51
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D'Ignazio L, Batie M, Rocha S. Hypoxia and Inflammation in Cancer, Focus on HIF and NF-κB. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E21. [PMID: 28536364 PMCID: PMC5489807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterised by the presence of hypoxia and inflammation. Paramount to the mechanisms controlling cellular responses under such stress stimuli, are the transcription factor families of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) and Nuclear Factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Although, a detailed understating of how these transcription factors respond to their cognate stimulus is well established, it is now appreciated that HIF and NF-κB undergo extensive crosstalk, in particular in pathological situations such as cancer. Here, we focus on the current knowledge on how HIF is activated by inflammation and how NF-κB is modulated by hypoxia. We summarise the evidence for the possible mechanism behind this activation and how HIF and NF-κB function impacts cancer, focusing on colorectal, breast and lung cancer. We discuss possible new points of therapeutic intervention aiming to harness the current understanding of the HIF-NF-κB crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
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52
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Lu D, Li N, Yao X, Zhou L. Potential inflammatory markers in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2017; 17:47-53. [PMID: 27754829 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a complex chronic inflammatory respiratory disease with multiple pathogenic factors and high morbidity and mortality. Serum levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and surfactant protein D (SPD) were investigated in OSAHS patients, to determine their clinical significance and correlation with the pathogenesis. Patients were classified into a mild and moderate OSAHS group (n = 25) and severe OSAHS group (n = 33). Twenty healthy patients served as a control group. Peripheral blood levels of NF-κB, HIF-1α, and SPD were determined by Western blot, and a correlation analysis was performed. Severe OSAHS patients received nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy and were followed up after 2 months. NF-κB p65, HIF-1α, and SPD expression levels were determined after valid nCPAP therapy. NF-κB p65 and HIF-1α expression was significantly higher in severe OSAHS group than in the other two groups (p < 0.01), and was positively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (r = 0.696, p < 0.001; r = 0.634, p < 0.001). SPD expression was significantly lower in severe OSAHS group than in the control group (p < 0.01) and mild and moderate OSAHS group (p < 0.01), and was negatively correlated with AHI (r = -0.569, p < 0.001). OSAHS pathogenesis was associated with changes in NF-κB, HIF-1α, and SPD protein expression levels. nCPAP therapy could improve the clinical characteristics of the patients, lower serum NF-κB and HIF-1α levels, and increase serum SPD levels. We conclude that OSAHS is related to the expression of NF-κB, HIF-1, and SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Lu
- Postgraduate College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.
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53
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Gutsche K, Randi EB, Blank V, Fink D, Wenger RH, Leo C, Scholz CC. Intermittent hypoxia confers pro-metastatic gene expression selectively through NF-κB in inflammatory breast cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:129-142. [PMID: 27717868 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. Treatment options are limited and the mechanisms underlying its aggressiveness are poorly understood. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) causes oxidative stress and is emerging as important regulator of tumor metastasis. Vessels in IBC tumors have been shown to be immature, which is a primary cause of IH. We therefore investigated the relevance of IH for the modulation of gene expression in IBC cells in order to assess IH as potential regulator of IBC aggressiveness. Gene array analysis of IBC cells following chronic IH (45-60 days) demonstrated increased expression of pro-metastatic genes of the extracellular matrix, such as tenascin-C (TNC; an essential factor of the metastatic niche) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and of pro-inflammatory processes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Investigating the oxidative stress-dependent regulation of TNC, we found a gradual sensitivity on mRNA and protein levels. Oxidative stress activated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), c-Jun and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), but TNC upregulation was only dependent on NF-κB activation. Pharmacological inhibition of inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) phosphorylation as well as overexpression of IκBα prevented TNC, MMP9 and COX-2 induction, whereas the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increased their expression levels. Analysis of the gene array data showed NF-κB binding sites for 64% of all upregulated genes, linking NF-κB with IH-dependent regulation of pro-metastatic gene expression in IBC cells. Our results provide a first link between intermittent hypoxia and pro-metastatic gene expression in IBC cells, revealing a putative novel mechanism for the high metastatic potential of IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Gutsche
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa B Randi
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine & Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2
| | - Daniel Fink
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Leo
- Department Women and Children, Cantonal Hospital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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54
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Manresa MC, Tambuwala MM, Radhakrishnan P, Harnoss JM, Brown E, Cavadas MA, Keogh CE, Cheong A, Barrett KE, Cummins EP, Schneider M, Taylor CT. Hydroxylase inhibition regulates inflammation-induced intestinal fibrosis through the suppression of ERK-mediated TGF-β1 signaling. [corrected]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G1076-G1090. [PMID: 27789456 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00229.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a complication of chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, a condition which has limited therapeutic options and often requires surgical intervention. Pharmacologic inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases, which confer oxygen sensitivity upon the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, has recently been shown to have therapeutic potential in colitis, although the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of hydroxylase inhibition on inflammation-driven fibrosis in a murine colitis model. Mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate, followed by a period of recovery, developed intestinal fibrosis characterized by alterations in the pattern of collagen deposition and infiltration of activated fibroblasts. Treatment with the hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine ameliorated fibrosis. TGF-β1 is a key regulator of fibrosis that acts through the activation of fibroblasts. Hydroxylase inhibition reduced TGF-β1-induced expression of fibrotic markers in cultured fibroblasts, suggesting a direct role for hydroxylases in TGF-β1 signaling. This was at least in part due to inhibition of noncanonical activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. In summary, pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibition ameliorates intestinal fibrosis through suppression of TGF-β1-dependent ERK activation in fibroblasts. We hypothesize that in addition to previously reported immunosupressive effects, hydroxylase inhibitors independently suppress profibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C Manresa
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northerm Ireland
