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Jin W, Liu G, Zhong W, Sun C, Zhang Q. Polysaccharides from Sargassum thunbergii: Monthly variations and anti-complement and anti-tumour activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1526-1531. [PMID: 28528951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monthly variations of polysaccharides from Sargassum thunbergii and their anti-complement and anti-tumour activities were investigated. It was observed that an increase in fucose and total sugar contents occurred during the growth period (from early April to mid-June), accompanied by a decrease in molar ratios of other monosaccharides to fucose. The highest yields were obtained from early July to early September, which was in accordance with the significant increase in molar ratio of glucose to fucose and decrease in molar ratio of other monosaccharides to fucose. And the above results suggested that S. Thunbergii synthesized large amount of laminaran, the storage substance of brown algae, during the senescence period. However, sulfate contents were relatively stable in the life cycle of S. thunbergii. These results suggested that S. thunbergii synthesized complex sulfated heteropolysacchairdes during inactive period, while during other periods, it synthesized more sulfated galactofucan. All polysaccharides showed anti-complement activity, suggesting that the harvesting time did not influence the anti-complement activities. In the anti-tumour assay in vitro, the polysaccharides taken during the senescence period had much lower anti-tumour activity, suggesting that fucoidan, but not laminaran, determined the anti-tumour activities. Therefore, polysaccharides from S. thunbergii might have great potential in anti-complement and anti-tumour application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ge Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Deniaud-Bouët E, Hardouin K, Potin P, Kloareg B, Hervé C. A review about brown algal cell walls and fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides: Cell wall context, biomedical properties and key research challenges. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:395-408. [PMID: 28917882 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies on brown algal cell walls have entered a new phase with the concomitant discovery of novel polysaccharides present in cell walls and the establishment of a comprehensive generic model for cell wall architecture. Brown algal cell walls are composites of structurally complex polysaccharides. In this review we discuss the most recent progress in the structural composition of brown algal cell walls, emphasizing the significance of extraction and screening techniques, and the biological activities of the corresponding polysaccharides, with a specific focus on the fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides. They include valuable marine molecules that exert a broad range of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, functions in the regulation of immune responses and of haemostasis, anti-infectious and anticancer actions. We identify the key remaining challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Deniaud-Bouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
| | - Kevin Hardouin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
| | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
| | - Bernard Kloareg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
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53
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Xue M, Liang H, Tang Q, Xue C, He X, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Liang Z, Bian K, Zhang L, Li Z. The Protective and Immunomodulatory Effects of Fucoidan Against 7,12-Dimethyl benz[a]anthracene-Induced Experimental Mammary Carcinogenesis Through the PD1/PDL1 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1234-1244. [PMID: 29043842 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1362446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that is extracted from brown algae seaweed. This study was designed to evaluate the protective and immunomodulatory effects of dietary fucoidan on 7,12-dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced experimental mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups: the control group (control group), the cancer model group (model group), and the F1 and F2 groups, which were fed fucoidan at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg·body weight, respectively. We found that fucoidan treatment decreased the tumor incidence and mean tumor weight and prolonged the tumor latency. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the number of blood natural killer cells was higher after fucoidan treatment and that the proportions of CD4 and CD8 T cells were also increased. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p40, and interferon (IFN)-γ were higher in the rats treated with fucoidan compared to those of model rats. Moreover, the percentage of CD3+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the blood and the levels of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β in the serum were lower in the rats treated with fucoidan. Furthermore, fucoidan treatment decreased the expression of Foxp3 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) in tumor tissues. The levels of p-phosphatidyl inositol kinase 3 and p-AKT in tumor tissues were also lower than those of model rats. These results suggest that a fucoidan-supplemented diet can inhibit DMBA-induced tumors in rats. This study provides experimental evidence toward elucidating the immune enhancement induced by fucoidan through the programmed cell death 1/PDL1 signaling pathway. The immunomodulatory effect is one of the possible mechanisms of the protective effect of fucoidan against mammary carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Xue
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Hui Liang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- b College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Chuanxing Xue
- c Qingdao Haixi City Development Ltd , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Xinjia He
- d Oncology Department , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | | | - Kang Bian
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- a Qingdao University of Medicine , Qingdao , PR China
