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Trojánek M, Grebenyuk V, Manďáková Z, Sojková N, Zelená H, Roháčová H, Stejskal F. Epidemiology of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections in travellers: A 16-year retrospective descriptive study at a tertiary care centre in Prague, Czech Republic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281612. [PMID: 36809441 PMCID: PMC9942961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of imported cases of dengue (DEN), chikungunya (CHIK), and Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Czech travellers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-centre descriptive study has retrospectively analysed data of patients with laboratory confirmed DEN, CHIK, and ZIKV infections diagnosed at the Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Tropical Diseases of the University Hospital Bulovka in Prague, Czech Republic from 2004 to 2019. RESULTS The study included a total of 313 patients with DEN, 30 with CHIK, and 19 with ZIKV infections. Most patients travelled as tourists:263 (84.0%), 28 (93.3%), and 17 (89.5%), respectively (p = 0.337). The median duration of stay was 20 (IQR 14-27), 21 (IQR 14-29), and 15 days (IQR 14-43), respectively (p = 0.935). Peaks of imported DEN and ZIKV infections were noted in 2016, and in 2019 in the case of CHIK infection. Most cases of DEN and CHIKV infections were acquired in Southeast Asia:212 (67.7%) and 15 (50%), respectively, while ZIKV infection was most commonly imported from the Caribbean (11; 57,9%). CONCLUSIONS Arbovirus infections represent an increasingly significant cause of illness in Czech travellers. Comprehensive knowledge of the specific epidemiological profile of these diseases is an essential prerequisite for good travel medicine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Trojánek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vyacheslav Grebenyuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Zdenka Manďáková
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Naděžda Sojková
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Zelená
- National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Roháčová
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Stejskal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
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Rachmat A, Kelly GC, Hontz RD, Supaprom C, Heang V, Hip P, Garcia-Rivera JA, Prom S, Chhea C, Sutherland IW, Corson KS, Letizia AG. Clinical and epidemiologic evaluation of a 2020 chikungunya outbreak in Cambodia. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:949. [PMID: 36526991 PMCID: PMC9758031 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, the Kingdom of Cambodia experienced a nationwide outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Despite an increase in the frequency of outbreaks and expanding geographic range of CHIKV, diagnostic challenges remain, and limited surveillance data of sufficient granularity are available to characterize epidemiological profiles and disease dynamics of the virus. METHODS An ongoing and long-standing cross-sectional study of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) in Cambodia was leveraged to describe the disease epidemiology and characterize the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with CHIKV during the 2020 outbreak. Participants presenting with AUFI symptoms at ten study locations provided acute and convalescent blood samples and were tested for CHIKV using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serological diagnostic methods including IgM and IgG. Acute and follow-up clinical data were also collected. RESULTS From 1194 participant blood samples tested, 331 (27.7%) positive CHIKV cases were detected. Most CHIKV positive individuals (280, 84.6%) reported having a fever 3 to 4 days prior to visiting a health facility. Symptoms including chills, joint pain, nausea, vomiting, and lesions were all statistically significant among CHIKV positive participants compared to CHIKV negative AUFI participants. Cough was negatively associated with CHIKV positive participants. Positivity proportions were significantly higher among adults compared to children. No significant difference was found in positivity proportion between rainy and dry seasons during the outbreak. Positive CHIKV cases were detected in all study site provinces, with the highest test positivity proportion recorded in the rural northeast province of Kratie. CONCLUSIONS Surveillance data captured in this study provided a clinical and epidemiological characterization of positive CHIKV patients presenting at selected health facilities in Cambodia in 2020, and highlighted the widespread distribution of the outbreak, impacting both urban and rural locations. Findings also illustrated the importance of utilizing both RT-PCR and serological testing for effective CHIKV surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Rachmat
- AC Investment Co, Contractor for NAMRU-2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | | | - Vireak Heang
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Phireak Hip
- AC Investment Co, Contractor for NAMRU-2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Satharath Prom
- Department of Health, Ministry of National Defense, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chhorvann Chhea
- grid.436334.5National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Karen S. Corson
