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Du XJ, Chen YX, Zheng ZC, Wang N, Wang XY, Kong FE. Neural stem cell transplantation inhibits glial cell proliferation and P2X receptor-mediated neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury rats. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:876-885. [PMID: 30688274 PMCID: PMC6375052 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.249236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X4 and P2X7 receptors play an important role in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Regulation of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors can obviously reduce pain hypersensitivity after injury. To investigate the role of neural stem cell transplantation on P2X receptor-mediated neuropathic pain and explore related mechanisms, a rat model of spinal cord injury was prepared using the free-falling heavy body method with spinal cord segment 10 as the center. Neural stem cells were injected into the injured spinal cord segment using a micro-syringe. Expression levels of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay. In addition, sensory function was quantitatively assessed by current perception threshold. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale was used to assess neuropathological pain. The results showed that 4 weeks after neural stem cell transplantation, expression of neurofilament protein in the injured segment was markedly increased, while expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and P2X4 and P2X7 receptors was decreased. At this time point, motor and sensory functions of rats were obviously improved, and neuropathic pain was alleviated. These findings demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation reduced overexpression of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, activated locomotor and sensory function reconstruction, and played an important role in neuropathic pain regulation after spinal cord injury. Therefore, neural stem cell transplantation is one potential option for relieving neuropathic pain mediated by P2X receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue-Xia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zun-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Graduate School, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fan-E Kong
- Graduate School, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
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52
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Incontri Abraham D, Gonzales M, Ibarra A, Borlongan CV. Stand alone or join forces? Stem cell therapy for stroke. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 19:25-33. [PMID: 30477353 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1551872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability with a narrow therapeutic window. Stem cell therapy may enhance the stroke recovery. AREAS COVERE Regenerative medicine via stem cells stands as a novel therapy for stroke. In particular, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties that improve brain function after stroke. Here, we discuss the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived MSCs. We also examine the discrepant transplant protocols between preclinical studies and clinical trials. Laboratory studies show the safety and efficacy of bone marrow-derived MSCs in stroke models. However, while safe, MSCs remain to be fully evaluated as effective in clinical trials. Furthermore, recognizing the multiple cell death processes associated with stroke, we next discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of a combination therapy. With preliminary results and on-going clinical trials, a careful assessment of dosing, timing, and delivery route regimens will further direct the future of stem cell therapy for neurological disorders, including stroke. EXPERT OPINION Bone marrow-derived MSCs appear to be the optimal stem cell source for stroke therapy. Optimizing dosing, timing, and delivery route should guide the clinical application of bone marrow-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Incontri Abraham
- a Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,b Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte , Huixquilucan, Edo. de Mexico , México
| | - Melissa Gonzales
- a Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- b Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte , Huixquilucan, Edo. de Mexico , México.,c Faculty of Health Sciences , Proyecto CAMINA A.C , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- a Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
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Tsuji O, Sugai K, Yamaguchi R, Tashiro S, Nagoshi N, Kohyama J, Iida T, Ohkubo T, Itakura G, Isoda M, Shinozaki M, Fujiyoshi K, Kanemura Y, Yamanaka S, Nakamura M, Okano H. Concise Review: Laying the Groundwork for a First-In-Human Study of an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Intervention for Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells 2018; 37:6-13. [PMID: 30371964 PMCID: PMC7379555 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have been numerous attempts to develop stem cell transplantation approaches to promote the regeneration of spinal cord injury (SCI). Our multicenter team is currently planning to launch a first-in-human clinical study of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based cell transplant intervention for subacute SCI. This trial was conducted as class I regenerative medicine protocol as provided for under Japan's Act on the Safety of Regenerative Medicine, using neural stem/progenitor cells derived from a clinical-grade, integration-free human "iPSC stock" generated by the Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application. In the present article, we describe how we are preparing to initiate this clinical study, including addressing the issues of safety and tumorigenesis as well as practical problems that must be overcome to enable the development of therapeutic interventions for patients with chronic SCI. Stem Cells 2019;37:6-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osahiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Office, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Syoichi Tashiro
