51
|
Sorrentino P, D'Angelo S, Ferbo U, Micheli P, Bracigliano A, Vecchione R. Liver iron excess in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis. J Hepatol 2009; 50:351-7. [PMID: 19070395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Liver iron deposits are frequent in patients with non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NAFLD), but their role is not well defined. To investigate the effect of liver iron excess on the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis. METHODS Hepatic iron was measured retrospectively with a semiquantitative method in liver biopsies of 153 patients with NASH-related cirrhosis: 51 with HCC and 102 controls without HCC, matched for age, sex and stage of liver disease. The corrected total iron score (0-60) was the sum of three scores: the hepatocytic iron score (0-36), sinusoidal iron score (0-12), and portal iron score (0-12), multiplied by 3/3, 2/3, or 1/3 depending on the localisation of the iron in the nodules. RESULTS Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that iron deposits (corrected total iron score>0) were more frequent in HCC patients than in controls. The median corrected total iron score was significantly higher in HCC patients than in controls. The liver iron overload was sinusoidal. CONCLUSIONS Iron deposition in the liver was more frequent in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis with HCC than in HCC-free controls. Liver iron overload may be associated with development of HCC in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sorrentino
- Liver Unit, Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, S.G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Ao ZH, Xu ZH, Lu ZM, Xu HY, Zhang XM, Dou WF. Niuchangchih (Antrodia camphorata) and its potential in treating liver diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 121:194-212. [PMID: 19061947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Niuchangchih (Antrodia camphorata (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu, Ryvarden & T.T. Chang) is a basidiomycete endemic to Taiwan. It is well known as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Taiwanese aborigines used this species to treat liver diseases and food and drug intoxication. The compounds identified in Niuchangchih are predominantly polysaccharides, triterpenoids, steroids, benzenoids and maleic/succinic acid derivatives. Recent research has revealed that Niuchangchih possesses extensive biological activity, such as hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, immuno-modulatory, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The fruiting bodies and fermented products of Niuchangchih have been reported to exhibit activity when treating liver diseases, such as preventing ethanol-, CCl(4)- and cytokine-induced liver injury, inhibiting the hepatitis B virus, ameliorating fatty liver and liver fibrosis, and inhibiting liver cancer cells. This review will address the protective effects of Niuchangchih on the pathological development of liver diseases, and the underlying mechanisms of action are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Hua Ao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Iida T, Shiba H, Misawa T, Ohashi T, Eto Y, Yanaga K. Adenovirus-mediated CD40L gene therapy induced both humoral and cellular immunity against rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:2097-103. [PMID: 19016771 PMCID: PMC11159781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral-vector expressing CD40L (AxCAmCD40L)-mediated gene therapy was studied for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using CD40 ligand (CD40L) complementary DNA in rats. The particular focus was whether humoral immunity took part in antitumor effect. When tumor cells transduced by AxCAmCD40L were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of syngeneic rats, the tumor growth was suppressed. Intratumoral injection of AxCAmCD40L to pre-existing tumor in rats also led to significant reduction of tumor size. When tumor cells were re-implanted to prevention model rats and treatment model rats, no tumor growth was observed. Many studies to date have reported that cellular immunity induces antitumor immunity. However, the present study demonstrated that not only cellular immunity but also humoral immunity plays an essential role in a HCC model. These observations suggested that CD40L-mediated immune gene therapy for HCC was very effective treatment by activation of both cellular and humoral immune system.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunity, Cellular
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BUF
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Burden
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Iida
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Iida T, Shiba H, Misawa T, Ohashi T, Eto Y, Yanaga K. Adenovirus-mediated CD40L gene therapy induced both humoral and cellular immunity against rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
55
|
Qi Y, Chen X, Chan CY, Li D, Yuan C, Yu F, Lin MC, Yew DT, Kung HF, Lai L. Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis/analysis of diethylnitrosamine induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2682-8. [PMID: 18351647 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a known carcinogen that can alkylate DNA molecules. In rats, DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model is well established. In this study, we used a two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) system and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry to identify the differential expression protein profiles between the DEN-induced HCC and healthy liver cells. Western blotting and semiquantitative RT-PCR were used to further confirm the results. Seventeen differentially expressed spots were identified in DEN-induced HCC cells. Among all, the most prominent upregulated proteins include the members of the glutathione S-transferase super family, aldo-keto reductase superfamily and proteins involved in the response to oxidative stress. Downregulation was observed in 2 proteins that were known to contribute to hepatic dysfunction. This study provides the first comprehensive protein profiling of the DEN-induced HCC in rats. This model simulates the differential protein expression of human HCC and may be useful for further understanding the mechanism of HCC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Qi