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Singapore, Singapore ,U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Bishop CR, Caten FT, Nakaya HI, Suhrbier A. Chikungunya patient transcriptional signatures faithfully recapitulated in a C57BL/6J mouse model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1092370. [PMID: 36578476 PMCID: PMC9791225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1092370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An adult wild-type C57BL/6J mouse model of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and disease has been extensively used to study the alphaviral arthritic immunopathology and to evaluate new interventions. How well mouse models recapitulate the gene expression profiles seen in humans remains controversial. Methods Herein we perform a comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA-Seq datasets from the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model with datasets obtained from adults and children acutely infected with CHIKV. Results Despite sampling quite different tissues, peripheral blood from humans and feet from mice, gene expression profiles were quite similar, with an overlap of up to ≈50% for up-regulated single copy orthologue differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, high levels of significant concordance between mouse and human were seen for immune pathways and signatures, which were dominated by interferons, T cells and monocyte/macrophages. Importantly, predicted responses to a series of anti-inflammatory drug and biologic treatments also showed cogent similarities between species. Discussion Comparative transcriptomics and subsequent pathway analysis provides a detailed picture of how a given model recapitulates human gene expression. Using this method, we show that the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model provides a reliable and representative system in which to study CHIKV immunopathology and evaluate new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R. Bishop
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Felipe Ten Caten
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Global Virus Network (GVN) Center of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,*Correspondence: Helder I. Nakaya, ; Andreas Suhrbier,
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Role of Arbovirus Infection in Arthritogenic Pain Manifestation—A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7110390. [DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of publications on the development of arthritic pain after CHIKV infection is increasing; however, there is still a gap in the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain these outcomes. In this review, we conducted a descriptive analysis of the findings of patients to understand their prognosis and to explore therapeutic options. Here, we searched the Cochrane, BVS, PubMed, and Scielo databases using the keywords “arthritis”, “pain”, “arbovirus”, “disease”, “arthritogenic”, and “arthralgia” during the 2000 to 2022 period. Descriptive analyses were conducted to understand the association between CHIKV infection and arthritogenic pain. The present study shows the persistence of acute phase signals for months, making the chronic phase still marked by the presence of arthralgia, often disabling under stimuli, such as temperature variation. CHIKV infection appears to be remarkably similar to rheumatoid arthritis, since both diseases share common symptoms. Once diagnosed, patients are mostly treated with analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD). As there are no prophylactic measures or specific treatments for arboviruses, this study gathered information on the development and manifestations of arthritogenic pain.
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Finsterer J. Triggers of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Campylobacter jejuni Predominates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214222. [PMID: 36430700 PMCID: PMC9696744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated acute polyradiculo-neuropathy that typically develops after a previous gastrointestinal or respiratory infection. This narrative overview aims to summarise and discuss current knowledge and previous evidence regarding triggers and pathophysiology of GBS. A systematic search of the literature was carried out using suitable search terms. The most common subtypes of GBS are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). The most common triggers of GBS, in three quarters of cases, are previous infections. The most common infectious agents that cause GBS include Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus. C. jejuni is responsible for about a third of GBS cases. GBS due to C. jejuni is usually more severe than that due to other causes. Clinical presentation of GBS is highly dependent on the structure of pathogenic lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) that trigger the innate immune system via Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-4 signalling. AIDP is due to demyelination, whereas in AMAN, structures of the axolemma are affected in the nodal or inter-nodal space. In conclusion, GBS is a neuro-immunological disorder caused by autoantibodies against components of the myelin sheath or axolemma. Molecular mimicry between surface structures of pathogens and components of myelin or the axon is one scenario that may explain the pathophysiology of GBS.
