51
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Lima EMB, Middea A, Neumann R, Thiré RMDSM, Pereira JF, Freitas SC, Penteado MS, Lima AM, Minguita APDS, Mattos MDC, Teixeira ADS, Pereira ICS, Rojas dos Santos NR, Marconcini JM, Oliveira RN, Corrêa AC. Biocomposites of PLA and Mango Seed Waste: Potential Material for Food Packaging and a Technological Alternative to Reduce Environmental Impact. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edla Maria Bezerra Lima
- EMBRAPA Food Technology Av. das Américas, 29501 – Guaratiba Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 23020‐470 Brazil
| | - Antonieta Middea
- Centre for Mineral Technology (CETEM) Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941‐908 Brazil
| | - Reiner Neumann
- Centre for Mineral Technology (CETEM) Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941‐908 Brazil
| | - Rossana Mara da Silva Moreira Thiré
- Program of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (PEMM)/COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Technology Center, Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941‐598 Brazil
| | - Jéssica Fernandes Pereira
- EMBRAPA Food Technology Av. das Américas, 29501 – Guaratiba Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 23020‐470 Brazil
| | - Sidinea Cordeiro Freitas
- EMBRAPA Food Technology Av. das Américas, 29501 – Guaratiba Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 23020‐470 Brazil
| | - Marília Stephan Penteado
- EMBRAPA Food Technology Av. das Américas, 29501 – Guaratiba Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 23020‐470 Brazil
| | - Aline Muniz Lima
- EMBRAPA Food Technology Av. das Américas, 29501 – Guaratiba Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 23020‐470 Brazil
| | | | - Mariana da Costa Mattos
- EMBRAPA Food Technology Av. das Américas, 29501 – Guaratiba Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 23020‐470 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Manoel Marconcini
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA) EMBRAPA Instrumentation São Carlos São Paulo 13560‐970 ‐ PO Box 741 Brazil
| | - Renata Nunes Oliveira
- Post Graduation Program of Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Rod. BR 465, Km 07, s/n – Zona Rural Seropédica Rio de Janeiro 23890‐000 Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Corrêa
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA) EMBRAPA Instrumentation São Carlos São Paulo 13560‐970 ‐ PO Box 741 Brazil
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar) Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235 São Carlos São Paulo 13565‐905 Brazil
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52
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Baptista R, Pereira MFC, Maurício A, Rechena D, Infante V, Guedes M. Experimental and numerical characterization of 3D-printed scaffolds under monotonic compression with the aid of micro-CT volume reconstruction. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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53
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Oksiuta Z, Jalbrzykowski M, Mystkowska J, Romanczuk E, Osiecki T. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactide (PLA) Composites Modified with Mg, Fe, and Polyethylene (PE) Additives. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122939. [PMID: 33316956 PMCID: PMC7763237 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, polylactic acid-based composites reinforced with 5% of polyethylene, iron, and magnesium powders were prepared by extrusion and compressed under the pressure of about 10 MPa and characterized. These composites were mechanically, thermally, and morphologically evaluated. It was found, compared to the pure polylactic acid (PLA), an improvement in tensile strength (both σ and YS0.2) was obtained for the composite with the iron powder addition, while the magnesium powder slightly improved the ductility of the composite material (from 2.0 to 2.5%). Degradation studies of these composites in the 0.9% saline solution over a period of 180 days revealed changes in the pH of the solution from acidic to alkaline, in all samples. The most varied mass loss was observed in the case of the PLA-5%Mg sample, where initially the sample mass increased (first 30 days) then decreased, and after 120 days, the mass increased again. In the context of degradation phenomenon of the tested materials, it turns out that the most stable is the PLA composite with the Fe addition (PLA-5%Fe), with highest tensile strength and hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Oksiuta
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.J.); (J.M.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Jalbrzykowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.J.); (J.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.J.); (J.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Eliza Romanczuk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.J.); (J.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Tomasz Osiecki
- Institute of Lightweight Structures and Polymer Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 31-33, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;
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54
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Fabrication of tissue-engineered tympanic membrane patches using 3D-Printing technology. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104219. [PMID: 33302170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, scaffolds produced in 3D printing technology have become more widespread tool due to providing more advantages than traditional methods in tissue engineering applications. In this research, it was aimed to produce patches for the treatment of tympanic membrane perforations which caused significant hearing loss by using 3D printing method. Polylactic acid(PLA) scaffolds with Chitosan(CS) and Sodium Alginate(SA) added in various ratios were prepared for artificial eardrum patches. Different amounts of chitosan and sodium alginate added to PLA increased the biocompatibility of the produced scaffolds. The created patches were designed by mimicking the thickness of the natural tympanic membrane thanks to the precision provided by the 3D printed method. The produced scaffolds were analyzed separately for chemical, morphological, mechanical and biocompatibility properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was performed to observe the surface morphology and chemical structure of the scaffolds. Mechanical, thermal and physical properties, swelling and degradation behaviors were examined to fully analyze whole characteristic features of the samples. Cell culture study was also performed to demonstrate the biocompatibility properties of the fabricated scaffolds with human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs). 15 wt % PLA was selected as the control group and among all concentrations of CS and SA, groups containing 3 wt% CS and 3 wt% SA showed significantly superior and favorable features in printing quality. The research continued with these two scaffolds (3 wt% CS, and 3 wt% SA), which showed improved print quality when added to PLA. Overall, these results show that PLA/CS and PLA/SA 3D printed artificial patches have the potential to tissue engineering solutions to repair tympanic membrane perforation for people with hearing loss.