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ohkubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Itakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Isoda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Regenerative & Cellular Medicine Office, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Fujiyoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Murayama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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DeBrot A, Yao L. The combination of induced pluripotent stem cells and bioscaffolds holds promise for spinal cord regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1677-1684. [PMID: 30136677 PMCID: PMC6128052 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.238602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are debilitating conditions for which no effective treatment currently exists. The damage of neural tissue causes disruption of neural tracts and neuron loss in the spinal cord. Stem cell replacement offers a solution for SCI treatment by providing a source of therapeutic cells for neural function restoration. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been investigated as a potential type of stem cell for such therapies. Transplantation of iPSCs has been shown to be effective in restoring function after SCIs in animal models while they circumvent ethical and immunological concerns produced by other stem cell types. Another approach for the treatment of SCI involves the graft of a bioscaffold at the site of injury to create a microenvironment that enhances cellular viability and guides the growing axons. Studies suggest that a combination of these two treatment methods could have a synergistic effect on functional recovery post-neural injury. While much progress has been made, more research is needed before clinical trials are possible. This review highlights recent advancements using iPSCs and bioscaffolds for treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley DeBrot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
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The Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Is Dose-Dependent and Can Be Facilitated by Repeated Application. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051503. [PMID: 29772841 PMCID: PMC5983761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) were used for the treatment of the ischemic-compression model of spinal cord injury in rats. To assess the effectivity of the treatment, different dosages (0.5 or 1.5 million cells) and repeated applications were compared. Cells or saline were applied intrathecally by lumbar puncture for one week only, or in three consecutive weeks after injury. Rats were assessed for locomotor skills (BBB, rotarod, flat beam) for 9 weeks. Spinal cord tissue was morphometrically analyzed for axonal sprouting, sparing of gray and white matter and astrogliosis. Endogenous gene expression (Gfap, Casp3, Irf5, Cd86, Mrc1, Cd163) was studied with quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR). Significant recovery of functional outcome was observed in all of the treated groups except for the single application of the lowest number of cells. Histochemical analyses revealed a gradually increasing effect of grafted cells, resulting in a significant increase in the number of GAP43+ fibers, a higher amount of spared gray matter and reduced astrogliosis. mRNA expression of macrophage markers and apoptosis was downregulated after the repeated application of 1.5 million cells. We conclude that the effect of hWJ-MSCs on spinal cord regeneration is dose-dependent and potentiated by repeated application.
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56
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Cizkova D, Cubinkova V, Smolek T, Murgoci AN, Danko J, Vdoviakova K, Humenik F, Cizek M, Quanico J, Fournier I, Salzet M. Localized Intrathecal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Conditioned Medium Improves Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030870. [PMID: 29543759 PMCID: PMC5877731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that the conditioned medium (CM) of mesenchymal stem cells can enhance viability of neural and glial cell populations. In the present study, we have investigated a cell-free approach via CM from rat bone marrow stromal cells (MScCM) applied intrathecally (IT) for spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery in adult rats. Functional in vitro test on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) primary cultures confirmed biological properties of collected MScCM for production of neurosphere-like structures and axon outgrowth. Afterwards, rats underwent SCI and were treated with IT delivery of MScCM or vehicle at postsurgical Days 1, 5, 9, and 13, and left to survive 10 weeks. Rats that received MScCM showed significantly higher motor function recovery, increase in spared spinal cord tissue, enhanced GAP-43 expression and attenuated inflammation in comparison with vehicle-treated rats. Spared tissue around the lesion site was infiltrated with GAP-43-labeled axons at four weeks that gradually decreased at 10 weeks. Finally, a cytokine array performed on spinal cord extracts after MScCM treatment revealed decreased levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα when compared to vehicle group. In conclusion, our results suggest that molecular cocktail found in MScCM is favorable for final neuroregeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasa Cizkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Veronika Cubinkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Tomas Smolek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Adriana-Natalia Murgoci
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Vdoviakova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Filip Humenik
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Milan Cizek
- Department of Epizootology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Nagoshi N, Okano H. iPSC-derived neural precursor cells: potential for cell transplantation therapy in spinal cord injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:989-1000. [PMID: 28993834 PMCID: PMC11105708 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the NPCs had been mostly harvested from embryonic stem cells or fetal tissue, raising the ethical concern. Yamanaka and his colleagues established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which could be generated from somatic cells, and this innovative development has made rapid progression in the field of SCI regeneration. We and other groups succeeded in producing NPCs from iPSCs, and demonstrated beneficial effects after transplantation for animal models of SCI. In particular, efficacy of human iPSC-NPCs in non-human primate SCI models fostered momentum of clinical application for SCI patients. At the same time, however, artificial induction methods in iPSC technology created alternative issues including genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, and tumorigenicity after transplantation. To overcome these problems, it is critically important to select origins of somatic cells, use integration-free system during transfection of reprogramming factors, and thoroughly investigate the characteristics of iPSC-NPCs with respect to quality management. Moreover, since most of the previous studies have focused on subacute phase of SCI, establishment of effective NPC transplantation should be evaluated for chronic phase hereafter. Our group is currently preparing clinical-grade human iPSC-NPCs, and will move forward toward clinical study for subacute SCI patients soon in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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58
