1
|
Abstract
We advance bi-national link-tracing sampling design, an innovative data collection methodology for sampling from so-called "transnational social fields", i.e. transnational networks embedding migrants, returned migrants and non-migrants. This paper describes our contributions to this methodology and its empirical implementation, and evaluates the features of the resulting networks (sample), with the aim to guide future research. We performed 303 face-to-face structured interviews on sociodemographic variables, migration trajectories and personal networks of people living in a Romanian migration sending community (Dâmbovița) and in a migration receiving Spanish town (Castellón). Inter-connecting the personal networks, we built a multi-layered complex network structure embedding 4,855 nominated people, 5,477 directed ties (nominations) and 2,540 edges. Results indicate that the link-tracing nomination patterns are affected by sex and residence homophily. Our research contributes to the emerging efforts of applying social network analysis to the study of international migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miranda Jessica Lubbers
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthtropology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molina
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthtropology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruiz-Padial E, Mercado F. In exogenous attention, time is the clue: Brain and heart interactions to survive threatening stimuli. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243117. [PMID: 33979346 PMCID: PMC8115771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The capture of exogenous attention by negative stimuli has been interpreted as adaptive for survival in a diverse and changing environment. In the present paper, we investigate the neural responses towards two discrete negative emotions with different biological meanings, disgust and fear, and its potential relationships with heart rate variability (HRV) as an index of emotional regulation. With that aim, 30 participants performed a digit categorization task while fear, disgust and neutral distractor pictures were presented. Resting HRV at baseline, behavioral responses, and event-related potentials were recorded. Whereas P1 amplitudes were highest to fear distractors, the disgust stimulation led to augmented P2 amplitudes compared to the rest of distractors. Interestingly, increased N2 amplitudes were also found to disgust distractors, but only in high HRV participants. Neural source estimation data point to the involvement of the insula in this exogenous attentional response to disgust. Additionally, disgust distractors provoked longer reaction times than fear and neutral distractors in the high HRV group. Present findings are interpreted in evolutionary terms suggesting that exogenous attention is captured by negative stimuli following a different time course for fear and disgust. Possible HRV influences on neural mechanisms underlying exogenous attention are discussed considering the potential important role of this variable in emotional regulation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Psychobiology Unit, Department of Psychology Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Capobianco-Uriarte MDLM, Aparicio J, De Pablo-Valenciano J, Casado-Belmonte MDP. The European tomato market. An approach by export competitiveness maps. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250867. [PMID: 33939759 PMCID: PMC8092757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most empirical studies examining the export competitiveness of a country in a target market are undertaken by focusing on supply, only analysing the group of competing countries. In addition, if the target market to be analysed is extensive, like the European Union, it is generally analysed as a whole. This study presents an evaluation of the tomato export competitiveness, from a differentiated demand perspective, analysing its main customers markets in the context of European Union. The methodological framework is implemented through Constant Market Share to analyze variations in exports, allowing the portion attributable to competitiveness and segregation into general or specific competitiveness to be quantified. The Constant Market Share was adapted to focus on the differentiated demand so as to observe the influence of the worldwide crisis (2007/08) on the European tomato market. This study allows the analysis of profile changes into the competitor exporting economies. As a contribution to the methodology, this study presents a new graphical way of representing the results of Constant Market Share methodology by means of export competitiveness maps in the European tomato market for the group for each main competitor in each European client market. According to our results, Spain and Belgium are candidate countries to be competitive in the main European markets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Aparicio
- Center of Operations Research (CIO), University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Revilla L, Mayorgas A, Corraliza AM, Masamunt MC, Metwaly A, Haller D, Tristán E, Carrasco A, Esteve M, Panés J, Ricart E, Lozano JJ, Salas A. Multi-omic modelling of inflammatory bowel disease with regularized canonical correlation analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246367. [PMID: 33556098 PMCID: PMC7870068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalized medicine requires finding relationships between variables that influence a patient's phenotype and predicting an outcome. Sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis identifies relationships between different groups of variables. This method requires establishing a model of the expected interaction between those variables. Describing these interactions is challenging when the relationship is unknown or when there is no pre-established hypothesis. Thus, our aim was to develop a method to find the relationships between microbiome and host transcriptome data and the relevant clinical variables in a complex disease, such as Crohn's disease. RESULTS We present here a method to identify interactions based on canonical correlation analysis. We show that the model is the most important factor to identify relationships between blocks using a dataset of Crohn's disease patients with longitudinal sampling. First the analysis was tested in two previously published datasets: a glioma and a Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis dataset where we describe how to select the optimum parameters. Using such parameters, we analyzed our Crohn's disease data set. We selected the model with the highest inner average variance explained to identify relationships between transcriptome, gut microbiome and clinically relevant variables. Adding the clinically relevant variables improved the average variance explained by the model compared to multiple co-inertia analysis. CONCLUSIONS The methodology described herein provides a general framework for identifying interactions between sets of omic data and clinically relevant variables. Following this method, we found genes and microorganisms that were related to each other independently of the model, while others were specific to the model used. Thus, model selection proved crucial to finding the existing relationships in multi-omics datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Revilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepática y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M. Corraliza
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C. Masamunt
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Eva Tristán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepática y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepática y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepática y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Panés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepática y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepática y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J. Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepática y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Waagmeester A, Willighagen EL, Su AI, Kutmon M, Gayo JEL, Fernández-Álvarez D, Groom Q, Schaap PJ, Verhagen LM, Koehorst JJ. A protocol for adding knowledge to Wikidata: aligning resources on human coronaviruses. BMC Biol 2021; 19:12. [PMID: 33482803 PMCID: PMC7820539 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemics, even more than other medical problems, require swift integration of knowledge. When caused by a new virus, understanding the underlying biology may help finding solutions. In a setting where there are a large number of loosely related projects and initiatives, we need common ground, also known as a "commons." Wikidata, a public knowledge graph aligned with Wikipedia, is such a commons and uses unique identifiers to link knowledge in other knowledge bases. However, Wikidata may not always have the right schema for the urgent questions. In this paper, we address this problem by showing how a data schema required for the integration can be modeled with entity schemas represented by Shape Expressions. RESULTS As a telling example, we describe the process of aligning resources on the genomes and proteomes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and related viruses as well as how Shape Expressions can be defined for Wikidata to model the knowledge, helping others studying the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. How this model can be used to make data between various resources interoperable is demonstrated by integrating data from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) Taxonomy, NCBI Genes, UniProt, and WikiPathways. Based on that model, a set of automated applications or bots were written for regular updates of these sources in Wikidata and added to a platform for automatically running these updates. CONCLUSIONS Although this workflow is developed and applied in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to demonstrate its broader applicability it was also applied to other human coronaviruses (MERS, SARS, human coronavirus NL63, human coronavirus 229E, human coronavirus HKU1, human coronavirus OC4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Egon L Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter J Schaap
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jasper J Koehorst
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
In this paper we show experimentally that conditional cooperation, a phenomenon described in the private provision of public goods, is also present in group contests, where participants' contributions to their group performance partially determines if they overcome a rival group. This environment allows us to identify new determinants of conditional cooperation. We observe conditional cooperation in successful groups and in groups where members contribute more than rivals (even if they lose), but it vanishes in those groups that lose the contest due to low group performance. A random-effect linear panel regression analysis with an extensive set of controls confirms the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert János Kiss
- Center for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute of Economics (KRTK KTI), Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Alfonso Rosa-Garcia
- Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vita Zhukova
- Department of Business, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pérez-Gracia J, Ávila FJ, Ares J, Vallés JA, Remón L. Misalignment and tilt effect on aspheric intraocular lens designs after a corneal refractive surgery. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243740. [PMID: 33315894 PMCID: PMC7735572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To numerically evaluate and compare the tolerance to misalignment and tilt of aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed for three eyes: with standard cornea and with simulated corneas after myopic and hyperopic laser ablation surgery. METHODS Three aspheric IOLs of +20.00 diopter (D) with different spherical aberration (SA) ([Formula: see text]) values have been designed using a theoretical model eye. Drastic changes on the theoretical eye anterior corneal asphericity have been performed to simulate myopic and hyperopic refractive surgeries. The effect of IOL misalignment and tilt on the image quality has been evaluated using a commercial optical software design for the three eye models. Image quality was assessed from the modulation transfer function (MTF), root mean square (RMS) values of defocus, astigmatism, coma and spherical aberration ([Formula: see text]), and retinal images obtained from a visual simulator using an aleatory optotype of 0.00 LogMar visual acuity (VA). RESULTS IOL misalignment and tilt reduced MTF values in general, and increased wavefront aberrations errors. Aberration-free IOLs maintained best the MTF values when misalignments were applied, together with good on-axis optical quality. IOLs with negative SA ([Formula: see text]) correction decreased the MTF value under 0.43 for misalignments values higher than 0.50 mm with the three corneas. The effect of misalignment on RMS astigmatism and coma was correlated with the IOL SA ([Formula: see text]) and with the three corneas. CONCLUSIONS This theoretical study shows that the largest degradation in image quality arises for the IOL with the highest amount of spherical aberration ([Formula: see text]). Moreover, it has been found that the aspherical design has a more influential role in misalignment tolerance than in tilt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pérez-Gracia
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ávila
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Ares
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan A. Vallés
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Remón
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martín-Nalda A, Fortuny C, Rey L, Bunney TD, Alsina L, Esteve-Solé A, Bull D, Anton MC, Basagaña M, Casals F, Deyá A, García-Prat M, Gimeno R, Juan M, Martinez-Banaclocha H, Martinez-Garcia JJ, Mensa-Vilaró A, Rabionet R, Martin-Begue N, Rudilla F, Yagüe J, Estivill X, García-Patos V, Pujol RM, Soler-Palacín P, Katan M, Pelegrín P, Colobran R, Vicente A, Arostegui JI. Severe Autoinflammatory Manifestations and Antibody Deficiency Due to Novel Hypermorphic PLCG2 Mutations. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:987-1000. [PMID: 32671674 PMCID: PMC7505877 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) were first described as clinical disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of seemingly unprovoked sterile inflammation. In the past few years, the identification of novel AIDs expanded their phenotypes toward more complex clinical pictures associating vasculopathy, autoimmunity, or immunodeficiency. Herein, we describe two unrelated patients suffering since the neonatal period from a complex disease mainly characterized by severe sterile inflammation, recurrent bacterial infections, and marked humoral immunodeficiency. Whole-exome sequencing detected a novel, de novo heterozygous PLCG2 variant in each patient (p.Ala708Pro and p.Leu845_Leu848del). A clear enhanced PLCγ2 activity for both variants was demonstrated by both ex vivo calcium responses of the patient's B cells to IgM stimulation and in vitro assessment of PLC activity. These data supported the autoinflammation and PLCγ2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID) diagnosis in both patients. Immunological evaluation revealed a severe decrease of immunoglobulins and B cells, especially class-switched memory B cells, with normal T and NK cell counts. Analysis of bone marrow of one patient revealed a reduced immature B cell fraction compared with controls. Additional investigations showed that both PLCG2 variants activate the NLRP3-inflammasome through the alternative pathway instead of the canonical pathway. Collectively, the evidences here shown expand APLAID diversity toward more severe phenotypes than previously reported including dominantly inherited agammaglobulinemia, add novel data about its genetic basis, and implicate the alternative NLRP3-inflammasome activation pathway in the basis of sterile inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martín-Nalda