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55
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Baptista R, Guedes M, Pereira M, Maurício A, Carrelo H, Cidade T. On the effect of design and fabrication parameters on mechanical performance of 3D printed PLA scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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56
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Solid-State Compounding for Recycling of Sawdust Waste into Green Packaging Composites. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explores solid-state cryomilling for the compounding of green composites. Herein, wood plastic composites (WPCs) composed of sawdust (SD) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with various compositions were prepared. Two compounding techniques, namely, extrusion and cryomilling, were utilized to prepare WPC raw material pellets and powders, respectively, for comparison purposes. Flat pressing was further utilized to prepare WPC films for testing. Morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, and surface wettability properties were investigated. Results indicate the advantages of cryomilling in producing WPCs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with optical micrographs revealed well ground SD particles and uniform distribution in the PCL matrix. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites declined with increasing SD content, however, the modulus of elasticity significantly increased. Water contact angles averaged less than 90°, implying partial wetting. Visual observations and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated thermal stability of composites during processing. In conclusion, PCL/SD WPC is a potential candidate to replace conventional plastics for packaging applications. This would also provide a much better utilization of the currently undervalued wood waste resources.
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57
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Fenni SE, Bertella F, Monticelli O, Müller AJ, Hadadoui N, Cavallo D. Renewable and Tough Poly(l-lactic acid)/Polyurethane Blends Prepared by Dynamic Vulcanization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26421-26430. [PMID: 33110970 PMCID: PMC7581077 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melt blending of homopolymers is an effective way to achieve an attractive combination of polymer properties. Dynamic vulcanization of fatty-acid-based polyester polyol with glycerol and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) in the presence of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was performed with the aim of toughening PLLA. The dynamic vulcanization in an internal mixer led to the formation of a PLLA/PU biobased blend. Melt torque, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and gel fraction analysis demonstrated the successful formation of cross-linked polyurethane (PU) inside the PLLA matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the PLLA/PU blends exhibit a sea-island morphology. Gel fraction analysis revealed that a rubbery phase was formed inside the PLLA matrix, which was insoluble in chloroform. FTIR analysis of the insoluble part shows the appearance of an absorption band centered at 1758 cm-1, related to the crystalline carbonyl vibration of the PLLA component, thus suggesting the partial involvement of PLLA chains in the cross-linking reaction. The overall content of the PU phase in the blends significantly affected the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and crystallization behavior of the materials. The overall crystallization rate of PLLA was noticeably decreased by the incorporation of PU. At the same time, polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM) analysis revealed that the presence of the PU rubbery phase inside the PLLA matrix promoted PLLA nucleation. With the formation of the PU network, the impact strength showed a remarkable increase while Young's modulus correspondingly decreased. The blends showed slightly reduced thermal stability compared to the neat PLLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif Eddine Fenni
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of High Polymers (LPCHP), Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Francesca Bertella
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal,
3, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastiá, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nacerddine Hadadoui
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of High Polymers (LPCHP), Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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58
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Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers (2017-2019). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102386. [PMID: 33081342 PMCID: PMC7602994 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Now, we have over 1000 papers in the field of “Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers”, one section of Polymers (Basel). This is one of the largest sections in Polymers, including issues on biomacromolecules, biobased polymers, and biodegradable polymers for applications with environmentally benign materials, biomedical materials and so on. These applications are attracting attention day by day as there exist a lot of problems regarding environmental and biomedical issues. Here I reviewed papers published in this section between 2017 and 2019 and introduce prominent papers, analyzing the numbers of citations (times cited).