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Pragna Lakshmi T, Vajravijayan S, Moumita M, Sakthivel N, Gunasekaran K, Krishna R. A novel guaiane sesquiterpene derivative, guai-2-en-10α-ol, from Ulva fasciata Delile inhibits EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling and induces cytotoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 438:123-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tarhouni-Jabberi S, Zakraoui O, Ioannou E, Riahi-Chebbi I, Haoues M, Roussis V, Kharrat R, Essafi-Benkhadir K. Mertensene, a Halogenated Monoterpene, Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Caspase Dependent Apoptosis of Human Colon Adenocarcinoma HT29 Cell Line through the Modulation of ERK-1/-2, AKT and NF-κB Signaling. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E221. [PMID: 28726723 PMCID: PMC5532663 DOI: 10.3390/md15070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional treatment of advanced colorectal cancer is associated with tumor resistance and toxicity towards normal tissues. Therefore, development of effective anticancer therapeutic alternatives is still urgently required. Nowadays, marine secondary metabolites have been extensively investigated due to the fact that they frequently exhibit anti-tumor properties. However, little attention has been given to terpenoids isolated from seaweeds. In this study, we isolated the halogenated monoterpene mertensene from the red alga Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Santelices and Hommersand and we highlight its inhibitory effect on the viability of two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines HT29 and LS174. Interestingly, exposure of HT29 cells to different concentrations of mertensene correlated with the activation of MAPK ERK-1/-2, Akt and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, mertensene-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest was associated with a decrease in the phosphorylated forms of the anti-tumor transcription factor p53, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), cdc2 and chkp2. Indeed, a reduction of the cellular level of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK2 and CDK4 was observed in mertensene-treated cells. We also demonstrated that mertensene triggers a caspase-dependent apoptosis in HT29 cancer cells characterized by the activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Besides, the level of death receptor-associated protein TRADD increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of mertensene as a drug candidate for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Tarhouni-Jabberi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Toxines Alimentaires, LR11IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Molécules Thérapeutiques, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ons Zakraoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
- Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Ichrak Riahi-Chebbi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
- Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Meriam Haoues
- Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia.
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Riadh Kharrat
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratoire de Toxines Alimentaires, LR11IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Molécules Thérapeutiques, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
- Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.
- Université de Tunis El Manar, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Abstract
Polysaccharides are abundant natural polymers found in plants, animals and microorganisms with exceptional properties and essential roles to sustain life. They are well known for their high nutritive value and the positive effects on our immune and digestive functions and detoxification system. The knowledge and recognition of the important role they play for promoting and maintaining human health and wellbeing is continuously increasing. This review describes some important polysaccharides (e.g. mucilages and gums, glycosamine glycans and chitin/chitosan) and their medical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, with emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. Next, the use of polysaccharides as nutraceuticals and vaccines is discussed in more detail. An analysis of the trends and challenges in polysaccharide research concludes the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E.G. van Dam
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen G. Boeriu
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Effects of Chinese Medicine as Adjunct Medication for Adjuvant Chemotherapy Treatments of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46524. [PMID: 28436479 PMCID: PMC5402288 DOI: 10.1038/srep46524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a combination medication with adjuvant chemotherapy on postoperative early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The 314 patients with completely resected stage IB, II or IIIA cancers were assigned into vinorelbine plus cisplatin/carboplatin (NP/NC) (control, n = 158) and NP/NC with additional TCM (intervention, n = 156) groups. The primary endpoint was QOL scores; secondary endpoints were the toxicity and safety of the regimens. The NP/NC regimen caused mild (grade 1 or 2) non-hematologic toxic effects in the patients comprising vomiting (43.6%), fatigue (36.9%), pain (23%), dry mouth (27.6%) and diarrhea (7.9%). The incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (0.57% vs 4.02%, P = 0.037). Transient severe (grade 3 or 4) hematological toxic effects occurred less often (hemoglobin reduction (11.9 vs 22.5 percent) and total bilirubin increased (to 42.1 vs 46.2%) in the intervention compared to the control group during the 2nd chemotherapy cycle. When combined with adjuvant chemotherapy, TCM led to partial relief of symptoms in addition to a reduction of side-effects and adverse events caused by the NP/NC regimens.
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Efficacy of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan as a Supplemental Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15040122. [PMID: 28430159 PMCID: PMC5408268 DOI: 10.3390/md15040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) is widely used as a food supplement for cancer patients. However, all of the studies are in vitro or were conducted using mice. Therefore, powerful clinical evidence for LMF use is relatively weak. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LMF as a supplemental therapy to chemo-target agents in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of LMF as a supplemental therapy to chemotarget agents in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Sixty eligible patients with mCRC were included. Finally, 54 patients were enrolled, of whom 28 were included in the study group and 26 in the control group. The primary endpoint was the disease control rate (DCR), and secondary endpoints included the overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), adverse effects (AEs), and quality of life (QOL). Results: The DCRs were 92.8% and 69.2% in the study and control groups, respectively (p = 0.026), in a median follow-up period of 11.5 months. The OS, PFS, ORR, AEs, and QOL did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusion: This is the first clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of LMF as a supplemental therapy in the management of patients with mCRC. The results indicate that LMF combined with chemotarget agents significantly improved the DCR.
