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Haktanir I, Masoura M, Mantzouridou FT, Gkatzionis K. Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom on Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. AMB Express 2021; 11:54. [PMID: 33835274 PMCID: PMC8035396 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee venom (Apitoxin, BV), a secretion substance expelled from the venom gland of bees, has being reported as antimicrobial against various bacterial species; however, the mechanism of action remains uncharacterized. In this study, the antibacterial activity of BV was investigated on hygiene indicator Escherichia coli and the environmental pathogen and spoilage bacterial species, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens. An array of methods was combined to elucidate the mode of action of BV. Viability by culture on media was combined with assessing cell injury with flow cytometry analysis. ATP depletion was monitored as an indicator to metabolic activity of cells, by varying BV concentration (75, 225and 500 µg/mL), temperature (25 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^\circ \complement $$\end{document}∘∁), and time of exposure (0 to 24 h). Venom presented moderate inhibitory effect on E. coli by viability assay, caused high membrane permeability and significant ATP loss where the effect was increased by increased concentration. The viability of P. putida was reduced to a greater extent than other tested bacteria at comparable venom concentrations and was dictated by exposure time. On the contrary, P. fluorescens appeared less affected by venom based on viability; however, flow cytometry and ATP analysis highlighted concentration- and time-dependent effect of venom. According to Transmission Electron Microscopy results, the deformation of the cell wall was evident for all species. This implies a common mechanism of action of the BV which is as follows: the cell wall destruction, change of membrane permeability, leakage of cell contents, inactivation of metabolic activity and finally cell death.
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Huang XJ, Xiong N, Chen BC, Luo F, Huang M, Ding ZS, Qian CD. The Antibacterial Properties of 4, 8, 4', 8'-Tetramethoxy (1,1'-biphenanthrene) -2,7,2',7'-Tetrol from Fibrous Roots of Bletilla striata. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:195-202. [PMID: 33927460 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphenanthrene compound, 4, 8, 4', 8'-tetramethoxy (1, 1'-biphenanthrene)-2, 7, 2', 7'-tetrol (LF05), recently isolated from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata, exhibits antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial properties, potential mode of action and cytotoxicity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) tests showed LF05 was active against all tested Gram-positive strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and staphylococcal clinical isolates. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests demonstrated LF05 was bactericidal against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and Bacillus subtilis 168 whereas bacteriostatic against S. aureus ATCC 43300, WX 0002, and other strains of S. aureus. Time-kill assays further confirmed these observations. The flow cytometric assay indicated that LF05 damaged the cell membrane of S. aureus ATCC 29213 and B. subtilis 168. Consistent with this finding, 4 × MIC of LF05 caused release of ATP in B. subtilis 168 within 10 min. Checkerboard test demonstrated LF05 exhibited additive effect when combined with vancomycin, erythromycin and berberine. The addition of rat plasma or bovine serum albumin to bacterial cultures caused significantly loss in antibacterial activity of LF05. Interestingly, LF05 was highly toxic to several tumor cells. Results of these studies indicate that LF05 is bactericidal against some Gram-positive bacteria and acts as a membrane structure disruptor. The application of biphenanthrene in the treatment of S. aureus infection, especially local infection, deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Chen Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Luo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- Institute of Medical Technology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Dong Qian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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53
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Benzenetriol-Derived Compounds against Citrus Canker. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051436. [PMID: 33800893 PMCID: PMC7961829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to replace the huge amounts of copper salts used in citrus orchards, alternatives have been sought in the form of organic compounds of natural origin with activity against the causative agent of citrus canker, the phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri. We synthesized a series of 4-alkoxy-1,2-benzene diols (alkyl-BDOs) using 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BTO) as a starting material through a three-step synthesis route and evaluated their suitability as antibacterial compounds. Our results show that alkyl ethers derived from 1,2,4-benzenetriol have bactericidal activity against X. citri, disrupting the bacterial cell membrane within 15 min. Alkyl-BDOs were also shown to remain active against the bacteria while in solution, and presented low toxicity to (human) MRC-5 cells. Therefore, we have demonstrated that 1,2,4-benzenetriol—a molecule that can be obtained from agricultural residues—is an adequate precursor for the synthesis of new compounds with activity against X. citri.
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54
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Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of Cedrus atlantica organic extracts and essential oil. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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55
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Eungsuwan N, Chayjarung P, Pankam J, Pilaisangsuree V, Wongshaya P, Kongbangkerd A, Sriphannam C, Limmongkon A. Production and antimicrobial activity of trans-resveratrol, trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3 from elicited peanut hairy root cultures in shake flasks compared with bioreactors. J Biotechnol 2020; 326:28-36. [PMID: 33359213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining large-scale hairy root cultures is a major challenge to increasing root biomass and secondary metabolite production. Enhanced production of stilbene compounds such as trans-resveratrol, trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3 was achieved using an elicitor treatment procedure. Two different hairy root inoculum densities were investigated and compared between shake flask and bioreactor cultures. The lowest growth index was observed using a 20 g/L inoculum size in the bioreactor, which differed significantly from bioreactor of 5 g/L. Increasing the hairy root inoculum size from 5 g/L to 20 g/L in both the shake flask and bioreactor significantly improve antioxidant activity, phenolic content and stilbene compound levels. The highest ABTS and FRAP antioxidant activity, and levels of total phenolic compounds, trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3 in the crude extract were demonstrated in shake flask cultures with a 20 g/L inoculum after elicitation for 72 h. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the crude extract to inhibit growth of foodborne microbes, S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli, were 187.5, 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. This was due to the ability of the crude extract to disrupt the cell membrane, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing ruptured pores on the S. aureus and S. typhimurium cell surfaces. Moreover, the E. coli cell division process could be inhibited by the crude extract, which promoted an increase in cell size. A DNA nicking assay indicated that a 50 μg/mL concentration of the crude extract caused plasmid DNA damage that might be due to a genotoxic effect of the pro-oxidant activity of the crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichanan Eungsuwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Phadtraphorn Chayjarung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Jintana Pankam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Vijakhana Pilaisangsuree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Pakwuan Wongshaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Anupan Kongbangkerd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chayaphon Sriphannam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Apinun Limmongkon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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Di Fermo P, Di Lodovico S, Amoroso R, De Filippis B, D’Ercole S, Di Campli E, Cellini L, Di Giulio M. Searching for New Tools to Counteract the Helicobacter pylori Resistance: The Positive Action of Resveratrol Derivatives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E891. [PMID: 33322025 PMCID: PMC7763357 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug-resistance phenomenon in Helicobacter pylori underlines the need of novel strategies to improve the eradication rate including alternative treatments combining antibiotic and non-antibiotic compounds with synergistic action. In this study, the antibacterial (MIC/MBC) and anti-virulence effects (biofilm reduction and swarming motility inhibition) of resveratrol-RSV and new synthetized RSV-phenol derivatives, with a higher bioavailability, alone and combined with levofloxacin-LVX were evaluated against resistant H. pylori clinical strains. The experiments were confirmed in vivo using the Galleria mellonella model. Among the studied RSV derivatives, RSV-3 and RSV-4 possessed higher antibacterial activity with respect to RSV (MICs from 6.25 to 200 µg/mL and from 3.12 to 200 µg/mL, respectively). RSV, RSV-3, and RSV-4 were able to synergize with LVX restoring its effect in two out of seven clinical resistant strains tested for the study. RSV, RSV-3, and RSV-4, alone and with LVX at sub-MIC and sub-synergistic concentrations, significantly reduced the biofilm formation. Moreover, RSV-3 and RSV-4 reduced the H. pylori swarming motility on soft agar. RSV, RSV-3, and RSV-4 were non-toxic for G. mellonella larvae and displayed a protective effect against H. pylori infection. Overall, RSV-phenol derivatives should be considered interesting candidates for innovative therapeutic schemes to tackle the H. pylori antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Fermo
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.F.); (S.D.L.); (R.A.); (B.D.F.); (E.D.C.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.F.); (S.D.L.); (R.A.); (B.D.F.); (E.D.C.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.F.); (S.D.L.); (R.A.); (B.D.F.); (E.D.C.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.F.); (S.D.L.); (R.A.); (B.D.F.); (E.D.C.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Di Campli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.F.); (S.D.L.); (R.A.); (B.D.F.); (E.D.C.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.F.); (S.D.L.); (R.A.); (B.D.F.); (E.D.C.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.F.); (S.D.L.); (R.A.); (B.D.F.); (E.D.C.); (M.D.G.)