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Fortuny
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rey
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laia Alsina
- Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Clinical Immunology and Primary, Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Esteve-Solé
- Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Clinical Immunology and Primary, Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Bull
- ARUK Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Carmen Anton
- Department of Immunology-CDB (esc 4-pl 0), Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Basagaña
- Allergy Section, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ferran Casals
- Genomics Core Facility, Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Deyá
- Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Clinical Immunology and Primary, Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina García-Prat
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gimeno
- Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Juan
- Department of Immunology-CDB (esc 4-pl 0), Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helios Martinez-Banaclocha
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan J Martinez-Garcia
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Mensa-Vilaró
- Department of Immunology-CDB (esc 4-pl 0), Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, IRJSD, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Martin-Begue
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Rudilla
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusional Medicine Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Yagüe
- Department of Immunology-CDB (esc 4-pl 0), Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories (qGenomics), Esplugues del Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vicente García-Patos
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Soler-Palacín
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Roger Colobran
- Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunology Division, Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asun Vicente
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Juan I Arostegui
- Department of Immunology-CDB (esc 4-pl 0), Hospital Clínic, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sánchez-Moya T, Hidalgo AM, Ros-Berruezo G, López-Nicolás R. Screening ultrafiltration membranes to separate lactose and protein from sheep whey: application of simplified model. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:3193-3200. [PMID: 32713959 PMCID: PMC7374251 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that protein from whey milk could be a new strategy to reduce energy intake and increase satiety. Sheep whey has high protein content, but it is also rich in lactose. The aim of this study was to screening different ultrafiltration membranes to separate protein and lactose from sheep whey in one step. Protein was recovered in the concentrate feed, and lactose passed through three membranes and was recovered in the permeate feed. Membranes with different chemical composition and molecular weight cut-offs were assayed, and the influence of operating pressure and lactose concentration feed in the permeate flux and lactose rejection coefficients were studied. Lactose separation was not affected by pressure in GR60PP or GR90PP, and 85% and 80%, respectively of the lactose was separated into permeate feed. When the feed concentration increased, lactose separation remained stable in all three membranes, being GR60PP the most efficient, as 90% of the disaccharides were separated. In all cases 100% of the protein was recovered. Finally, the Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky model perfectly fitted the results obtained about lactose rejection coefficients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sánchez-Moya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asunción M. Hidalgo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Ros-Berruezo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Nicolás
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
We collect data on time preferences of a representative sample of the Hungarian adult population in a non-incentivized way and investigate how patience and present bias associate with important life outcomes in five domains: i) educational attainment, ii) unemployment, iii) income and wealth, iv) financial decisions and difficulties, and v) health. Based on the literature, we formulate the broad hypotheses that patience relates positively, while present bias associates negatively with positive outcomes in the domains under study. With the exception of unemployment, we document a consistent and often significant positive relationship between patience and the corresponding domain, with the strongest associations in educational attainment, wealth and financial decisions. We find that present bias associates significantly with saving decisions and financial difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Horn
- Center for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute of Economics (KRTK KTI), Budapest, Hungary
- Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hubert János Kiss
- Center for Economic and Regional Studies, Institute of Economics (KRTK KTI), Budapest, Hungary
- Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez-Gracia J, Varea A, Ares J, Vallés JA, Remón L. Evaluation of the optical performance for aspheric intraocular lenses in relation with tilt and decenter errors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232546. [PMID: 32365135 PMCID: PMC7197786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the effect of misalignment and tilt on the optical performance of different aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) designs. METHODS Three aspheric IOLs with a different quantity of spherical aberration (SA) have been designed and the effect of IOL misalignment and tilt on the imaging quality of an eye model has been numerically assessed using a commercial optical design software. The prototypes have been manufactured by lathe turning and tested in vitro using the same optical bench (PMTF, Lambda-X) that complies with International Organization for Standardization standard 11979-2 requirements. Image quality was evaluated from the modulation transfer functions (MTFs), through-focus modulation transfer functions (TF-MTFs), root mean square (RMS) values of defocus, astigmatism and coma, and images of the United States Air Force (USAF) target were taken. A comparison with the optical performance of spherical IOLs has also been performed. RESULTS Intraocular lens misalignment and tilt increased wavefront aberrations; the effect of misalignment on root mean square (RMS) astigmatism and coma was positively correlated with the spherical aberration of the IOL. Aberration-free IOLs showed the highest MTF for all misalignment values and for IOLs with negative SA correction the MTF decays below 0.43 when they are decentered 0.50 mm. CONCLUSIONS Aspherical IOLs are more sensitive than spherical IOLs to misalignment or tilt, depending on their SA correction. The optical degradation caused by IOL misalignment had a greater effect on IOL designs with a higher amount of negative spherical aberration. In contrast, the effect of tilt on the optical performance was less sensitive to the IOL design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pérez-Gracia
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandra Varea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Ares
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan A. Vallés
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Remón
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Frutos-Lucas J, Cuesta P, López-Sanz D, Peral-Suárez Á, Cuadrado-Soto E, Ramírez-Toraño F, Brown BM, Serrano JM, Laws SM, Rodríguez-Rojo IC, Verdejo-Román J, Bruña R, Delgado-Losada ML, Barabash A, López-Sobaler AM, López-Higes R, Marcos A, Maestú F. The relationship between physical activity, apolipoprotein E ε4 carriage, and brain health. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:48. [PMID: 32331531 PMCID: PMC7183121 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal hyperexcitability and hypersynchrony have been described as key features of neurophysiological dysfunctions in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Conversely, physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved brain health and reduced AD risk. However, there is controversy regarding whether AD genetic risk (in terms of APOE ε4 carriage) modulates these relationships. The utilization of multiple outcome measures within one sample may strengthen our understanding of this complex phenomenon. METHOD The relationship between PA and functional connectivity (FC) was examined in a sample of 107 healthy older adults using magnetoencephalography. Additionally, we explored whether ε4 carriage modulates this association. The correlation between FC and brain structural integrity, cognition, and mood was also investigated. RESULTS A relationship between higher PA and decreased FC (hyposynchrony) in the left temporal lobe was observed among all individuals (across the whole sample, in ε4 carriers, and in ε4 non-carriers), but its effects manifest differently according to genetic risk. In ε4 carriers, we report an association between this region-specific FC profile and preserved brain structure (greater gray matter volumes and higher integrity of white matter tracts). In this group, decreased FC also correlated with reduced anxiety levels. In ε4 non-carriers, this profile is associated with improved cognition (working and episodic memory). CONCLUSIONS PA could mitigate the increase in FC (hypersynchronization) that characterizes preclinical AD, being beneficial for all individuals, especially ε4 carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Collaborative Genomics Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
| | - Pablo Cuesta
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Industrial Engineering & IUNE, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - David López-Sanz
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, School of Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - África Peral-Suárez
- Departamento de Nutricion y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Cuadrado-Soto
- Departamento de Nutricion y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Ramírez-Toraño
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Juan M Serrano
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Inmaculada C Rodríguez-Rojo
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Universitario Villanueva, Facultad de Psicología, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria L Delgado-Losada
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Ana Barabash
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M López-Sobaler
- Departamento de Nutricion y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón López-Higes
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morant D, Picazo A, Rochera C, Santamans AC, Miralles-Lorenzo J, Camacho-Santamans A, Ibañez C, Martínez-Eixarch M, Camacho A. Carbon metabolic rates and GHG emissions in different wetland types of the Ebro Delta. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231713. [PMID: 32320412 PMCID: PMC7176097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltaic wetlands are highly productive ecosystems, which characteristically can act as C-sinks. However, they are among the most threatened ecosystems, being very vulnerable to global change, and require special attention towards its conservation. Knowing their climate change mitigating potential, conservation measures should also be oriented with a climatic approach, to strengthen their regulatory services. In this work we studied the carbon biogeochemistry and the specific relevance of certain microbial guilds on carbon metabolisms of the three main types of deltaic wetlands located in the Ebro Delta, north-eastern Spain, as well as how they deal with human pressures and climate change effects. We estimated the metabolic rates of the main carbon-related metabolisms (primary production and respiration) and the resulting carbon and global warming potential balances in sites with a different salinity range and trophic status. With the results obtained, we tried to define the influence of possible changes in salinity and trophic level linked to the main impacts currently threatening deltaic wetlands, on the C-metabolisms and GHG emissions, for a better understanding of the mitigating capacity and their possible enhancement when applying specific management actions. Metabolic rates showed a pattern highly influenced by the salinity range and nutrients inputs. Freshwater and brackish wetlands, with higher nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff, showed higher C-capture capacity (around 220–250 g C m-2 y-1), but also higher rates of degradative metabolisms (aerobic respiration and CH4 emissions). Contrastingly, the rates of C-related metabolisms and C-retention of Salicornia-type coastal salt marshes were lower (42 g C m-2 y-1). The study of the microbial metacommunity composition by the16S RNA gene sequencing revealed a significant higher presence of methanogens in the salt marsh, and also higher metabolic potential, where there was significantly more organic matter content in sediment. Salinity inhibition, however, explained the lower respiration rates, both aerobic and anaerobic, and prevented higher rates of methanogenesis despite the major presence of methanogens. Conservation measures for these wetlands would require, overall, maintaining the sediment contributions of the river basin intending to overcome the regression of the Delta and its salt marshes in a climate change scenario. Particularly, for reducing degradative metabolisms, and favour C-retention, nutrient inputs should be controlled in freshwater and brackish wetlands in order to reduce eutrophication. In salt marshes, the reduction of salinity should be avoided to control increases in methanogenesis and CH4 emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morant
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Antonio Picazo
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Anna C. Santamans
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Javier Miralles-Lorenzo
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Alba Camacho-Santamans
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Carles Ibañez
- IRTA - Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Divasón J, Joosten SJC, Thiemann R, Yamada A. A Verified Implementation of the Berlekamp-Zassenhaus Factorization Algorithm. J Autom Reason 2020; 64:699-735. [PMID: 32269396 PMCID: PMC7115093 DOI: 10.1007/s10817-019-09526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We formally verify the Berlekamp–Zassenhaus algorithm for factoring square-free integer polynomials in Isabelle/HOL. We further adapt an existing formalization of Yun’s square-free factorization algorithm to integer polynomials, and thus provide an efficient and certified factorization algorithm for arbitrary univariate polynomials. The algorithm first performs factorization in the prime field \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\mathrm {GF}(p){}$$\end{document}GF(p) and then performs computations in the ring of integers modulo \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$p^k$$\end{document}pk, where both p and k are determined at runtime. Since a natural modeling of these structures via dependent types is not possible in Isabelle/HOL, we formalize the whole algorithm using locales and local type definitions. Through experiments we verify that our algorithm factors polynomials of degree up to 500 within seconds.