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Śmieszek A, Giezek E, Chrapiec M, Murat M, Mucha A, Michalak I, Marycz K. The Influence of Spirulina platensis Filtrates on Caco-2 Proliferative Activity and Expression of Apoptosis-Related microRNAs and mRNA. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15030065. [PMID: 28272349 PMCID: PMC5367022 DOI: 10.3390/md15030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green microalga that has recently raised attention not only as a nutritional component, but also as a source of bioactivities that have therapeutic effects and may find application in medicine, including cancer treatment. In the present study we determined the cytotoxic effect of S. platensis filtrates (SPF) on human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. Three concentrations of SPF were tested-1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% (v/v). We have found that the highest concentration of SPF exerts the strongest anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect on Caco-2 cultures. The SPF negatively affected the morphology of Caco-2 causing colony shrinking and significant inhibition of metabolic and proliferative activity of cells. The wound-healing assay showed that the SPF impaired migratory capabilities of Caco-2. This observation was consistent with lowered mRNA levels for metalloproteinases. Furthermore, SPF decreased the transcript level of pro-survival genes (cyclin D1, surviving, and c-Myc) and reduced the autocrine secretion of Wnt-10b. The cytotoxic effect of SPF involved the modulation of the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio and a decrease of mitochondrial activity, and was related with increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, the SPF also caused an increased number of cells in the apoptotic sub-G0 phase and up-regulated expression of mir-145, simultaneously decreasing expression of mir-17 and 146. Obtained results indicate that SPF can be considered as an agent with anti-cancer properties that may be used for colon cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Śmieszek
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b Street, 50-631 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Giezek
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Martyna Chrapiec
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Martyna Murat
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Mucha
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b Street, 50-631 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38 C Chelmonskiego St., 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b Street, 50-631 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Stablowicka 147, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland.
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60
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Kim IH, Nam TJ. Enzyme-treated Ecklonia cava extract inhibits adipogenesis through the downregulation of C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:636-644. [PMID: 28204815 PMCID: PMC5360387 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of enzyme- treated Ecklonia cava (EEc) extract on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The components of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) were first separated and purified using the digestive enzymes pectinase (Rapidase® X‑Press L) and cellulase (Rohament® CL). We found that the EEc extract contained three distinct phlorotannins: eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A. Among the phlorotannins, dieckol was the most abundant in the EEc extract at 16 mg/g. Then we examined the inhibitory effects of EEc extract treatment on differentiation‑related transcription factors and on adipogenesis‑related gene expression in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3‑L1 pre‑adipocytes were used to determine the concentrations of the EEc extract and Garcinia cambogia (Gar) extract that did not result in cytotoxicity. Glucose utilization and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the EEc‑treated adipocytes were similarly inhibited by 50 µg/ml EEc and 200 µg/ml Gar, and these results were confirmed by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression of adipogenesis differentiation‑related transcription factors following treatment with the EEc extract was also examined. Only the expression of CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein (C/EBP)α was decreased, while there was no effect on the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Treatment with the EEc extract decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis‑related genes, in particular sterol regulatory element binding protein‑1c (SREBP‑1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A‑FABP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. These results suggest that EEc extract treatment has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, specifically by affecting the activation of the C/EBPα signaling pathway and the resulting adipogenesis-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Park SY, Hwang E, Shin YK, Lee DG, Yang JE, Park JH, Yi TH. Immunostimulatory Effect of Enzyme-Modified Hizikia fusiformein a Mouse Model In Vitro and Ex Vivo. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 19:65-75. [PMID: 28138935 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hizikia fusiforme, a brown seaweed, has been utilized as a health food and in traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated whether enzyme-modified H. fusiforme extracts (EH) have immunological effects compared with normal H. fusiforme extracts (NH). The effects of NH and EH on immune responses were investigated by assessing nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and mice. Also, fucosterol was evaluated to find the active component of NH and EH by addressing cytotoxicity test and NO production. Both of NH and EH significantly increased cell viability and NO synthesis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression was more induced by EH with LPS treatment. Phagocytic activity, as the primary function of macrophages, was markedly induced by EH treatment. Additionally, EH encouraged splenocyte proliferation and recovered the levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in mice. Finally, fucosterol increased NO production with no cytotoxicity, which means that fucosterol is an active component of EH. In conclusion, EH has the potential to modulate immune function and could offer positive therapeutic effect for immune system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Don-Gil Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea.