| | - Praveen Radhakrishnan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Harnoss
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Brown
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miguel A Cavadas
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Ciara E Keogh
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Cheong
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; .,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
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55
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Gildeh N, Drakatos P, Higgins S, Rosenzweig I, Kent BD. Emerging co-morbidities of obstructive sleep apnea: cognition, kidney disease, and cancer. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E901-E917. [PMID: 27747026 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.09.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes daytime fatigue and sleepiness, and has an established relationship with cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Recent years have seen the emergence of an evidence base linking OSA with an increased risk of degenerative neurological disease and associated cognitive impairment, an accelerated rate of decline in kidney function with an increased risk of clinically significant chronic kidney disease (CKD), and with a significantly higher rate of cancer incidence and death. This review evaluates the evidence base linking OSA with these seemingly unrelated co-morbidities, and explores potential mechanistic links underpinning their development in patients with OSA, including intermittent hypoxia (IH), sleep fragmentation, sympathetic excitation, and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Gildeh
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College and Imperial College, London, UK;; Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Panagis Drakatos
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College and Imperial College, London, UK;; Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sean Higgins
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College and Imperial College, London, UK;; Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College and Imperial College, London, UK;; Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;; Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Brian D Kent
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, IOPPN, King's College and Imperial College, London, UK;; Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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56
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Abstract
HIF1α is a common component of pathways involved in the control of cellular metabolism and has a role in regulating immune cell effector functions. Additionally, HIF1α is critical for the maturation of dendritic cells and for the activation of T cells. HIF1α is induced in LPS-activated macrophages, where it is critically involved in glycolysis and the induction of proinflammatory genes, notably Il1b. The mechanism of LPS-stimulated HIF1α induction involves succinate, which inhibits prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is also induced and interacts with and promotes the function of HIF1α. In another critical inflammatory cell type, Th17 cells, HIF1α acts via the retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) to drive Th17 differentiation. HIF1α is therefore a key reprogrammer of metabolism in inflammatory cells that promotes inflammatory gene expression.
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57
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Cummins EP, Keogh CE. Respiratory gases and the regulation of transcription. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:986-1002. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P. Cummins
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara E. Keogh
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
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58
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Sung WJ, Kim H, Park KK. The biological role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1199-206. [PMID: 27460444 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process whereby epithelial cells gradually transform into mesenchymal-like cells losing their epithelial functionality and characteristics. EMT is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of numerous lung diseases ranging from developmental disorders and fibrotic tissue remodeling to lung cancer. Lung cancer is the most lethal form of cancer worldwide, and despite significant therapeutic improvements, the patient survival rate still remains low. Activation of EMT endows invasive and metastatic properties upon cancer cells that favor successful colonization of distal target organs. The present review provides a brief insight into the mechanism and biological assessment methods of EMT in lung cancer and summarizes the recent literature highlighting the controversial experimental data and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Sung
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu College of Medicine, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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59
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Müller-Edenborn K, Léger K, Glaus Garzon JF, Oertli C, Mirsaidi A, Richards PJ, Rehrauer H, Spielmann P, Hoogewijs D, Borsig L, Hottiger MO, Wenger RH. Hypoxia attenuates the proinflammatory response in colon cancer cells by regulating IκB. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20288-301. [PMID: 25978030 PMCID: PMC4653005 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two main features common to all solid tumors are tissue hypoxia and inflammation, both of which cause tumor progression, metastasis, therapy resistance and increased mortality. Chronic inflammation is associated with increased cancer risk, as demonstrated for inflammatory bowel disease patients developing colon cancer. However, the interplay between hypoxia and inflammation on the molecular level remains to be elucidated. We found that MC-38 mouse colon cancer cells contain functional hypoxic (HIF-1α) and inflammatory (p65/RelA) signaling pathways. In contrast to cells of the myeloid lineage, HIF-1α levels remained unaffected in MC-38 cells treated with LPS, and hypoxia failed to induce NF-κB. A similar regulation of canonical HIF and NF-κB target genes confirmed these results. RNA deep sequencing of HIF-1α and p65/RelA knock-down cells revealed that a surprisingly large fraction of HIF target genes required p65/RelA for hypoxic regulation and a number of p65/RelA target genes required HIF-1α for proinflammatory regulation, respectively. Hypoxia attenuated the inflammatory response to LPS by inhibiting nuclear translocation of p65/RelA independently of HIF-1α, which was associated with enhanced IκBα levels and decreased IKKβ phosphorylation. These data demonstrate that the interaction between hypoxic and inflammatory signaling pathways needs to be considered when designing cancer therapies targeting HIF or NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Müller-Edenborn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karolin Léger
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus F Glaus Garzon
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carole Oertli
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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60