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59
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The Effect of Dye and Pigment Concentrations on the Diameter of Melt-Electrospun Polylactic Acid Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102321. [PMID: 33050563 PMCID: PMC7599908 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-microfibers and nanofibers produce more breathable fabrics than coarse fibers and are therefore widely used in the textiles industry. They are prepared by electrospinning using a polymer solution or melt. Solution electrospinning produces finer fibers but requires toxic solvents. Melt electrospinning is more environmentally friendly, but is also technically challenging due to the low electrical conductivity and high viscosity of the polymer melt. Here we describe the use of colorants as additives to improve the electrical conductivity of polylactic acid (PLA). The addition of colorants increased the viscosity of the melt by >100%, but reduced the electrical resistance by >80% compared to pure PLA (5 GΩ). The lowest electrical resistance of 50 MΩ was achieved using a composite containing 3% (w/w) indigo. However, the thinnest fibers (52.5 µm, 53% thinner than pure PLA fibers) were obtained by adding 1% (w/w) alizarin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that fibers containing indigo featured polymer aggregates that inhibited electrical conductivity, and thus increased the fiber diameter. With further improvements to avoid aggregation, the proposed melt electrospinning process could complement or even replace industrial solution electrospinning and dyeing.
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60
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Baptista R, Guedes M. Morphological and mechanical characterization of 3D printed PLA scaffolds with controlled porosity for trabecular bone tissue replacement. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111528. [PMID: 33255081 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone transplant is still the gold standard approach when dealing with orthopedic trauma or disease. When this solution is not possible, scaffolding is a possibility provided by bone tissue engineering. To support the regeneration process, damaged bone tissue is removed and replaced by porous scaffold structures. In recent years, additive manufacturing has shown huge potential to produce scaffold structures with the required performance. In the current work, PLA scaffolds with different designs were 3D printed, using optimal manufacturing parameters. Scaffolds with three different porosity values were obtained by changing the filament offset from 571 to 1333 μm. A total of twelve designs were tested under monotonic and dynamic compression conditions. Numerical analysis showed good correlation with experimental results, allowing for a better assessment of scaffold mechanical behavior. Stress relaxation was measured on four different strain levels, assessing scaffold's behavior after implantation and consequent static response over time. Overall, orthogonal design provided better performance, due to improved material deposition. With lower porosity scaffolds equilibrium stress reached 24 MPa after 300 s relaxation time under 4% deformation, and the obtained equilibrium modulus was 428 MPa. Overall, attained results show that 3D printing with PLA can be applied in the manufacture of scaffolds for trabecular bone replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baptista
- CDP2T, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Guedes
- CDP2T, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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61
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Cam ME, Hazar-Yavuz AN, Cesur S, Ozkan O, Alenezi H, Turkoglu Sasmazel H, Sayip Eroglu M, Brako F, Ahmed J, Kabasakal L, Ren G, Gunduz O, Edirisinghe M. A novel treatment strategy for preterm birth: Intra-vaginal progesterone-loaded fibrous patches. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119782. [PMID: 32822780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone-loaded poly(lactic) acid fibrous polymeric patches were produced using electrospinning and pressurized gyration for intra-vaginal application to prevent preterm birth. The patches were intravaginally inserted into rats in the final week of their pregnancy, equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy. Maintenance tocolysis with progesterone-loaded patches was elucidated by recording the contractile response of uterine smooth muscle to noradrenaline in pregnant rats. Both progesterone-loaded patches indicated similar results from release and thermal studies, however, patches obtained by electrospinning had smaller average diameters and more uniform dispersion compared to pressurized gyration. Patches obtained by pressurized gyration had better results in production yield and tensile strength than electrospinning; thereby pressurized gyration is better suited for scaled-up production. The patches did not affect cell attachment, viability, and proliferation on Vero cells negatively. Consequently, progesterone-loaded patches are a novel and successful treatment strategy for preventing preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Emin Cam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Nur Hazar-Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Cesur
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Ozan Ozkan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atilim University, 06836 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hussain Alenezi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; Department of Manufacturing Engineering, College of Technological Studies, PAAET, 13092 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atilim University, 06836 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sayip Eroglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Marmara University, Faculty of Engineering, Goztepe Campus, 34722 Kadikoy/Istanbul, Turkey; TUBITAK-UME, Chemistry Group Laboratories, 41470 Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Francis Brako
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jubair Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Levent Kabasakal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Guogang Ren
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Division, School of Engineering and Technology, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
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62
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Study on Thermal Behavior of Some Biocompatible and Biodegradable Materials Based on Plasticized PLA, Chitosan, and Rosemary Ethanolic Extract. INT J POLYM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4269792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal characterization of some multifunctional environmentally friendly materials based on plasticized poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/chitosan (CS) and rosemary extract (R) previously obtained is presented. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) associated with other complex investigations such as chemiluminescence and coupled thermogravimetry (TG)/Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)/mass spectroscopy (MS) was performed in order to test both the thermal behavior and the biocomposition–property relationship. It was established that the rosemary ethanolic extract offers an efficient protection against thermoxidative degradation to the new developed plasticized PLA-based biocomposites which show good thermal properties, being suitable for both medical and food packaging applications.