- Institute of Molecular and Chemical Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Cheng W, Tseng CJ, Lin TTC, Cheng I, Pan HW, Hsu HC, Lee YM. Glypican-3-mediated oncogenesis involves the Insulin-like growth factor-signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:1319-26. [PMID: 18413366 PMCID: PMC2500215 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-3 (gpc3) is the gene responsible for Simpson-Golabi-Behmel overgrowth syndrome. Previously, we have shown that GPC3 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we demonstrated the mechanisms for GPC3-mediated oncogenesis. Firstly, GPC3 overexpression in NIH3T3 cells gave to cancer cell phenotypes including growing in serum-free medium and forming colonies in soft agar, or on the other way, GPC3 knockdown in HuH-7 cells decreased oncogenecity. We further demonstrated that GPC3 bound specifically through its N-terminal proline-rich region to both Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II and IGF-1R. GPC3 stimulated the phosphorylation of IGF-1R and the downstream signaling molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in an IGF-II-dependent way. Also, GPC3 knockdown in HCC cells decreased the phosphorylation of both IGF-1R and ERK. Therefore, GPC3 confers oncogenecity through the interaction between IGF-II and its receptor, and the subsequent activation of the IGF-signaling pathway. This data are novel to the current understanding of the role of GPC3 in HCC and will be important in future developments of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Thomas MB, Davila M, Abbruzzese JL. Stemming the tide of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma? J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:172-4. [PMID: 18182657 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.14.4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
58
|
Nahon P, Sutton A, Rufat P, Ziol M, Thabut G, Schischmanoff PO, Vidaud D, Charnaux N, Couvert P, Ganne-Carrie N, Trinchet JC, Gattegno L, Beaugrand M. Liver iron, HFE gene mutations, and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:102-10. [PMID: 18061182 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The influence of HFE gene mutations and liver iron overload on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence in patients with cirrhosis is subjected to controversial results. The aim of this work was to clarify this influence in a large cohort of prospectively followed-up cirrhotic patients classified according to the cause of their liver disease. METHODS Three hundred one consecutive cirrhotic patients (162 alcoholics and 139 HCV-infected patients) were included at time of diagnosis of cirrhosis and followed-up. Liver iron overload on initial biopsy according to modified Deugnier's score and C282Y/H63D HFE gene mutations were assessed. RESULTS In patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (mean iron score, 2.0 +/- 3.0; mean time of follow-up, 66.1 +/- 45.1 months), 40 (24.6%) developed HCC. Thirteen (8.02%) were heterozygotes for C282Y HFE gene mutation and had higher hepatic iron scores (3.6 +/- 3.8 vs 1.9 +/- 2.8, respectively, P = .05). In univariate analysis, liver iron overload as a continuous variable (HR, 1.23 [1.13-1.34], P < .001) or in binary coding with an optimal threshold of iron score >/=2.0 (HR, 4.1 [2.1-7.3], P < .0001) and C282Y mutation carriage (HR, 2.7 [1.2-6.3], P = .01) were risk factors for HCC. In multivariate analysis, liver iron and C282Y mutation carriage remained independent risk factors for HCC. In patients with HCV-related cirrhosis (C282Y mutation carriage, 17 [12.23%]; mean liver iron score, 0.9 +/- 1.9; mean time of follow-up, 85.5 +/- 42.1 months; HCC, 63 [45.32%] patients), C282Y mutation carriage and liver iron were not associated with HCC occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Liver iron overload and C282Y mutation are associated with a higher risk of HCC in patients with alcoholic but not HCV-related cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Nahon
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Balasubramaniyan V, Shukla R, Murugaiyan G, Bhonde RR, Nalini N. Mouse recombinant leptin protects human hepatoma HepG2 against apoptosis, TNF-alpha response and oxidative stress induced by the hepatotoxin-ethanol. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1136-44. [PMID: 17543459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Leptin is a 16-kDa antiobesity hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes. The role of leptin on alcohol-mediated effects in cell line is yet to be unraveled. Therefore, we investigated the effect of leptin against ethanol-elicited cytoxicity in human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2). HepG2 cells were treated with leptin (31.2 nM), ethanol (500 mM), ethanol+leptin and untreated cells served as control. 48 h after treatment, cell viability, apoptosis, TNF-alpha secretory response and oxidative damage were analysed. Our results suggest that leptin at a concentration of 31.2 nM prevents ethanol elicited cytotoxicity as evidenced by MTT and trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Leptin also inhibited ethanol-induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by [(3)H] thymidine uptake and cell cycle analysis using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Further, simultaneous leptin treatment along with ethanol showed protection against ethanol mediated cellular damage as indicated by significantly decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and significantly increased levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In addition, leptin downregulated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by ethanol-induced HepG2 cells. Our results demonstrate that simultaneous leptin treatment along with ethanol could be useful in preventing the damage produced by ethanol, which might be of therapeutic interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vairappan Balasubramaniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to acquaint the reader with advances in 2006 in the epidemiology, genetics, detection, pathogenesis and treatment of alcoholic liver disease. RECENT FINDINGS Important discoveries have been made in pathogenesis and mechanism of disease, with great emphasis on the many pathways leading to oxidative stress, and the novel mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress that is proving to be important in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases. The reliability of ethyl glucuronide and other biomarkers for the detection of alcohol abuse is being better established. There have been no treatment advances for alcoholic liver disease but, on balance, steroids are still favored for carefully selected patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Many compounds tested in rodents may now be available for consideration for clinical trials. Criteria for patient selection and refusal for liver transplantation are being established but the 6 months abstinence rule still holds. SUMMARY Insights are being made into the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease but safe and effective therapies for both alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis have yet to be discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Reuben
- Liver Service, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, And Liver Transplant Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Hepatic Fibrosis. FRONTIERS IN RESEARCH OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ON HUMAN DISEASE 2007. [PMCID: PMC7121340 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6372-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|