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Sheng XX, Sun YJ, Zhan Y, Qu YR, Wang HX, Luo M, Liao Y, Qiu XS, Ding C, Fan HJ, Mao X. The LXR ligand GW3965 inhibits Newcastle disease virus infection by affecting cholesterol homeostasis. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2491-501. [PMID: 27357231 PMCID: PMC7087268 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a contagious disease that affects most species of birds. Its causative pathogen, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also exhibits considerable oncolytic activity against mammalian cancers. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of NDV will help us design efficient vaccines and novel anticancer strategies. GW3965, a widely used synthetic ligand of liver X receptor (LXR), induces the expression of LXRs and its downstream genes, including ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). ABCA1 regulates cellular cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we found that GW3965 inhibited NDV infection in DF-1 cells. It also inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines induced by the infection. Further studies showed that GW3965 exerted its inhibitory effects on virus entry and replication. NDV infection increased the mRNA levels of several lipogenic genes but decreased the ABCA1 mRNA level. Overexpression of ABCA1 inhibited NDV infection and reduced the cholesterol content in DF-1 cells, but when the cholesterol was replenished, NDV infection was restored. GW3965 treatment prevented cholesterol accumulation in the perinuclear area of the infected cells. In summary, our studies suggest that GW3965 inhibits NDV infection, probably by affecting cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Xiang Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Rong Qu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Xia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong-Jie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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61
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Osherov N, Ben-Ami R. Modulation of Host Angiogenesis as a Microbial Survival Strategy and Therapeutic Target. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005479. [PMID: 27078259 PMCID: PMC4831739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Osherov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben-Ami
- Infectious Disease Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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62
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D'Ignazio L, Rocha S. Hypoxia Induced NF-κB. Cells 2016; 5:cells5010010. [PMID: 27005664 PMCID: PMC4810095 DOI: 10.3390/cells5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) is a major transcription factor responding to cellular stress, it is perhaps not surprising that is activated by hypoxia, or decreased oxygen availability. However, how NF-κB becomes activated in hypoxia is still not completely understood. Several mechanisms have been proposed and this review will focus on the main findings highlighting the molecules that have been identified in the process of hypoxia induced NF-κB. In addition, we will discuss the role of NF-κB in the control of the cellular response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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63
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Fábián Z, Taylor CT, Nguyen LK. Understanding complexity in the HIF signaling pathway using systems biology and mathematical modeling. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:377-90. [PMID: 26821588 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common micro-environmental stress which is experienced by cells during a range of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. The identification of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) as the master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia transformed our understanding of the mechanism underpinning the hypoxic response at the molecular level and identified HIF as a potentially important new therapeutic target. It has recently become clear that multiple levels of regulatory control exert influence on the HIF pathway giving the response a complex and dynamic activity profile. These include positive and negative feedback loops within the HIF pathway as well as multiple levels of crosstalk with other signaling pathways. The emerging model reflects a multi-level regulatory network that affects multiple aspects of the physiologic response to hypoxia including proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Understanding the interplay between the molecular mechanisms involved in the dynamic regulation of the HIF pathway at a systems level is critically important in defining new appropriate therapeutic targets for human diseases including ischemia, cancer, and chronic inflammation. Here, we review our current knowledge of the regulatory circuits which exert influence over the HIF response and give examples of in silico model-based predictions of the dynamic behaviour of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Fábián
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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64
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REST mediates resolution of HIF-dependent gene expression in prolonged hypoxia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17851. [PMID: 26647819 PMCID: PMC4673454 DOI: 10.1038/srep17851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia which promotes oxygen delivery and metabolic adaptation to oxygen deprivation. However, the degree and duration of HIF-1α expression in hypoxia must be carefully balanced within cells in order to avoid unwanted side effects associated with excessive activity. The expression of HIF-1α mRNA is suppressed in prolonged hypoxia, suggesting that the control of HIF1A gene transcription is tightly regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. Little is known about the resolution of the HIF-1α protein response and the suppression of HIF-1α mRNA in prolonged hypoxia. Here, we demonstrate that the Repressor Element 1-Silencing Transcription factor (REST) binds to the HIF-1α promoter in a hypoxia-dependent manner. Knockdown of REST using RNAi increases the expression of HIF-1α mRNA, protein and transcriptional activity. Furthermore REST knockdown increases glucose consumption and lactate production in a HIF-1α- (but not HIF-2α-) dependent manner. Finally, REST promotes the resolution of HIF-1α protein expression in prolonged hypoxia. In conclusion, we hypothesize that REST represses transcription of HIF-1α in prolonged hypoxia, thus contributing to the resolution of the HIF-1α response.
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65
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Tambuwala MM, Manresa MC, Cummins EP, Aversa V, Coulter IS, Taylor CT. Targeted delivery of the hydroxylase inhibitor DMOG provides enhanced efficacy with reduced systemic exposure in a murine model of colitis. J Control Release 2015; 217:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases are sensors of energy metabolism, oxygen availability, and iron homeostasis: potential role in the regulation of aging process. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3897-914. [PMID: 26118662 PMCID: PMC11114064 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the members of an ancient family of nonheme Fe(2+)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDO) are involved in the functions associated with the aging process. 2-Oxoglutarate and O2 are the obligatory substrates and Fe(2+) a cofactor in the activation of 2-OGDO enzymes, which can induce the hydroxylation of distinct proteins and the demethylation of DNA and histones. For instance, ten-eleven translocation 1-3 (TET1-3) are the demethylases of DNA, whereas Jumonji C domain-containing histone lysine demethylases (KDM2-7) are the major epigenetic regulators of chromatin landscape, known to be altered with aging. The functions of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3) as well as those of collagen hydroxylases are associated with age-related degeneration. Moreover, the ribosomal hydroxylase OGFOD1 controls mRNA translation, which is known to decline with aging. 2-OGDO enzymes are the sensors of energy metabolism, since the Krebs cycle intermediate 2-oxoglutarate is an activator whereas succinate and fumarate are the potent inhibitors of 2-OGDO enzymes. In addition, O2 availability and iron redox homeostasis control the activities of 2-OGDO enzymes in tissues. We will briefly elucidate the catalytic mechanisms of 2-OGDO enzymes and then review the potential functions of the above-mentioned 2-OGDO enzymes in the control of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland.