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, South Korea.
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Fan J, Liu Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Li S, Long R, Zhang R, Kankala RK. Synthesis and characterization of innovative poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-(poly-l-ornithine/fucoidan) core–shell nanocarriers by layer-by-layer self-assembly. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04908k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly of nanocarriers has garnered the interest of researchers for a wide variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Yuangang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Shibin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Yulu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Siming Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Ruimin Long
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering
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Oliveira C, Ferreira AS, Novoa-Carballal R, Nunes C, Pashkuleva I, Neves NM, Coimbra MA, Reis RL, Martins A, Silva TH. The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia 4805-017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Andreia S. Ferreira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; Campus de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ramon Novoa-Carballal
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia 4805-017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; Campus de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; Campus de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia 4805-017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia 4805-017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Manuel A. Coimbra
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry; University of Aveiro; Campus de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia 4805-017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Albino Martins
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia 4805-017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho; Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia 4805-017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's; PT Government Associate Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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64
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Singh P, Baranwal M, Reddy SM. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of carotenes produced by Dunaliella salina under stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2269-2275. [PMID: 26983781 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1153660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Dunaliella salina Teodoresco (Dunaliellaceae) is one of the promising microalgae consumed as food and medicine for many years. Objective Dunaliella salina was grown under different stress conditions for enhancing carotene production. The carotene enriched extract was evaluated for antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Materials and methods Carotene content was calculated under salinity, nitrogen and temperature stress conditions. Antioxidant activity was determined through DPPH assay by incubating the samples for 45 min with 250 μg/mL of extract and reducing power assay was performed with 50, 100, 150 and 200 μg/mL of extract. Cytotoxicity was determined by incubating ∼2 × 10(4) MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells with 250 μg of extract in each well for 72 h by MTT assay. Result Carotene content was significantly increased to 9.8 (3.5 M NaCl), 13.9 (37 °C), 8.2 (250 mM KNO3) and 10.6 μg/mL (nitrogen-depleted medium) as compared with 3.2 μg/mL in normal conditions (1.7 M NaCl, 0.75 mM KNO3 and 28 °C). Free radical scavenging activity increased at 3.0 and 3.5 M NaCl (27.8 and 57.5%, respectively), 37 °C (31.4%) and in nitrogen-depleted medium (41.9%) compared with normal (15%) conditions. Carotene content and scavenging activity were positively correlated under salinity (r = 0.97), temperature (r = 0.85) and nitrogen (r = 0.7) stress conditions. Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines increased due to increase in carotene content suggesting that cytotoxicity may be associated with carotene accumulation. Discussion and conclusions Carotene content enhanced by D. salina under stress conditions increased the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritika Singh
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , Punjab , India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , Punjab , India
| | - Sudhakara M Reddy
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , Punjab , India
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65
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Changes in rats' breast tumor ultrastructure and immune and messenger RNA responses caused by dietary Seaweed ( Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 5:70-81. [PMID: 30023239 PMCID: PMC6025758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii or Eucheuma cottonii is commercially cultivated in the pristine tropical seas for carrageenan production. The systemic, cellular, and molecular effects of E. cottonii 50% alcohol extract [seaweed E. cottonii ethanol extract (SECE)] on breast cancer were investigated in a rat model. Mammary tumor was induced by subcutaneously injecting LA7 cells in female rat mammary pads. After 2 weeks of cancer growth, the rats received oral administration of either SECE [150 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 300 mg/kg BW] or tamoxifen. Electron microscopy imaging results confirmed macrophage activity and hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that tumor histopathological alterations were restored toward normal structures by the seaweed extract. The extract suppressed tumor development and modulated the immune responses. This was evidenced by the microscopic observations, the increased spleen weight, size, spleen CD19 B cells, and blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. The extract also increased the circulating total white blood cells, lymphocytes, segmented neutrophils count, T cells (CD3), T-helper cells (CD4), cytotoxic T cell (CD8), and nuclear factor-kappa beta expressions. The extract enhanced cancer cell death, by upregulating the Birc5, Chk1, and p53 levels and downregulating the tumor growth cellular Mdm2 (transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. The extract showed no toxicity at 150 mg/kg BW in rats. The lectin-rich SECE showed tumor suppression by enhancing immune responses and upregulating the cancer cell apoptosis mRNA expressions.