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63
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Van de Voorde KM, Pokorski JK, Korley LTJ. Exploring Morphological Effects on the Mechanics of Blended Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Extruded Fibers Fabricated Using Multilayer Coextrusion. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris M. Van de Voorde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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64
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Investigation of long-term ageing effect on the thermal properties of chicken feather fibre/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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65
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Wang Q, Ji C, Sun L, Sun J, Liu J. Cellulose Nanofibrils Filled Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposite Filament for FDM 3D Printing. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102319. [PMID: 32429191 PMCID: PMC7287905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As direct digital manufacturing, 3D printing (3DP) technology provides new development directions and opportunities for the high-value utilization of a wide range of biological materials. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposite filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3DP were developed in this study. Firstly, CNF was isolated by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with high-pressure homogenization. CNF/PLA filaments were then prepared by melt-extrusion of PLA as the matrix and CNF as the filler. Thermal stability, mechanical performance, and water absorption property of biocomposite filaments and 3D-printed objects were analyzed. Findings showed that CNF increased the thermal stability of the PLA/PEG600/CNF composite. Compared to unfilled PLA FDM filaments, the CNF filled PLA biocomposite filament showed an increase of 33% in tensile strength and 19% in elongation at break, suggesting better compatibility for desktop FDM 3DP. This study provided a new potential for the high-value utilization of CNF in 3DP in consumer product applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.W.); (C.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Chencheng Ji
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.W.); (C.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Lushan Sun
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.W.); (C.J.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.W.); (C.J.); (J.L.)
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66
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Sikora J, Majewski Ł, Puszka A. Modern Biodegradable Plastics-Processing and Properties: Part I. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1986. [PMID: 32344558 PMCID: PMC7215468 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a characterization of a plastic extrusion process and the selected properties of three biodegradable plastic types, in comparison with LDPE (low-density polyethylene). The four plastics include: LDPE, commercial name Malen E FABS 23-D022; potato starch based plastic (TPS-P), BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C), BioComp®BF 01HP; and a polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA), BioComp®BF 7210. Plastic films with determined geometric parameters (thickness of the foil layer and width of the flattened foil sleeve) were produced from these materials (at individually defined processing temperatures), using blown film extrusion, by applying different extrusion screw speeds. The produced plastic films were tested to determine the geometrical features, MFR (melt flow rate), blow-up ratio, draw down ratio, mass flow rate, and exit velocity. The tests were complemented by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and chemical structure analysis. It was found that the biodegradable films were extruded at higher rate and mass flow rate than LDPE; the lowest thermal stability was ascertained for the film samples extruded from TPS-C and TPS-P, and that all tested biodegradable plastics contained polyethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Sikora
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Puszka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, ul. Gliniana 33, 20-614 Lublin, Poland;
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Raj A, Prashantha K, Samuel C. Compatibility in biobased poly(L‐lactide)/polyamide binary blends: From melt‐state interfacial tensions to (thermo)mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Raj
- Département Technologie des Polymères et Composites & Ingénierie Mécanique (TPCIM)Ecole Nationale Supérieure Mines Telecom Lille Douai, Institut Mines Telecom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai) 941 rue Charles Bourseul, Douai, F‐59508 France
- Université de Lille Lille F‐59000 France
| | - Kalappa Prashantha
- Département Technologie des Polymères et Composites & Ingénierie Mécanique (TPCIM)Ecole Nationale Supérieure Mines Telecom Lille Douai, Institut Mines Telecom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai) 941 rue Charles Bourseul, Douai, F‐59508 France
- Université de Lille Lille F‐59000 France
| | - Cédric Samuel
- Département Technologie des Polymères et Composites & Ingénierie Mécanique (TPCIM)Ecole Nationale Supérieure Mines Telecom Lille Douai, Institut Mines Telecom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai) 941 rue Charles Bourseul, Douai, F‐59508 France
- Université de Lille Lille F‐59000 France
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Koenig K, Balakrishnan N, Hermanns S, Langensiepen F, Seide G. Biobased Dyes as Conductive Additives to Reduce the Diameter of Polylactic Acid Fibers during Melt Electrospinning. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051055. [PMID: 32120806 PMCID: PMC7084231 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is widely used for the manufacture of fibers in the low-micrometer to nanometer range, allowing the fabrication of flexible materials with a high surface area. A distinction is made between solution and melt electrospinning. The former produces thinner fibers but requires hazardous solvents; whereas the latter is more environmentally sustainable because solvents are not required. However, the viscous melt requires high process temperatures and its low conductivity leads to thicker fibers. Here, we describe the first use of the biobased dyes alizarin; hematoxylin and quercetin as conductive additives to reduce the diameter of polylactic acid (PLA) fibers produced by melt electrospinning; combined with a biobased plasticizer to reduce the melt viscosity. The formation of a Taylor cone followed by continuous fiber deposition was observed for all PLA compounds; reducing the fiber diameter by up to 77% compared to pure PLA. The smallest average fiber diameter of 16.04 µm was achieved by adding 2% (w/w) hematoxylin. Comparative analysis revealed that the melt-electrospun fibers had a low degree of crystallinity compared to drawn filament controls—resembling partially oriented filaments. Our results form the basis of an economical and environmentally friendly process that could ultimately, provide an alternative to industrial solution electrospinning