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Dexamethasone induces apoptosis in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Respir Res 2015; 16:114. [PMID: 26382031 PMCID: PMC4574531 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dexamethasone suppressed inflammation and haemodynamic changes in an animal model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A major target for dexamethasone actions is NF-κB, which is activated in pulmonary vascular cells and perivascular inflammatory cells in PAH. Reverse remodelling is an important concept in PAH disease therapy, and further to its anti-proliferative effects, we sought to explore whether dexamethasone augments pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) apoptosis. Methods Analysis of apoptosis markers (caspase 3, in-situ DNA fragmentation) and NF-κB (p65 and phospho-IKK-α/β) activation was performed on lung tissue from rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), before and after day 14–28 treatment with dexamethasone (5 mg/kg/day). PASMC were cultured from this rat PH model and from normal human lung following lung cancer surgery. Following stimulation with TNF-α (10 ng/ml), the effects of dexamethasone (10−8–10−6 M) and IKK2 (NF-κB) inhibition (AS602868, 0–3 μM (0-3×10−6 M) on IL-6 and CXCL8 release and apoptosis was determined by ELISA and by Hoechst staining. NF-κB activation was measured by TransAm assay. Results Dexamethasone treatment of rats with MCT-induced PH in vivo led to PASMC apoptosis as displayed by increased caspase 3 expression and DNA fragmentation. A similar effect was seen in vitro using TNF-α-simulated human and rat PASMC following both dexamethasone and IKK2 inhibition. Increased apoptosis was associated with a reduction in NF-κB activation and in IL-6 and CXCL8 release from PASMC. Conclusions Dexamethasone exerted reverse-remodelling effects by augmenting apoptosis and reversing inflammation in PASMC possibly via inhibition of NF-κB. Future PAH therapies may involve targeting these important inflammatory pathways.
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Dobson GP. Addressing the Global Burden of Trauma in Major Surgery. Front Surg 2015; 2:43. [PMID: 26389122 PMCID: PMC4558465 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a technically perfect procedure, surgical stress can determine the success or failure of an operation. Surgical trauma is often referred to as the "neglected step-child" of global health in terms of patient numbers, mortality, morbidity, and costs. A staggering 234 million major surgeries are performed every year, and depending upon country and institution, up to 4% of patients will die before leaving hospital, up to 15% will have serious post-operative morbidity, and 5-15% will be readmitted within 30 days. These percentages equate to around 1000 deaths and 4000 major complications every hour, and it has been estimated that 50% may be preventable. New frontline drugs are urgently required to make major surgery safer for the patient and more predictable for the surgeon. We review the basic physiology of the stress response from neuroendocrine to genomic systems, and discuss the paucity of clinical data supporting the use of statins, beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium-channel blockers. Since cardiac-related complications are the most common, particularly in the elderly, a key strategy would be to improve ventricular-arterial coupling to safeguard the endothelium and maintain tissue oxygenation. Reduced O2 supply is associated with glycocalyx shedding, decreased endothelial barrier function, fluid leakage, inflammation, and coagulopathy. A healthy endothelium may prevent these "secondary hit" complications, including possibly immunosuppression. Thus, the four pillars of whole body resynchronization during surgical trauma, and targets for new therapies, are: (1) the CNS, (2) the heart, (3) arterial supply and venous return functions, and (4) the endothelium. This is termed the Central-Cardio-Vascular-Endothelium (CCVE) coupling hypothesis. Since similar sterile injury cascades exist in critical illness, accidental trauma, hemorrhage, cardiac arrest, infection and burns, new drugs that improve CCVE coupling may find wide utility in civilian and military medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
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Olivetto E, Simoni E, Guaran V, Astolfi L, Martini A. Sensorineural hearing loss and ischemic injury: Development of animal models to assess vascular and oxidative effects. Hear Res 2015; 327:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rao G, Xie J, Hedrick A, Awasthi V. Hemorrhagic shock-induced cerebral bioenergetic imbalance is corrected by pharmacologic treatment with EF24 in a rat model. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:318-27. [PMID: 26232641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of cerebral viability and function is an important goal of critical care in victims of injury due to ischemia and hypovolemia. As part of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, the brain function after trauma is influenced by the systemic inflammatory response. We investigated the effect of EF24, an anti-inflammatory bis-chalcone, on cerebral bioenergetics in a rat model of 45% hemorrhagic shock. The rats were treated with EF24 (0.4 mg/kg) or EF24 with an artificial oxygen carrier liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH). The volume of LEH administered was equal to the shed blood. The brain was collected after 6 h of shock for biochemical assays. EF24 treatment showed significant recovery of ATP, phosphocreatine, and NAD/NADH ratio. It also increased citrate synthase activity and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV expression which were reduced in shock brain. Furthermore, it reduced the shock-induced accumulation of pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 expression, suggesting that EF24 treatment improves cerebral energetics by restoring perturbed pyruvate metabolism in the mitochondria. These effects of EF24 were associated with reduced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and a significant improvement in the levels of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in shock brain. Co-administration of LEH with EF24 was only marginally more effective as compared to the treatment with EF24 alone. These results show that EF24 treatment sets up a pro-survival phenotype in shock by resurrecting cerebral bioenergetics. Since EF24 was effective in the absence of accompanying fluid resuscitation, it has potential utility as a pre-hospital pharmacotherapy in shock due to accidental blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Andria Hedrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Vibhudutta Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA.