Collapse
|
15
|
Manrique JA, Lopez-Reyes G, Cousin A, Rull F, Maurice S, Wiens RC, Madsen MB, Madariaga JM, Gasnault O, Aramendia J, Arana G, Beck P, Bernard S, Bernardi P, Bernt MH, Berrocal A, Beyssac O, Caïs P, Castro C, Castro K, Clegg SM, Cloutis E, Dromart G, Drouet C, Dubois B, Escribano D, Fabre C, Fernandez A, Forni O, Garcia-Baonza V, Gontijo I, Johnson J, Laserna J, Lasue J, Madsen S, Mateo-Marti E, Medina J, Meslin PY, Montagnac G, Moral A, Moros J, Ollila AM, Ortega C, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Reess JM, Robinson S, Rodriguez J, Saiz J, Sanz-Arranz JA, Sard I, Sautter V, Sobron P, Toplis M, Veneranda M. SuperCam Calibration Targets: Design and Development. Space Sci Rev 2020; 216:138. [PMID: 33281235 PMCID: PMC7691312 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
SuperCam is a highly integrated remote-sensing instrumental suite for NASA's Mars 2020 mission. It consists of a co-aligned combination of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy (VISIR), together with sound recording (MIC) and high-magnification imaging techniques (RMI). They provide information on the mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral context around the Perseverance Rover. The calibration of this complex suite is a major challenge. Not only does each technique require its own standards or references, their combination also introduces new requirements to obtain optimal scientific output. Elemental composition, molecular vibrational features, fluorescence, morphology and texture provide a full picture of the sample with spectral information that needs to be co-aligned, correlated, and individually calibrated. The resulting hardware includes different kinds of targets, each one covering different needs of the instrument. Standards for imaging calibration, geological samples for mineral identification and chemometric calculations or spectral references to calibrate and evaluate the health of the instrument, are all included in the SuperCam Calibration Target (SCCT). The system also includes a specifically designed assembly in which the samples are mounted. This hardware allows the targets to survive the harsh environmental conditions of the launch, cruise, landing and operation on Mars during the whole mission. Here we summarize the design, development, integration, verification and functional testing of the SCCT. This work includes some key results obtained to verify the scientific outcome of the SuperCam system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Manrique
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - G. Lopez-Reyes
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - A. Cousin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - F. Rull
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - S. Maurice
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - R. C. Wiens
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - M. B. Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute (NBI), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - O. Gasnault
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J. Aramendia
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - G. Arana
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - P. Beck
- CNRS, Institut de Planetologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Universite Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin d’Heres, France
| | - S. Bernard
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P. Bernardi
- Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - M. H. Bernt
- Niels Bohr Institute (NBI), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Berrocal
- Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España S.A. (ISDEFE), Madrid, Spain
| | - O. Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P. Caïs
- Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C. Castro
- Added Value Solutions (AVS), Elgóibar, Spain
| | - K. Castro
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - S. M. Clegg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | | | - G. Dromart
- Univ Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, Univ Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - C. Drouet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/UT3/INP, Ensiacet, Toulouse, France
| | - B. Dubois
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - D. Escribano
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - C. Fabre
- GeoRessources, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | - O. Forni
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - V. Garcia-Baonza
- Instituto de Geociencias CSIC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Gontijo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - J. Johnson
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | - J. Laserna
- University of Malaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - J. Lasue
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S. Madsen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - E. Mateo-Marti
- Centro de Astrobiología-CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - J. Medina
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - P.-Y. Meslin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS, CNES, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - G. Montagnac
- Univ Lyon, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, Univ Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - A. Moral
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - J. Moros
- University of Malaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - A. M. Ollila
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - C. Ortega
- Added Value Solutions (AVS), Elgóibar, Spain
| | | | - J. M. Reess
- Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - S. Robinson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - J. Rodriguez
- Ingeniería de Sistemas para la Defensa de España S.A. (ISDEFE), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Saiz
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - J. A. Sanz-Arranz
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| | - I. Sard
- Added Value Solutions (AVS), Elgóibar, Spain
| | - V. Sautter
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - P. Sobron
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA USA
| | - M. Toplis
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - M. Veneranda
- Unidad Asocida UVA-CSIC-CAB, University of Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pertegal MÁ, Oliva A, Rodríguez-Meirinhos A. Development and validation of the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites (SMU-SNS) for adolescents and youths. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225781. [PMID: 31794593 PMCID: PMC6890241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the Uses and Gratifications theory has driven research on the motives behind social media use. The three most commonly explored motives have been: maintaining relationships, seeking information, and entertainment. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites (SMU-SNS), a measure to assess a wider range of motives for using Social Networking Sites than have previously been researched. A multi-method design with different samples of high-school and university students was used. First, to develop the pool of items, a literature review and a focus group study (n = 48, age range = 16-21) was conducted. Second, to reduce and refine the pool of items a pilot study (n = 168, age range = 14-24) was performed. Third, a validation study (n = 1102, age range = 13-25) was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the SMU-SNS. Cross-validation using EFA and CFA resulted in a final version comprising 27 items distributed in nine factors (Dating, New Friendships, Academic Purposes, Social Connectedness, Following and Monitoring Others, Entertainment, seeking Social Recognition, Self-expression, and seeking Information). Internal consistency was excellent and evidence of measurement invariance across gender and age was largely achieved. The SMU-SNS scores significantly correlated with other relevant variables, including age, gender, certain personality traits, social support, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Overall, findings supported the SMU-SNS as a valid and reliable measure to assess youth's motives for using Social Networking Sites. Psychometric and general implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel-Ángel Pertegal
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Alfredo Oliva
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang H, Hu J, Lu Y, Zhang M, Qin N, Zhang R, He Y, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhao C, Coll NS, Valls M, Chen Q, Lu H. A quick and efficient hydroponic potato infection method for evaluating potato resistance and Ralstonia solanacearum virulence. Plant Methods 2019; 15:145. [PMID: 31798671 PMCID: PMC6884837 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato, the third most important crop worldwide, plays a critical role in human food security. Brown rot, one of the most destructive potato diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, results in huge economic losses every year. A quick, stable, low cost and high throughout method is required to meet the demands of identification of germplasm resistance to bacterial wilt in potato breeding programs. RESULTS Here we present a novel R. solanacearum hydroponic infection assay on potato plants grown in vitro. Through testing wilt symptom appearance and bacterial colonization in aerial part of plants, we found that the optimum conditions for in vitro potato infection were using an OD600 0.01 bacterial solution suspended with tap water for infection, broken potato roots and an open container. Infection using R. solanacearum strains with differential degree of aggressivity demonstrated that this infection system is equally efficient as soil-drench inoculation for assessment of R. solanacearum virulence on potato. A small-scale assessment of 32 potato germplasms identified three varieties highly resistant to the pathogen, which indicates this infection system is a useful method for high-throughout screening of potato germplasm for resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of a strain carrying luminescence to easily quantify bacterial colonization and the detection of latent infections in hydroponic conditions, which can be efficiently used in potato breeding programs. CONCLUSIONS We have established a quick and efficient in vitro potato infection system, which may facilitate breeding for new potato cultivars with high resistance to R. solanacearum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jinxue Hu
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yao Lu
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Mancang Zhang
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Ning Qin
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Ruize Zhang
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yizhe He
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yue Chen
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Núria S. Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Haibin Lu
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Padilla FM, Mommer L, de Caluwe H, Smit-Tiekstra AE, Visser EJW, de Kroon H. Effects of extreme rainfall events are independent of plant species richness in an experimental grassland community. Oecologia 2019; 191:177-190. [PMID: 31401664 PMCID: PMC6732129 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Global climate models predict more frequent periods of drought stress alternated by heavier, but fewer rainfall events in the future. Biodiversity studies have shown that such changed drought stress may be mitigated by plant species richness. Here, we investigate if grassland communities, differing in species richness, respond differently to climatic extremes within the growing season. In a 3-year outdoor mesocosm experiment, four grassland species in both monoculture and mixture were subjected to a rainfall distribution regime with two levels: periods of severe drought in the summer intermitted by extreme rainfall events versus regular rainfall over time. Both treatments received the same amount of water over the season. Extreme rainfall combined with drought periods resulted in a 15% decrease in aboveground biomass in the second and third year, compared to the regular rainfall regime. Root biomass was also reduced in the extreme rainfall treatment, particularly in the top soil layer (- 40%). All species developed higher water use efficiencies (less negative leaf δ13C) in extreme rainfall than in regular rainfall. These responses to the rainfall/drought treatment were independent of species richness, although the mixtures were on an average more productive in terms of biomass than the monocultures. Our experimental results suggest that mixtures are similarly able to buffer these within-season rainfall extremes than monocultures, which contrasts with findings in the studies on natural droughts. Our work demonstrates the importance of investigating the interactions between rainfall distribution and drought periods for understanding effects of climate change on plant community performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Padilla
