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Acovic A, Simovic Markovic B, Gazdic M, Arsenijevic A, Jovicic N, Gajovic N, Jovanovic M, Zdravkovic N, Kanjevac T, Harrell CR, Fellabaum C, Dolicanin Z, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent expansion of T-regulatory cells maintains mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818793558. [PMID: 30159037 PMCID: PMC6109841 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818793558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cell (DC)-derived indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) degrades tryptophan to kynurenine, which promotes conversion of inflammatory T cells in immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). We analyzed the significance of the IDO:Treg axis for inducing and maintaining mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in BALB/c mice (model for mucosal healing) and C57BL/6 mice (model for persistent disease) was used. Serum, fecal samples and colon-infiltrating immune cells of 65 patients with UC with mucosal healing or persistent colitis were analyzed. RESULTS Significantly higher serum levels of kynurenine and downregulated inflammatory cytokines were noticed in DSS-treated BALB/c mice compared with C57BL/6 mice. Increased IDO activity and attenuated capacity for antigen presentation and production of inflammatory cytokines, observed in BALB/c DCs, was followed by a significantly lower number of inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells and a notably increased number of Tregs in the colons of DSS-treated BALB/c mice. DCs and Tregs were crucially important for the maintenance of mucosal healing since their depletion aggravated colitis. Mucosal healing, followed by an increase in kynurenine and intestinal Tregs, was re-established when BALB/c DCs were transferred into DC-depleted or Treg-depleted DSS-treated BALB/c mice. This phenomenon was completely abrogated by the IDO inhibitor. Significantly higher serum and fecal levels of kynurenine, accompanied by an increased presence of intestinal Tregs, were noticed in patients with UC with mucosal healing and negatively correlated with disease severity, fecal calprotectin, colon-infiltrating interferon γ and interleukin-17-producing cells, serum and fecal levels of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION IDO-dependent expansion of endogenous Tregs should be further explored as a new approach for the induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Acovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia,Department of Dentistry, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Center for Gastroenterology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Natasa Zdravkovic
- Center for Gastroenterology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia,Department of Dentistry, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | | | - Zana Dolicanin
- State University of Novi Pazar, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse, Switzerland
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Wan S, Fu X, Ji Y, Li M, Shi X, Wang Y. FAK- and YAP/TAZ dependent mechanotransduction pathways are required for enhanced immunomodulatory properties of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by aligned fibrous scaffolds. Biomaterials 2018; 171:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Immunomodulation: Properties and Clinical Application. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3057624. [PMID: 30013600 PMCID: PMC6022321 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3057624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells characterized by self-renewal, production of clonal cell populations, and multilineage differentiation. They exist in nearly all tissues and play a significant role in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs possess wide immunoregulatory properties via interaction with immune cells in both innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to immunosuppression of various effector functions. Numerous bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs, particularly cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines, exert autocrine/paracrine effects that modulate the physiological processes of MSCs. These invaluable virtues of MSCs provide new insight into potential treatments for tissue damage and inflammation. In particular, their extensive immunosuppressive properties are being explored for promising therapeutic application in immune disorders. Recently, clinical trials for MSC-mediated therapies have rapidly developed for immune-related diseases following reports from preclinical studies declaring their therapeutic safety and efficacy. Though immunotherapy of MSCs remains controversial, these clinical trials pave the way for their widespread therapeutic application in immune-based diseases. In this review, we will summarize and update the latest research findings and clinical trials on MSC-based immunomodulation.
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Gazdic M, Markovic BS, Arsenijevic A, Jovicic N, Acovic A, Harrell CR, Fellabaum C, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and T regulatory cells is crucially important for the attenuation of acute liver injury. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:687-702. [PMID: 29500914 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the therapeutic options for the treatment of fulminant hepatitis is repopulation of intrahepatic regulatory cells because their pool is significantly reduced during acute liver failure. Although it is known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have beneficent effects in the therapy of fulminant hepatitis, may promote expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs), the role of these regulatory cells in MSC-mediated attenuation of acute liver injury is unknown. Herewith, we described the molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between MSCs and liver regulatory cells and analyzed the potential of MSC-based therapy for the expansion of intrahepatic regulatory cells in mouse model of acute liver failure. MSC-dependent attenuation of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced acute liver injury in mice was accompanied with an increased presence of interleukin (IL) 10-producing CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box P3+ Tregs and IL10- and transforming growth factor β-producing marginal zone-like Bregs in the liver. Depletion of Bregs did not alter MSC-based alleviation of acute liver failure, whereas depletion of Tregs completely abrogated hepatoprotective effects of MSCs and inhibited their capacity to attenuate hepatotoxicity of liver natural killer T cells (NKTs), indicating that Tregs, and not Bregs, were critically involved in MSC-based modulation of acute liver inflammation. MSCs, in a paracrine, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent manner, significantly increased the capacity of Tregs to produce immunosuppressive IL10 and to suppress hepatotoxicity of liver NKTs. Accordingly, adoptive transfer of MSC-primed Tregs resulted in the complete attenuation of α-GalCer-induced acute liver failure. In conclusion, our findings highlighted the crucial importance of Tregs for MSC-based attenuation of acute liver failure and indicated the significance of MSC-mediated priming of Tregs as a new therapeutic approach in Treg-based therapy of acute liver injury. Liver Transplantation 24 687-702 2018 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gazdic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Acovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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55
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Fiori A, Terlizzi V, Kremer H, Gebauer J, Hammes HP, Harmsen MC, Bieback K. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells as potential therapy in diabetic retinopathy. Immunobiology 2018; 223:729-743. [PMID: 29402461 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular disease induced by hyperglycemia and subsequent metabolic abnormalities. The resulting cell stress causes a sequela of events that ultimately can lead to severe vision impairment and blindness. The early stages are characterized by activation of glia and loss of pericytes, endothelial cells (EC) and neuronal cells. The integrity of the retinal microvasculature becomes affected, and, as a possible late response, macular edema may develop as a common reason for vision loss in patients with non-proliferative DR. Moreover, the local ischemia can trigger vasoproliferation leading to vision-threating proliferative DR (PDR) in humans. Available treatment options include control of metabolic and hemodynamic factors. Timely intervention of advanced DR stages with laser photocoagulation, intraocular anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or glucocorticoid drugs can reduce vision loss. As the pathology involves cell loss of both the vascular and neuroglial compartments, cell replacement strategies by stem and progenitor cells have gained considerable interest in the past years. Compared to other disease entities, so far little is known about the efficacy and potential mode of action of cell therapy in treatment of DR. In preclinical models of DR different cell types have been applied ranging from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and endothelial progenitor cells to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). The latter cell population can combine various modes of action (MoA), thus they are among the most intensely tested cell types in cell therapy. The aim of this review is to discuss the rationale for using MSC as potential cell therapy to treat DR. Accordingly, we will revise identified MoA of MSCs and speculate how these may support the repair of the damaged retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Fiori
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Terlizzi
- Dept. Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Kremer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Julian Gebauer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Dept. Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Germany.
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56
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Gornostaeva AN, Andreeva ER, Bobyleva PI, Buravkova LB. Interaction of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived stromal cells and unstimulated immune cells in vitro: the impact of cell-to-cell contact and hypoxia in the local milieu. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:299-312. [PMID: 28975481 PMCID: PMC5809659 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive tool for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Being applied in vivo, allogeneic MSCs are faced with both activated and unstimulated immune cells. The effects of MSCs on activated immune cells are well described and are mainly suppressive. Less is known about the interaction of MSCs with unstimulated immune cells. We evaluated the contribution of tissue-related O2 level ("physiological" hypoxia-5% O2) and cell-to-cell contact to the interaction between allogeneic adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs) and unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Under both O2 levels, ASCs affected the immune response by elevating the proportion of CD69+ T cells and modifying the functional activity of unstimulated PBMCs, providing a significant reduction of ROS level and activation of lysosome compartment. "Physiological" hypoxia partially attenuated the ASC modulation of PBMC function, reducing CD69+ cell activation and more significantly supressing ROS. In direct co-culture, the ASC effects were more pronounced. PBMC viability was preferentially maintained, and the lymphocyte subset ratio was altered in favour of B cells. Our findings demonstrate that allogeneic ASCs do not enhance the activation of unstimulated immune cells and can provide supportive functions. The "hypoxic" phenotype of ASCs may be more "desirable" for the interaction with allogeneic immune cells that may be required in cell therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra N Gornostaeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76a, Moscow, Russia, 123007
| | - Elena R Andreeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76a, Moscow, Russia, 123007.