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57
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Bioactive fractions of Eucalyptus camaldulensis inhibit important foodborne pathogens, reduce listeriolysin O-induced haemolysis, and ameliorate hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on human embryonic colon cells. Food Chem 2020; 344:128571. [PMID: 33221106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extract of E. camaldulensis was partitioned into aqueous and ethanol fractions by a precipitation and sedimentation-based technique and profiled for phytochemical components. Antimicrobial evaluation yielded inhibitory concentrations of 16-64 and 158-316 µg/mL, and bactericidal concentrations of 32-64 and 316->2528 µg/mL for ethanol and aqueous fractions, respectively. Antioxidant activities evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid assays showed IC50 values of 7.07 and 65.67 µg/mL, and 17.96 and 201.3 µg/mL for aqueous and ethanol fractions. Total phenolic content of 9.04 ± 0.26 and 3.58 ± 0.04 GAE/mg fraction, and flavonoid content of 2.07 ± 0.02 and 3.37 ± 0.05 QE/mg fraction were recorded for aqueous and ethanol fractions. At subinhibitory concentrations fractions significantly reduced listeriolysin O-induced haemolysis (p < 0.05), and ameliorated H2O2-induced toxicity by 8-23 and 15-83%. Nitrite production reduced by 4-17 and 3-14 µM following fractions treatment. The fractions showed bioactive properties, with oxidative stress amelioratory effects, and could be a potentials source of preservatives and functional food additives.
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Repurposing of Drugs for Antibacterial Activities on Selected ESKAPE Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8885338. [PMID: 33061985 PMCID: PMC7542517 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8885338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing cases of multidrug-resistant pathogens have evolved into a global health crisis. ESKAPE group of bacteria are associated with antibiotic resistance, and infections caused by these pathogens result in high mortality and morbidity. However, de novo synthesis of antibiotics is expensive and time-consuming since the development of a new drug has to go through several clinical trials. Repurposing of old drugs for the treatment of antimicrobial resistant pathogens has been explored as an alternative strategy in the field of antimicrobial drug discovery. Ten non-antimicrobial compounds were screened for antibacterial activity on two ESKAPE organisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The drugs used in this study were amodiaquine an antimalarial drug, probenecid used to prevent gout, ibuprofen a painkiller, 2-amino-5-chlorobenzaxazole used as a tool for assessing hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in rodents, ellargic acid an antioxidant, quercetin an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug, N–N diacryloylpiperazine used to crosslink polyacrylamide gel in 2D-protein electrophoresis, epicatechin an antioxidant and antiviral drug, curcumin an anticancer drug, and quinine an antimalarial drug. Antibacterial susceptibility tests were carried out for the 10 compounds. Curcumin exhibited the most potent antimicrobial activity against both bacteria, with MICs of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. Ellargic acid was found to have an MIC of 100 μg/ml against S. aureus. Curcumin caused protein and nucleic acid leakage from the bacterial cell membrane in both bacterial species. When curcumin was combined with ciprofloxacin, it was found to enhance the antibacterial effects of ciprofloxacin. The combination with ciprofloxacin reduced the MIC for ciprofloxacin from 0.5 μg/ml to 0.0625 μg/ml on P. aeruginosa and 0.25 μg/ml to 0.0625 μg/ml on S. aureus. The results obtained show that curcumin has antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and may enhance the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin.
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Liu X, Yue Y, Wu Y, Zhong K, Bu Q, Gao H. Discovering the antibacterial mode of action of 3‐
p
‐
trans
‐coumaroyl‐2‐hydroxyquinic acid, a natural phenolic compound, against
Staphylococcus aureus
through an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuxi Yue
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qian Bu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Rahayu A, Rini CS, Prakoso YA, Palgunadi BU, Munandar MA. Effects of Sauropus androgynus extract and its combination with ampicillin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2020.128-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The massive utilization of antibiotics has increased resistant genes produced by bacteria. Many bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have become resistant against ampicillin (AMP). The combination of an herbal extract with AMP is expected to generate synergistic effects and may restore the susceptibility of MRSA against AMP. This study aimed to analyze the potency of Sauropus androgynous extract (SAE) as a single extract and combination with AMP against MRSA.
Materials and Methods: Sauropus androgynous was extracted using 60% ethanol. SAE biochemical compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were tested against MRSA isolates to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration. The inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins 2a (PBP2a) was analyzed using a latex agglutination test. Further, the disruptive membrane effects of SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis of data was conducted using SPSS version 16 with p=0.01.
Results: SAE contained bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. Further, 2 mg/mL of SAE could be used as the potential concentration against MRSA isolates in vitro. In addition, the utilization of SAE+AMP generated synergistic effects, restored the susceptibility of isolates against AMP, decreased the synthesis of PBP2a by the MRSA, and induced ultrastructural changes in the bacterial membrane.