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Abstract
Alphaviruses contain many human and animal pathogens, such as CHIKV, SINV, and VEEV. Accumulating evidence indicates that innate immunity plays an important role in response to alphaviruses infection. In parallel, alphaviruses have evolved many strategies to evade host antiviral innate immunity. In the current review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms employed by alphaviruses to evade cGAS-STING, IFN, transcriptional host shutoff, translational host shutoff, and RNAi. Dissecting the detailed antiviral immune evasion mechanisms by alphaviruses will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of alphaviruses and may provide more effective strategies to control alphaviruses infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yupei Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Leiliang Zhang,
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Nicacio JM, Gomes OV, do Carmo RF, Nunes SLP, Rocha JRCF, de Souza CDF, Franca RFDO, Khouri R, Barral-Netto M, Armstrong ADC. Heart Disease and Arboviruses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091988. [PMID: 36146794 PMCID: PMC9502577 DOI: 10.3390/v14091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever, chikungunya, and zika are highly prevalent arboviruses transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, with a widely neglected impact in developing countries. These diseases cause acute illness in diverse populations, as well as potential cardiovascular complications. A systematic review was carried out to investigate the burden of cardiac involvement related to these arboviruses. Multiple databases were searched for articles that investigated the association of cardiovascular diseases with arboviruses, published up to March 2022. Relevant articles were selected and rated by two independent reviewers. Proportion meta-analysis was applied to assess the frequency-weighted mean of the cardiovascular findings. A total of 42 articles were selected (n = 76,678 individuals), with 17 manuscripts on dengue and 6 manuscripts on chikungunya undergoing meta-analysis. The global pooled incidence of cardiac events in dengue fever using a meta-analysis was 27.21% (95% CI 20.21–34.83; I2 = 94%). The higher incidence of dengue-related myocarditis was found in the population younger than 20 years old (33.85%; 95% CI 0.00–89.20; I2 = 99%). Considering the studies on chikungunya (n = 372), the global pooled incidence of cardiac involvement using a meta-analysis was 32.81% (95% CI 09.58–61.49, I2 = 96%). Two Zika studies were included that examined cases of infection by vertical transmission in Brazil, finding everything from structural changes to changes in heart rate variability that increase the risk of sudden death. In conclusion, cardiac involvement in arboviruses is not uncommon, especially in dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandir Mendonça Nicacio
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Ecology and Socio-Environmental Management, Bahia State University—UNEB, Juazeiro 48904-711, BA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.M.N.); (O.V.G.); (A.d.C.A.)
| | - Orlando Vieira Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Ecology and Socio-Environmental Management, Bahia State University—UNEB, Juazeiro 48904-711, BA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.M.N.); (O.V.G.); (A.d.C.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco—UPE, Recife 50100-010, PE, Brazil
| | - Sávio Luiz Pereira Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco—UPE, Recife 50100-010, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Ecology and Socio-Environmental Management, Bahia State University—UNEB, Juazeiro 48904-711, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Khouri
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia—UFBA, Salvador 40110-909, BA, Brazil
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Institute Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia—UFBA, Salvador 40110-909, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05347-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson da Costa Armstrong
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Ecology and Socio-Environmental Management, Bahia State University—UNEB, Juazeiro 48904-711, BA, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.M.N.); (O.V.G.); (A.d.C.A.)