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Agronomy, University of Almería, La Cañada, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie de Caluwe
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek E Smit-Tiekstra
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ortega-Martorell S, Candiota AP, Thomson R, Riley P, Julia-Sape M, Olier I. Embedding MRI information into MRSI data source extraction improves brain tumour delineation in animal models. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220809. [PMID: 31415601 PMCID: PMC6695141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant intra-cranial tumour. Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice in diagnosis, aggressiveness assessment, and follow-up. However, there are examples where it lacks diagnostic accuracy. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables the identification of molecules present in the tissue, providing a precise metabolomic signature. Previous research shows that combining imaging and spectroscopy information results in more accurate outcomes and superior diagnostic value. This study proposes a method to combine them, which builds upon a previous methodology whose main objective is to guide the extraction of sources. To this aim, prior knowledge about class-specific information is integrated into the methodology by setting the metric of a latent variable space where Non-negative Matrix Factorisation is performed. The former methodology, which only used spectroscopy and involved combining spectra from different subjects, was adapted to use selected areas of interest that arise from segmenting the T2-weighted image. Results showed that embedding imaging information into the source extraction (the proposed semi-supervised analysis) improved the quality of the tumour delineation, as compared to those obtained without this information (unsupervised analysis). Both approaches were applied to pre-clinical data, involving thirteen brain tumour-bearing mice, and tested against histopathological data. On results of twenty-eight images, the proposed Semi-Supervised Source Extraction (SSSE) method greatly outperformed the unsupervised one, as well as an alternative semi-supervised approach from the literature, with differences being statistically significant. SSSE has proven successful in the delineation of the tumour, while bringing benefits such as 1) not constricting the metabolomic-based prediction to the image-segmented area, 2) ability to deal with signal-to-noise issues, 3) opportunity to answer specific questions by allowing researchers/radiologists define areas of interest that guide the source extraction, 4) creation of an intra-subject model and avoiding contamination from inter-subject overlaps, and 5) extraction of meaningful, good-quality sources that adds interpretability, conferring validation and better understanding of each case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ortega-Martorell
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ryan Thomson
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Riley
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
| | - Margarida Julia-Sape
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ivan Olier
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Since 1959 with the proposal of Double Agar Layer (DAL) method for phage detection and quantification, many sophisticated methods have emerged meanwhile. However, many of them are either too complex/expensive or insensitive to replace routine utilization of DAL method in clinical, environmental and industrial environments. For that purpose, we have explored an alternative method for the detection and quantification of bacteriophages that fulfills the criteria of being rapid, simple and inexpensive. In this paper we have developed a method based on the analysis of optical density kinetics in bacterial cultures exposed to phage-containing samples. Although the decrease in optical density caused by cell lysis was one of the first observable consequences of the effect of viral infection in bacterial cultures, the potential of the method for the assessment of phage abundance has never been fully exploited. In this work we carry out a detailed study of optical density kinetics in phage-infected bacterial cultures, as a function of both, phage abundance and initial concentration of the host organisms. In total, 90 different combinations of bacteria/phage concentrations have been used. The data obtained provide valuable information about sensitivity ranges, duration of the assay, percentages of inhibition and type of lysing behavior for each phage concentration. The method described can detect, as few as 10 phage particles per assay volume after a phage incubation period of 3.5h. The duration of the assay can be shortened to 45min at the expense of losing sensitivity and increasing the limit of detection to 108 pfu/ml. Despite using non-sophisticated technology, the method described has shown sensitivity and response time comparable to other high-end methods. The simplicity of the technology and of the analytical steps involved, make the system susceptible of miniaturization and automation for high-throughput applications which can be implemented in routine analysis in many environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Rajnovic
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C. Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (DR); (JM)
| | - Xavier Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mas
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C. Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (DR); (JM)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Escribano J, Chen MB, Moeendarbary E, Cao X, Shenoy V, Garcia-Aznar JM, Kamm RD, Spill F. Balance of mechanical forces drives endothelial gap formation and may facilitate cancer and immune-cell extravasation. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006395. [PMID: 31048903 PMCID: PMC6497229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of gaps in the endothelium is a crucial process underlying both cancer and immune cell extravasation, contributing to the functioning of the immune system during infection, the unfavorable development of chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis. Here, we present a stochastic-mechanical multiscale model of an endothelial cell monolayer and show that the dynamic nature of the endothelium leads to spontaneous gap formation, even without intervention from the transmigrating cells. These gaps preferentially appear at the vertices between three endothelial cells, as opposed to the border between two cells. We quantify the frequency and lifetime of these gaps, and validate our predictions experimentally. Interestingly, we find experimentally that cancer cells also preferentially extravasate at vertices, even when they first arrest on borders. This suggests that extravasating cells, rather than initially signaling to the endothelium, might exploit the autonomously forming gaps in the endothelium to initiate transmigration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escribano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle B. Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vivek Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Spill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The accessing and processing of textual information (i.e. the storing and querying of a set of strings) is especially important for many current applications (e.g. information retrieval and social networks), especially when working in the fields of Big Data or IoT, which require the handling of very large string dictionaries. Typical data structures for textual indexing are Hash Tables and some variants of Tries such as the Double Trie (DT). In this paper, we propose an extension of the DT that we have called MergedTrie. It improves the DT compression by merging both Tries into a single and by segmenting the indexed term into two fixed length parts in order to balance the new Trie. Thus, a higher overlapping of both prefixes and suffixes is obtained. Moreover, we propose a new implementation of Tries that achieves better compression rates than the Double-Array representation usually chosen for implementing Tries. Our proposal also overcomes the limitation of static implementations that does not allow insertions and updates in their compact representations. Finally, our MergedTrie implementation experimentally improves the efficiency of the Hash Tables, the DTs, the Double-Array, the Crit-bit, the Directed Acyclic Word Graphs (DAWG), and the Acyclic Deterministic Finite Automata (ADFA) data structures, requiring less space than the original text to be indexed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ferrández
- GPLSI Research Group, Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesús Peral
- Lucentia Research Group, Department of Software and Computing Systems, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Sustaining employees' well-being and high performance at work is a challenge for organizations in today's highly competitive environment. This study examines the dynamic reciprocal relationship between the variability in office workers' eudaimonic well-being (i.e., activity worthwhileness) and their extra-role performance. Eighty-three white-collar employees filled in a diary questionnaire twice a day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon, on four consecutive working days. The results show that eudaimonic well-being displays clear variability in a short time frame. In addition, Bayesian Multilevel Structural Equation Models (MSEMs) reveal a significant positive relationship between the levels of state eudaimonic well-being in the afternoon and the increase in the levels of state extra-role performance from that afternoon to the next morning. Moreover, the overall levels of self-reported state eudaimonic well-being across the diary measurements are significantly and positively related to the overall levels of extra-role performance assessed by the supervisor during the diary measurement. Finally, there is a significant negative relationship between the amount of intra-individual variability in state eudaimonic well-being during the week and the overall levels of self-rated state extra-role performance during the same week. These findings shed light on the dynamic nature of both the eudaimonic component of well-being and performance, highlighting the importance of eudaimonic well-being for extra-role performance and expanding the happy-productive worker thesis. The results suggest that the daily eudaimonic experience of meaning at work should complement the experience of hedonic well-being because it is an important factor in achieving better and more sustainable employee performance on a daily basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. Peiró
- University of Valencia, IDOCAL, Valencia, Spain
- Valencian Institute of Economic Research (IVIE), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martínez-Vispo C, Rodríguez-Cano R, López-Durán A, Senra C, Fernández del Río E, Becoña E. Cognitive-behavioral treatment with behavioral activation for smoking cessation: Randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214252. [PMID: 30958831 PMCID: PMC6453447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Behavioral Activation is a behavioral-based treatment that has been proposed as suitable for smoking cessation, as it simultaneously addresses reinforcement-related variables and also mood management. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment with components of behavioral activation (SCBSCT-BA) with a standard cognitive-behavioral treatment (SCBSCT), and a wait-list control group (WL). Method The sample was comprised of 275 adults smokers (61.4% females, mean age = 45.36, SD = 10.96). After baseline assessment sessions, participants were randomized (ratio: 2.2.1.) to SCBSCT-BA, SCBSCT, or WL. Active groups received 8 weekly 1-hour face-to-face group sessions. Biochemically verified smoking abstinence and depressive symptoms were assessed at the end of treatment, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Results Significant treatment effects in 7-dayspoint prevalence abstinence rates were found for both active groups at the end of treatment. Abstinence rates at 12-months follow-up were 30% for SCBSCT-BA, and 18% for SCBSCT. Using Multiple Imputation for missing data, regression analysis showed significantly greater ORs for the SCBSCT-BA condition (vs. SCBSCT) at the end of treatment and at 3-months follow-up. At 6-, and 12-months follow-ups, ORs for the SCBSCT-BA condition, although greater, did not reach statistical significance. Multilevel analysis showed that abstinence was related to reductions in depressive symptoms. Conclusions SCBSCT-BA obtained positive results at short and medium term. Participants who quit smoking experienced a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Findings support the benefit of adding BA to a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.govNCT02844595.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martínez-Vispo
- Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-Cano
- Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana López-Durán
- Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Senra
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Elisardo Becoña
- Smoking Cessation and Addictive Disorders Unit, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vicens J, Perelló J, Duch J. Citizen Social Lab: A digital platform for human behavior experimentation within a citizen science framework. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207219. [PMID: 30521566 PMCID: PMC6283465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperation is one of the behavioral traits that define human beings, however we are still trying to understand why humans cooperate. Behavioral experiments have been largely conducted to shed light into the mechanisms behind cooperation-and other behavioral traits. However, most of these experiments have been conducted in laboratories with highly controlled experimental protocols but with limitations in terms of subject pool or decisions' context, which limits the reproducibility and the generalization of the results obtained. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, some experimental approaches have moved human behavior experimentation from laboratories to public spaces, where behaviors occur naturally, and have opened the participation to the general public within the citizen science framework. Given the open nature of these environments, it is critical to establish the appropriate data collection protocols to maintain the same data quality that one can obtain in the laboratories. In this article we introduce Citizen Social Lab, a software platform designed to be used in the wild using citizen science practices. The platform allows researchers to collect data in a more realistic context while maintaining the scientific rigor, and it is structured in a modular and scalable way so it can also be easily adapted for online or brick-and-mortar experimental laboratories. Following citizen science guidelines, the platform is designed to motivate a more general population into participation, but also to promote engaging and learning of the scientific research process. We also review the main results of the experiments performed using the platform up to now, and the set of games that each experiment includes. Finally, we evaluate some properties of the platform, such as the heterogeneity of the samples of the experiments, the satisfaction level of participants, or the technical parameters that demonstrate the robustness of the platform and the quality of the data collected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Vicens
- Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems UBICS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Perelló
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems UBICS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Duch
- Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vicens J, Bueno-Guerra N, Gutiérrez-Roig M, Gracia-Lázaro C, Gómez-Gardeñes J, Perelló J, Sánchez A, Moreno Y, Duch J. Resource heterogeneity leads to unjust effort distribution in climate change mitigation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204369. [PMID: 30379845 PMCID: PMC6209147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change mitigation is a shared global challenge that involves collective action of a set of individuals with different tendencies to cooperation. However, we lack an understanding of the effect of resource inequality when diverse actors interact together towards a common goal. Here, we report the results of a collective-risk dilemma experiment in which groups of individuals were initially given either equal or unequal endowments. We found that the effort distribution was highly inequitable, with participants with fewer resources contributing significantly more to the public goods than the richer -sometimes twice as much. An unsupervised learning algorithm classified the subjects according to their individual behavior, finding the poorest participants within two "generous clusters" and the richest into a "greedy cluster". Our results suggest that policies would benefit from educating about fairness and reinforcing climate justice actions addressed to vulnerable people instead of focusing on understanding generic or global climate consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Vicens
- Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Complex Systems UBICS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mario Gutiérrez-Roig
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Behavioural Science Group, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Gracia-Lázaro
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Unidad Mixta Interdisciplinar de Comportamiento y Complejidad Social (UMICCS), UC3M-UV-UZ, Leganés, Spain
| | - Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josep Perelló
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Complex Systems UBICS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Sánchez
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Unidad Mixta Interdisciplinar de Comportamiento y Complejidad Social (UMICCS), UC3M-UV-UZ, Leganés, Spain
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Unidad de Matemática, Modelización y Ciencia Computacional, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
- Institute UC3M-BS of Financial Big Data, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe, Spain
| | - Yamir Moreno
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Unidad Mixta Interdisciplinar de Comportamiento y Complejidad Social (UMICCS), UC3M-UV-UZ, Leganés, Spain
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Duch
- Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Emergent patterns in complex systems are related with many intriguing phenomena in modern science. One question that has sparked vigorous debates is if difficulties in the modelization of emergent behaviours are a consequence of ontological or epistemological limitations. To elucidate this question, we propose a novel approximation through constructive logic. Under this framework, experimental measurements will be considered conceptual building blocks from which we aim to achieve a description of the microstates ensemble mapping the macroscopic emergent observation. This procedure allow us to have full control of any information loss, thus making the analysis of different systems fairly comparable. In particular, we aim to look for compact descriptions of the constraints underlying a dynamical system, as a necessary a priori step to develop explanatory (mechanistic) models. We apply our proposal to a synthetic system to show that the number and scope of the system’s constraints hinder our ability to build compact descriptions, being those systems under global constraints a limiting case in which such a description is unreachable. This result clearly links the epistemological limits of the framework selected with an ontological feature of the system, leading us to propose a definition of emergence strength which we make compatible with the scientific method through the active intervention of the observer on the system, following the spirit of Granger causality. We think that our approximation clarifies previous discrepancies found in the literature, reconciles distinct attempts to classify emergent processes, and paves the way to understand other challenging concepts such as downward causation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pascual-García
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
We report experimental evidence on second-movers' behavior in the investment game (also known as the trust game) when there exists endowment heterogeneity. Using a within-subject analysis, we investigate whether or not second-movers exhibit some taste for inequality aversion by returning a larger (smaller) share of the available funds to first-movers who are initially endowed with a lesser (larger) endowment, respectively. Our data suggest that second-movers do not take into consideration the level of endowments when making their decisions as their behavior is consistent across distribution of endowments; i.e., they return the same proportion of the available funds regardless of the endowments. We indeed find that some second-movers have a tendency to return what they have received from first-movers. In our data, there is also a substantial proportion of second-movers who are selfish and return nothing. (JEL Codes: C72, C91, D3, D63).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Rodriguez-Lara
- Middlesex University London, Business School, Hendon Campus, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sevillano V, Aznarte JL. Improving classification of pollen grain images of the POLEN23E dataset through three different applications of deep learning convolutional neural networks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201807. [PMID: 30216353 PMCID: PMC6138340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In palynology, the visual classification of pollen grains from different species is a hard task which is usually tackled by human operators using microscopes. Its complete automatization would save a high quantity of resources and provide valuable improvements especially for allergy-related information systems, but also for other application fields as paleoclimate reconstruction, quality control of honey based products, collection of evidences in criminal investigations or fabric dating and tracking. This paper presents three state-of-the-art deep learning classification methods applied to the recently published POLEN23E image dataset. The three methods make use of convolutional neural networks: the first one is strictly based on the idea of transfer learning, the second one is based on feature extraction and the third one represents a hybrid approach, combining transfer learning and feature extraction. The results from the three methods are indeed very good, reaching over 97% correct classification rates in images not previously seen by the models, where other authors reported around 70.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Sevillano
- Technical Superior School of Computer Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia – UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Aznarte
- Artificial Intelligence Department, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia – UNED, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vives ML, Aparici M, Costa A. The limits of the foreign language effect on decision-making: The case of the outcome bias and the representativeness heuristic. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203528. [PMID: 30192841 PMCID: PMC6128570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Language context (native vs. foreign) affects people's choices and preferences in a wide variety of situations. However, emotional reactions are a key component driving people's choices in those situations. In six studies, we test whether foreign language context modifies biases and the use of heuristics not directly caused by emotional reactions. We fail to find evidence that foreign language context modifies the extent to which people suffer from outcome bias (Experiment 1a & 1b) and the use of the representativeness heuristic (Experiment 2a & 2b). Furthermore, foreign language context does not modulate decision-making in those scenarios even when emotion is brought into the context (Experiment 1c & 2c). Foreign language context shapes decision-making, but the scope of its effects might be limited to decision-making tendencies in which emotion plays a causal role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Lluís Vives
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melina Aparici
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l'Educació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Costa
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBFEM) is becoming a popular technology in neuroscience. We have seen in the last years an increasing number of works addressing the problem of segmenting cellular structures in SBFEM images of brain tissue. The vast majority of them is designed to segment one specific structure, typically membranes, synapses and mitochondria. Our hypothesis is that the performance of these algorithms can be improved by concurrently segmenting more than one structure using image descriptions obtained at different scales. RESULTS We consider the simultaneous segmentation of two structures, namely, synapses with mitochondria, and mitochondra with membranes. To this end we select three image stacks encompassing different SBFEM acquisition technologies and image resolutions. We introduce both a new Boosting algorithm to perform feature scale selection and the Jaccard Curve as a tool compare several segmentation results. We then experimentally study the gains in performance obtained when simultaneously segmenting two structures with properly selected image descriptor scales. The results show that by doing so we achieve significant gains in segmentation accuracy when compared to the best results in the literature. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneously segmenting several neuronal structures described at different scales provides voxel classification algorithms with highly discriminating features that significantly improve segmentation accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick Cetina
- Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo s/n, Boadilla del Monte, España, Madrid, 28660 Spain
| | | | - Luis Baumela
- Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo s/n, Boadilla del Monte, España, Madrid, 28660 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ruiz-Hernández V, Roca MJ, Egea-Cortines M, Weiss J. A comparison of semi-quantitative methods suitable for establishing volatile profiles. Plant Methods 2018; 14:67. [PMID: 30100921 PMCID: PMC6083509 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Full scent profiles emitted by living tissues can be screened by using total ion chromatograms generated in full scan mode and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique using Headspace Sorptive Extraction. This allows the identification of specific compounds and their absolute quantification or relative abundance. Quantifications ideally should be based on calibration curves using standards for each compound. However, the unpredictable composition of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and lack of standards make this approach difficult. Researchers studying scent profiles therefore concentrate on identifying specific scent footprints i.e. relative abundance rather than absolute quantities. We compared several semi-quantitative methods: external calibration curves generated in the sampling system and by liquid addition of standards to stir bars, total integrated peak area per fresh weight (FW), normalized peak area per FW, semi-quantification based on internal standard abundance, semi-quantification based on the nearest n-alkane and percentage of emission. Furthermore, we explored the usage of nearest components and single calibrators for semi-quantifications. RESULTS Any of the semi-quantification methods based on a standard produced similar or even identical results compared to quantification by a true-standard for a compound, except for the method based on standard addition. Each method beholds advantages and disadvantages regarding level of accuracy, experimental variability, acceptance and retrieved quantities. CONCLUSIONS Our data shows that, except for the method of standard addition to the biological sample, the rest of the semi-quantification methods studied give highly similar statistical results. Any of the methodologies presented here can therefore be considered as valid for scent profiling. Regarding relative proportions of VOCs, the generation of calibration curves for each compound analysed is not necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ruiz-Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - María José Roca
- Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Julia Weiss
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sevilla G, Rosselló J, Salvador R, Sarró S, López-Araquistain L, Pomarol-Clotet E, Hinzen W. Deficits in nominal reference identify thought disordered speech in a narrative production task. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201545. [PMID: 30086142 PMCID: PMC6080774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Formal thought disorder (TD) is a neuropathology manifest in formal language dysfunction, but few behavioural linguistic studies exist. These have highlighted problems in the domain of semantics and more specifically of reference. Here we aimed for a more complete and systematic linguistic model of TD, focused on (i) a more in-depth analysis of anomalies of reference as depending on the grammatical construction type in which they occur, and (ii) measures of formal grammatical complexity and errors. Narrative speech obtained from 40 patients with schizophrenia, 20 with TD and 20 without, and from 14 healthy controls matched on pre-morbid IQ, was rated blindly. Results showed that of 10 linguistic variables annotated, 4 showed significant differences between groups, including the two patient groups. These all concerned mis-uses of noun phrases (NPs) for purposes of reference, but showed sensitivity to how NPs were classed: definite and pronominal forms of reference were more affected than indefinite and non-pronominal (lexical) NPs. None of the measures of formal grammatical complexity and errors distinguished groups. We conclude that TD exhibits a specific and differentiated linguistic profile, which can illuminate TD neuro-cognitively and inform future neuroimaging studies, and can have clinical utility as a linguistic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sevilla
- Grammar & Cognition Lab, Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Rosselló
- Grammar & Cognition Lab, Department of Catalan Philology and General Linguistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Biomedicina en Red en Salud Mental), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Biomedicina en Red en Salud Mental), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Biomedicina en Red en Salud Mental), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfram Hinzen
- Grammar & Cognition Lab, Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies and Research (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ridao-Fernández C, Chamorro-Moriana G, Ojeda J. Influence of the load exerted over a forearm crutch in spatiotemporal step parameters during assisted gait: pilot study. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:98. [PMID: 30021612 PMCID: PMC6052579 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assisted gait with forearm crutches is frequently performed during the recovery of musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limb. The amount of body weight applied to the crutch or crutches depends on the pathology and the treatment phase. The transition from assisted gait with two crutches to a single crutch is usually recommended when the subject is able to load the 50% of the body weight upon the affected member. An altered assisted gait will cause biomechanic alterations and, therefore, longer treatments and relapses. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of 10, 25 and 50% of body weight applied to a forearm crutch during a unilateral assisted gait in the spatial and temporal step parameters to determine the load that produces alterations in gait biomechanics and the load that does not. METHODS Eleven healthy subjects performed normal gait (NG) and assisted gait with a forearm crutch, in which the applied loads were: comfortable (C), 25 and 50% of their body weight. Vicon System was employed for gait recording. GCH System 2.0 and GCH Control Software 1.0 controlled the loads. The variables were: step length, step period, velocity, step width and step angle. Friedman test compared all the gait modalities: NG and the different loads. Wilcoxon signed-rank test analyzed ipsilateral and contralateral step parameters to the crutch globally and for each subject. RESULTS Friedman test showed significant differences between NG, C, 25 and 50%, especially for step period and velocity. Wilcoxon test had significant differences only in 4 of the 20 general comparisons between ipsilateral and contralateral steps to the crutch. In the analysis by subjects, step length, step period and velocity showed 79/132, 110/132 and 58/66 significant differences, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The increase in the load exerted over a forearm crutch produced an increase in the step period, accompanied by a reduction of step length and gait velocity. Step width and step angle were not modified. The unloading of 25 and 50% of body weight on a single crutch is incorrect from the biomechanical point of view. Two crutches should be employed when the body weight to unload exceeds 10%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ridao-Fernández
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305”, University of Seville, C/Avicena s/n, C.P. 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Gema Chamorro-Moriana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Research Group “Area of Physiotherapy CTS-305”, University of Seville, C/Avicena s/n, C.P. 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ojeda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Manufacture, Research Group “Mechanical Engineering”, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
López-Angulo J, Pescador DS, Sánchez AM, Mihoč MAK, Cavieres LA, Escudero A. Determinants of high mountain plant diversity in the Chilean Andes: From regional to local spatial scales. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200216. [PMID: 29979767 PMCID: PMC6034847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountains are considered excellent natural laboratories for studying the determinants of plant diversity at contrasting spatial scales. To gain insights into how plant diversity is structured at different spatial scales, we surveyed high mountain plant communities in the Chilean Andes where man-driven perturbations are rare. This was done along elevational gradients located at different latitudes taking into account factors that act at fine scales, including abiotic (potential solar radiation and soil quality) and biotic (species interactions) factors, and considering multiple spatial scales. Species richness, inverse of Simpson's concentration (Dequiv), beta-diversity and plant cover were estimated using the percentage of cover per species recorded in 34 sites in the different regions with contrasted climates. Overall, plant species richness, Dequiv and plant cover were lower in sites located at higher latitudes. We found a unimodal relationship between species richness and elevation and this pattern was constant independently of the regional climatic conditions. Soil quality decreased the beta-diversity among the plots in each massif and increased the richness, the Dequiv and cover. Segregated patterns of species co-occurrence were related to increases in richness, Dequiv and plant cover at finer scales. Our results showed that elevation patterns of alpine plant diversity remained constant along the regions although the mechanisms underlying these diversity patterns may differ among climatic regions. They also suggested that the patterns of plant diversity in alpine ecosystems respond to a series of factors (abiotic and biotic) that act jointly at different spatial scale determining the assemblages of local communities, but their importance can only be assessed using a multi-scale spatial approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús López-Angulo
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David S. Pescador
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lohengrin A. Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a complex and highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can arise all over the body, originating from neuroendocrine cells. NETs are characterized by a general lack of symptoms until they are in advanced phase, and early biomarkers are not as available and useful as required. Heterogeneity is an intrinsic, pivotal feature of NETs that derives from diverse causes and ultimately shapes tumor fate. The different layers that conform NET heterogeneity include a wide range of distinct characteristics, from the mere location of the tumor to its clinical and functional features, and from its cellular properties, to the core signaling and (epi)genetic components defining the molecular signature of the tumor. The importance of this heterogeneity resides in that it translates into a high variability among tumors and, hence, patients, which hinders a more precise diagnosis and prognosis and more efficacious treatment of these diseases. In this review, we highlight the significance of this heterogeneity as an intrinsic hallmark of NETs, its repercussion on clinical approaches and tumor management, and some of the possible factors associated to such heterogeneity, including epigenetic and genetic elements, post-transcriptional regulation, or splicing alterations. Notwithstanding, heterogeneity can also represent a valuable and actionable feature, towards improving medical approaches based on personalized medicine. We conclude that NETs can no longer be viewed as a single disease entity and that their diagnosis, prognosis and treatment must reflect and incorporate this heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pedraza-Arévalo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilia Alors-Pérez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Edificio IMIBIC, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain.