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Transcription regulates HIF-1α expression in CD4(+) T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:109-13. [PMID: 26150319 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mediates the metabolic adaptation of cells to hypoxia and T-helper cell fate. However, HIF-1α regulation in CD4(+) T cells (T cells) remains elusive. Here we observed that depletion of oxygen (O2⩽2%) alone was not sufficient to induce HIF-1α expression in T cells. However, when hypoxic T cells were stimulated, HIF-1α was expressed and this was dependent on nuclear factor-κB- and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT)-mediated transcriptional upregulation of Hif-1α mRNA. HIF-1α upregulation could be blocked by drugs inhibiting NF-κB, NFAT or mammalian target of rapamycin precluding CD4(+) T-cell stimulation or translation in T cells, as well as by blocking transcription. CD3, CD28, phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetat (PMA) or ionomycin-stimulated T cells did not express HIF-1α under normoxic conditions. In conclusion, regulation of HIF-1α expression in CD4(+) T cells in hypoxia gravely relies on its transcriptional upregulation and subsequent enhanced protein stabilization.
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Tojo K, Nagamine Y, Yazawa T, Mihara T, Baba Y, Ota S, Goto T, Kurahashi K. Atelectasis causes alveolar hypoxia-induced inflammation during uneven mechanical ventilation in rats. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMID: 26215820 PMCID: PMC4480346 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-015-0056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving mechanical ventilation show inhomogeneous lung aeration. Atelectasis during uneven mechanical ventilation leads to alveolar hypoxia and could therefore result in lung inflammation and injury. We aimed to elucidate whether and how atelectasis causes alveolar hypoxia-induced inflammation during uneven mechanical ventilation in an open-chest differential-ventilation rat model. METHODS We first investigated inflammatory and histological changes in the bilateral lungs of unilaterally ventilated rats, in which the right lung was atelectatic and the left lung was ventilated with high tidal volume (HTV). In the next series, we investigated the effects of normal tidal volume (NTV) ventilation of the right lungs with 60 % O2 or 100 % N2 during HTV ventilation of the left lungs. Then, proinflammatory cytokine secretions were quantified from murine lung epithelial (MLE15) and murine alveolar macrophage (MH-S) cells cultured under a hypoxic condition (5 % O2) mimicking atelectasis. Further, activities of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 were assessed in the nonventilated atelectatic lung and MLE15 cells cultured under the hypoxic condition. Finally, effects of NF-κB inhibition and HIF-1α knockdown on the cytokine secretions from MLE15 cells cultured under the hypoxic condition were assessed. RESULTS The nonventilated atelectatic lungs showed inflammatory responses and minimal histological changes comparable to those of the HTV-ventilated lungs. NTV ventilation with 60 % O2 attenuated the increase in chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-1 secretion and neutrophil accumulation observed in the atelectatic lungs, but that with 100 % N2 did not. MLE15 cells cultured with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α under the hypoxic condition showed increased CXCL-1 secretion. NF-κB and HIF-1α were activated in the nonventilated atelectatic lungs and MLE15 cells cultured under the hypoxic condition. NF-κB inhibition abolished the hypoxia-induced increase in CXCL-1 secretion from MLE15 cells, while HIF-1α knockdown augmented it. CONCLUSIONS Atelectasis causes alveolar hypoxia-induced inflammatory responses including NF-κB-dependent CXCL-1 secretion from lung epithelial cells. HIF-1 activation in lung epithelial cells is an anti-inflammatory response to alveolar hypoxia in atelectatic lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tojo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan,
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Chytilová A, Borchert GH, Mandíková-Alánová P, Hlaváčková M, Kopkan L, Khan MAH, Imig JD, Kolář F, Neckář J. Tumour necrosis factor-α contributes to improved cardiac ischaemic tolerance in rats adapted to chronic continuous hypoxia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:97-108. [PMID: 25760892 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM It has been demonstrated that tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) via its receptor 2 (TNFR2) plays a role in the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning. It is also well known that chronic hypoxia is associated with activation of inflammatory response. With this background, we hypothesized that TNF-α signalling may contribute to the improved ischaemic tolerance of chronically hypoxic hearts. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were kept either at room air (normoxic controls) or at continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH; inspired O2 fraction 0.1) for 3 weeks; subgroups of animals were treated with infliximab (monoclonal antibody against TNF-α; 5 mg kg(-1), i.p., once a week). Myocardial levels of oxidative stress markers and the expression of selected signalling molecules were analysed. Infarct size (tetrazolium staining) was assessed in open-chest rats subjected to acute coronary artery occlusion/reperfusion. RESULTS CNH increased myocardial TNF-α level and expression of TNFR2; this response was abolished by infliximab treatment. CNH reduced myocardial infarct size from 50.8 ± 4.3% of the area at risk in normoxic animals to 35.5 ± 2.4%. Infliximab abolished the protective effect of CNH (44.9 ± 2.0%). CNH increased the levels of oxidative stress markers (3-nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde), the expression of nuclear factor κB and manganese superoxide dismutase, while these effects were absent in infliximab-treated animals. CNH-elevated levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 were not affected by infliximab. CONCLUSION TNF-α plays a role in the induction of ischaemia-resistant cardiac phenotype of CNH rats, possibly via the activation of protective redox signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chytilová
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - G. H. Borchert
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Mandíková-Alánová
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Hlaváčková
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Prague Czech Republic
| | - L. Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Md. A. Hye Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - J. D. Imig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - F. Kolář
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - J. Neckář
- Institute of Physiology; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
- Center for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
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MCP-1-induced protein attenuates post-infarct cardiac remodeling and dysfunction through mitigating NF-κB activation and suppressing inflammation-associated microRNA expression. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:26. [PMID: 25840774 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MCP-1-induced protein (MCPIP, also known as ZC3H12A) has recently been uncovered to act as a negative regulator of inflammation. Expression of MCPIP was elevated in the ventricular myocardium of patients with ischemic heart failure. However, the role of MCPIP in the development of post-infarct cardiac inflammation and remodeling is unknown. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether MCPIP exerts an inhibitory effect on the cardiac inflammatory response and adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Mice with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of MCPIP and their wild-type littermates (FVB/N) were subjected to permanent ligation of left coronary artery. The levels of MCPIP were significantly increased in the ischemic myocardium and sustained for 4 weeks after MI. Acute infarct size was comparable between groups. However, constitutive overexpression of MCPIP in the murine heart resulted in improved survival rate, decreased cardiac hypertrophy, less of fibrosis and scar formation, and better cardiac performance at 28 days after MI, along with a markedly reduced monocytic cell infiltration, less cytokine expression, decreased caspase-3/7 activities and apoptotic cell death compared to the wild-type hearts. Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of MCPIP also attenuated activation of cardiac NF-κB signaling and expression of inflammation-associated microRNAs (miR-126, -146a, -155, and -199a) when compared with the post-infarct wild-type hearts. In vitro, MCPIP expression suppressed hypoxia-induced NF-κB-luciferase activity in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, MCPIP expression in the ischemic myocardium protects against adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction following MI by modulation of local myocardial inflammation, possibly through mitigating NF-κB signaling and suppressing inflammation-associated microRNA expression.