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66
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Ratovitski EA. Tumor Protein (TP)-p53 Members as Regulators of Autophagy in Tumor Cells upon Marine Drug Exposure. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14080154. [PMID: 27537898 PMCID: PMC4999915 DOI: 10.3390/md14080154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting autophagic pathways might play a critical role in designing novel chemotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of human cancers, and the prevention of tumor-derived chemoresistance. Marine compounds were found to decrease tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Some of them were shown to induce autophagic flux in tumor cells. In this study, we observed that the selected marine life-derived compounds (Chromomycin A2, Psammaplin A, and Ilimaquinone) induce expression of several autophagic signaling intermediates in human squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro through a transcriptional regulation by tumor protein (TP)-p53 family members. These conclusions were supported by specific qPCR expression analysis, luciferase reporter promoter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation of promoter sequences bound to the TP53 family proteins, and silencing of the TP53 members in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Ratovitski
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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67
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Erenler R, Pabuccu K, Yaglioglu AS, Demirtas I, Gul F. Chemical constituents and antiproliferative effects of cultured Mougeotia nummuloides and Spirulina major against cancerous cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:87-92. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the effect of Mougeotia nummuloides and Spirulina major on Vero cells (African green monkey kidney), C6 cells (rat brain tumor cells) and HeLa cells (human uterus carcinoma) was investigated in vitro. The antiproliferative effect of the methanol extract of M. nummuloides and S. major compared with 5-fluorourasil (5-FU) and cisplatin was tested at various concentrations using the BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA. Both M. nummuloides and S. major extracts significantly inhibited the proliferation of Vero, HeLa and C6 cancer cell lines with IC50 and IC75 values. The M. nummuloides extract exhibited higher activity than 5-FU and cisplatin on Vero and C6 cells at high concentrations. The S. major extract revealed better antifproliferative activity than standards against Vero cells at 500 μg/mL. The compounds of methanol extracts were determined by GC-MS after the silylation process. Trehalose, monostearin and 1-monopalmitin were detected as major products in the M. nummuloides extract where as in the S. major extract; monostearin, 1-monopalmitin and hexyl alcohol were the main constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Erenler
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Koksal Pabuccu
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Gaziosmanpasa University, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ayse Sahin Yaglioglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Cankiri Karatekin University, 18100 Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Cankiri Karatekin University, 18100 Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gul
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Cankiri Karatekin University, 18100 Cankiri, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; E-Mail:
- Laboratory of Marine Natural Products Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- School of Natural Sciences, Far East Federal University, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; E-Mail:
- Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP St. Gallen, 9006 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
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69
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Schneider T, Ehrig K, Liewert I, Alban S. Interference with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as potential antitumor strategy: superiority of a sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima and fucoidan over heparins. Glycobiology 2015; 25:812-24. [PMID: 25878069 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP) from brown algae interfere with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in human Burkitt's lymphoma cells by binding CXCL12 and thereby blocking both CXCL12-induced CXCR4 receptor activation and downstream effects like migration and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9. This mode of action is currently considered as promising strategy for tumor therapy and may contribute to the known in vivo antitumor, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activity of FCSP. In terms of the inhibition of the CXCR4 activation, FCSP from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-FCSP) proved to be more active than a commercial "Fucoidan" from Fucus vesiculosus, and both FCSP were superior to heparins by more than one order of magnitude. Fractionation of S.l.-FCSP revealed that its main fraction is composed of a homogeneous, higher sulfated galactofucan (S.l.-SGF) which consistently exhibited stronger activities and can therefore be considered as the active ingredient of S.l.-FCSP. By subjecting Fucoidan to the same fractionation procedure, the inhibitory activity of the obtained purified Fucoidan on the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis tended to be weaker and its antioxidant and antiproliferative effects were lost. This was probably due to the separation of contaminants including phenolic compounds, whose content additionally showed marked batch-to-batch variability. Regarding the need of standardized, well-characterized FCSP preparations for any potential medical application, our results indicate that S.l.-SGF is a promising candidate for further investigations and that S. latissima may be a more appropriate source of FCSP than F. vesiculosus or other algae species with high contents of co-extractable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Schneider
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Ehrig
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Liewert
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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