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lafarga T, Bobo G, Viñas I, Collazo C, Aguiló-Aguayo I. Effects of thermal and non-thermal processing of cruciferous vegetables on glucosinolates and its derived forms. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55:1973-1981. [PMID: 29892097 PMCID: PMC5976619 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Brassica vegetables, which include broccoli, kale, cauliflower, and Brussel sprouts, are known for their high glucosinolate content. Glucosinolates and their derived forms namely isothiocyanates are of special interest in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to their antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and anticarcinogenic properties. These compounds are water soluble and heat-sensitive and have been proved to be heavily lost during thermal processing. In addition, previous studies suggested that novel non-thermal technologies such as high pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, or ultraviolet irradiation can affect the glucosinolate content of cruciferous vegetables. The objective of this paper was to review current knowledge about the effects of both thermal and non-thermal processing technologies on the content of glucosinolates and their derived forms in brassica vegetables. This paper also highlights the importance of the incorporation of brassica vegetables into our diet for their health-promoting properties beyond their anticarcinogenic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Lafarga
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia Spain
| | - Gloria Bobo
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia Spain
| | - Inmaculada Viñas
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Catalonia Spain
| | - Cyrelys Collazo
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia Spain
| | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Baylis P, Obradovich N, Kryvasheyeu Y, Chen H, Coviello L, Moro E, Cebrian M, Fowler JH. Weather impacts expressed sentiment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195750. [PMID: 29694424 PMCID: PMC5918636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We conduct the largest ever investigation into the relationship between meteorological conditions and the sentiment of human expressions. To do this, we employ over three and a half billion social media posts from tens of millions of individuals from both Facebook and Twitter between 2009 and 2016. We find that cold temperatures, hot temperatures, precipitation, narrower daily temperature ranges, humidity, and cloud cover are all associated with worsened expressions of sentiment, even when excluding weather-related posts. We compare the magnitude of our estimates with the effect sizes associated with notable historical events occurring within our data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Baylis
- Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nick Obradovich
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yury Kryvasheyeu
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Haohui Chen
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Coviello
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Esteban Moro
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics and GISC, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Spain
| | - Manuel Cebrian
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James H. Fowler
- Departments of Political Science and Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carro J, Fernández-Fueyo E, Fernández-Alonso C, Cañada J, Ullrich R, Hofrichter M, Alcalde M, Ferreira P, Martínez AT. Self-sustained enzymatic cascade for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from 5-methoxymethylfurfural. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:86. [PMID: 29619082 PMCID: PMC5880071 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid is a renewable building block for the production of polyfurandicarboxylates, which are biodegradable polyesters expected to substitute their classical counterparts derived from fossil resources. It may be produced from bio-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural or 5-methoxymethylfurfural, both obtained by the acidic dehydration of biomass-derived fructose. 5-Methoxymethylfurfural, which is produced in the presence of methanol, generates less by-products and exhibits better storage stability than 5-hydroxymethylfurfural being, therefore, the industrial substrate of choice. RESULTS In this work, an enzymatic cascade involving three fungal oxidoreductases has been developed for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from 5-methoxymethylfurfural. Aryl-alcohol oxidase and unspecific peroxygenase act on 5-methoxymethylfurfural and its partially oxidized derivatives yielding 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, as well as methanol as a by-product. Methanol oxidase takes advantage of the methanol released for in situ producing H2O2 that, along with that produced by aryl-alcohol oxidase, fuels the peroxygenase reactions. In this way, the enzymatic cascade proceeds independently, with the only input of atmospheric O2, to attain a 70% conversion of initial 5-methoxymethylfurfural. The addition of some exogenous methanol to the reaction further improves the yield to attain an almost complete conversion of 5-methoxymethylfurfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic action of aryl-alcohol oxidase and unspecific peroxygenase in the presence of 5-methoxymethylfurfural and O2 is sufficient for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. The addition of methanol oxidase to the enzymatic cascade increases the 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid yields by oxidizing a reaction by-product to fuel the peroxygenase reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - René Ullrich
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau - Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, International Institute Zittau - Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and BIFI, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Saragossa, Spain
| | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mayol L, Barberà G. Anaphoric Strategies Across Language Modalities: A Comparison Between Catalan and Catalan Sign Language (LSC). J Psycholinguist Res 2018; 47:431-447. [PMID: 29168117 PMCID: PMC8476365 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-017-9540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to compare the different anaphoric strategies that Catalan and Catalan Sign Language (LSC) use by means of a parallel corpus. In particular, our comparison is focused in an examination of the uses of overt subject pronouns in Catalan and how these uses are rendered in a language that exploits the visual-manual modality, such as LSC. As far as we know, this is one of the first studies to compare reference-tracking devices in a spoken and a signed language by means of a parallel corpus and incorporating both a descriptive and a theoretical perspective. All instances of overt pronouns in Catalan were analyzed and most of the data can be accounted with three factors: topic change, focus and contrast. As for LSC, the use of pronouns is rare and only few instances were found. Instead, other anaphoric strategies are used: while topic change and focus are primarily encoded with bare nouns, the expression of contrast relies on modality-specific features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Mayol
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fernández-Carrión E, Ivorra B, Ramos ÁM, Martínez-López B, Aguilar-Vega C, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. An advection-deposition-survival model to assess the risk of introduction of vector-borne diseases through the wind: Application to bluetongue outbreaks in Spain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194573. [PMID: 29566088 PMCID: PMC5864019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work develops a methodology for estimating risk of wind-borne introduction of flying insects into a country, identifying areas and periods of high risk of vector-borne diseases incursion. This risk can be characterized by the role of suitable temperatures and wind currents in small insects' survival and movements, respectively. The model predicts the number density of introduced insects over space and time based on three processes: the advection due to wind currents, the deposition on the ground and the survival due to climatic conditions. Spanish livestock has suffered many bluetongue outbreaks since 2004 and numerous experts point to Culicoides transported by wind from affected areas in North Africa as a possible cause. This work implements numerical experiments simulating the introduction of Culicoides in 2004. The model identified southern and eastern Spain, particularly between June and November, as being at greatest risk of wind-borne Culicoides introduction, which matches field data on bluetongue outbreaks in Spain this year. This validation suggests that this model may be useful for predicting introduction of airborne pathogens of significance to animal productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernández-Carrión
- VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Benjamin Ivorra
- MOMAT Research group, IMI-Institute and Applied Mathematics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Manuel Ramos
- MOMAT Research group, IMI-Institute and Applied Mathematics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- CADMS Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Aguilar-Vega
- VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Praticò G, Gao Q, Scalbert A, Vergères G, Kolehmainen M, Manach C, Brennan L, Pedapati SH, Afman LA, Wishart DS, Vázquez-Fresno R, Andres-Lacueva C, Garcia-Aloy M, Verhagen H, Feskens EJM, Dragsted LO. Guidelines for Biomarker of Food Intake Reviews (BFIRev): how to conduct an extensive literature search for biomarker of food intake discovery. Genes Nutr 2018; 13:3. [PMID: 29484030 PMCID: PMC5819202 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Identification of new biomarkers of food and nutrient intake has developed fast over the past two decades and could potentially provide important new tools for compliance monitoring and dietary intake assessment in nutrition and health science. In recent years, metabolomics has played an important role in identifying a large number of putative biomarkers of food intake (BFIs). However, the large body of scientific literature on potential BFIs outside the metabolomics area should also be taken into account. In particular, we believe that extensive literature reviews should be conducted and that the quality of all suggested biomarkers should be systematically evaluated. In order to cover the literature on BFIs in the most appropriate and consistent manner, there is a need for appropriate guidelines on this topic. These guidelines should build upon guidelines in related areas of science while targeting the special needs of biomarker methodology. This document provides a guideline for conducting an extensive literature search on BFIs, which will provide the basis to systematically validate BFIs. This procedure will help to prioritize future work on the identification of new potential biomarkers and on validating these as well as other biomarker candidates, thereby providing better tools for future studies in nutrition and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Praticò
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD, Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sri Harsha Pedapati
- UCD, Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lydia A. Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David S. Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Verhagen
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | | | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Chemical cues play a fundamental role in mate attraction and mate choice. Lepidopteran females, such as the winter moth (Operophtera brumata), emit pheromones to attract males in the reproductive period. However, these chemical cues could also be eavesdropped by predators. To our knowledge, no studies have examined whether birds can detect pheromones of their prey. O. brumata adults are part of the winter diet of some insectivorous tit species, such as the great tit (Parus major) and blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). We performed a field experiment aimed to disentangle whether insectivorous birds can exploit the pheromones emitted by their prey for prey location. We placed artificial larvae and a dispenser on branches of Pyrenean oak trees (Quercus pyrenaica). In half of the trees we placed an O. brumata pheromone dispenser and in the other half we placed a control dispenser. We measured the predation rate of birds on artificial larvae. Our results show that more trees had larvae with signs of avian predation when they contained an O. brumata pheromone than when they contained a control dispenser. Furthermore, the proportion of artificial larvae with signs of avian predation was greater in trees that contained the pheromone than in control trees. Our results indicate that insectivorous birds can exploit the pheromones emitted by moth females to attract males, as a method of prey detection. These results highlight the potential use of insectivorous birds in the biological control of insect pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Saavedra
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Luisa Amo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vialet A, Modesto-Mata M, Martinón-Torres M, Martínez de Pinillos M, Bermúdez de Castro JM. A reassessment of the Montmaurin-La Niche mandible (Haute Garonne, France) in the context of European Pleistocene human evolution. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189714. [PMID: 29337994 PMCID: PMC5770020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We here present a comparative study of the Montmaurin-LN Middle Pleistocene mandible (Haute-Garonne, France). This mandible, of which its right and left molar series are preserved in situ, was found in La Niche cave (Montmaurin's karst system) in 1949, and was first attributed to the 'Mindel-Riss' interglacial (= MIS 9 to 11) based on its geological context. Later studies based on geological and faunal evidence have attributed the Montmaurin-LN mandible to MIS 7. Following a detailed morphological and metric comparative study of the mandible in the 1970s, it was interpreted in the light of a still limited fossil record and the prevailing paradigm back then. Waiting for geochronological studies in the forthcoming years, here we review the main morphological and metrical features of this mandible and its molars, which have been reassessed in the framework of a remarkably enlarged Pleistocene fossil record since the mandible was first described, and our current, more in-depth understanding of human evolution in Europe. Using a selection of mandibular features with potential taxonomic signal we have found that the Montmaurin-LN mandible shares only a few derived traits with Neandertals. Our analyses reveal that this mandible is more closely related to the ancient specimens from the African and Eurasian Early and Middle Pleistocene, particularly due to the presence of primitive features of the Homo clade. In contrast, the external morphology of the molars is clearly similar to that of Neandertals. The results are assessed in the light of the present competing hypotheses used to explain the European hominin fossil record.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Vialet
- Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR7194, UPVD, Centre Européen de Recherches Préhistoriques de Tautavel, Paris, France
| | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, Spain