Conclusion: This study indicated that the utilization of SAE potentially inhibits the growth of MRSA through decreasing of PBP2a expression, disruption of the MRSA membrane, while the combination of SAE+AMP showed synergistic effects against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asih Rahayu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Chylen Setiyo Rini
- Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Health, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yos Adi Prakoso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Bagus Uda Palgunadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Aris Munandar
- Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Health, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia
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61
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Mori DI, Schurr MJ, Nair DP. Selective Inhibition of Streptococci Biofilm Growth via a Hydroxylated Azobenzene Coating. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2020; 7:1902149. [PMID: 33575161 PMCID: PMC7872137 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201902149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to engineer surfaces that can enable the selective inhibition of bacterial pathogens while preserving beneficial microbes can serve as tools to precisely edit the microbiome. In the oral microbiome, this selectivity is crucial in preventing the proliferation of cariogenic species such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). In this communication, coatings consisting of a covalently tethered hydroxylated azobenzene (OH-AAZO) on glassy acrylic resins are studied and characterized for their ability to selectively prevent the attachment and growth of oral Streptococci biofilms. The coating applied on the surface of glassy resins inhibits the growth and proliferation of cariogenic S. mutans and S. oralis biofilms while A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. aureus, and E. coli biofilms are unaffected by the coating . The antibacterial effect is characterized as a function of both the OH-AAZO concentration in the coatings (≥50 mg mL-1) and the structure of the monomer in the coating. Preliminary mechanistic results suggest that the targeted bactericidal effect against Streptococci species is caused by a disruption of membrane ion potential, inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan I Mori
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael J Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Devatha P Nair
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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62
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Alvarado-Martinez Z, Tabashsum Z, Salaheen S, Mui C, Lebovic A, Gaspard S, Dattilio A, Young A, Kennedy NF, Biswas D. Growth Inhibition and Alternation of Virulence Genes of Salmonella on Produce Products Treated with Polyphenolic Extracts from Berry Pomace. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1463-1471. [PMID: 32299102 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Organic farming, including integrated crop-livestock farms and backyard farming, is gaining popularity in the United States, and products from these farms are commonly sold at farmers' markets, local stores, and roadside stalls. Because organic farms avoid using antibiotics and chemicals and because they use composted animal waste and nonprofessional harvesting and packaging methods, their products have an increased risk of cross-contamination with zoonotic pathogens. This study sets out to evaluate the efficiency of new postharvest disinfection processes using natural berry pomace extracts (BPEs) as a means to reduce the bacterial load found in two common leafy greens, spinach and celery. Spinach and celery were inoculated with a fixed bacterial load of Salmonella Typhimurium and later were soaked in BPE-supplemented water (wBPE) for increasing periods of time, at two different temperatures (24 and 4°C). The remaining live bacteria were quantified (log CFU per leaf), and numbers were compared with those on vegetables soaked in water alone. The relative expression of virulence genes (hilA1/C1/D1, invA1/C1/E1/F1) of wBPE-treated Salmonella Typhimurium was determined. For spinach, there was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium: 0.2 to 1.2 log CFU/mL and 0.5 to 5 log CFU/mL at 24 and 4°C, respectively. For celery, there was also a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium at either 24 or 4°C. The changes in relative expression of virulence genes of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from spinach and celery varied depending on the treatment conditions but showed a significant down-regulation of inv genes when treated at 24°C for 1,440 min (P < 0.05). After seven uses, the total polyphenolic compounds in wBPE remained at an effective concentration. This research suggests that soaking these vegetables with BPE-containing water at lower temperatures can still reduce the Salmonella Typhimurium load enough to minimize the risk of infection and alter virulence properties. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabdiel Alvarado-Martinez
- Biological Sciences Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-3139 [Z.A.M.])
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Biological Sciences Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology.,Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - Christine Mui
- Biological Sciences Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Alex Lebovic
- Biological Sciences Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | | | | | - Alana Young
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Nana-Frekua Kennedy
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Biological Sciences Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology.,Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Zhu HL, Chen G, Chen SN, Wang RQ, Chen L, Xue H, Jian SP. Changes in cell membrane properties and phospholipid fatty acids of bacillus subtilis induced by polyphenolic extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2164-2170. [PMID: 32572963 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sanguisorba officinalis L. (family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae) is a plant found throughout Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and Eastern Asia. This study demonstrated the antibacterial activity of a purified polyphenolic extract (PPE) from S. officinalis L. against Bacillus subtilis using growth inhibitory and apoptosis assays, and investigated the antibacterial mechanism responsible for changes in cell membrane properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that PPE altered the cell wall and membrane properties of B. subtilis. Further determination of cell membrane integrity and permeability revealed that B. subtilis membrane integrity was more severely damaged by PPE at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) than at the minimum bactericidal concentrati on (MBC). Instead, PPE at the MBC reduced cell membrane fluidity by significantly decreasing the proportion of anteiso- and iso-branched phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) from 64.17 ± 0.28% and 27.23 ± 0.03% in the control to 5.57 ± 1.06% and 6.00 ± 1.40%, respectively (P < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy revealed different effects of PPE on cell morphology, demonstrating that, at the MIC and MBC, PPE exerted antibacterial activity by disrupting the cell membrane and reducing cell membrane fluidity, respectively. Consequently, this study elucidated changes in the bacterial membrane due to exposure to PPE and its potential use as an antimicrobial agent. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The abuse of synthetic chemical preservatives raises food safety concerns; however, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds may be a safe and effective alternative. This study demonstrated the strong antibacterial activity of a purified polyphenolic extract (PPE) of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and revealed its antibacterial mechanism against Bacillus subtilis, suggesting that it may provide a useful antimicrobial agent in food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Sun-Ni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Rui-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Su-Ping Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
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64
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Qian W, Wang W, Zhang J, Wang T, Liu M, Yang M, Sun Z, Li X, Li Y. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of ursolic acid against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:382-391. [PMID: 32051569 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that ursolic acid (UA) present in apple pomace displays antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms, but the underlying mechanisms associated with this activity remain unexplored. Furthermore, there are no reports on the effect of UA on carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). This study examined the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of UA against CRKP was examined. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of UA against CRKP was determined by the agar dilution method. Variations in the intracellular pH (pHin), ATP concentration, and cell membrane potential were measured to assess the influence of UA on the cell membrane. Our results show that UA was effective against CRKP at an MIC of 0.8 mg ml-1. UA disrupted the cell membrane integrity of CRKP, exhibited strong inhibitory effects against biofilm formation and biofilm-related gene expression, and inactivated CRKP cells encased in biofilms. Thus, UA shows promise for use in combination with other antibiotics to treat multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhaohuan Sun
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Food Science and Bioengineering School, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 315010, Ningbo, PR China.