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Ma YH, Zeng X, Qiu XC, Wei QS, Che MT, Ding Y, Liu Z, Wu GH, Sun JH, Pang M, Rong LM, Liu B, Aljuboori Z, Han I, Ling EA, Zeng YS. Perineurium-like sheath derived from long-term surviving mesenchymal stem cells confers nerve protection to the injured spinal cord. Biomaterials 2018; 160:37-55. [PMID: 29353106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional multipotency enables mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promising translational potentials in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). Yet the fate of MSCs grafted into the injured spinal cord has not been fully elucidated even in preclinical studies, rendering concerns of their safety and genuine efficacy. Here we used a rat spinal cord transection model to evaluate the cell fate of allograft bone marrow derived MSCs. With the application of immunosuppressant, donor cells, delivered by biocompatible scaffold, survived up to 8 weeks post-grafting. Discernible tubes formed by MSCs were observed beginning 2 weeks after transplantation and they dominated the morphological features of implanted MSCs at 8 weeks post-grafting. The results of immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy displayed the formation of perineurium-like sheath by donor cells, which, in a manner comparable to the perineurium in peripheral nerve, enwrapped host myelins and axons. The MSC-derived perineurium-like sheath secreted a group of trophic factors and permissive extracellular matrix, and served as a physical and chemical barrier to insulate the inner nerve fibers from ambient oxidative insults by the secretion of soluble antioxidant, superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3). As a result, many intact regenerating axons were preserved in the injury/graft site following the forming of perineurium-like sheath. A parallel study utilizing a good manufacturing practice (GMP) grade human umbilical cord-derived MSCs or allogenic MSCs in an acute contusive/compressive SCI model exhibited a similar perineurium-like sheath formed by surviving donor cells in rat spinal cord at 3 weeks post-grafting. The present study for the first time provides an unambiguous morphological evidence of perineurium-like sheath formed by transplanted MSCs and a novel therapeutic mechanism of MSCs in treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Huan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiocerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524023, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524023, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Xue-Cheng Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Qing-Shuai Wei
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ming-Tian Che
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiocerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524023, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Guo-Hui Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Li-Min Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Zaid Aljuboori
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Chen C, Bai GC, Jin HL, Lei K, Li KX. Local injection of bone morphogenetic protein 7 promotes neuronal regeneration and motor function recovery after acute spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1054-1060. [PMID: 29926833 PMCID: PMC6022460 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.233449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury, the number of glial cells and motor neurons expressing bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) increases, indicating that upregulation of BMP7 can promote nerve repair. We, therefore, tested whether direct injection of BMP7 into acutely injured rat spinal cord can affect neurological recovery. Allen's impactor was used to create spinal cord injury at T10. The injury site was then injected with 50 ng BMP7 (BMP7 group) or physiological saline (control group) for 7 consecutive days. Electrophysiological examination showed that the amplitude of N1 in motor evoked potentials (MEP) decreased after spinal cord injury. At 8 weeks post-operation, the amplitude of N1 in the BMP7 group was remarkably higher than that at 1 week post-operation and was higher than that of the control group. Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale (BBB) scores, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and western blot assay showed that at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-operation, BBB scores were increased; Nissl body staining was stronger; the number of Nissl-stained bodies was increased; the number of vacuoles gradually decreased; the number of synapses was increased; and the expression of neuronal marker, neurofilament protein 200, was increased in the hind limbs of the BMP7 group compared with the control group. Western blot assay showed that the expression of GFAP protein in BMP7 group and control group did not change significantly and there was no significant difference between the BMP7 and control groups. These data confirmed that local injection of BMP7 can promote neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury and promote recovery of motor function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guang-Chao Bai
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong-Liang Jin
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kun Lei
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kuan-Xin Li
- Department of Joint and Spine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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60
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Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Use in Models of CNS Injury. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 66:89-102. [PMID: 30209655 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are derived from differentiated cells by different reprogramming techniques, by introducing specific transcription factors responsible for pluripotency. Induced pluripotent stem cells can serve as an excellent source for differentiated neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPs). Several methods and protocols are utilized to create a robust number of NSCs/NPs without jeopardizing the safety issues required for in vivo applications. A variety of disease-specific iPS cells have been used to study nervous system diseases. In this chapter, we will focus on some of the derivation and differentiation approaches and the application of iPS-NPs in the treatment of spinal cord injury and stroke.