| | - Polina I Bobyleva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76a, Moscow, Russia, 123007
| | - Ludmila B Buravkova
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse, 76a, Moscow, Russia, 123007
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57
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Kay AG, Long G, Tyler G, Stefan A, Broadfoot SJ, Piccinini AM, Middleton J, Kehoe O. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Reduces Disease Severity and Immune Responses in Inflammatory Arthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18019. [PMID: 29269885 PMCID: PMC5740178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (CM-MSC) as an alternative to cell therapy in an antigen-induced model of arthritis (AIA). Disease severity and cartilage loss were evaluated by histopathological analysis of arthritic knee joints and immunostaining of aggrecan neoepitopes. Cell proliferation was assessed for activated and naïve CD4+ T cells from healthy mice following culture with CM-MSC or co-culture with MSCs. T cell polarization was analysed in CD4+ T cells isolated from spleens and lymph nodes of arthritic mice treated with CM-MSC or MSCs. CM-MSC treatment significantly reduced knee-joint swelling, histopathological signs of AIA, cartilage loss and suppressed TNFα induction. Proliferation of CD4+ cells from spleens of healthy mice was not affected by CM-MSC but reduced when cells were co-cultured with MSCs. In the presence of CM-MSC or MSCs, increases in IL-10 concentration were observed in culture medium. Finally, CD4+ T cells from arthritic mice treated with CM-MSC showed increases in FOXP3 and IL-4 expression and positively affected the Treg:Th17 balance in the tissue. CM-MSC treatment reduces cartilage damage and suppresses immune responses by reducing aggrecan cleavage, enhancing Treg function and adjusting the Treg:Th17 ratio. CM-MSC may provide an effective cell-free therapy for inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair G Kay
- Biology Department, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, UK.,ISTM at RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, UK
| | - Grace Long
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - George Tyler
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Andrei Stefan
- ISTM at RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, UK
| | | | | | - Jim Middleton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Oksana Kehoe
- ISTM at RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Keele University, Oswestry, UK.
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58
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Andreeva E, Bobyleva P, Gornostaeva A, Buravkova L. Interaction of multipotent mesenchymal stromal and immune cells: Bidirectional effects. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1152-1166. [PMID: 28823421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered one of the key players in physiological remodeling and tissue reparation. Elucidation of MSC functions is one of the most intriguing issues in modern cell physiology. In the present review, the interaction of MSCs and immune cells is discussed in terms of reciprocal effects, which modifies the properties of "partner" cells with special focus on the contribution of direct cell-to-cell contacts, soluble mediators and local microenvironmental factors, the most important of which is oxygen tension. The immunosuppressive phenomenon of MSCs is considered as the integral part of the response-to-injury mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Andreeva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Bobyleva
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ludmila Buravkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Gazdic M, Simovic Markovic B, Vucicevic L, Nikolic T, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N, Trajkovic V, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Mesenchymal stem cells protect from acute liver injury by attenuating hepatotoxicity of liver natural killer T cells in an inducible nitric oxide synthase- and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent manner. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1173-e1185. [PMID: 28488390 DOI: 10.1002/term.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the phenotype and function of natural killer T (NKT) cells is not understood. We used concanavalin A (Con A) and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced liver injury to evaluate the effects of MSCs on NKT-dependent hepatotoxicity. Mouse MSCs (mMSCs) significantly reduced Con A- and α-GalCer-mediated hepatitis in C57Bl/6 mice, as demonstrated by histopathological and biochemical analysis, attenuated the influx of inflammatory [T-bet+ , tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing and GATA3+ , interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing] liver NKT cells and downregulated TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in the sera. The liver NKT cells cultured in vitro with mMSCs produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4) and higher amounts of immunosuppressive IL-10 upon α-GalCer stimulation. mMSC treatment attenuated expression of apoptosis-inducing ligands on liver NKT cells and suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in the livers of α-GalCer-treated mice. mMSCs reduced the cytotoxicity of liver NKT cells against hepatocytes in vitro. The presence of 1-methyl-dl-tryptophan, a specific inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), or l-NG -monomethyl arginine citrate, a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in mMSC-conditioned medium injected into α-GalCer-treated mice, counteracted the hepatoprotective effect of mMSCs in vivo and restored pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxicity of NKT cells in vitro. Human MSCs attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines in α-GalCer-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an iNOS- and IDO-dependent manner and reduced their cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. In conclusion, MSCs protect from acute liver injury by attenuating the cytotoxicity and capacity of liver NKT cells to produce inflammatory cytokines in an iNOS- and IDO-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gazdic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Milosavljevic N, Gazdic M, Simovic Markovic B, Arsenijevic A, Nurkovic J, Dolicanin Z, Djonov V, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate acute liver injury by altering ratio between interleukin 17 producing and regulatory natural killer T cells. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:1040-1050. [PMID: 28481005 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are, due to immunomodulatory characteristics, considered as novel agents in the treatment of immune-mediated acute liver failure. Although it is known that MSCs can regulate activation of T lymphocytes, their capacity to modulate function of neutrophils and natural killer T (NKT) cells, major interleukin (IL) 17-producing cells in acute liver injury, is still unknown. By using 2 well-established murine models of neutrophil and NKT cell-mediated acute liver failure (induced by carbon tetrachloride and α-galactoceramide), we investigated molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated modulation of IL17 signaling during acute liver injury. Single intravenous injection of MSCs attenuate acute hepatitis and hepatotoxicity of NKT cells in a paracrine, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-dependent manner. Decreased levels of inflammatory IL17 and increased levels of immunosuppressive IL10 in serum, reduced number of interleukin 17-producing natural killer T (NKT17) cells, and increased presence of forkhead box P3 + IL10-producing natural killer T regulatory cells (NKTregs) were noticed in the injured livers of MSC-treated mice. MSCs did not significantly alter the total number of IL17-producing neutrophils, CD4+, and CD8 + T lymphocytes in the injured livers. Injection of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) resulted with an increased NKTreg/NKT17 ratio in the liver and attenuated hepatitis in vivo and significantly reduced hepatotoxicity of NKT cells in vitro. This phenomenon was completely abrogated in the presence of IDO inhibitor, 1-methyltryptophan. In conclusion, the capacity of MSCs to alter NKT17/NKTreg ratio and suppress hepatotoxicity of NKT cells in an IDO-dependent manner may be used as a new therapeutic approach in IL17-driven liver inflammation. Liver Transplantation 23 1040-1050 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Milosavljevic
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Jasmin Nurkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolicanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | | | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in iNOS-Dependent Manner. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1315378. [PMID: 28828008 PMCID: PMC5554561 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1315378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are, due to their immunomodulatory characteristics, utilized in therapy of immune-mediated diseases. We used murine model of cisplatin nephrotoxicity to explore the effects of MSCs on immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Intraperitoneal application of MSCs significantly attenuated cisplatin nephrotoxicity, decreased inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-17, and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10, IL-6, nitric oxide (NO), and kynurenine in sera of cisplatin-treated mice. MSC treatment significantly attenuated influx of leukocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, CD4+ T helper (Th), and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in damaged kidneys and attenuated the capacity of renal-infiltrated DCs, CD4+ Th, and CD8+ CTLs to produce TNF-α and IL-17. Similar effects were observed after intraperitoneal injection of MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) indicating that MSCs exert their beneficial effects in paracrine manner. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in MSC-CM resulted with increased number of TNF-α-producing DCs and IL-17-producing CTLs, decreased number of IL-10-producing tolerogenic DCs and regulatory CD4+FoxP3+ T cells, and completely diminished renoprotective effects of MSC-CM. In conclusion, MSCs, in iNOS-dependent manner, attenuated inflammation in cisplatin nephrotoxicity by reducing the influx and capacity of immune cells, particularly DCs and T lymphocytes, to produce inflammatory cytokines.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Metastasis of Lung Cancer Cells by Downregulating Systemic Antitumor Immune Response. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6294717. [PMID: 28798777 PMCID: PMC5534320 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6294717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since majority of systemically administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) become entrapped within the lungs, we used metastatic model of lung cancer, induced by intravenous injection of Lewis lung cancer 1 (LLC1) cells, to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-mediated modulation of metastasis. MSCs significantly augmented lung cancer metastasis, attenuate concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17), and increase levels of immunosuppressive IL-10, nitric oxide, and kynurenine in sera of LLC1-treated mice. MSCs profoundly reduced infiltration of macrophages, TNF-α-producing dendritic cells (DCs), TNF-α-, and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells but increased IL-10-producing CD4+ T lymphocytes in the lungs of tumor-bearing animals. The total number of lung-infiltrated, cytotoxic FasL, perforin-expressing, TNF-α-, and IL-17-producing CD8+ T lymphocytes, and NKG2D-expressing natural killer (NK) cells was significantly reduced in LLC1 + MSC-treated mice. Cytotoxicity of NK cells was suppressed by MSC-conditioned medium. This phenomenon was abrogated by the inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), suggesting the importance of iNOS and IDO for MSC-mediated suppression of antitumor cytotoxicity of NK cells. This study provides the evidence that MSCs promote lung cancer metastasis by suppressing antitumor immune response raising concerns regarding safety of MSC-based therapy in patients who have genetic susceptibility for malignant diseases.
