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Barberger-Gateau P, Samieri C, Feart C, Cunnane SC. Nutrition and Cognitive Decline in Older Persons: Bridging the Gap Between Epidemiology and Intervention Studies. PHARMA-NUTRITION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06151-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Silva V, Barazzoni R, Singer P. Biomarkers of Fish Oil Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake in Humans. Nutr Clin Pract 2013; 29:63-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533613516144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Silva
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierre Singer
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Department of General Intensive Care, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Pollin TI, Quartuccio M. What We Know About Diet, Genes, and Dyslipidemia: Is There Potential for Translation? Curr Nutr Rep 2013; 2:236-242. [PMID: 24524012 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-013-0065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), is the leading cause of death in the United States. Dyslipidemia, including elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), is a well-established risk factor for CAD and is influenced by both genetic and lifestyle factors, including the diet and dietary fat in particular. Major strides in elucidating the genetic basis for dyslipidemia have been made in recent years, and the quest to clarify how genetic differences influence lipid response to dietary intervention continues. Some monogenic conditions such as famililal hypercholesterolemia and sitosterolemia already have customized dietary recommendations. Some promising associations have emerged for more polygenic dyslipidemia, but further studies are needed in large dietary intervention studies capturing increasing amounts of explainable genetic variation before recommendations can be made for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni I Pollin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland ; Program in Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Quartuccio
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Samieri C, Lorrain S, Buaud B, Vaysse C, Berr C, Peuchant E, Cunnane SC, Barberger-Gateau P. Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2559-67. [PMID: 23801662 PMCID: PMC3735952 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p036475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, age and the ε4 allele of the APOE gene (APOE4), might modify the metabolism of n-3 PUFAs and in turn, their impact on cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary fat and plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in elderly persons, taking the APOE4 genotype into account. The sample was composed of 1,135 participants from the Three-City study aged 65 years and over, of whom 19% were APOE4 carriers. Mean plasma proportions of EPA [1.01%, standard deviation (SD) 0.60] and DHA (2.41%, SD 0.81) did not differ according to APOE4. In multivariate models, plasma EPA increased with frequency of fish consumption (P < 0.0001), alcohol intake (P = 0.0006), and female gender (P = 0.02), and decreased with intensive consumption of n-6 oils (P = 0.02). The positive association between fish consumption and plasma DHA was highly significant whatever the APOE genotype (P < 0.0001) but stronger in APOE4 noncarriers than in carriers (P = 0.06 for interaction). Plasma DHA increased significantly with age (P = 0.009) in APOE4 noncarriers only. These findings suggest that dietary habits, gender, and APOE4 genotype should be considered when designing interventions to increase n-3 PUFA blood levels in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Samieri
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon Lorrain
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Buaud
- ITERG-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme et Santé, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG-Equipe Nutrition Métabolisme et Santé, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- INSERM, U1061-Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- University Montpellier I, UMR1061, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Evelyne Peuchant
- INSERM, Biothérapies des maladies génétiques et cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, Biothérapies des maladies génétiques et cancers, U1035, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephen C. Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, Dept of Medicine, University Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Barberger-Gateau
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Ooi EMM, Ng TWK, Watts GF, Barrett PHR. Dietary fatty acids and lipoprotein metabolism: new insights and updates. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:192-7. [PMID: 23619368 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283613ba2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dyslipidemia is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fatty acid composition regulates lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and may confer CVD benefit. This review updates understanding of the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism in humans. RECENT FINDINGS High dietary fish-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption diminished hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion and enhanced TRL to LDL conversion. n-3 PUFA also decreased TRL-apoB-48 concentration by decreasing TRL-apoB-48 secretion. High n-6 PUFA intake decreased liver fat, and plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, triglycerides, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Intake of saturated fatty acids with increased palmitic acid at the sn-2 position was associated with decreased postprandial lipemia, which might be due to decreased triglyceride absorption. Replacing carbohydrate with monounsaturated fatty acids increased TRL catabolism. Ruminant trans-fatty acid decreased HDL cholesterol, but the mechanisms are unknown. A new role for APOE genotype in regulating lipid responses was also described. SUMMARY The major advances in understanding the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism have focused on n-3 PUFA. This knowledge provides insights into the importance of regulating lipoprotein metabolism as a mode to improve plasma lipids and potential CVD risk. Further studies are required to better understand the cardiometabolic effects of other dietary fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M M Ooi
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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The genetic contribution to disease risk and variability in response to diet: where is the hidden heritability? Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 72:40-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112002856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, it was assumed that disease risk prediction and personalised nutrition based on genetic information would now be in widespread use. However, this has not (yet) transpired. The interaction of genetic make-up, diet and health is far more complex and subtle than originally thought. With a few notable exceptions, the impact of identified common genetic variants on phenotype is relatively small and variable in their penetrance. Furthermore, the known variants account for only a fraction of what we believe to be the total genetic contribution to disease risk and heterogeneity in response to environmental change. Here, the question ‘how far have we progressed and are we likely to get there’ (Rimbach and Minihane, 2009) is revisited with regard to the translation of genetic knowledge into public health benefit. It is concluded that progress to date has been modest. It is hoped that recent technological developments allowing the detection of rarer variants and future use of more hypothesis-driven targeted data analysis will reveal most of the currently ‘hidden’ significant genetic variability.
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