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Akhoundi B, Nabipour M, Hajami F, Shakoori D. An Experimental Study of Nozzle Temperature and Heat Treatment (Annealing) Effects on Mechanical Properties of High‐Temperature Polylactic Acid in Fused Deposition Modeling. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Akhoundi
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringTarbiat Modares University Tehran 14115‐143 Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nabipour
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringTarbiat Modares University Tehran 14115‐143 Iran
| | - Faramarz Hajami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of MechatronicsKaraj Branch, Islamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| | - Diana Shakoori
- Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics EngineeringQazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University Qazvin Iran
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70
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Appraisal of ε‐Caprolactam and Trimellitic Anhydride Potential as Novel Chain Extenders for Poly(lactic acid). POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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71
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Kumar A, Patham B, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Polypropylene–nano‐silica nanocomposite foams: mechanisms underlying foamability, and foam microstructure, crystallinity and mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kumar
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
| | | | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM‐CIPET) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Nayak
- Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) Chennai India
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72
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Karakoç A, Rastogi VK, Isoaho T, Tardy B, Paltakari J, Rojas OJ. Comparative Screening of the Structural and Thermomechanical Properties of FDM Filaments Comprising Thermoplastics Loaded with Cellulose, Carbon and Glass Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E422. [PMID: 31963245 PMCID: PMC7014061 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has been rapidly growing for a decade in both consumer and industrial products. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing methods, owes its popularity to cost effectiveness in material and equipment investment. Current efforts are aimed toward high load-bearing capacity at low material costs. However, the mechanical reliability of end-products derived from these compositions and their dependence on microstructural effects, have remained as major limitations. This is mainly owing to the unknown mechanics of the materials, including the reinforcing or filler components and their interphase/interface compatibility. For this reason, here we investigate the most relevant commercial polymeric materials used in composite filaments, associated phases and the characterization protocols that can guide component selection, screening and troubleshooting. We first present thermal analyses (thermogravimetric, TGA and differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) in relation to the constituent fractions and identify the type of polymer for uses in filaments production. The influence of various fillers is unveiled in terms of the crystallization behavior of derived 3D-printed parts. To understand the microstructural effects on the material strength, we carry out a series of tensile experiments on 3-D printed dog-bone shaped specimens following ISO standards. Simultaneously, real-time thermal energy dissipation and damage analyses are applied by using infrared measurements at fast frame rates (200 Hz) and high thermal resolution (50 mK). The failure regions of each specimen are examined via optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The results are used to reveal new insights into the size, morphology and distribution of the constituents and interphases of polymer filaments for FDM. The present study represents advancement in the field of composite filament fabrication, with potential impact in the market of additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Karakoç
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Vibhore K. Rastogi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Tapani Isoaho
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Blaise Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Jouni Paltakari
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland; (A.K.); (T.I.); (B.T.); (J.P.); (O.J.R.)
- Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and, Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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73
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Lascano D, Moraga G, Ivorra-Martinez J, Rojas-Lema S, Torres-Giner S, Balart R, Boronat T, Quiles-Carrillo L. Development of Injection-Molded Polylactide Pieces with High Toughness by the Addition of Lactic Acid Oligomer and Characterization of Their Shape Memory Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2099. [PMID: 31847359 PMCID: PMC6960981 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the effect of the addition of an oligomer of lactic acid (OLA), in the 5-20 wt% range, on the processing and properties of polylactide (PLA) pieces prepared by injection molding. The obtained results suggested that the here-tested OLA mainly performs as an impact modifier for PLA, showing a percentage increase in the impact strength of approximately 171% for the injection-molded pieces containing 15 wt% OLA. A slight plasticization was observed by the decrease of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA of up to 12.5 °C. The OLA addition also promoted a reduction of the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) of more than 10 °C due to an increased motion of the biopolymer chains and the potential nucleating effect of the short oligomer chains. Moreover, the shape memory behavior of the PLA samples was characterized by flexural tests with different deformation angles, that is, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. The obtained results confirmed the extraordinary effect of OLA on the shape memory recovery (Rr) of PLA, which increased linearly as the OLA loading increased. In particular, the OLA-containing PLA samples were able to successfully recover over 95% of their original shape for low deformation angles, while they still reached nearly 70% of recovery for the highest angles. Therefore, the present OLA can be successfully used as a novel additive to improve the toughness and shape memory behavior of compostable packaging articles based on PLA in the new frame of the Circular Economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lascano
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 17-01-2759 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Giovanni Moraga
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Sandra Rojas-Lema
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 17-01-2759 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Rafael Balart
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Teodomiro Boronat
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (D.L.); (G.M.); (J.I.-M.); (S.R.-L.); (R.B.); (T.B.); (L.Q.-C.)