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Intrinsic Variability Present in Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells and T Cell Responses May Impact Cell Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8492797. [PMID: 28757881 PMCID: PMC5516721 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8492797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC) exhibit immunomodulatory effects on T cell response. WJ-MSC are easy to collect, process, and proliferate rapidly in culture, but information on the variability of individual cell samples impacting upon in vitro expansion, immunomodulatory potential, and aging processes is still lacking. We propose to evaluate the immunomodulatory cytokine profile and capacity to inhibit T cell proliferation of WJ-MSC progressing to replicative senescence in order to analyze if expected responses are affected. Our results show that the gene expression of immunomodulatory molecules varied among samples with no specific pattern present. In coculture, all WJ-MSC were capable of inhibiting mitogen-activated CD3+ T cell proliferation, although to different degrees, and each PBMC responded with a different level of inhibition. Thus, we suggest that each WJ-MSC displays unique behavior, differing in patterns of cytokine mRNA expression and immunomodulatory capacity. We believe that variability between samples may play a role in the effectiveness of WJ-MSC employed therapeutically.
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Sierra-Parraga JM, Eijken M, Hunter J, Moers C, Leuvenink H, Møller B, Ploeg RJ, Baan CC, Jespersen B, Hoogduijn MJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Anti-Inflammatory and Regenerative Mediators for Donor Kidneys During Normothermic Machine Perfusion. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1162-1170. [PMID: 28557562 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great demand for transplant kidneys for the treatment of end-stage kidney disease patients. To expand the donor pool, organs from older and comorbid brain death donors, so-called expanded criteria donors (ECD), as well as donation after circulatory death donors, are considered for transplantation. However, the quality of these organs may be inferior to standard donor organs. A major issue affecting graft function and survival is ischemia/reperfusion injury, which particularly affects kidneys from deceased donors. The development of hypothermic machine perfusion has been introduced in kidney transplantation as a preservation technique and has improved outcomes in ECD and marginal organs compared to static cold storage. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is the most recent evolution of perfusion technology and allows assessment of the donor organ before transplantation. The possibility to control the content of the perfusion fluid offers opportunities for damage control and reparative therapies during machine perfusion. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been demonstrated to possess potent regenerative properties via the release of paracrine effectors. The combination of NMP and MSC administration at the same time is a promising procedure in the field of transplantation. Therefore, the MePEP consortium has been created to study this novel modality of treatment in preparation for human trials. MePEP aims to assess the therapeutic effects of MSC administered ex vivo by NMP in the mechanisms of injury and repair in a porcine kidney autotransplantation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Maria Sierra-Parraga
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Eijken
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine and Nephrology C, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James Hunter
- 3 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Moers
- 4 Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Leuvenink
- 4 Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bjarne Møller
- 5 Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rutger J Ploeg
- 3 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carla C Baan
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bente Jespersen
- 6 Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Meng X, Li J, Yu M, Yang J, Zheng M, Zhang J, Sun C, Liang H, Liu L. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing IL10 attenuates cardiac impairments in rats with myocardial infarction. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:587-595. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Department of UltrasonographyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Radiation OncologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of UltrasonographyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Minjuan Zheng
- Department of UltrasonographyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jinzhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of UltrasonographyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Hongliang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of UltrasonographyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Colbath AC, Dow SW, Phillips JN, McIlwraith CW, Goodrich LR. Autologous and Allogeneic Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibit Equivalent Immunomodulatory Properties In Vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:503-511. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aimée C. Colbath
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven W. Dow
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Shah SR, Smith BT, Tatara AM, Molina ER, Lee EJ, Piepergerdes TC, Uhrig BA, Guldberg RE, Bennett GN, Wenke JC, Mikos AG. Effects of Local Antibiotic Delivery from Porous Space Maintainers on Infection Clearance and Induction of an Osteogenic Membrane in an Infected Bone Defect. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:91-100. [PMID: 27998243 PMCID: PMC5312600 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects can be complicated by the presence of both infection and local antibiotic administration. This can be addressed through a two-stage reconstructive approach, called the Masquelet technique, that involves the generation of an induced osteogenic membrane over a temporary poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) space maintainer, followed by definitive reconstruction after the induced membrane is formed. Given that infection and antibiotic delivery each have independent effects on local tissue response, the objective of this study is to evaluate the interaction between local clindamycin release and bacterial contamination with regards to infection prevention and the restoration of pro-osteogenic gene expression in the induced membrane. Porous PMMA space maintainers with or without clindamycin were implanted in an 8 mm rat femoral defect model with or without Staphylococcus aureus inoculation for 28 days in a full-factorial study design (four groups, n = 8/group). Culture results demonstrated that 8/8 animals in the inoculated/no antibiotic group were infected at 4 weeks, which was significantly reduced to 1/8 animals in the inoculated/antibiotic group. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that clindamycin treatment restores inflammatory cytokine and growth factor expression to the same levels as the no inoculation/no antibiotic group, demonstrating that clindamycin can ameliorate the negative effects of bacterial inoculation and does not itself negatively impact the expression of important cytokines. Main effect analysis shows that bacterial inoculation and clindamycin treatment have independent and interacting effects on the gene expression profile of the induced membrane, further highlighting that antibiotics play an important role in the regeneration of infected defects apart from their antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita R. Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Eric R. Molina
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Esther J. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Brent A. Uhrig
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Joseph C. Wenke
- Extremity Trauma & Regenerative Medicine, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas
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68
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Chow L, Johnson V, Coy J, Regan D, Dow S. Mechanisms of Immune Suppression Utilized by Canine Adipose and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:374-389. [PMID: 27881051 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from rodents and humans have been shown to suppress T cells by distinct primary pathways, with nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathways dominating in rodents and indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase (IDO)-dependent pathways dominating in humans. However, the immune suppressive pathways utilized by canine MSC have not been thoroughly studied, nor have bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) and adipose-derived MSC (Ad-MSC) been directly compared for their immune modulatory potency or pathway utilization. Therefore, canine BM-MSC and Ad-MSC were generated in vitro and their potency in suppressing T cell proliferation and cytokine production was compared, and differential gene expression. Mechanisms of T cells suppression were also investigated for both MSC types. We found that BM-MSC and Ad-MSC were roughly equivalent in terms of their ability to suppress T cell activation. However, the two MSC types used both shared and distinct biochemical pathways to suppress T cell activation. Ad-MSC utilized TGF-β signaling pathways and adenosine signaling to suppress T cell activation, whereas BM-MSC used cyclooxygenase, TGF-β and adenosine signaling pathways to suppress T cell activation. These results indicate that canine MSC are distinct from human and rodent MSC terms of their immune suppressive pathways, relying primarily on cyclooxygenase and TGF-β pathways for T cell suppression, rather than on NO or IDO-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndah Chow
- 1 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado.,2 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Valerie Johnson
- 1 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado.,2 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Jonathan Coy
- 1 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado.,2 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Dan Regan
- 1 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado.,2 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven Dow
- 1 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado.,2 Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Ft. Collins, Colorado
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69
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Yu HS, Park MK, Kang SA, Cho KS, Mun SJ, Roh HJ. Culture supernatant of adipose stem cells can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation via recruitment of CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 T cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:8. [PMID: 28114970 PMCID: PMC5259897 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous study, we demonstrated that intravenous administration of adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs) could significantly reduce allergic symptoms and suppress eosinophilic inflammation. Methods To evaluate the secretome of ASCs, we administrated culture supernatant of ASCs (ASC sup, which contains the ASC secretome) and uncultured fresh medium (con sup) into a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Subsequently we observed the mice for signs of inflammation and investigated Th1-, Th2-, and Treg-related cytokine levels as well as recruitment of Treg cells into the airway. Results We found that ASC sup could ameliorate allergic airway inflammation in this model; the value of airway hyperresponsiveness, and the occurrence of inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung, as well as the number of eosinophils, and goblet cells in the lung epithelium were all significantly decreased by ASC sup treatment. In addition, ASC sup treatment significantly decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and in culture medium of lung-draining lymph node cells of the animal model of acute asthma. We detected numerous CTLA-4 and Foxp3-expressing cells in the lung after ASC sup treatment. ASC sup was found to have a higher concentration of IL-10 and TGF-β compared to con sup. Conclusions Stem cells have powerful potential for therapeutic functions in various diseases, but they also have many drawbacks. In this study, we found strong immunosuppressive ability of ASC sup in an allergic airway mouse model. It may be possible to use ASC sup for treatment of many immunological diseases in the near future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0462-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 project, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- Department of Parasitology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 project, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 project, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sup Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Jean Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-li, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Yangsan, 626-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Jung Roh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-li, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Yangsan, 626-770, Republic of Korea.