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75
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Chang CZ, Wu SC, Lin CL, Kwan AL. Curcumin, encapsulated in nano-sized PLGA, down-regulates nuclear factor κB (p65) and subarachnoid hemorrhage induced early brain injury in a rat model. Brain Res 2015; 1608:215-24. [PMID: 25747863 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More and more evidence revealed early brain injury (EBI) may determine the final outcome in aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of nano-particle curcumin (nanocurcumin), a diarylheptanoid, on a SAH-induced EBI model. METHODS A rodent double hemorrhage model was employed. Nanocurcumin (75/150/300μg/kg/day) was administered via osmotic mini-pump post-SAH. CSF samples were collected to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α (rt-PCR). Cerebral cortex was harvested for NF-κB (p50/p65) (western blot), caspases (rt-PCR) measurement. RESULTS Nanocurcumin significantly reduced the bio-expression of NF-κB (p65), when compared with the SAH groups. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in animals subjected to SAH, compared with the healthy controls, but absent in the high dose nanocurcumin+SAH group. Moreover, the levels of TNF-α in the SAH groups were significantly elevated. Treatment with nanocurcumin (300μg/kg) reduced the level to the healthy control. The cleaved caspase-3 and -9a was significantly reduced in 300μg/kg nanocurcumin treatment groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Treatment with nanocurcumin exerts its neuroprotective effect through the upward regulation of NF-κB (p65) and also reduced mitochondrion related caspase-9a expression. Besides, nanocurcumin decreased CSF levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, which may contribute to the extrinsic antiapoptotic effect. This study shows promise to support curcuminin, in a nano-particle, could attenuate SAH induced EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Zen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chuan Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Nguyen LK, Cavadas MAS, Kholodenko BN, Frank TD, Cheong A. Species differential regulation of COX2 can be described by an NFκB-dependent logic AND gate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2431-43. [PMID: 25697863 PMCID: PMC4439527 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), a key regulatory enzyme of the prostaglandin/eicosanoid pathway, is an important target for anti-inflammatory therapy. It is highly induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in a Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-dependent manner. However, the mechanisms determining the amplitude and dynamics of this important pro-inflammatory event are poorly understood. Furthermore, there is significant difference between human and mouse COX2 expression in response to the inflammatory stimulus tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Here, we report the presence of a molecular logic AND gate composed of two NFκB response elements (NREs) which controls the expression of human COX2 in a switch-like manner. Combining quantitative kinetic modeling and thermostatistical analysis followed by experimental validation in iterative cycles, we show that the human COX2 expression machinery regulated by NFκB displays features of a logic AND gate. We propose that this provides a digital, noise-filtering mechanism for a tighter control of expression in response to TNFα, such that a threshold level of NFκB activation is required before the promoter becomes active and initiates transcription. This NFκB-regulated AND gate is absent in the mouse COX2 promoter, most likely contributing to its differential graded response in promoter activity and protein expression to TNFα. Our data suggest that the NFκB-regulated AND gate acts as a novel mechanism for controlling the expression of human COX2 to TNFα, and its absence in the mouse COX2 provides the foundation for further studies on understanding species-specific differential gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan K Nguyen
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Yamaguchi J, Tanaka T, Eto N, Nangaku M. Inflammation and hypoxia linked to renal injury by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ. Kidney Int 2015; 88:262-75. [PMID: 25692954 PMCID: PMC4526770 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial hypoxia plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of kidney injury, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 is a master regulator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Aside from oxygen molecules, factors that modify HIF-1 expression and functional operation remain obscure. Therefore, we sought to identify novel HIF-1-regulating genes in kidney. A short-hairpin RNA library consisting of 150 hypoxia-inducible genes was derived from a microarray analysis of the rat renal artery stenosis model screened for the effect on HIF-1 response. We report that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (CEBPD), a transcription factor and inflammatory response gene, is a novel HIF-1 regulator in kidney. CEBPD was induced in the nuclei of tubular epithelial cells in both acute and chronic hypoxic kidneys. In turn, CEBPD induction augmented HIF-1α expression and its transcriptional activity. Mechanistically, CEBPD directly bound to the HIF-1α promoter and enhanced its transcription. Notably, CEBPD was rapidly induced by inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β in a nuclear factor-κB-dependent manner, which not only increased HIF-1α expression during hypoxia, but was also indispensable for the non-hypoxic induction of HIF-1α. Thus our study provides novel insight into HIF-1 regulation in tubular epithelial cells and offers a potential hypoxia and inflammation link relevant in both acute and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Yamaguchi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Palazon A, Goldrath AW, Nizet V, Johnson RS. HIF transcription factors, inflammation, and immunity. Immunity 2015; 41:518-28. [PMID: 25367569 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxic response in cells and tissues is mediated by the family of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors; these play an integral role in the metabolic changes that drive cellular adaptation to low oxygen availability. HIF expression and stabilization in immune cells can be triggered by hypoxia, but also by other factors associated with pathological stress: e.g., inflammation, infectious microorganisms, and cancer. HIF induces a number of aspects of host immune function, from boosting phagocyte microbicidal capacity to driving T cell differentiation and cytotoxic activity. Cellular metabolism is emerging as a key regulator of immunity, and it constitutes another layer of fine-tuned immune control by HIF that can dictate myeloid cell and lymphocyte development, fate, and function. Here we discuss how oxygen sensing in the immune microenvironment shapes immunological response and examine how HIF and the hypoxia pathway control innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asis Palazon
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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79
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Abstract