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65
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Prakoso YA, Rini CS, Rahayu A, Sigit M, Widhowati D. Celery ( Apium graveolens) as a potential antibacterial agent and its effect on cytokeratin-17 and other healing promoters in skin wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vet World 2020; 13:865-871. [PMID: 32636580 PMCID: PMC7311862 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.865-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem caused by extensive utilization of antibiotics that promote gene resistant among bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to analyze the potential effects of celery (Apium graveolens) extract as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Celery was extracted and tested against a MRSA isolate in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA for the celery extract (CE) was determined to be 0.1% and it was formulated into a cream. A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Group 1, negative control; Group 2, positive control; Group 3, treated with 0.05% CE cream; Group 4, 0.1% CE cream; and Group 5, 0.2% CE cream. All animals in the groups were exposed to a full-thickness skin biopsy on the dorsal portion, and they were infected with 30 µL of 105 colony-forming units of the MRSA isolate. The treatment was administered twice a day for 7 days. The skin samples were collected on days 3 and 7 after the treatment. The skin tissue was examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, Gram staining, and immunohistochemistry against cytokeratin (CK)-17. Results: Results showed that 0.2% of CE cream was the best treatment for wounds infected with MRSA. CE (0.2%) cream increased skin reepithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, and CK-17 expression; it also decreased the percentage of wound area, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bacterial colonization in skin wound tissue compared to the other treatments (p≤0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that celery could be utilized as an alternative herbal therapy against MRSA-associated skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yos Adi Prakoso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, 60225, Indonesia
| | - Chylen Setiyo Rini
- Technology of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Health, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia, 61261, Indonesia
| | - Asih Rahayu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, 60225, Indonesia
| | - Miarsono Sigit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, 60225, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Widhowati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, 60225, Indonesia
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66
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Paderog MJV, Suarez AFL, Sabido EM, Low ZJ, Saludes JP, Dalisay DS. Anthracycline Shunt Metabolites From Philippine Marine Sediment-Derived Streptomyces Destroy Cell Membrane Integrity of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:743. [PMID: 32390983 PMCID: PMC7193051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance (ABR) and the drying up of the pipeline for the development of new antibiotics demands an urgent search for new antibiotic leads. While the majority of clinically available antibiotics were discovered from terrestrial Streptomyces, related species from marine sediments as a source of antibiotics remain underexplored. Here, we utilized culture-dependent isolation of thirty-five marine sediment-derived actinobacterial isolates followed by a screening of their antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus ATCC BAA-44. Our results revealed that the crude extract of Streptomyces griseorubens strain DSD069 isolated from marine sediments collected in Romblon, Philippines displays the highest antibacterial activity, with 96.4% growth inhibition. The S. aureus ATCC BAA-44 cells treated with crude extract of Streptomyces griseorubens strain DSD069 showed cell membrane damage as demonstrated by (a) leakage and loss of vital cell constituents, including DNA and proteins, (b) irregular shrinkage of cells, and (c) increase membrane permeability. The antibiotic compounds were identified as Bisanhydroaklavinone and 1-Hydroxybisanhydroaklavinone with MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL and 50.00 μg/mL, respectively. Bisanhydroaklavinone and 1-Hydroxybisanhydroaklavinone are shunt metabolites in the biosynthesis of anticancer anthracycline derivatives namely doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and cinerubins. It is rare, however, that shunt metabolites are accumulated during fermentation of marine sediment-derived Streptomyces strain without genetic modification. Thus, our study provides evidence that natural bacterial strain can produce Bisanhydroaklavinone and 1-Hydroxybisanhydroaklavinone as antibiotic leads to combat ABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa June V Paderog
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health and Allied Medical Professions, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines.,Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines
| | - Angelica Faith L Suarez
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines
| | - Edna M Sabido
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines
| | | | - Jonel P Saludes
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines.,Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts, Sciences, and Education, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines.,Balik Scientist Program, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Doralyn S Dalisay
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines.,Balik Scientist Program, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Philippines.,Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts, Sciences, and Education, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City, Philippines
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67
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Catinella G, Mattio LM, Musso L, Arioli S, Mora D, Beretta GL, Zaffaroni N, Pinto A, Dallavalle S. Structural Requirements of Benzofuran Derivatives Dehydro- δ- and Dehydro- ε-Viniferin for Antimicrobial Activity Against the Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2168. [PMID: 32245220 PMCID: PMC7139904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a collection of resveratrol-derived monomers and dimers against a series of foodborne pathogens. Out of the tested molecules, dehydro-δ-viniferin and dehydro-ε-viniferin emerged as the most promising derivatives. To define the structural elements essential to the antimicrobial activity against the foodborne pathogen L. monocytogenes Scott A as a model Gram-positive microorganism, the synthesis of a series of simplified benzofuran-containing derivatives was carried out. The systematic removal of the aromatic moieties of the parent molecules allowed a deeper insight into the most relevant structural features affecting the activity. While the overall structure of compound 1 could not be altered without a substantial loss of antimicrobial activity, the structural simplification of compound 2 (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 16 µg/mL, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) >512 µg/mL) led to the analogue 7 with increased activity (MIC 8 µg/mL, MBC 64 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Catinella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (L.M.M.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Luce M. Mattio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (L.M.M.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (L.M.M.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (L.M.M.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Diego Mora
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (L.M.M.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.B.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.B.); (N.Z.)
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (L.M.M.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (L.M.M.); (L.M.); (S.A.); (D.M.); (S.D.)
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68
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Biological Activity of New Cichoric Acid-Metal Complexes in Bacterial Strains, Yeast-Like Fungi, and Human Cell Cultures In Vitro. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010154. [PMID: 31935840 PMCID: PMC7019225 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cichoric acid (CA) belongs to the group of polyphenols, which occurs in a variety of plant species and it is characterized by anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Selected polyphenols have the ability to combine with metal ions to form chelate complexes that reveal greater biological activity than free compounds. In order to study possible antimicrobial and anticancer effect of CA and its complexes with copper(II)/zinc(II)/nickel(II)/cobalt(II) we decided to conduct cytotoxicity tests to estimate the most effective concentrations of tested compounds. The results of the presented study demonstrated, for the first time, that the treatment with newly synthesized CA-metal complexes has anticancer and antimicrobial effects, which were examined in seven different cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines, A375 melanoma cell line, DLD-1 cell line, LN-229 cell line, FN cell line; five bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, yeast Sacchcaromyces boulardii, and pathogenic yeast-like fungi Candida albicans. The presented study indicates that CA-metal complexes could be considered as a potential supplementary tool in anticancer therapy, however, because of their possible toxic activity on fibroblasts, they should be used with caution. Some of the tested complexes have also preservative properties and positive influence on normal non-pathogenic microorganisms, which was demonstrated in selected microbial strains, therefore they may serve as food preservatives of natural origin with cytoprotective properties.
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69
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Antimicrobial activity of resveratrol-derived monomers and dimers against foodborne pathogens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19525. [PMID: 31862939 PMCID: PMC6925292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenolic compounds are considered a promising source for new antibacterial agents. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a collection of resveratrol-derived monomers and dimers screened as single molecules against a panel of nine foodborne pathogens. The results demonstrated that two monomers (i.e., pterostilbene 2 and (E)-3-hydroxy-4′,5-dimethoxystilbene 9) and three dimers (i.e., δ-viniferin 10, viniferifuran 14 and dehydro-δ-viniferin 15) were endowed with significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. The exposure of gram-positive foodborne pathogens to 100 µg/mL of 2, 9 and 15 induced severe cell membrane damage, resulting in the disruption of the phospholipid bilayer. The most promising dimeric compound, dehydro-δ-viniferin 15, was tested against Listeria monocytogenes, resulting in a loss of cultivability, viability and cell membrane potential. TEM analysis revealed grave morphological modifications on the cell membrane and leakage of intracellular content, confirming that the cell membrane was the principal biological target of the tested derivative.