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70
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Fechter K, Dorronsoro A, Jakobsson E, Ferrin I, Lang V, Sepulveda P, Pennington DJ, Trigueros C. IFNγ Regulates Activated Vδ2+ T Cells through a Feedback Mechanism Mediated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169362. [PMID: 28076364 PMCID: PMC5226805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a role in a wide range of diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. The majority of circulating human γδ T lymphocytes express a Vγ9Vδ2+ (Vδ2+) T cell receptor (TCR) and following activation release pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we show that IFNγ, produced by Vδ2+ cells, activates mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated immunosupression, which in turn exerts a negative feedback mechanism on γδ T cell function ranging from cytokine production to proliferation. Importantly, this modulatory effect is limited to a short period of time (<24 hours) post-T cell activation, after which MSCs can no longer exert their immunoregulatory capacity. Using genetically modified MSCs with the IFNγ receptor 1 constitutively silenced, we demonstrate that IFNγ is essential to this process. Activated γδ T cells induce expression of several factors by MSCs that participate in the depletion of amino acids. In particular, we show that indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme involved in L-tryptophan degradation, is responsible for MSC-mediated immunosuppression of Vδ2+ T cells. Thus, our data demonstrate that γδ T cell responses can be immuno-modulated by different signals derived from MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Fechter
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Akaitz Dorronsoro
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Emma Jakobsson
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Izaskun Ferrin
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Valérie Lang
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepulveda
- Fundación para la Investigación Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel J. Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - César Trigueros
- Fundación Inbiomed, Foundation for Stem Cell Research, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Paseo Mikeletegi, San Sebastián, Spain
- * E-mail:
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71
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Lee JS, Yoon H, Yoon D, Kim GH, Yang HT, Chun W. Development of hepatic blocks using human adipose tissue-derived stem cells through three-dimensional cell printing techniques. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1098-1107. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, most acute liver diseases are treated through liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Lee
- Burn Institute
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
- Seoul
| | - Hyeon Yoon
- Burn Institute
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
- Seoul
| | - Dajeong Yoon
- Burn Institute
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
- Seoul
| | - Geun Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- South Korea
| | - Hyeong Tae Yang
- Department of Surgery
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
- Youngdeungpo-dong
| | - Wook Chun
- Burn Institute
- Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital
- College of Medicine
- Hallym University
- Seoul
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72
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LL-37 boosts immunosuppressive function of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:189. [PMID: 28038684 PMCID: PMC5203704 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although promising for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) treatment, MSC therapy still faces important challenges. For instance, increasing MSC migratory capacity as well as potentializing immune response suppression are of interest. For GvHD management, preventing opportunistic infections is also a valuable strategy, since immunocompromised patients are easy targets for infections. LL-37 is a host defense peptide (HDP) that has been deeply investigated due to its immunomodulatory function. In this scenario, the combination of MSC and LL-37 may result in a robust combination to be clinically used. METHODS In the present study, the effects of LL-37 upon the proliferation and migratory capacity of human placenta-derived MSCs (pMSCs) were assessed by MTT and wound scratch assays. The influence of LL-37 over the immunosuppressive function of pMSCs was then investigated using CFSE cell division kit. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the effects observed. RESULTS LL-37 had no detrimental effects over MSC proliferation and viability, as assessed by MTT assay. Moreover, the peptide promoted increased migratory behavior of pMSCs and enhanced their immunomodulatory function over activated human PBMCs. Strikingly, our data shows that LL-37 treatment leads to increased TLR3 levels, as shown by flow cytometry, and to an increased expression of factors classically related to immunosuppression, namely IDO, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our observations may serve as groundwork for the development of new therapeutic strategies based on the combined use of LL-37 and MSCs, which may provide patients not only with an enhanced immunosuppression regime, but also with an agent to prevent opportunistic infections.
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73
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Samadikuchaksaraei A, Mehdipour A, Habibi Roudkenar M, Verdi J, Joghataei MT, As'adi K, Amiri F, Dehghan Harati M, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Karkuki Osguei N. A Dermal Equivalent Engineered with TGF-β3 Expressing Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Amniotic Membrane: Cosmetic Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Wounds in Rats. Artif Organs 2016; 40:E266-E279. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Ahmad Mehdipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Kamran As'adi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht
| | - Mozhgan Dehghan Harati
- Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology; University Hospital Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
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Mennan C, Brown S, McCarthy H, Mavrogonatou E, Kletsas D, Garcia J, Balain B, Richardson J, Roberts S. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from whole human umbilical cord exhibit similar properties to those derived from Wharton's jelly and bone marrow. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1054-1066. [PMID: 27833846 PMCID: PMC5095143 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be isolated from several regions of human umbilical cords, including Wharton's jelly (WJ), artery, vein or cord lining. These MSC appear to be immune privileged and are promising candidates for cell therapy. However, isolating MSC from WJ, artery, vein or cord lining requires time-consuming tissue dissection. MSC can be obtained easily via briefly digesting complete segments of the umbilical cord, likely containing heterogenous or mixed populations of MSC (MC-MSC). MC-MSC are generally less well characterized than WJ-MSC, but nevertheless represent a potentially valuable population of MSC. This study aimed to further characterize MC-MSC in comparison to WJ-MSC and also the better-characterized bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC). MC-MSC proliferated faster, with significantly faster doubling times reaching passage one 8.8 days sooner and surviving longer in culture than WJ-MSC. All MSC retained the safety aspect of reducing telomere length with increasing passage number. MSC were also assessed for their ability to suppress T-cell proliferation and for the production of key markers of pluripotency, embryonic stem cells, tolerogenicity (CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR) and immunomodulation (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [IDO] and HLA-G). The MC-MSC population displayed all of the positive attributes of WJ-MSC and BM-MSC, but they were more efficient to obtain and underwent more population doublings than from WJ, suggesting that MC-MSC are promising candidates for allogeneic cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mennan
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Sharon Brown
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Helen McCarthy
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and AgeingInstitute of Biosciences and ApplicationsNational Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”AthensGreece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and AgeingInstitute of Biosciences and ApplicationsNational Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”AthensGreece
| | - John Garcia
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Birender Balain
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - James Richardson
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
| | - Sally Roberts
- The Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Science & Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityOswestryShropshireUK
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75
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Modulation of Immunoregulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Toll-Like Receptors: Potential Applications on GVHD. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9434250. [PMID: 27738438 PMCID: PMC5050362 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9434250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted a lot of attention, due to their potential applicability in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a condition frequently associated with opportunistic infections. The present review addresses how Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPS) modulate the immunosuppressive phenotype of human MSCs by signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Overall, we observed that regardless of the source tissue, human MSCs express TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9. Stimulation of distinct TLRs on MSCs elicits distinct inflammatory signaling pathways, differentially influencing the expression of inflammatory factors and the ability of MSCs to suppress the proliferation of immune system cells. The capacity to enhance the immunosuppressive phenotype of MSCs through TLRs stimulation might be properly elucidated in order to improve the MSC-based immunotherapy against GVHD.