Iron and oxygen metabolism are intimately linked with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Simpson
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences
- School of Medicine
- Kings College London
- , UK
| | - Andrew T. McKie
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences
- School of Medicine
- Kings College London
- , UK
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80
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Li CH, Chen WC, Liao WC, Tu CY, Lin CL, Sung FC, Chen CH, Hsu WH. The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Parkinson's disease: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. QJM 2015; 108:39-45. [PMID: 25024356 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tend to have a higher risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder. The goal of this study was to examine what relationship, if any, exists between COPD and Parkinson's disease (PD), which is also a neurodegenerative disorder. METHOD Our study analyzed medical data from the population of Taiwan from 1998 to 2008, with a follow-up period extending to the end of 2010. We identified patients with COPD by the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We selected a comparison cohort from the general population that was random frequency-matched by age (in 5-year increments), sex and index year, and further analyzed the risk of PD using Cox's regression model, including sex, age and comorbidities. RESULTS The study enrolled 20 728 COPD patients (71.1% male, mean age = 68.2 years) and 41 147 controls. The risk of developing PD was 1.37 times greater in patients with COPD compared with patients without COPD after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities. A significantly increased risk of PD was also found in patients with COPD who had any comorbidity other than diabetes. CONCLUSION This nationwide retrospective cohort study demonstrates that PD risk is significantly increased in patients with COPD compared with those of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Li
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-C Chen
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W-C Liao
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Tu
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-L Lin
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - F-C Sung
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-H Chen
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - W-H Hsu
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Department of Public Health and Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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81
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Stolz D, Boersma W, Blasi F, Louis R, Milenkovic B, Kostikas K, Aerts JG, Rohde G, Lacoma A, Rakic J, Boeck L, Castellotti P, Scherr A, Marin A, Hertel S, Giersdorf S, Torres A, Welte T, Tamm M. Exertional hypoxemia in stable COPD is common and predicted by circulating proadrenomedullin. Chest 2014; 146:328-338. [PMID: 24722847 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of exertional hypoxemia in unselected patients with COPD is unknown. Intermittent hypoxia leads to adrenomedullin (ADM) upregulation through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 pathway. We aimed to assess the prevalence and the annual probability to develop exertional hypoxemia in stable COPD. We also hypothesized that increased ADM might be associated with exertional hypoxemia and envisioned that adding ADM to clinical variables might improve its prediction in COPD. METHODS A total of 1,233 6-min walk tests and circulating proadrenomedullin (proADM) levels from 574 patients with clinically stable, moderate to very severe COPD enrolled in a multinational cohort study and followed up for 2 years were concomitantly analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of exertional hypoxemia was 29.1%. In a matrix derived from a fitted-multistate model, the annual probability to develop exertional hypoxemia was 21.6%. Exertional hypoxemia was associated with greater deterioration of specific domains of health-related quality of life, higher severe exacerbation, and death annual rates. In the logistic linear and conditional Cox regression multivariable analyses, both FEV1% predicted and proADM proved independent predictors of exertional hypoxemia (P < .001 for both). Adjustment for comorbidities, including cardiovascular disorders, and exacerbation rate did not influence results. Relative to using FEV1% predicted alone, adding proADM resulted in a significant improvement of the predictive properties (P = .018). Based on the suggested nonlinear nomogram, patients with moderate COPD (FEV1% predicted = 50%) but high proADM levels (> 2 nmol/L) presented increased risk (> 30%) for exertional desaturation. CONCLUSIONS Exertional desaturation is common and associated with poorer clinical outcomes in COPD. ADM improves prediction of exertional desaturation as compared with the use of FEV1% predicted alone. TRIAL REGISTRY ISRCTN Register; No.: ISRCTN99586989; URL: www.controlled-trials.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Stolz
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wim Boersma
- Department of Pneumology, Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Pneumology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Branislava Milenkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Joachim G Aerts
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam and Amphia Hospital Breda, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trais i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Janko Rakic
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Boeck
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paola Castellotti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Cà Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas Scherr
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Marin
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trais i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sabine Hertel
- Clinical Diagnostics Division, Thermo Scientific Biomarkers, BRAHMS GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - Sven Giersdorf
- Clinical Diagnostics Division, Thermo Scientific Biomarkers, BRAHMS GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - Antoni Torres
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pneumology, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Tamm
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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82