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70
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Qian W, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang T, Liu M, Yang M, Sun Z, Li X, Li Y. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of paeoniflorin against carbapenem‐resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:401-413. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Qian
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - J. Zhang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - W. Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - T. Wang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - M. Liu
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - M. Yang
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - Z. Sun
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - X. Li
- Food Science and Bioengineering School Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an P. R. China
| | - Y. Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ningbo P. R. China
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71
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Walsh DJ, Livinghouse T, Goeres DM, Mettler M, Stewart PS. Antimicrobial Activity of Naturally Occurring Phenols and Derivatives Against Biofilm and Planktonic Bacteria. Front Chem 2019; 7:653. [PMID: 31632948 PMCID: PMC6779693 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria present formidable challenges across diverse settings, and there is a need for new antimicrobial agents that are both environmentally acceptable and relatively potent against microorganisms in the biofilm state. The antimicrobial activity of three naturally occurring, low molecular weight, phenols, and their derivatives were evaluated against planktonic and biofilm Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structure activity relationships of eugenol, thymol, carvacrol, and their corresponding 2- and 4-allyl, 2-methallyl, and 2- and 4-n-propyl derivatives were evaluated. Allyl derivatives showed a consistent increased potency with both killing and inhibiting planktonic cells but they exhibited a decrease in potency against biofilms. This result underscores the importance of using biofilm assays to develop structure-activity relationships when the end target is biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica J. Walsh
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Tom Livinghouse
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Darla M. Goeres
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Madelyn Mettler
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Philip S. Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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72
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Kowalczyk JE, Peng M, Pawlowski M, Lipzen A, Ng V, Singan V, Wang M, Grigoriev IV, Mäkelä MR. The White-Rot Basidiomycete Dichomitus squalens Shows Highly Specific Transcriptional Response to Lignocellulose-Related Aromatic Compounds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:229. [PMID: 31616664 PMCID: PMC6763618 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic plant biomass is an important feedstock for bio-based economy. In particular, it is an abundant renewable source of aromatic compounds, which are present as part of lignin, as side-groups of xylan and pectin, and in other forms, such as tannins. As filamentous fungi are the main organisms that modify and degrade lignocellulose, they have developed a versatile metabolism to convert the aromatic compounds that are toxic at relatively low concentrations to less toxic ones. During this process, fungi form metabolites some of which represent high-value platform chemicals or important chemical building blocks, such as benzoic, vanillic, and protocatechuic acid. Especially basidiomycete white-rot fungi with unique ability to degrade the recalcitrant lignin polymer are expected to perform highly efficient enzymatic conversions of aromatic compounds, thus having huge potential for biotechnological exploitation. However, the aromatic metabolism of basidiomycete fungi is poorly studied and knowledge on them is based on the combined results of studies in variety of species, leaving the overall picture in each organism unclear. Dichomitus squalens is an efficiently wood-degrading white-rot basidiomycete that produces a diverse set of extracellular enzymes targeted for lignocellulose degradation, including oxidative enzymes that act on lignin. Our recent study showed that several intra- and extracellular aromatic compounds were produced when D. squalens was cultivated on spruce wood, indicating also versatile aromatic metabolic abilities for this species. In order to provide the first molecular level systematic insight into the conversion of plant biomass derived aromatic compounds by basidiomycete fungi, we analyzed the transcriptomes of D. squalens when grown with 10 different lignocellulose-related aromatic monomers. Significant differences for example with respect to the expression of lignocellulose degradation related genes, but also putative genes encoding transporters and catabolic pathway genes were observed between the cultivations supplemented with the different aromatic compounds. The results demonstrate that the transcriptional response of D. squalens is highly dependent on the specific aromatic compounds present suggesting that instead of a common regulatory system, fine-tuned regulation is needed for aromatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mao Peng
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Megan Pawlowski
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Anna Lipzen
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Vivian Ng
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Vasanth Singan
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Mei Wang
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Rajasekar P, Palanisamy S, Anjali R, Vinosha M, Elakkiya M, Marudhupandi T, Tabarsa M, You S, Prabhu NM. Isolation and structural characterization of sulfated polysaccharide from Spirulina platensis and its bioactive potential: In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial activity and Zebrafish growth and reproductive performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:809-821. [PMID: 31499110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the sulfated polysaccharide (SPs) was isolated from Spirulina platensis. The isolated SPs contains carbohydrate, sulfate, protein and uronic acid at 38.7 ± 0.30%, 21.3 ± 0.87%, 7.1 ± 0.15% and 7.9 ± 0.4% respectively. The elemental analysis confirmed the presence of carbon (18.01 ± 0.10%), hydrogen (1.83 ± 0.02%) and nitrogen (3.43 ± 0.01%). The monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of SPs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and size exclusion chromatography respectively. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed the existence of glucose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose, mannose, galactose and the molecular weight of SPs was 1016 kDa. Further, the characterization of SPs was done by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. The obtained SPs exhibited potent antioxidant activity in DPPH (76.45 ± 0.49%), reducing power (absorbance: 1.3 ± 0.02), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (66.3 ± 1.16%), hydroxyl scavenging (68.6 ± 3.2%), nitric oxide (81.36 ± 1.85%) and total antioxidant (absorbance:1.66 ± 0.02) activities at 5 mg/ml. In addition, SPs revealed the highest antibacterial efficacy against the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio vulnificus in disc diffusion, agar bioassay and protein leakage assays at 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, the supplementation of 2% SPs through a feed to the Danio rerio fish enhances the growth and reproductive performances. This finding confirmed that the isolated SPs from S. platensis possess pharmaceutical as well as nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyannan Rajasekar
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Palanisamy
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravichandran Anjali
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manoharan Vinosha
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meyyanathan Elakkiya
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangapandi Marudhupandi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mehdi Tabarsa
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayanasamy Marimuthu Prabhu
- Disease Control and Prevention Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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74
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Neelam, Khatkar A, Sharma KK. Phenylpropanoids and its derivatives: biological activities and its role in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2655-2675. [PMID: 31456411 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1653822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids and their derivatives are plant secondary metabolites widely present in fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, beverages, spices and herbs. They are known to have multifaceted effects which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer activities and as well as exhibits renoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects. Owing to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and photoprotective properties, these compounds have wide application in the food (preservation, packaging films and edible coating), pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries such as textile (colorant), biofuel (antioxidant additive) and sensors (sensing biologically relevant molecules). Phenylpropanoids are present in commercially available dietary supplements and skin care products. In this review, we have presented the current knowledge on the biosynthesis, occurrence, biological activities of phenylpropanoids and their derivatives, along with the mechanism of action and their potential applications in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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75
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A selective membrane-targeting repurposed antibiotic with activity against persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16529-16534. [PMID: 31358625 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904700116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections is complicated by the development of antibiotic tolerance, a consequence of the ability of S. aureus to enter into a nongrowing, dormant state in which the organisms are referred to as persisters. We report that the clinically approved anthelmintic agent bithionol kills methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) persister cells, which correlates with its ability to disrupt the integrity of Gram-positive bacterial membranes. Critically, bithionol exhibits significant selectivity for bacterial compared with mammalian cell membranes. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that the selectivity of bithionol for bacterial membranes correlates with its ability to penetrate and embed in bacterial-mimic lipid bilayers, but not in cholesterol-rich mammalian-mimic lipid bilayers. In addition to causing rapid membrane permeabilization, the insertion of bithionol increases membrane fluidity. By using bithionol and nTZDpa (another membrane-active antimicrobial agent), as well as analogs of these compounds, we show that the activity of membrane-active compounds against MRSA persisters positively correlates with their ability to increase membrane fluidity, thereby establishing an accurate biophysical indicator for estimating antipersister potency. Finally, we demonstrate that, in combination with gentamicin, bithionol effectively reduces bacterial burdens in a mouse model of chronic deep-seated MRSA infection. This work highlights the potential repurposing of bithionol as an antipersister therapeutic agent.