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76
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Gu SR, Kang YG, Shin JW, Shin JW. Simultaneous engagement of mechanical stretching and surface pattern promotes cardiomyogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:252-258. [PMID: 27546303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely recognized and proved that biophysical factors for mimicking in vivo conditions should be also considered to have stem cells differentiated into desired cell type in vitro along with biochemical factors. Biophysical factors include substrate and biomechanical conditions. This study focused on the effect of biomimetic mechanical stretching along with changes in substrate topography to influence on cardiomyogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Elastic micropatterned substrates were made to mimic the geometric conditions surrounding cells in vivo. To mimic biomechanical conditions due to beating of the heart, mechanical stretching was applied parallel to the direction of the pattern (10% elongation, 0.5 Hz, 4 h/day). Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) was used as a biochemical factor. The micropatterned substrate was found more effective in the alignment of cytoskeleton and cardiomyogenic differentiation compared with flat substrate. Significantly higher expression levels of related markers [GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), troponin I, troponin T, natriuretic peptide A (NPPA)] were observed when mechanical stretching was engaged on micropatterned substrate. In addition, 4 days of mechanical stretching was associated with higher levels of expression than 2 days of stretching. These results indicate that simultaneous engagement of biomimetic environment such as substrate pattern and mechanical stimuli effectively promotes the cardiomyogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. The suggested method which tried to mimic in vivo microenvironment would provide systematic investigation to control cardiomyogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Rin Gu
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center/Institute of Aged Life Redesign/UHARC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea.
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77
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Liu W, Gao Y, Li H, Wang H, Ye M, Jiang G, Chen Y, Liu Y, Kong J, Liu W, Sun M, Hou M, Yu K. Intravenous transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells has therapeutic effects in a sepsis mouse model through inhibition of septic natural killer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:93-103. [PMID: 27521657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells is a promising strategy for treating sepsis. Natural killer cells are important in the development of sepsis, and their functions can be inhibited by mesenchymal stromal cells, we asked whether mesenchymal stromal cells exert their therapeutic effects through inhibiting the functions of natural killer cells in a septic mouse model generated with cecal ligation puncture method. Using co-cultures of cells, small interfering RNA, enzyme-linked immnuosorbent assays, fluorescence assays, western blotting, and pathological examination, we investigated the levels of inflammatory cytokines, proliferation of natural killer cells, inflammatory infiltration of important organs in mice, and activity of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway and found that mesenchymal stromal cells inhibited the function and proliferation of septic natural killer cells, increased interleukin-10 levels and increased the expression of components, such as Janus kinase 1, Janus kinase 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that mesenchymal stromal cells have their therapeutic effect in the septic mouse model through inhibiting the function and proliferation of septic natural killer cells. This biological process may involve interleukin-10 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 as well as other pathway components in the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells is an effective strategy to treat sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Liu
- Depatment of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Depatment of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Depatment of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Depatment of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Depatment of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Depatment of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Province Heilongjiang, China; Depatment of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Depatment of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junying Kong
- Depatment of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Province Heilongjiang, China; Depatment of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of intensive Care Unit (ICU), Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China.
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78
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Luk F, de Witte SFH, Korevaar SS, Roemeling-van Rhijn M, Franquesa M, Strini T, van den Engel S, Gargesha M, Roy D, Dor FJMF, Horwitz EM, de Bruin RWF, Betjes MGH, Baan CC, Hoogduijn MJ. Inactivated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Maintain Immunomodulatory Capacity. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1342-54. [PMID: 27349989 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are studied as a cell therapeutic agent for treatment of various immune diseases. However, therapy with living culture-expanded cells comes with safety concerns. Furthermore, development of effective MSC immunotherapy is hampered by lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of action and the therapeutic components of MSC. Such knowledge allows better identification of diseases that are responsive to MSC treatment, optimization of the MSC product, and development of therapy based on functional components of MSC. To close in on the components that carry the therapeutic immunomodulatory activity of MSC, we generated MSC that were unable to respond to inflammatory signals or secrete immunomodulatory factors, but preserved their cellular integrity [heat-inactivated MSC (HI-MSC)]. Secretome-deficient HI-MSC and control MSC showed the same biodistribution and persistence after infusion in mice with ischemic kidney injury. Both control and HI-MSC induced mild inflammatory responses in healthy mice and dramatic increases in interleukin-10, and reductions in interferon gamma levels in sepsis mice. In vitro experiments showed that opposite to control MSC, HI-MSC lacked the capability to suppress T-cell proliferation or induce regulatory B-cell formation. However, both HI-MSC and control MSC modulated monocyte function in response to lipopolysaccharides. The results of this study demonstrate that, in particular disease models, the immunomodulatory effect of MSC does not depend on their secretome or active cross-talk with immune cells, but on recognition of MSC by monocytic cells. These findings provide a new view on MSC-induced immunomodulation and help identify key components of the therapeutic effects of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka Luk
- 1 Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samantha F H de Witte
- 1 Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander S Korevaar
- 1 Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marcella Franquesa
- 1 Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja Strini
- 1 Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra van den Engel
- 3 Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frank J M F Dor
- 3 Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- 5 The Research Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- 3 Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- 1 Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- 1 Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- 1 Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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79
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Doni A, D'Amico G, Morone D, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. Humoral innate immunity at the crossroad between microbe and matrix recognition: The role of PTX3 in tissue damage. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 61:31-40. [PMID: 27476448 PMCID: PMC5419421 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is involved in regulating inflammatory and tissue repair responses to injury. In particular, humoral innate immunity plays functions related to wound clearance from tissue debris, and regulation of macrophage and stromal cell activities. PTX3, a component of humoral innate immunity, orchestrates tissue repair by interacting with plasminogen and fibrin. Fluid-phase molecules of innate immunity interact with elements of the extracellular matrix, and some of the latter display opsonic activity against certain bacterial species. Thus, recognition of extracellular matrix and microbial components is a recurrent theme in the humoral arm of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Doni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Diego Morone
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
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80
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Rovira J, Diekmann F, Campistol JM, Ramírez-Bajo MJ. Therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles in acute and chronic renal injury. Nefrologia 2016; 37:126-137. [PMID: 27462016 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new cell-to-cell communication system was discovered in the 1990s, which involves the release of vesicles into the extracellular space. These vesicles shuttle bioactive particles, including proteins, mRNA, miRNA, metabolites, etc. This particular communication has been conserved throughout evolution, which explains why most cell types are capable of producing vesicles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the regulation of different physiological processes, as well as in the development and progression of several diseases. EVs have been widely studied over recent years, especially those produced by embryonic and adult stem cells, blood cells, immune system and nervous system cells, as well as tumour cells. EV analysis from bodily fluids has been used as a diagnostic tool for cancer and recently for different renal diseases. However, this review analyses the importance of EVs generated by stem cells, their function and possible clinical application in renal diseases and kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Rovira
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Barcelona, España; Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España
| | - Fritz Diekmann
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Barcelona, España; Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España; Departamento de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Institut Clínic de Nefrologia i Urologia (ICNU), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España.
| | - Josep M Campistol
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Barcelona, España; Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España; Departamento de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Institut Clínic de Nefrologia i Urologia (ICNU), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
| | - María José Ramírez-Bajo
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Barcelona, España
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81
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Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce T Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest by Expression of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7495135. [PMID: 27418932 PMCID: PMC4932168 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7495135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that human mesenchymal stem cells are able to inhibit T lymphocyte activation; however, the discrepancy among different sources of MSCs is not well documented. In this study, we have compared the MSCs from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), placenta (PL), and umbilical cord (UC) to determine which one displayed the most efficient immunosuppressive effects on phytohemagglutinin-induced T cell proliferation. Among them we found that hUC-MSC has the strongest effects on inhibiting T cell proliferation and is chosen to do the further study. We observed that T lymphocyte spontaneously released abundant IFN-γ. And IFN-γ secreted by T lymphocyte could induce the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in hUC-MSCs. IDO was previously reported to induce T lymphocyte apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S phase. When cocultured with hUC-MSCs, T lymphocyte expression of caspase 3 was significantly increased, while Bcl2 and CDK4 mRNA expression decreased dramatically. Addition of 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT), an IDO inhibitor, restored T lymphocyte proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and induced resumption of the cell cycle. In addition, the changes in caspase 3, CDK4, and Bcl2 expression were reversed by 1-MT. These findings demonstrate that hUC-MSCs induce T lymphocyte apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by expressing abundant IDO and provide an explanation for some of the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs.