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74
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Rheological and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Abutilon Natural Straw and Polylactic Acid Biocomposites. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8732520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, natural fibers have become attractive materials to engineers, scientists, and researchers as an alternative reinforcement for biocomposites. In this study, polylactic acid/abutilon natural straw biocomposites with various abutilon straw weight fractions were prepared by melt blending. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results showed a significant influence of the abutilon straw on the melting behavior of PLA, even at the low abutilon straw contents. The dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated that the storage modulus, as well as tan delta of the biocomposites, increased when the abutilon straw content increases, which indicates better interaction between abutilon natural straw and PLA. The incorporation of abutilon straw into biocomposites provided favorable changes in rheology related to the matrix. SEM observation revealed good dispersion of the abutilon straw in PLA.
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75
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Development of PLA/EVA Reactive Blends for Heat-Shrinkable Film. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121925. [PMID: 31766699 PMCID: PMC6961007 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shrinkable films have widely been used for various applications such as shrinkable labels and cap seals. These plastics have generally a short life. The biodegradable polymers can thus be an ideal candidate for such applications. This work aimed to study the stretching and shrinking ratio of poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate through reactive blends system for heat-shrinkable films application. The reactive agents, Joncryl® and Perkadox were used as in situ compatibilizers. PLA/EVA with 100/0, 97/3, 95/5, 93/7, and 90/10 ratios were prepared in the twin screw extruder. Neat PLA and PLA/EVA films were fabricated by blown film extrusion. The results revealed that the elongation at break of PLA in the TD direction was improved when adding EVA. PLA and EVA film with 0.1 phr of Perkadox was found to be sufficient as evident by FESEM micrograph and DMTA results. The films were stretched and shrunk at a temperature of 70 °C. The percentage of shrinkage of the stretched PLA/EVA reactive blend films, two and three times were, 100%, approximately. On the other hand, the four-times stretched films shrunk less than 100% because of the excessive stretching, which resulted in film breakage and defect.
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76
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Łysik D, Mystkowska J, Markiewicz G, Deptuła P, Bucki R. The Influence of Mucin-Based Artificial Saliva on Properties of Polycaprolactone and Polylactide. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1880. [PMID: 31739431 PMCID: PMC6918373 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactide (PLA) are the two most common biodegradable polymers with potential use in oral applications. Both polymers undergo mainly slow hydrolytic degradation in the human body. However, specific conditions of the oral cavity, like elevated temperature, low pH, and presence of saliva affect the rate of hydrolysis. The study examined the properties of solid samples of PCL and PLA subjected to degradation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and artificial saliva (AS) at temperatures of 37 or 42 °C, and pH values 2 or 7.4. A number of tests were performed, including measurement of the degree of swelling, weight loss, molecular weight, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry of polymers, as well as hardness and tensile strength. Additionally, topography and stiffness of surfaces using atomic force microscopy are presented. It has been noticed that in the artificial saliva, the processes of polymer degradation occur slightly more slowly, and the effects of temperature and pH are less pronounced. We believe that a layer of porcine gastric mucin from artificial saliva that adsorbed on the surface of polymers may have a key role in the observed differences; this layer resembles protective mucin coating tissues in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Łysik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Markiewicz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (P.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (P.D.); (R.B.)
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Jia S, Yu D, Zhu Y, Su X, Wang Z, Chen L. A feasible strategy to constructing hybrid conductive networks in PLA‐based composites modified by CNT‐d‐RGO particles and PEG for mechanical and electrical properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikui Jia
- School of ScienceXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong 723000 China
| | - Demei Yu
- School of ScienceXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong 723000 China
| | - Xiaolong Su
- School of ScienceXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong 723000 China
| | - Ligui Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of Technology Hanzhong 723000 China
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Lemos HGD, Silva LMGD, Ambrosio FN, Lombello CB, Moreira JC, Venancio EC. Electroactive nanofibers mats based on poly(l-lactic acid)/poly(ortho-ethoxyaniline) blends for biological applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110045. [PMID: 31546378 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The combination of scaffolds with desirable topographic characteristics and the use of electrical stimulus consist of a strategy to repair and regenerate tissues. An interesting approach to obtain electroactive scaffolds with the aforementioned features comprises on the use of conducting polymers which can be blended with other biocompatible polymers. In this work, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ortho-ethoxyaniline) (POEA) were synthesized and PLLA/POEA mats were prepared for the first time by electrospinning technique. Topographic characterization of PLLA/POEA showed a tunable mean diameter of the nanofibers by changing the electrospinning parameters. The presence of POEA into the blend was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. Differential scanning calorimetry curves of PLLA/POEA exhibited shift positions of Tc and absence of the exothermic peak related to the characteristic isomerization process of POEA at high temperatures. The thermal analysis results indicate a favored miscibility between the polymers which is likely resulted from the strong interaction between polymers functionalities. The homogenous distribution of POEA chains throughout the scaffold rendered redox reversibility property for the mats. Biocompatibility results showed non-cytotoxic features for PLLA/POEA, attesting this novel system as a promising candidate for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gajardoni de Lemos
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Luis Marcelo Garcia da Silva
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Felipe Nogueira Ambrosio
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Christiane Bertachini Lombello
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (NANOMED), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Moreira
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Everaldo Carlos Venancio
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil.