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76
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Khameneh B, Iranshahy M, Soheili V, Fazly Bazzaz BS. Review on plant antimicrobials: a mechanistic viewpoint. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:118. [PMID: 31346459 PMCID: PMC6636059 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance to classical antibiotics and its rapid progression have raised serious concern in the treatment of infectious diseases. Recently, many studies have been directed towards finding promising solutions to overcome these problems. Phytochemicals have exerted potential antibacterial activities against sensitive and resistant pathogens via different mechanisms of action. In this review, we have summarized the main antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria and also discussed how phytochemicals belonging to different chemical classes could reverse the antibiotic resistance. Next to containing direct antimicrobial activities, some of them have exerted in vitro synergistic effects when being combined with conventional antibiotics. Considering these facts, it could be stated that phytochemicals represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potent antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Khameneh
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- 2Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,3Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- 3Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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77
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Antimicrobial Activity and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Saudi Arabian Ocimum basilicum Leaves Extracts. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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78
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Rajivgandhi G, Maruthupandy M, Quero F, Li WJ. Graphene/nickel oxide nanocomposites against isolated ESBL producing bacteria and A549 cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:829-843. [PMID: 31147055 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and graphene/nickel oxide nanocomposites (Gr/NiO NCs) was performed using a simple chemical reduction method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to examine the crystalline nature and thermal stability of the synthesized NiO NPs and Gr/NiO NCs, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to observe the morphology of NiO NPs and Gr/NiO NCs and estimate their size range. TEM suggested that the NiO NPs were speared onto the surface of Gr nanosheet. The efficiency of NiO NPs and Gr/NiO NCs against extended spectrum β-lacamase (ESBL) producing bacteria, which was confirmed by specific HEXA disc Hexa G-minus 24 (HX-096) and MIC strip methods (CLSI); namely Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was investigated using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. MIC results suggested that the NiO NPs and Gr/NiO NCs possess maximum growth inhibition of 86%, 82% and 94%, 92% at 50 and 30 μg/mL concentrations, respectively. Similarly, both nanomaterials were found to inhibit the β-lacamase enzyme at concentrations of 60 μg/mL and 40 μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity of NiO NPs and Gr/NiO NCs was quantified against A549 human lung cancer cells. Cell death percentage values of 52% at 50 μg/mL against NiO NPs and 54% at 20 μg/mL against Gr/NiO NCs were obtained, respectively. The NCs were found to reduce cell viability, increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modify both the mitochondrial membrane permeability and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindan Rajivgandhi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Muthuchamy Maruthupandy
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Franck Quero
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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79
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Cao J, Fu H, Gao L, Zheng Y. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of lactobionic acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:899-906. [PMID: 30993549 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a newly identified natural polyhydroxy acid that is widely used in the food industry. In this study, the antibacterial effects and underlying mechanism of action of LBA against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. LBA exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The Growth curves indicated that LBA directly inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Moreover, LBA induced the leakage of alkaline phosphatase and nucleotides in the culture medium, indicating damage to the integrity of the S. aureus cell wall membrane, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy observations. The relative electric conductivity measurements indicated that LBA changed the cell membrane permeability. The preservation effect of LBA was evaluated by quantifying the total number of colonies, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Overall, these results revealed that LBA exerts its antibacterial activity by breaking down the structure of the bacterial cell wall and membrane, thereby releasing the cellular contents as well as inhibiting protein synthesis, which ultimately lead to cell death. The total number of colonies, the TVB-N value, and the TBARS of cold fresh meat treated with preservatives were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). With these antibacterial characteristics, LBA has potential to be used as a safe food additive in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Hongjie Fu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China.
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80
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Yang SK, Yusoff K, Ajat M, Thomas W, Abushelaibi A, Akseer R, Lim SHE, Lai KS. Disruption of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae membrane via induction of oxidative stress by cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) essential oil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214326. [PMID: 30939149 PMCID: PMC6445408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) remains the most prevalent nosocomial pathogen and carries the carbapenemase (KPC) gene which confers resistance towards carbapenem. Thus, it is necessary to discover novel antimicrobials to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance in such pathogens. Natural products such as essential oils are a promising source due to their complex composition. Essential oils have been shown to be effective against pathogens, but the overall mechanisms have yet to be fully explained. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of essential oil towards KPC-KP cells would provide a deeper understanding of their potential use in clinical settings. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mode of action of essential oil against KPC-KP cells from a proteomic perspective by comparing the overall proteome profile of KPC-KP cells treated with cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) essential oil (CBO) at their sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.08% (v/v). A total of 384 proteins were successfully identified from the non-treated cells, whereas only 242 proteins were identified from the CBO-treated cells. Proteins were then categorized based on their biological processes, cellular components and molecular function prior to pathway analysis. Pathway analysis showed that CBO induced oxidative stress in the KPC-KP cells as indicated by the abundance of oxidative stress regulator proteins such as glycyl radical cofactor, catalase peroxidase and DNA mismatch repair protein. Oxidative stress is likely to oxidize and disrupt the bacterial membrane as shown by the loss of major membrane proteins. Several genes selected for qRT-PCR analysis validated the proteomic profile and were congruent with the proteomic abundance profiles. In conclusion, KPC-KP cells exposed to CBO undergo oxidative stress that eventually disrupts the bacterial membrane possibly via interaction with the phospholipid bilayer. Interestingly, several pathways involved in the bacterial membrane repair system were also affected by oxidative stress, contributing to the loss of cells viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Kai Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Warren Thomas
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aisha Abushelaibi
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riaz Akseer
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Swee-Hua Erin Lim
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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81
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George TK, Joy A, Divya K, Jisha MS. In vitro and in silico docking studies of antibacterial compounds derived from endophytic Penicillium setosum. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:87-97. [PMID: 30951817 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Occasionally, endophytic fungal species cognize as a hidden prospective source of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, a potent Penicillium setosum sp. nov. was explored for its detailed antibacterial action on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through different in vitro and in silico assays. Fluorescence based viability assay determined increase in the number of dead cells in course of time with the continual exposure of extract during a 4 h period. Scanning electron micrographs reflect the distinguishable morphological changes in treated cells, namely shortening of size, bubbles, and blisters on the surface of E. coli, as well as open holes and deep craters on the surface of S. aureus, ultimately leading to rupture of cells. Significant intracellular changes in bacteria were remarkably noticed through different membrane permeabilization assays. The rate of Na+ and K+ leakage with respect to time, intracellular material and cytoplasmic β-galactosidase release were measured spectroscopically. The results indisputably prove that membrane disruption of S. aureus cells occurs within 2 h and in E.coli occurs in between 2 and 4 h of exposure. Crude extract of P. setosum was fractioned using semi-preparative HPLC and the separated antibacterial active fraction showed antibacterial efficacy with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/mL against both organisms. Active fraction contains four well-known plant metabolite belongs to the polyphenolic group (Leucodelphinidin, dihydroquercetin, kaempferol, and quercetin) and one polyketide (patulin) familiar as fungal metabolite, identified through high resolution LC-MS. Interaction mechanisms of identified compounds with nine important antimicrobial drug targets showed highest binding affinity by leucodelphinidin followed by dihydroquercetin > kaempferol > quercetin. This is the first instance of using leucodelphinidin and dihydroquercetin for detailed interaction study with multiple targets, and it was found that they showed more effective interaction than quercetin, which was earlier utilized for antibacterial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijith K George