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura (EPPEX), Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana (LEH), Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Hospital del Rey S/N, Burgos, Spain
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - José-María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Capdevila P, Linares C, Aspillaga E, Riera JL, Hereu B. Effective dispersal and density-dependence in mesophotic macroalgal forests: Insights from the Mediterranean species Cystoseira zosteroides. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191346. [PMID: 29329336 PMCID: PMC5766243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal and recruitment are fundamental processes for population recovery following disturbances in sessile species. While both processes are well understood for many terrestrial species, they still remain poorly resolved for some macroalgal species. Here we experimentally investigated the effective dispersal and recruit survival of a mesophotic Mediterranean fucoid, Cystoseira zosteroides. In three isolated populations, four sets of settlement collectors were placed at increasing distances (from 0 to 10 m) and different orientations (North, South, East and West). We observed that effective dispersal was restricted to populations' vicinity, with an average of 6.43 m and not further than 13.33 m, following a Weibull distribution. During their first year of life, survival was up to 50%, but it was lower underneath the adult canopy, suggesting a negative density-dependence. To put our results in a broader context we compared the effective dispersal of other fucoid and kelp species reported in the literature, which confirmed the low dispersal ability of brown algae, in particular for fucoids, with an effective dispersal of few meters. Given the importance of recruitment for the persistence and recovery of populations after disturbances, these results underline the vulnerability of C. zosteroides and other fucoid species to escalating threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Capdevila
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eneko Aspillaga
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Lluís Riera
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Andrés-Blanco AM, Álvarez D, Crespo A, Arroyo CA, Cerezo-Hernández A, Gutiérrez-Tobal GC, Hornero R, del Campo F. Assessment of automated analysis of portable oximetry as a screening test for moderate-to-severe sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188094. [PMID: 29176802 PMCID: PMC5703515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coexistence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) leads to increased morbidity and mortality. The development of home-based screening tests is essential to expedite diagnosis. Nevertheless, there is still very limited evidence on the effectiveness of portable monitoring to diagnose OSAS in patients with pulmonary comorbidities. Objective To assess the influence of suffering from COPD in the performance of an oximetry-based screening test for moderate-to-severe OSAS, both in the hospital and at home. Methods A total of 407 patients showing moderate-to-high clinical suspicion of OSAS were involved in the study. All subjects underwent (i) supervised portable oximetry simultaneously to in-hospital polysomnography (PSG) and (ii) unsupervised portable oximetry at home. A regression-based multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) was trained to estimate the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from portable oximetry recordings. Two independent validation datasets were analyzed: COPD versus non-COPD. Results The portable oximetry-based MLP ANN reached similar intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values between the estimated AHI and the actual AHI for the non-COPD and the COPD groups either in the hospital (non-COPD: 0.937, 0.909–0.956 CI95%; COPD: 0.936, 0.899–0.960 CI95%) and at home (non-COPD: 0.731, 0.631–0.808 CI95%; COPD: 0.788, 0.678–0.864 CI95%). Regarding the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), no statistically significant differences (p >0.01) between COPD and non-COPD groups were found in both settings, particularly for severe OSAS (AHI ≥30 events/h): 0.97 (0.92–0.99 CI95%) non-COPD vs. 0.98 (0.92–1.0 CI95%) COPD in the hospital, and 0.87 (0.79–0.92 CI95%) non-COPD vs. 0.86 (0.75–0.93 CI95%) COPD at home. Conclusion The agreement and the diagnostic performance of the estimated AHI from automated analysis of portable oximetry were similar regardless of the presence of COPD both in-lab and at-home. Particularly, portable oximetry could be used as an abbreviated screening test for moderate-to-severe OSAS in patients with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Álvarez
- Pneumology Service, Río Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andrea Crespo
- Pneumology Service, Río Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - C. Ainhoa Arroyo
- Pneumology Service, Río Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Félix del Campo
- Pneumology Service, Río Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Franch-Gras L, García-Roger EM, Franch B, Carmona MJ, Serra M. Quantifying unpredictability: A multiple-model approach based on satellite imagery data from Mediterranean ponds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187958. [PMID: 29121667 PMCID: PMC5679618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in environmental parameters are increasingly being recognized as essential features of any habitat. The quantification of whether environmental fluctuations are prevalently predictable or unpredictable is remarkably relevant to understanding the evolutionary responses of organisms. However, when characterizing the relevant features of natural habitats, ecologists typically face two problems: (1) gathering long-term data and (2) handling the hard-won data. This paper takes advantage of the free access to long-term recordings of remote sensing data (27 years, Landsat TM/ETM+) to assess a set of environmental models for estimating environmental predictability. The case study included 20 Mediterranean saline ponds and lakes, and the focal variable was the water-surface area. This study first aimed to produce a method for accurately estimating the water-surface area from satellite images. Saline ponds can develop salt-crusted areas that make it difficult to distinguish between soil and water. This challenge was addressed using a novel pipeline that combines band ratio water indices and the short near-infrared band as a salt filter. The study then extracted the predictable and unpredictable components of variation in the water-surface area. Two different approaches, each showing variations in the parameters, were used to obtain the stochastic variation around a regular pattern with the objective of dissecting the effect of assumptions on predictability estimations. The first approach, which is based on Colwell's predictability metrics, transforms the focal variable into a nominal one. The resulting discrete categories define the relevant variations in the water-surface area. In the second approach, we introduced General Additive Model (GAM) fitting as a new metric for quantifying predictability. Both approaches produced a wide range of predictability for the studied ponds. Some model assumptions-which are considered very different a priori-had minor effects, whereas others produced predictability estimations that showed some degree of divergence. We hypothesize that these diverging estimations of predictability reflect the effect of fluctuations on different types of organisms. The fluctuation analysis described in this manuscript is applicable to a wide variety of systems, including both aquatic and non-aquatic systems, and will be valuable for quantifying and characterizing predictability, which is essential within the expected global increase in the unpredictability of environmental fluctuations. We advocate that a priori information for organisms of interest should be used to select the most suitable metrics for estimating predictability, and we provide some guidelines for this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Franch-Gras
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Belen Franch
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States of America
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - María José Carmona
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Serra
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Calvo-Martín JM, Papaceit M, Segarra C. Molecular population genetics of the Polycomb genes in Drosophila subobscura. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185005. [PMID: 28910411 PMCID: PMC5599051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are important regulatory factors that modulate the chromatin state. They form protein complexes that repress gene expression by the introduction of posttranslational histone modifications. The study of PcG proteins divergence in Drosophila revealed signals of coevolution among them and an acceleration of the nonsynonymous evolutionary rate in the lineage ancestral to the obscura group species, mainly in subunits of the Pcl-PRC2 complex. Herein, we have studied the nucleotide polymorphism of PcG genes in a natural population of D. subobscura to detect whether natural selection has also modulated the evolution of these important regulatory genes in a more recent time scale. Results show that most genes are under the action of purifying selection and present a level and pattern of polymorphism consistent with predictions of the neutral model, the exceptions being Su(z)12 and Pho. MK tests indicate an accumulation of adaptive changes in the SU(Z)12 protein during the divergence of D. subobscura and D. guanche. In contrast, the HKA test shows a deficit of polymorphism at Pho. The most likely explanation for this reduced variation is the location of this gene in the dot-like chromosome and would indicate that this chromosome also has null or very low recombination in D. subobscura, as reported in D. melanogaster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Calvo-Martín
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Papaceit
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Segarra
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Díaz-Moreno A, Barberi G, Cocina O, Koulakov I, Scarfì L, Zuccarello L, Prudencio J, García-Yeguas A, Álvarez I, García L, Ibáñez JM. New Insights on Mt. Etna's Crust and Relationship with the Regional Tectonic Framework from Joint Active and Passive P-Wave Seismic Tomography. Surv Geophys 2017; 39:57-97. [PMID: 31997846 PMCID: PMC6956905 DOI: 10.1007/s10712-017-9425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Central Mediterranean region, the production of chemically diverse volcanic products (e.g., those from Mt. Etna and the Aeolian Islands archipelago) testifies to the complexity of the tectonic and geodynamic setting. Despite the large number of studies that have focused on this area, the relationships among volcanism, tectonics, magma ascent, and geodynamic processes remain poorly understood. We present a tomographic inversion of P-wave velocity using active and passive sources. Seismic signals were recorded using both temporary on-land and ocean bottom seismometers and data from a permanent local seismic network consisting of 267 seismic stations. Active seismic signals were generated using air gun shots mounted on the Spanish Oceanographic Vessel 'Sarmiento de Gamboa'. Passive seismic sources were obtained from 452 local earthquakes recorded over a 4-month period. In total, 184,797 active P-phase and 11,802 passive P-phase first arrivals were inverted to provide three different velocity models. Our results include the first crustal seismic active tomography for the northern Sicily area, including the Peloritan-southern Calabria region and both the Mt. Etna and Aeolian volcanic environments. The tomographic images provide a detailed and complete regional seismotectonic framework and highlight a spatially heterogeneous tectonic regime, which is consistent with and extends the findings of previous models. One of our most significant results was a tomographic map extending to 14 km depth showing a discontinuity striking roughly NW-SE, extending from the Gulf of Patti to the Ionian Sea, south-east of Capo Taormina, corresponding to the Aeolian-Tindari-Letojanni fault system, a regional deformation belt. Moreover, for the first time, we observed a high-velocity anomaly located in the south-eastern sector of the Mt. Etna region, offshore of the Timpe area, which is compatible with the plumbing system of an ancient shield volcano located offshore of Mt. Etna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Díaz-Moreno
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, Jane Herdman Building, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GP UK
- Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - G. Barberi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Cocina
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - I. Koulakov
- Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Prospekt Koptyuga, 3, Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str., 2, Novosibirsk, Russia 630090
| | - L. Scarfì
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - L. Zuccarello
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Prudencio
- Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA
| | - A. García-Yeguas
- Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Cadiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - I. Álvarez
- Department of Communication and Signal Theory, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - L. García
- Department of Communication and Signal Theory, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - J. M. Ibáñez
- Instituto Andaluz de Geofisica, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Cosmos, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gayoso L, Poyato C, Calvo MI, Cavero RY, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I. Volatiles formation in gelled emulsions enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids during storage: type of oil and antioxidant. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:2842-2851. [PMID: 28928524 PMCID: PMC5583114 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gelled emulsions with carrageenan are a novel type of emulsion that could be used as a carrier of unsaturated fatty acids in functional foods formulations. Lipid degradation through volatile compounds was studied in gelled emulsions which were high in polyunsaturated oils (sunflower or algae oil) after 49 days of storage. Aqueous Lavandula latifolia extract was tested as a natural antioxidant. Analysis of the complete volatile profile of the samples resulted in a total of 40 compounds, classified in alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols, furans, terpenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. During storage, the formation of the volatile compounds was mostly related to the oxidation of the main fatty acids of the sunflower oil (linolenic acid) and the algae oil (docosahexaenoic acid). Despite the antioxidant capacity shown by the L. latifolia extract, its influence in the oxidative stability in terms of total volatiles was only noticed in sunflower oil gels (p < 0.05), where a significant decrease in the aldehydes fraction was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gayoso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Candelaria Poyato
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Calvo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rita Yolanda Cavero
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diana Ansorena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iciar Astiasarán
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- IDISNA- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|