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61
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Yin H, Jiang T, Deng X, Yu M, Xing H, Ren X. A cellular spinal cord scaffold seeded with rat adipose‑derived stem cells facilitates functional recovery via enhancing axon regeneration in spinal cord injured rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2998-3004. [PMID: 29257299 PMCID: PMC5783519 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), usually resulting in severe sensory and motor deficits, is a major public health concern. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), one type of adult stem cell, are free from ethical restriction, easily isolated and enriched. Therefore, ADSCs may provide a feasible cell source for cell-based therapies in treatment of SCI. The present study successfully isolated rat ADSCs (rADSCs) from Sprague-Dawley male rats and co-cultured them with acellular spinal cord scaffolds (ASCs). Then, a rat spinal cord hemisection model was built and rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: SCI only, ASC only, and ASC + ADSCs. Furthermore, behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate functional recovery. Hematoxylin & Eosin staining and immunofluorence were carried out to assess histopathological remodeling. In addition, biotinylated dextran amines anterograde tracing was employed to visualize axon regeneration. The data demonstrated that harvested cells, which were positive for cell surface antigen cluster of differentiation (CD) 29, CD44 and CD90 and negative for CD4, detected by flow cytometry analysis, held the potential to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes. Rats that received transplantation of ASCs seeded with rADSCs benefited greatly in functional recovery through facilitation of histopathological rehabilitation, axon regeneration and reduction of reactive gliosis. rADSCs co-cultured with ASCs may survive and integrate into the host spinal cord on day 14 post-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xi Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Walsh P, Truong V, Hill C, Stoflet ND, Baden J, Low WC, Keirstead SA, Dutton JR, Parr AM. Defined Culture Conditions Accelerate Small-molecule-assisted Neural Induction for the Production of Neural Progenitors from Human-induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:1890-1902. [PMID: 29390875 PMCID: PMC5802631 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717737074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of defined conditions for derivation, maintenance, and differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides a superior experimental platform to discover culture responses to differentiation cues and elucidate the basic requirements for cell differentiation and fate restriction. Adoption of defined systems for reprogramming, undifferentiated growth, and differentiation of hiPSCs was found to significantly influence early stage differentiation signaling requirements and temporal kinetics for the production of primitive neuroectoderm. The bone morphogenic protein receptor agonist LDN-193189 was found to be necessary and sufficient for neural induction in a monolayer system with landmark antigens paired box 6 and sex-determining region Y-box 1 appearing within 72 h. Preliminary evidence suggests this neuroepithelium was further differentiated to generate ventral spinal neural progenitors that produced electrophysiologically active neurons in vitro, maintaining viability posttransplantation in an immunocompromised host. Our findings support current developments in the field, demonstrating that adoption of defined reagents for the culture and manipulation of pluripotent stem cells is advantages in terms of simplification and acceleration of differentiation protocols, which will be critical for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vincent Truong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Caitlin Hill
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicolas D. Stoflet
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jessica Baden
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Walter C. Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan A. Keirstead
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James R. Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann M. Parr
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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