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Akhil Joy
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - K Divya
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - M S Jisha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
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82
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Sadowska B, Wójcik U, Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk J, Kowalczyk M, Stochmal A, Rywaniak J, Burzyńska J, Różalska B. The Pros and Cons of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Patient Use of Herbal Supplements Containing Pulmonaria officinalis L. Extract: the Evidence from an In Vitro Study on Staphylococcus aureus CF Clinical Isolates. Molecules 2019; 24:E1151. [PMID: 30909529 PMCID: PMC6471470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The justification for the use of herbal supplements with Pulmonaria officinalis L. extract (POE) in the case of staphylococcal lung colonization/infections characteristic for cystic fibrosis (CF), was examined in vitro. The impact of POE phenolic-rich fraction on the virulence attributes of CF-associated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical strains has been assessed, including pathogen adhesion, biofilm formation on native and protein-conditioned surfaces (mucin, elastin), mature biofilm eradication, staphylococcal protein A expression, α-toxin release, and S. a. adhesion to A549 cells. Cytotoxicity of the extract to lung epithelial cells was also investigated. It was found that POE has bacteriostatic effects at MIC 1⁻2 mg/mL, recognized as of limited efficacy, but at MIC/subMICs it targeted virulence not viability. It usually decreased S. aureus adhesion and less frequently inhibited biofilm formation on native and protein-conditioned surfaces. Observed effect seems to be related to significant reduction by POE of sortase A activity. However, in some cases POE favored the creation of biofilm by staphylococci and S. aureus adhesion to the lung epithelium was not limited. On the other side POE caused significant decrease of S. a. α-toxin synthesis and slightly weakened the expression of SpA. When used at supraMICs POE eradicated mature biofilm, but in some cases with unsatisfying outcomes. Promisingly, POE has been recognized as a safe product, with no cytotoxicity up to 4 mg/mL. These results reflect the positive, negative or neutral anti-staphylococcal properties of POE. It seems that POE may be beneficial as a prophylactic, but not as a therapeutic or supportive agent in the area of CF-integrative medicine. However, introduction the official recommendations needs further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sadowska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Urszula Wójcik
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Justyna Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rywaniak
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Julia Burzyńska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Barbara Różalska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
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83
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da Silva FAG, Alcaraz-Espinoza JJ, da Costa MM, de Oliveira HP. Low intensity electric field inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria via metal-free polymeric composite. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:827-837. [PMID: 30889757 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of pathogenic bacteria in medical implants and surfaces is a health-related problem that requires strong inhibition against bacterial growth and attachment. In this work, we have explored the enhancement in the antibacterial activity of metal free-based composites under external electric field. It affects the oxidation degree of polypyrrole-based electrodes and consequently the antibacterial activity of the material. A conductive layer of carbon nanotubes (graphite) was deposited on porous substrate of polyurethane (sandpaper) and covered by polypyrrole, providing highly conductive electrodes characterized by intrinsic antibacterial activity and reinforced by electro-enhanced effect due to the external electric field. The bacterial inhibition of composites was monitored from counting of viable cells at different voltage/time of treatment and determination of biofilm inhibition on electrodes and reactors. The external voltage on electrodes reduces the threshold time for complete bacterial inactivation of PPy-based composites to values in order of 30 min for Staphylococcus aureus and 60 min for Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A G da Silva
- Institute of Materials Science, Federal University of Sao Francisco Valley, 48920-310 Juazeiro, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus M da Costa
- Institute of Materials Science, Federal University of Sao Francisco Valley, 48920-310 Juazeiro, BA, Brazil
| | - Helinando P de Oliveira
- Institute of Materials Science, Federal University of Sao Francisco Valley, 48920-310 Juazeiro, BA, Brazil.
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84
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Wu YP, Liu XY, Bai JR, Xie HC, Ye SL, Zhong K, Huang YN, Gao H. Inhibitory effect of a natural phenolic compound, 3-p-trans-coumaroyl-2-hydroxyquinic acid against the attachment phase of biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus through targeting sortase A. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32453-32461. [PMID: 35529766 PMCID: PMC9073164 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05883d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3-p-trans-Coumaroyl-2-hydroxyquinic acid (CHQA), a natural phenolic compound, prevented Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation due to the inhibition of the initial attachment stage of biofilm development by targeting sortase A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jin-Rong Bai
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hong-Chen Xie
- Department of Public Health
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Liang Ye
- College of Animal Science
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130062
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yi-Na Huang
- Department of Public Health
- West China Medical School of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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85
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The antimicrobial activities and action-mechanism of tea tree oil against food-borne bacteria in fresh cucumber juice. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:262-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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86
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Al-Tohamy R, Ali SS, Saad-Allah K, Fareed M, Ali A, El-Badry A, El-Zawawy NA, Wu J, Sun J, Mao GH, Rupani PF. Phytochemical analysis and assessment of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plant species from Egyptian flora. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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87
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Shin B, Park W. Zoonotic Diseases and Phytochemical Medicines for Microbial Infections in Veterinary Science: Current State and Future Perspective. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:166. [PMID: 30140679 PMCID: PMC6095004 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by bacterial infections in small-scale and industrial livestock are becoming serious global health concern in veterinary science. Zoonotic bacteria, including Staphylococcus, Campylobacter, and Bartonella species, that infect animals and humans cause various illnesses, such as fever, diarrhea, and related complications. Bacterial diseases in animals can be treated with various classes of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. However, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to drug resistance in infectious agents, e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus; this hampers the treatment of infections in livestock, and such problems are increasing worldwide. Dietary phytochemicals and herbal medicines are useful and viable alternatives to pharmaceuticals because they are economical, effective, non-resistance-forming, renewable, and environmentally friendly. They are small molecules with high structural diversity that cause selective stress to or stimulation of resident microbiota, consequently causing an abundance of such microorganisms; thus, they can be used in preventing various diseases, ranging from metabolic and inflammatory diseases to cancer. In addition, the antioxidant effects of phytochemicals prevent substantial losses in the livestock industry by increasing animal fertility and preventing diseases. Potentially effective plant extracts could be used in combination with antibiotics to decrease the required dose of antibiotics and increase their effectiveness. This strategy can help avoid the side effects of chemical antimicrobials and allow the effective use of phytochemicals for treating diseases. Furthermore, phytochemicals are considered as potential alternatives to antibiotics because of their economical, non-resistance-forming and environmentally friendly properties. Flavonoids such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and phenols such as galangin, puerarin, and ursolic acid are proven to be effective as antimicrobial agents. This review provides invaluable information about the types of microbial infections in animals and the current knowledge on phytotherapeutic agents classified by their mode of actions. It also provides insights into potential strategies for effectively treating animal infections using phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Wu Y, Bai J, Liu X, Liu L, Zhong K, Huang Y, Gao H. Antibacterial effect of 3-p-trans-coumaroyl-2-hydroxyquinic acid, a phenolic compound from needles ofCedrus deodara, on cellular functions ofStaphylococcus aureus. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4969-4975. [PMID: 35539522 PMCID: PMC9077780 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13457f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure–activity relationship of 3-p-trans-coumaroyl-2-hydroxyquinic acid, a phenolic compound from needles ofCedrus deodara, againstStaphylococcus aureusand its effect on the cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Department of Food Science and Technology