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de Araújo S, de Melo Costa VR, Santos FM, de Sousa CDF, Moreira TP, Gonçalves MR, Félix FB, Queiroz-Junior CM, Campolina-Silva GH, Nogueira ML, Sugimoto MA, Bonilha CS, Perretti M, Souza DG, Costa VV, Teixeira MM. Annexin A1-FPR2/ALX Signaling Axis Regulates Acute Inflammation during Chikungunya Virus Infection. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172717. [PMID: 36078125 PMCID: PMC9454528 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that causes a self-limiting disease usually accompanied by joint pain and/or polyarthralgia with disabling characteristics. Immune responses developed during the acute phase of CHIKV infection determine the rate of disease progression and resolution. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is involved in both initiating inflammation and preventing over-response, being essential for a balanced end of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of the AnxA1-FPR2/ALX pathway during CHIKV infection. Genetic deletion of AnxA1 or its receptor enhanced inflammatory responses driven by CHIKV. These knockout mice showed increased neutrophil accumulation and augmented tissue damage at the site of infection compared with control mice. Conversely, treatment of wild-type animals with the AnxA1 mimetic peptide (Ac2–26) reduced neutrophil accumulation, decreased local concentration of inflammatory mediators and diminished mechanical hypernociception and paw edema induced by CHIKV-infection. Alterations in viral load were mild both in genetic deletion or with treatment. Combined, our data suggest that the AnxA1-FPR2/ALX pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy to control CHIKV-induced acute inflammation and polyarthralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Araújo
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Victor R. de Melo Costa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Franciele M. Santos
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carla D. Ferreira de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaiane P. Moreira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Matheus R. Gonçalves
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Franciel B. Félix
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Celso M. Queiroz-Junior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H. Campolina-Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, CHU de Quebec Research Center (CHUL), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Department of Dermatological, Infections, and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Michelle A. Sugimoto
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Caio S. Bonilha
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Danielle G. Souza
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vivian V. Costa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.V.C.); (M.M.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-3082 (V.V.C.); +55-31-3409-2651 (M.M.T.)
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.V.C.); (M.M.T.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-3082 (V.V.C.); +55-31-3409-2651 (M.M.T.)
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Yakob L. Predictable Chikungunya Infection Dynamics in Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091889. [PMID: 36146696 PMCID: PMC9505030 DOI: 10.3390/v14091889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first imported into the Caribbean in 2013 and subsequently spread across the Americas. It has infected millions in the region and Brazil has become the hub of ongoing transmission. Using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models trained and validated on Brazilian data from the Ministry of Health’s notifiable diseases information system, we tested the hypothesis that transmission in Brazil had transitioned from sporadic and explosive to become more predictable. Consistency weighted, population standardized kernel density estimates were used to identify municipalities with the most consistent inter-annual transmission rates. Spatial clustering was assessed per calendar month for 2017−2021 inclusive using Moran’s I. SARIMA models were validated on 2020−2021 data and forecasted 106,162 (95%CI 27,303−200,917) serologically confirmed cases and 339,907 (95%CI 35,780−1035,449) total notifications for 2022−2023 inclusive, with >90% of cases in the Northeast and Southeast regions. Comparing forecasts for the first five months of 2022 to the most up-to-date ECDC report (published 2 June 2022) showed remarkable accuracy: the models predicted 92,739 (95%CI 20,685−195,191) case notifications during which the ECDC reported 92,349 case notifications. Hotspots of consistent transmission were identified in the states of Para and Tocantins (North region); Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba and Pernambuco (Northeast region); and Rio de Janeiro and eastern Minas Gerais (Southeast region). Significant spatial clustering peaked during late summer/early autumn. This analysis highlights how CHIKV transmission in Brazil has transitioned, making it more predictable and thus enabling improved control targeting and site selection for trialing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Yakob
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
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A Bivalent Trans-Amplifying RNA Vaccine Candidate Induces Potent Chikungunya and Ross River Virus Specific Immune Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091374. [PMID: 36146452 PMCID: PMC9503900 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses such as the human pathogenic chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) can cause explosive outbreaks raising public health concerns. However, no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment is yet available. We recently established a CHIKV vaccine candidate based on trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA). This novel system consists of a replicase-encoding mRNA and a trans-replicon (TR) RNA encoding the antigen. The TR-RNA is amplified by the replicase in situ. We were interested in determining whether multiple TR-RNAs can be amplified in parallel and if, thus, a multivalent vaccine candidate can be generated. In vitro, we observed an efficient amplification of two TR-RNAs, encoding for the CHIKV and the RRV envelope proteins, by the replicase, which resulted in a high antigen expression. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with the two TR-RNAs induced CHIKV- and RRV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. However, antibody titers and neutralization capacity were higher after immunization with a single TR-RNA. In contrast, alphavirus-specific T cell responses were equally potent after the bivalent vaccination. These data show the proof-of-principle that the taRNA system can be used to generate multivalent vaccines; however, further optimizations will be needed for clinical application.