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79
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Accelerated Weathering of Polylactide-Based Composites Filled with Linseed Cake: The Influence of Time and Oil Content within the Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091495. [PMID: 31547481 PMCID: PMC6780865 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the effects of accelerated weathering on the properties of polylactide (PLA) composites filled with linseed cake. The particle-shaped waste filler with different linseed oil content (0.9–39.8 wt %) was incorporated with constant amount of 10 wt % to a polymeric matrix and subjected to accelerated weathering tests with different exposition times. The structure of the composites, their mechanical, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, tensile test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry prior to and after weathering. The results of the measurements were analyzed in reference to the amount of crude oil contained in the filler. The behavior of the multiphase composite during weathering was described. It was found that the oil-rich samples during the first stage of the process showed increased resistance to hydrolytic degradation due to their relatively high crystallinity. The presence of water and elevated temperatures caused swelling of the filler and cracking of the polymeric matrix. Those discontinuities enabled the plasticizing oil to be rinsed out of the composite and thus water penetrated into the samples. As a result, the PLA-based composites containing oil-rich linseed cake were found to be more vulnerable to hydrolytic degradation in a longer time.
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80
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Characterization of Natural Composites Fabricated from Abutilon-Fiber-Reinforced Poly (Lactic Acid). Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7090583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, natural-fiber-reinforced poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites have received a great deal of attention. In this study, biocomposites of poly (lactic acid) and abutilon fibers are prepared by using melt blending and an extruder. The effects of fiber additions on rheological, thermomechanical, thermal, and morphological properties are investigated using a rheometer, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), TGA, and SEM, respectively. The DSC results indicate that the fibers acted as a nucleating agent, which led to enhancing the crystallization of PLA. The results also reveal that the thermal stability of PLA was improved by abutilon fibers. Moreover, higher values of storage modulus are observed, which are attributed to strong interfacial adhesion. In addition, thetan delta isreduced upon the addition of fiber content into the PLA matrix, which restricts the mobility of PLA polymer molecules in the presence of the fibers. The improvement of the properties and energy absorption capabilities of such biocomposites signifies the great potential of abutilon fibers as reinforcement in green composites.
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81
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Ghorbani Chaboki M, Mohammadi-Rovshandeh J, Hemmati F. Poly(lactic acid)/thermoplasticized rice straw biocomposites: effects of benzylated lignocellulosic filler and nanoclay. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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82
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Biocompatible Materials Based on Plasticized Poly(lactic acid), Chitosan and Rosemary Ethanolic Extract I. Effect of Chitosan on the Properties of Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060941. [PMID: 31151276 PMCID: PMC6631666 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to develop new multifunctional environmentally friendly materials having applications both in medical and food packaging fields. New poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based multifunctional materials containing additives derived from natural resources like chitosan (CS) and rosemary extract (R) were obtained by melt mixing. Each of the selected components has its own specific properties such as: PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable biomass, heat-resistant, with mechanical properties close to those of polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate, and CS offers good antimicrobial activity and biological functions, while R significantly improves antioxidative action necessary in all applications. A synergy of their combination, an optimum choice of their ratio, and processing parameters led to high performance antimicrobial/antioxidant/biocompatible/environmentally degradable materials. The polyethylene glycol (PEG)-plasticized PLA/chitosan/powdered rosemary extract biocomposites of various compositions were characterized in respect to their mechanical and rheological properties, structure by spectroscopy, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy images evidence the morphology features added by rosemary powder presence in polymeric materials. Incorporation of additives improved elongation at break, antibacterial and antioxidant activity and also biocompatibility. Migration of bioactive components into D1 simulant is slower for PEG-plasticized PLA containing 6 wt % chitosan and 0.5 wt % rosemary extract (PLA/PEG/6CS/0.5 R) biocomposite and it occurred by a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The biocomposites show high hydrophilicity and good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. No hematological, biochemical and immunological modifications are induced by subcutaneous implantation of biocomposites. All characteristics of the PEG-plasticized PLA-based biocomposites recommend them as valuable materials for biomedical implants, and as well as for the design of innovative drug delivery systems. Also, the developed biocomposites could be a potential nature-derived active packaging with controlled release of antimicrobial/antioxidant compounds.