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lijin Liu
- Department of Public Health
- West China Medical School
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Department of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yina Huang
- Department of Public Health
- West China Medical School
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Hong Gao
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- Department of Food Science and Technology
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89
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Chandar B, Poovitha S, Ilango K, MohanKumar R, Parani M. Inhibition of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase 1 (NDM-1) Producing Escherichia coli IR-6 by Selected Plant Extracts and Their Synergistic Actions with Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1580. [PMID: 28878746 PMCID: PMC5572277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improper use of antibiotics has led to a great concern in the development of pathogenic microbial resistance. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) producing bacteria are resistant to most of the β-lactam antibiotics, and so far, no new compounds have been clinically tested against these bacteria. In this study, ethanol extracts from the leaves of 240 medicinal plant species were screened for antibacterial activity against an NDM-1 Escherichia coli strain. The extracts that showed antibacterial activity were then tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and zones of inhibition. The extract from Combretum albidum G. Don, Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern, Hibiscus cannabinus L., Hibiscus furcatus Willd., Punica granatum L., and Tamarindus indica L. showed bactericidal activity between 5 and 15 mg/ml and the MIC was between 2.56 and 5.12 mg/ml. All six plant extracts inhibited activity of the NDM-1 enzyme in vitro, and the IC50 value ranged between 0.50 and 1.2 ng/μl. Disruption of bacterial cell wall integrity by the plant extracts was clearly visible with scanning electron microscopy. Increases in membrane permeability caused 79.4–89.7% bacterial cell deaths as investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. All the plant extracts showed synergistic effects when combined with colistin [fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) = 0.125–0.375], meropenem (ΣFIC = 0.09–0.313), and tetracycline (ΣFIC = 0.125–0.313). Thus, the plant extracts can be fractionated for the identification of active compounds, which could be used as new antibacterial compounds for the development of drugs against NDM-1 E. coli in addition to their use in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinda Chandar
- Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM UniversityKattankulathur, India
| | - Sundar Poovitha
- Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM UniversityKattankulathur, India
| | - Kaliappan Ilango
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM UniversityKattankulathur, India
| | - Ramasamy MohanKumar
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM UniversityKattankulathur, India
| | - Madasamy Parani
- Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM UniversityKattankulathur, India
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90
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Pinus densiflora needle supercritical fluid extract suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators iNOS, IL-6 and IL-1β, and activation of inflammatory STAT1 and STAT3 signaling proteins in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-challenged murine macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 25:18. [PMID: 28778215 PMCID: PMC5544993 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-017-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Regulation of a persistently-activated inflammatory response in macrophages is an important target for treatment of various chronic diseases. Pine needle extracts are well known to have potent immunomodulatory effects. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of Pinus densiflora needle supercritical fluid extract (PDN-SCFE) on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Methods Cytotoxic effect of PDN-SCFE was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and the corresponding enzyme, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were quantified by Griess and immunoblotting methods, respectively. The levels of cytokines were quantified using commercial ELISA kits. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to assess the mRNA expression of iNOS and cytokines. To elucidate the mechanism of action, the involvement of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NFκB), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways were examined by an immunoblotting method. In addition, the cellular localization of NFκB was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Results MTT assay results indicated that PDN-SCFE is non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells up to a maximum assayed concentration of 40 μg/mL. The PDN-SCFE exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production by down regulating the expression of iNOS. In addition, the extract suppressed the LPS-induced expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) but not tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Mechanistic studies revealed that PDN-SCFE does not influence the NFκB and MAPK pathways. However, it showed a significant inhibitory effect on LPS-induced activation of STAT1 and STAT3 proteins in macrophages. Conclusion The present findings revealed that the anti-inflammatory activity of PDN-SCFE in LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 macrophages is probably caused by the suppression of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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91
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Prescott TAK, Homot P, Lundy FT, Fang R, Patrick S, Cámara-Leret R, Kiapranis R. Tropical ulcer plant treatments used by Papua New Guinea's Apsokok nomads. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 205:240-245. [PMID: 28478094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The tropical ulcer is a debilitating bacterial infection that is common in Papua New Guinea. Deploying healthcare infrastructure to remote and inaccessible rainforest locations is not practical, therefore local plants may be the best treatment option. Here we present an ethnobotanical survey of the tropical ulcer plant medicines used by the semi-nomadic Apsokok who roam the remote central mountains of Papua New Guinea's West New Britain Province. In vitro biological activity in assays relevant to tropical ulcer wound healing is also presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were used to acquire information on the uses of plants, vouchers of which were identified by comparison with authentic herbarium specimens. Antibacterial disc diffusion assays with Staphylococcus aureus and Fusobacterium ulcerans, MMP-9 enzyme inhibition and dermal fibroblast stimulation assays were carried out on plant saps and aqueous extracts of plant material. LC-MS was used to identify known plant metabolites. RESULTS The ethnobotanical survey identified sixteen species that were used to treat tropical ulcers, all of which were applied topically. A subset of twelve species were investigated further in vitro. Four species produced zones of inhibition with S. aureus, all 12 species provided low level inhibition of MMP-9 and 8 species stimulated dermal fibroblast proliferation, although cytotoxicity occurred at higher concentrations. The extract of Homalium foetidum Benth. inhibited S. aureus and MMP-9 while at lower sub-cytotoxic concentrations stimulated fibroblast proliferation. Trans-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid cis-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid were detected in the aqueous extract of H. foetidum. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of plant saps to wounds results in very high localised concentrations of plant metabolites which is likely to result in inhibition of MMP proteases. H. foetidum is a candidate plant for tropical ulcer treatment in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Homot
- Papua New Guinea Forest Research Institute, Lae, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Rui Fang
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK.
| | - Sheila Patrick
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | | | - Robert Kiapranis
- Papua New Guinea Forest Research Institute, Lae, Papua New Guinea.
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