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82
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Pourgholaminejad A, Aghdami N, Baharvand H, Moazzeni SM. The effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on immunophenotype, differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory functions of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cytokine 2016; 85:51-60. [PMID: 27288632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as cells with potential clinical utilities, have demonstrated preferential incorporation into inflammation sites. Immunophenotype and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs could alter by inflamed-microenvironments due to the local pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu. A major cellular mediator with specific function in promoting inflammation and pathogenicity of autoimmunity are IL-17-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells that polarize in inflamed sites in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-23. Since MSCs are promising candidate for cell-based therapeutic strategies in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, Th17 cell polarizing factors may alter MSCs phenotype and function. In this study, human bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSC) were cultured with or without IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23 as pro-inflammatory cytokines. The surface markers and their differentiation capacity were measured in cytokine-untreated and cytokine-treated MSCs. MSCs-mediated immunomodulation was analyzed by their regulatory effects on mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the level of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α production as immunomodulatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines showed no effect on MSCs morphology, immunophenotype and co-stimulatory molecules except up-regulation of CD45. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity increased in CD45+ MSCs. Moreover, cytokine-treated MSCs preserved the suppressive ability of allogeneic T cell proliferation and produced higher level of TGF-β and lower level of IL-4. We concluded pro-inflammatory cytokines up-regulate the efficacy of MSCs in cell-based therapy of degenerative, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Pourgholaminejad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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83
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No significant effects of Poly(I:C) on human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of B6.MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:55-60. [PMID: 27316386 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to compare the curative effect and immunoregulation between MSCs activated by Poly(I:C) for 24hours and unactivated MSCs on lupus mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs were pretreated by Poly(I:C) at 50μg/mL for 24h. B6.MRL-Fas(lpr) mice were divided into UC-MSC treated group, FLS treated group, Poly(I:C) preconditioned MSC treated group (P-MSC) and untreated group randomly. All treated mice were infused with 1×10(6) MSCs or FLSs at the 24th week and were sacrificed 4 weeks later. The spleen weight, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, serum anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody levels, immune cell subsets, renal lesions and IgG deposition in the kidney were evaluated. The effects of two kinds of MSCs on the proliferation and apoptosis of CD4+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. The TLR3 expression at protein level in MSCs was assessed with and without Poly(I:C) treatment. The expression of immunoregulatory factors were detected by qRT-PCR in different dose and duration of Poly(I:C). RESULT Poly(I:C) preconditioned MSCs had similar therapeutic effects in lupus mice compared with untreated MSCs in vivo. Furthermore, Poly(I:C) treated MSCs and untreated MSCs had comparable inhibitory effects on proliferation of T cells, and Poly(I:C) could enhance the expression of TLR3 at protein and mRNA level. Poly(I:C) could partly alter the mRNA levels of immunoregulatory factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, but did not have significant changes in cyclooxygenase 2, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, interferon γ and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2. CONCLUSION Our study did not find that Poly(I:C) treatment could enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs in lupus mice in vivo.
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84
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Farrell E, Fahy N, Ryan AE, Flatharta CO, O'Flynn L, Ritter T, Murphy JM. vIL-10-overexpressing human MSCs modulate naïve and activated T lymphocytes following induction of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:74. [PMID: 27194025 PMCID: PMC4870800 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent efforts in osteoarthritis (OA) research have highlighted synovial inflammation and involvement of immune cells in disease onset and progression. We sought to establish the in-vivo immune response in collagenase-induced OA and investigate the ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) overexpressing viral interleukin 10 (vIL-10) to modulate immune populations and delay/prevent disease progression. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were injected with 1 U type VII collagenase over two consecutive days. At day 7, 20,000 hMSCs overexpressing vIL-10 were injected into the affected knee. Control groups comprised of vehicle, 20,000 untransduced or adNull-transduced MSCs or virus alone. Six weeks later knees were harvested for histological analysis and popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes for flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS At this time there was no significant difference in knee OA scores between any of the groups. A trend toward more damage in animals treated with hMSCs was observed. Interestingly there was a significant reduction in the amount of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells in the vIL-10-expressing hMSC group. CONCLUSIONS vIL-10-overexpressing hMSCs can induce long-term reduction in activated T cells in draining lymph nodes of mice with collagenase-induced OA. This could lead to reduced OA severity or disease progression over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Room Ee1614, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam, 3015CN, The Netherlands. .,Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Fahy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos (ARI), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cathal O Flatharta
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa O'Flynn
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Orbsen Therapeutics Ltd, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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85
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Delta-Like-1 Changes the Immunomodulatory Property of OP9 Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1628352. [PMID: 26649045 PMCID: PMC4663344 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1628352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As stromal cells and recently confirmed mesenchymal stem cells, OP9 cells support hematopoiesis stem cell (HSC) differentiation into the B lymphocyte lineage, yet Delta-like-1 (DL1) overexpressing OP9 (OP9DL1) cells promote the development of early T lymphocytes from HSC. However, the immunomodulatory capacity of OP9 or OP9DL1 on mature B and T cell proliferation has not been elucidated. Here, we show that OP9 and OP9DL1 have similar proliferation capacities and immunophenotypes except DL1 expression. Compared with OP9, OP9DL1 displayed more osteogenesis and less adipogenesis when cultured in the respective induction media. Both OP9 and OP9DL1 inhibited mature B and T cell proliferation. Furthermore, OP9 showed stronger inhibition on B cell proliferation and OP9DL1 exhibited stronger inhibition on T cell proliferation. With stimulation, both OP9 and OP9DL1 showed increased nitrate oxide (NO) production. The NO levels of OP9 were higher than that of OP9DL1 when stimulated with TNFα/IFNγ or LPS/IL4. Taken together, our study reveals a previously unrecognized role of OP9 and OP9DL1 in mature B and T cell proliferation. DL1 overexpression alone changed the properties of OP9 cells in addition to their role in early B cell development.
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86
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Ho MSH, Mei SHJ, Stewart DJ. The Immunomodulatory and Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2606-17. [PMID: 25913273 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that immunomodulation represents an important mechanism underlying the benefits of many stem cell therapies, rather than the classical paradigm of transdifferentiation and cell replacement. In the former paradigm, the beneficial effects of cell therapy result from paracrine mechanism(s) and/or cell-cell interaction as opposed to direct engraftment and repair of diseased tissue and/or dysfunctional organs. Depending on the cell type used, components of the secretome, including microRNA (miRNA) and extracellular vesicles, may be able to either activate or suppress the immune system even without direct immune cell contact. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells, are found not only in the bone marrow, but also in a wide variety of organs and tissues. In addition to any direct stem cell activities, MSCs were the first stem cells recognized to modulate immune response, and therefore they will be the focus of this review. Specifically, MSCs appear to be able to effectively attenuate acute and protracted inflammation via interactions with components of both innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, this capacity has been exploited in a large number of preclinical studies and MSC immunomodulatory therapy has been attempted with various degrees of success in a relatively large number of clinical trials. Here, we will explore the various mechanism employed by MSCs to effect immunosuppression as well as review the current status of its use to treat excessive inflammation in the context of acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirabelle S H Ho
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Shirley H J Mei
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
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87
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Fransson M, Brännström J, Duprez I, Essand M, Le Blanc K, Korsgren O, Magnusson PU. Mesenchymal stromal cells support endothelial cell interactions in an intramuscular islet transplantation model. Regen Med Res 2015; 3:1. [PMID: 26430512 PMCID: PMC4589952 DOI: 10.1186/s40340-015-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been under investigation for a number of therapies and have lately been in focus as immunosuppressive actors in the field of transplantation. Herein we have extended our previously published in vitro model of MSC-islets in an experimental setting of islet transplantation to the abdominal muscle. Human islets coated with luciferase-GFP transduced human MSC were transplanted to the abdomen muscle tissue of NOD-scid ILR2γnull mice and cellular interactions were investigated by confocal microscopy. Results The MSC reduced fibrotic encapsulation and facilitated endothelial cell interactions. In particular, we show a decreased fraction of αSMA expressing fibrotic tissue surrounding the graft in presence of MSC-islets compared to islets solely distributed into the muscle tissue. Also, in the presence of MSC, human islet endothelial cells migrated from the center of the graft out into the surrounding tissue forming chimeric blood vessels with recipient endothelial cells. Further, in the graft periphery, MSC were seen interacting with infiltrating macrophages. Conclusions Here, in our experimental in vivo model of composite human islets and luciferase-GFP-transduced human MSC, we enable the visualization of close interactions between the MSC and the surrounding tissue. In this model of transplantation the MSC contribute to reduced fibrosis and increased islet endothelial cell migration. Furthermore, the MSC interact with the recipient vasculature and infiltrating macrophages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40340-015-0010-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moa Fransson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Brännström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Duprez
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Hematology Center at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala, Sweden ; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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88
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Factors Promote Tissue Repair in a Small-for-Size Ischemic Liver Model but Do Not Protect against Early Effects of Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:202975. [PMID: 26380314 PMCID: PMC4561317 DOI: 10.1155/2015/202975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of liver mass and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) are major contributors to postresectional liver failure and small-for-size syndrome. Mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) secreted factors are described to stimulate regeneration after partial hepatectomy. This study investigates if liver-derived MSC-secreted factors also promote liver regeneration after resection in the presence of IRI.