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83
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Athanasoulia II, Christoforidis MN, Korres DM, Tarantili PA. The effect of poly(ethylene glycol) mixed with poly(
l
‐lactic acid) on the crystallization characteristics and properties of their blends. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna‐Georgia I Athanasoulia
- Polymer Technology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Maximos N Christoforidis
- Polymer Technology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios M Korres
- Polymer Technology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Petroula A Tarantili
- Polymer Technology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
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84
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Iglesias Montes ML, Luzi F, Dominici F, Torre L, Cyras VP, Manfredi LB, Puglia D. Design and Characterization of PLA Bilayer Films Containing Lignin and Cellulose Nanostructures in Combination With Umbelliferone as Active Ingredient. Front Chem 2019; 7:157. [PMID: 30972324 PMCID: PMC6443720 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) bilayer films, containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) or lignin nanoparticles (LNP) and Umbelliferone (UMB) were extruded and successfully layered by thermo-compression starting from monolayer films. Lignocellulosic nanostructures were used in PLA based film as nanofillers at 3 wt.%, while UMB was used as active ingredient (AI) at 15 wt.%. The effects of processing techniques, presence, typology and content of lignocellulosic nanoparticles have been analyzed and thermal, morphological, mechanical and optical characterization of PLA nanocomposites have been made. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies evaluated the presence of nanofillers and AI at chemical level. Bilayer formulations showed a good interfacial adhesion and improved stress at break with respect of PLA monolayers, although they were less stretchable and transparent. Data obtained from thermal, colorimetric and transparency investigations underlined that the presence of lignocellulosic nanofillers and AI in PLA monolayer and bilayer films induced relevant alterations in terms of overall color properties and thermal stability, while antioxidant activity of umbelliferone was enhanced by the addition of lignin in produced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena L. Iglesias Montes
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Franco Dominici
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, UdR INSTM, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
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85
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Chaiwutthinan P, Chuayjuljit S, Srasomsub S, Boonmahitthisud A. Composites of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-
terephthalate) blend with wood fiber and wollastonite: Physical properties, morphology, and biodegradability. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phasawat Chaiwutthinan
- MTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA); 114 Thailand Science Park; Khlong Luang Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Saowaroj Chuayjuljit
- Department of Materials Science; Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University; Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sarinya Srasomsub
- Department of Petrochemical and Polymer Science; Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University; Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud
- Department of Materials Science; Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University; Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Green Materials for Industrial Application Research Unit; Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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86
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Jia S, Yu D, Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen L, Fu L. Morphologies, crystallization, and mechanical properties of PLA-based nanocomposites: Synergistic effects of PEG/HNTs. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikui Jia
- School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong 723000 China
| | - Demei Yu
- School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong 723000 China
| | - Xianyong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong 723000 China
| | - Ligui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong 723000 China
| | - Lei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shaanxi University of Technology; Hanzhong 723000 China
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87
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Woźniak MJ, Chlanda A, Oberbek P, Heljak M, Czarnecka K, Janeta M, John Ł. Binary bioactive glass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering-Structure and mechanical properties in micro and nano scale. A preliminary study. Micron 2018; 119:64-71. [PMID: 30682529 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Composite scaffolds of bioactive glass (SiO2-CaO) and bioresorbable polyesters: poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were produced by polymer coating of porous foams. Their structure and mechanical properties were investigated in micro and nanoscale, by the means of scanning electron microscopy, PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping (PF-QNM) atomic force microscopy, micro-computed tomography and contact angle measurements. This is one of the first studies in which the nanomechanical properties (elastic modulus, adhesion) were measured and mapped simultaneously with topography imaging (PF-QNM AFM) for bioactive glass and bioactive glass - polymer coated scaffolds. Our findings show that polymer coated scaffolds had higher average roughness and lower stiffness in comparison to pure bioactive glass scaffolds. Such coating-dependent scaffold properties may promote different cells-scaffold interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał J Woźniak
- University Research Center - Functional Materials, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; MJW RnD, Nowy Swiat 33/13, 00-029 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chlanda
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Oberbek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska, 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Heljak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarnecka
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego, 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Janeta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz John
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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88
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Mysiukiewicz O, Barczewski M. Utilization of linseed cake as a postagricultural functional filler for poly(lactic acid) green composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mysiukiewicz
- Polymer Processing Division, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management; Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology; Piotrowo 3 61-138 Poznan Poland
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Polymer Processing Division, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management; Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology; Piotrowo 3 61-138 Poznan Poland
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