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Chikungunya Virus E2 Structural Protein B-Cell Epitopes Analysis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081839. [PMID: 36016460 PMCID: PMC9414204 DOI: 10.3390/v14081839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Togaviridae family comprises a large and diverse group of viruses responsible for recurrent outbreaks in humans. Within this family, the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an important Alphavirus in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic impact on humans in different regions of the world. The objective of this study was to perform an IgG epitope recognition of the CHIKV’s structural proteins E2 and E3 using linear synthetic peptides recognized by serum from patients in the convalescence phase of infection. The serum samples used were collected in the state of Sergipe, Brazil in 2016. Based on the results obtained using immunoinformatic predictions, synthetic B-cell peptides corresponding to the epitopes of structural proteins E2 and E3 of the CHIKV were analyzed by the indirect peptide ELISA technique. Protein E2 was the main target of the immune response, and three conserved peptides, corresponding to peptides P3 and P4 located at Domain A and P5 at the end of Domain B, were identified. The peptides P4 and P5 were the most reactive and specific among the 11 epitopes analyzed and showed potential for use in serological diagnostic trials and development and/or improvement of the Chikungunya virus diagnosis and vaccine design.
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Traverse EM, Millsapps EM, Underwood EC, Hopkins HK, Young M, Barr KL. Chikungunya Immunopathology as It Presents in Different Organ Systems. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081786. [PMID: 36016408 PMCID: PMC9414582 DOI: 10.3390/v14081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is currently an urgent public health problem as high morbidity from the virus leaves populations with negative physical, social, and economic impacts. CHIKV has the potential to affect every organ of an individual, leaving patients with lifelong impairments which negatively affect their quality of life. In this review, we show the importance of CHIKV in research and public health by demonstrating the immunopathology of CHIKV as it presents in different organ systems. Papers used in this review were found on PubMed, using “chikungunya and [relevant organ system]”. There is a significant inflammatory response during CHIKV infection which affects several organ systems, such as the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, skin, and joints, and the immune response to CHIKV in each organ system is unique. Whilst there is clinical evidence to suggest that serious complications can occur, there is ultimately a lack of understanding of how CHIKV can affect different organ systems. It is important for clinicians to understand the risks to their patients.
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Roques P, Fritzer A, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Wressnigg N, Hochreiter R, Bossevot L, Pascal Q, Guehenneux F, Bitzer A, Corbic Ramljak I, Le Grand R, Lundberg U, Meinke A. Effectiveness of CHIKV vaccine VLA1553 demonstrated by passive transfer of human sera. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160173. [PMID: 35700051 PMCID: PMC9431671 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging mosquito-borne alphavirus responsible for numerous outbreaks. Chikungunya can cause debilitating acute and chronic disease. Thus, the development of a safe and effective CHIKV vaccine is an urgent global health priority. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine VLA1553 against WT CHIKV infection by using passive transfer of sera from vaccinated volunteers to nonhuman primates (NHP) subsequently exposed to WT CHIKV and established a serological surrogate of protection. We demonstrated that human VLA1553 sera transferred to NHPs conferred complete protection from CHIKV viremia and fever after challenge with homologous WT CHIKV. In addition, serum transfer protected animals from other CHIKV-associated clinical symptoms and from CHIKV persistence in tissue. Based on this passive transfer study, a 50% micro–plaque reduction neutralization test titer of ≥ 150 was determined as a surrogate of protection, which was supported by analysis of samples from a seroepidemiological study. In conclusion, considering the unfeasibility of an efficacy trial due to the unpredictability and explosive, rapidly moving nature of chikungunya outbreaks, the definition of a surrogate of protection for VLA1553 is an important step toward vaccine licensure to reduce the medical burden caused by chikungunya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Roques
- Unité de Virologie, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | - Nina Wressnigg
- Clinical Strategy, Valneva Austria GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Laetitia Bossevot
- DSV/IMETI, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- DSV/IMETI, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | | | - Roger Le Grand
- DSV/IMETI, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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