C57BL/6 mice underwent IRI of 70% of their liver mass, alone or combined with 50% partial hepatectomy (PH). Mice were treated with MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or unconditioned medium (UM) and sacrificed after 6 or 24 hours (IRI group) or after 48 hours (IRI + PH group). Blood and liver tissue were analyzed for tissue injury, hepatocyte proliferation, and gene expression. In the IRI alone model, serum ALT and AST levels, hepatic tissue damage, and inflammatory cytokine gene expression showed no significant differences between both treatment groups. In the IRI + PH model, significant reduction in hepatic tissue damage as well as a significant increase in hepatocyte proliferation was observed after MSC-CM treatment. Conclusion. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived factors promote tissue regeneration of small-for-size livers exposed to ischemic conditions but do not protect against early ischemia and reperfusion injury itself. MSC-derived factors therefore represent a promising treatment strategy for small-for-size syndrome and postresectional liver failure.
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89
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Factors governing the immunosuppressive effects of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:565-77. [PMID: 26266638 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are of great interest to researchers because of the unique properties, such as enhanced proliferation, paracrine activity and multilineage differentiation. Their non-immunogenicity, in combination with immunomodulatory properties, opens up the opportunity for the allogeneic application of MSCs. The MSC immunomodulatory capacity is currently being actively studied in vitro using various experimental designs. However, the results are not always univocal. It was found that the outcome of the stromal/immune cell interaction depends on experimental conditions. In this review we considered the impact of different factors, such as the ratio of stromal/immune cells, interaction time, the path of immune cell activation, etc. on the MSC immunomodulation. We also accentuated the importance of local milieu, in particular, oxygen tension, for the realization of MSC immunosuppressive activity.
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90
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Modiano JF, Lindborg BA, McElmurry RT, Lewellen M, Forster CL, Zamora EA, Schaack J, Bellgrau D, O'Brien TD, Tolar J. Mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit murine syngeneic anti-tumor immune responses by attenuating inflammation and reorganizing the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1449-60. [PMID: 26250807 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to inhibit anti-tumor immunity is becoming increasingly well recognized, but the precise steps affected by these cells during the development of an anti-tumor immune response remain incompletely understood. Here, we examined how MSCs affect the steps required to mount an effective anti-tumor immune response following administration of adenovirus Fas ligand (Ad-FasL) in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LL3) model. Administration of bone marrow-derived MSCs with LL3 cells accelerated tumor growth significantly. MSCs inhibited the inflammation induced by Ad-FasL in the primary tumors, precluding their rejection; MSCs also reduced the consequent expansion of tumor-specific T cells in the treated hosts. When immune T cells were transferred to adoptive recipients, MSCs impaired, but did not completely abrogate the ability of these T cells to promote elimination of secondary tumors. This impairment was associated with a modest reduction in tumor-infiltrating T cells, with a significant reduction in tumor-infiltrating macrophages, and with a reorganization of the stromal environment. Our data indicate that MSCs in the tumor environment reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy by creating a functional and anatomic barrier that impairs inflammation, T cell priming and expansion, and T cell function-including recruitment of effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Beth A Lindborg
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,BRTI Life Sciences, Two Harbors, MN, USA
| | - Ron T McElmurry
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colleen L Forster
- BioNet Histology Research Laboratory, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edward A Zamora
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Group, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jerome Schaack
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Donald Bellgrau
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Integrated Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Timothy D O'Brien
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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91
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He H, Nagamura-Inoue T, Takahashi A, Mori Y, Yamamoto Y, Shimazu T, Tsunoda H, Tojo A. Immunosuppressive properties of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. Int J Hematol 2015; 102:368-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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92
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Mancheño-Corvo P, Menta R, del Río B, Franquesa M, Ramírez C, Hoogduijn MJ, DelaRosa O, Dalemans W, Lombardo E. T Lymphocyte Prestimulation Impairs in a Time-Dependent Manner the Capacity of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Inhibit Proliferation: Role of Interferon γ, Poly I:C, and Tryptophan Metabolism in Restoring Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Inhibitory Effect. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2158-70. [PMID: 26058889 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) make them an attractive therapeutic tool to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease. These indications are characterized by a chronic activation of immune cells that perpetuates the disease. In vitro, when adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are cultured with T lymphocytes at the time of stimulation, their proliferation is inhibited. However, these experimental settings do not necessarily fit with what ASCs will face in inflammatory conditions in vivo, where ASCs will likely encounter and interact with already activated immune cells which might affect their immunomodulatory capacity. In most in vitro studies, MSCs have been cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the time of lymphocyte stimulation and information about the interaction between MSCs and prestimulated lymphocytes in vitro is scarce. Therefore, a better understanding of the capacity of MSCs to modulate the responses of preactivated immune cells is needed. In this study we focused on the effects of ASCs on prestimulated lymphocytes and systematically investigated the potential mechanisms involved. We report that prestimulation of T lymphocytes 48 h before the coculture with ASCs impairs the capacity of ASCs to inhibit proliferation. Preactivation of ASCs with interferon γ or the toll-like receptor ligand Poly I:C, but not other stimuli tested, enhanced the ability to inhibit the proliferation of 48 h-stimulated T lymphocytes. The inhibitory effect of ASCs was shown to be time dependent and mediated through the actual magnitude of tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramón Menta
- 1 TiGenix SAU, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja del Río
- 1 TiGenix SAU, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- 2 Nephrology and Transplantation, Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- 2 Nephrology and Transplantation, Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olga DelaRosa
- 1 TiGenix SAU, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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93
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Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer is an intervention in which autologous immune cells that have been expanded ex vivo are re-introduced to mitigate a pathological process. Tregs, mesenchymal stromal cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells have been transferred in diverse immune-mediated diseases, and Tregs have been the focus of investigations in autoimmune hepatitis. Transferred Tregs have improved histological findings in animal models of autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune cholangitis. Key challenges relate to discrepant findings among studies, phenotypic instability of the transferred population, uncertain side effects and possible need for staged therapy involving anti-inflammatory drugs. Future investigations must resolve issues about the purification, durability and safety of these cells and consider alternative populations if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street S.W, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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94
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Liang X, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Tse HF, Lian Q. Paracrine mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy: current status and perspectives. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:1045-59. [PMID: 23676629 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x667709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of a few stem cell types to be applied in clinical practice as therapeutic agents for immunomodulation and ischemic tissue repair. In addition to their multipotent differentiation potential, a strong paracrine capacity has been proposed as the principal mechanism that contributes to tissue repair. Apart from cytokine/chemokine secretion, MSCs also display a strong capacity for mitochondrial transfer and microvesicle (exosomes) secretion in response to injury with subsequent promotion of tissue regeneration. These unique properties of MSCs make them an invaluable cell type to repair damaged tissues/organs. Although MSCs offer great promise in the treatment of degenerative diseases and inflammatory disorders, there are still many challenges to overcome prior to their widespread clinical application. Particularly, their in-depth paracrine mechanisms remain a matter for debate and exploration. This review will highlight the discovery of the paracrine mechanism of MSCs, regulation of the paracrine biology of MSCs, important paracrine factors of MSCs in modulation of tissue repair, exosome and mitochondrial transfer for tissue repair, and the future perspective for MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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95
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de Mare-Bredemeijer ELD, Mancham S, Verstegen MMA, de Ruiter PE, van Gent R, O'Neill D, Tilanus HW, Metselaar HJ, de Jonge J, Kwekkeboom J, Hall SRR, van der Laan LJW. Human graft-derived mesenchymal stromal cells potently suppress alloreactive T-cell responses. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1436-47. [PMID: 25744002 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After organ transplantation, recipient T cells contribute to graft rejection. Mesenchymal stromal cells from the bone marrow (BM-MSCs) are known to suppress allogeneic T-cell responses, suggesting a possible clinical application of MSCs in organ transplantation. Human liver grafts harbor resident populations of MSCs (L-MSCs). We aimed to determine the immunosuppressive effects of these graft-derived MSCs on allogeneic T-cell responses and to compare these with the effects of BM-MSCs. BM-MSCs were harvested from aspirates and L-MSCs from liver graft perfusates. We cultured them for 21 days and compared their suppressive effects with the effects of BM-MSCs on allogeneic T-cell responses. Proliferation, cytotoxic degranulation, and interferon-gamma production of alloreactive T cells were more potently suppressed by L-MSCs than BM-MSCs. Suppression was mediated by both cell-cell contact and secreted factors. In addition, L-MSCs showed ex vivo a higher expression of PD-L1 than BM-MSCs, which was associated with inhibition of T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic degranulation in vitro. Blocking PD-L1 partly abrogated the inhibition of cytotoxic degranulation by L-MSCs. In addition, blocking indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase partly abrogated the inhibitive effects of L-MSCs, but not BM-MSCs, on T-cell proliferation. In conclusion, liver graft-derived MSC suppression of allogeneic T-cell responses is stronger than BM-MSCs, which may be related to in situ priming and mobilization from the graft. These graft-derived MSCs may therefore be relevant in transplantation by promoting allohyporesponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy L D de Mare-Bredemeijer
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra E de Ruiter
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Gent
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hugo W Tilanus
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean R R Hall
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,4Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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96
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Interactions between MSCs and immune cells: implications for bone healing. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:752510. [PMID: 26000315 PMCID: PMC4427002 DOI: 10.1155/2015/752510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that, of the 7.9 million fractures sustained in the United States each year, 5% to 20% result in delayed or impaired healing requiring therapeutic intervention. Following fracture injury, there is an initial inflammatory response that plays a crucial role in bone healing; however, prolonged inflammation is inhibitory for fracture repair. The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. Some cytokines are reported to be proosteogenic while others inhibit bone healing. Cell-based therapy utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive option for augmenting the fracture repair process. Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. Insight into this paradigm can provide valuable clues in identifying cellular and noncellular targets that can potentially be modulated to enhance both natural bone healing and bone repair augmented by the exogenous addition of MSCs.
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97
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Cardiac migration of endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:308185. [PMID: 25814787 PMCID: PMC4359807 DOI: 10.1155/2015/308185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory features. The aim of this study was to investigate the migration and homing potential of endogenous circulating MSC in virus negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy (CMi). Methods. In 29 patients with (n = 23) or without (n = 6) CMi undergoing endomyocardial biopsies (EMB), transcardiac gradients (TCGs) of circulating MSC were measured by flow cytometry from blood simultaneously sampled from aorta and coronary sinus. The presence of MSC in EMB, cardiac inflammation, and SDF-1α mRNA expression were detected via immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Results. MSC defined as CD45−CD34−CD11b−CD73+CD90+ cells accounted for 0.010 [0.0025–0.048]%/peripheral mononuclear cell (PMNC) and as CD45−CD34−CD11b−CD73+CD105+ cells for 0.019 [0.0026–0.067]%/PMNC, both with similar counts in patients with or without cardiac inflammation. There was a 29.9% (P < 0.01) transcardiac reduction of circulating MSC in patients with CMi, correlating with the extent of cardiac inflammation (P < 0.05, multivariate analysis). A strong correlation was found between the TCG of circulating MSC and numbers of MSC (CD45−CD34−CD90+CD105+) in EMB (r = −0.73, P < 0.005). SDF-1α was the strongest predictor for increased MSC in EMB (P < 0.005, multivariate analysis). Conclusions. Endogenous MSC continuously migrate to the heart in patients with CMi triggered by cardiac inflammation.
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98
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De Oliveira GLV, De Lima KWA, Colombini AM, Pinheiro DG, Panepucci RA, Palma PVB, Brum DG, Covas DT, Simões BP, De Oliveira MC, Donadi EA, Malmegrim KCR. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Isolated from Multiple Sclerosis Patients have Distinct Gene Expression Profile and Decreased Suppressive Function Compared with Healthy Counterparts. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:151-65. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x675142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, due to an immune reaction against myelin proteins. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present immunosuppressive effects and have been used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In our study, gene expression profile and in vitro immunomodulatory function tests were used to compare bone marrow-derived MSCs obtained from MS patients, at pre- and postautologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) with those from healthy donors. Patient MSCs comparatively exhibited i) senescence in culture; ii) similar osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential; iii) decreased expression of CD105, CD73, CD44, and HLA-A/B/C molecules; iv) distinct transcription at pre-AHSCT compared with control MSCs, yielding 618 differentially expressed genes, including the downregulation of TGFB1 and HGF genes and modulation of the FGF and HGF signaling pathways; v) reduced antiproliferative effects when pre-AHSCT MSCs were cocultured with allogeneic T-lymphocytes; vi) decreased secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β in supernatants of both cocultures (pre- and post-AHSCT MSCs); and vii) similar percentages of regulatory cells recovered after MSC cocultures. The transcriptional profile of patient MSCs isolated 6 months posttransplantation was closer to pre-AHSCT samples than from healthy MSCs. Considering that patient MSCs exhibited phenotypic changes, distinct transcriptional profile and functional defects implicated in MSC immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive activity, we suggest that further MS clinical studies should be conducted using allogeneic bone marrow MSCs derived from healthy donors. We also demonstrated that treatment of MS patients with AHSCT does not reverse the transcriptional and functional alterations observed in patient MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislane L. V. De Oliveira
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kalil W. A. De Lima
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda M. Colombini
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Pinheiro
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Panepucci
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia V. B. Palma
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Doralina G. Brum
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine of Botucatu, University of State of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas T. Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belinda P. Simões
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. De Oliveira
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. Donadi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelen C. R. Malmegrim
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rahavi H, Hashemi SM, Soleimani M, Mohammadi J, Tajik N. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells exert in vitro immunomodulatory and beta cell protective functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:878535. [PMID: 25893202 PMCID: PMC4393922 DOI: 10.1155/2015/878535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might be applied for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment. Thus, we proposed in vitro assessment of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) immunomodulation on autoimmune response along with beta cell protection in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice model. MSCs were extracted from abdominal adipose tissue of normal mice and cultured to proliferate. Diabetic mice were prepared by administration of multiple low-doses of streptozotocin. Pancreatic islets were isolated from normal mice and splenocytes prepared from normal and diabetic mice. Proliferation, cytokine production, and insulin secretion assays were performed in coculture experiments. AT-MSCs inhibited splenocytes proliferative response to specific (islet lysate) and nonspecific (PHA) triggers in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17, and increased secretion of regulatory cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 by stimulated splenocytes were also shown in response to islet lysate or PHA stimulants (P < 0.05). Finally, we demonstrated that AT-MSCs could effectively sustain viability as well as insulin secretion potential of pancreatic islets in the presence of reactive splenocytes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it seems that MSCs may provide a new horizon for T1DM cell therapy and islet transplantation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rahavi
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Mohammadi
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Tajik
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Nader Tajik:
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100
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Effect of DiD Carbocyanine Dye Labeling on Immunoregulatory Function and Differentiation of Mice Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:457614. [PMID: 25580134 PMCID: PMC4279147 DOI: 10.1155/2014/457614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat a variety of degenerative disorders. Labeling of MSCs with an appropriate tracer is vital to demonstrate the in vivo engraftment and differentiation of transplanted MSCs. DiD is a lipophilic fluorescent dye with near infrared emission spectra that makes it suitable for in vivo tracing. Therefore, in the present study the consequences of DiD labeling on induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as inhibition of biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. DiD labeling did not provoke the production of ROS, induction of apoptosis, or inhibition of production of immunosuppressive factors (PGE2 and IL-10) by MSCs. In addition, there were no statistical differences between DiD-labeled and unlabeled MSCs in suppression of proliferation and cytokine production (IFN-γ and IL-17) by in vitro stimulated splenocytes or improvement of clinical score in EAE after in vivo administration. In addition, DiD labeling did not alter the differentiation capacity of MSCs. Taken together, DiD can be considered as a safe dye for in vivo tracking of MSCs.
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