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Lei Q, Qiang F, Chao D, Di W, Guoqian Z, Bo Y, Lina Y. Amelioration of hypoxia and LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by emodin through the suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1629-39. [PMID: 25318952 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction occurs in critical illnesses and involves the inflammatory and hypoxic injury of intestinal epithelial cells. Researchers are still defining the underlying mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic strategies for restoring intestinal barrier function. The anti-inflammatory drug, emodin, has been shown to exert a protective effect on intestinal barrier function; however, its mechanisms of action remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of emodin on intestinal barrier function and the underlying mechanisms in intestinal epithelial cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). To induce barrier dysfunction, Caco-2 monolayers were subjected to HR with or without LPS treatment. Transepithelial electrical resistance and paracellular permeability were measured to evaluate barrier function. The expression of the tight junction (TJ) proteins, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occludin, and claudin-1, as well as that of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, phosphor-IκB-α, phosphor-nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was determined by western blot analysis. The results revealed that emodin markedly attenuated the decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and the increase in paracellular permeability in the Caco-2 monolayers treated with LPS and subjected to HR. Emodin also markedly alleviated the damage caused by LPS and HR (manifested by a decrease in the expression of the TJ protein, ZO-1), and inhibited the expression of HIF-1α, IκB-α, NF-κB and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our data suggest that emodin attenuates LPS- and HR-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by inhibiting the HIF-1α and NF-κB signaling pathways and preventing the damage caused to the TJ barrier (shown by the decrease in the expression of ZO-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lei
- Department of ICU, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fu Qiang
- Department of ICU, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Du Chao
- Department of ICU, Tianjin Medical University, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wu Di
- Department of ICU, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Guoqian
- Clinical Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Bo
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lina
- Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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83
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Manresa MC, Godson C, Taylor CT. Hypoxia-sensitive pathways in inflammation-driven fibrosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1369-80. [PMID: 25298511 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00349.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury can occur for a variety of reasons, including physical damage, infection, and ischemia. The ability of tissues to effectively recover from injury is a cornerstone of human health. The healing response in tissues is conserved across organs and typically involves distinct but overlapping inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation/resolution phases. If the inflammatory phase is not successfully controlled and appropriately resolved, an excessive healing response characterized by scar formation can lead to tissue fibrosis, a major clinical complication in disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD). As a result of enhanced metabolic and inflammatory processes during chronic inflammation, profound changes in tissue oxygen levels occur leading to localized tissue hypoxia. Therefore, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypoxia are coincidental events during inflammation-driven fibrosis. Our current understanding of the mechanism(s) underpinning fibrosis is limited as are the therapeutic options available. In this review, we discuss what is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning inflammation-driven fibrosis and how hypoxia may play a role in shaping this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C Manresa
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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84
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Shepardson KM, Jhingran A, Caffrey A, Obar JJ, Suratt BT, Berwin BL, Hohl TM, Cramer RA. Myeloid derived hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha is required for protection against pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004378. [PMID: 25255025 PMCID: PMC4177996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is the mammalian transcriptional factor that controls metabolism, survival, and innate immunity in response to inflammation and low oxygen. Previous work established that generation of hypoxic microenvironments occurs within the lung during infection with the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Here we demonstrate that A. fumigatus stabilizes HIF1α protein early after pulmonary challenge that is inhibited by treatment of mice with the steroid triamcinolone. Utilizing myeloid deficient HIF1α mice, we observed that HIF1α is required for survival and fungal clearance early following pulmonary challenge with A. fumigatus. Unlike previously reported research with bacterial pathogens, HIF1α deficient neutrophils and macrophages were surprisingly not defective in fungal conidial killing. The increase in susceptibility of the myeloid deficient HIF1α mice to A. fumigatus was in part due to decreased early production of the chemokine CXCL1 (KC) and increased neutrophil apoptosis at the site of infection, resulting in decreased neutrophil numbers in the lung. Addition of recombinant CXCL1 restored neutrophil survival and numbers, murine survival, and fungal clearance. These results suggest that there are unique HIF1α mediated mechanisms employed by the host for protection and defense against fungal pathogen growth and invasion in the lung. Additionally, this work supports the strategy of exploring HIF1α as a therapeutic target in specific immunosuppressed populations with fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Shepardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Anupam Jhingran
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alayna Caffrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Obar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Suratt
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Brent L. Berwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Tobias M. Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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85
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Chang YW, Chen MW, Chiu CF, Hong CC, Cheng CC, Hsiao M, Chen CA, Wei LH, Su JL. Arsenic trioxide inhibits CXCR4-mediated metastasis by interfering miR-520h/PP2A/NF-κB signaling in cervical cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S687-95. [PMID: 25047463 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic apparently affects numerous intracellular signal transduction pathways and causes many alterations leading to apoptosis and differentiation in malignant cells. We and others have demonstrated that arsenic inhibits the metastatic capacity of cancer cells. Here we present additional mechanistic studies to elucidate the potential of arsenic as a promising therapeutic inhibitor of metastasis. METHODS The effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on human cervical cancer cell lines migration and invasion were observed by transwell assays. In experimental metastasis assays, cancer cells were injected into tail veins of severe combined immunodeficient mice for modeling metastasis. The mechanisms involved in ATO regulation of CXCR4 were analyzed by immunoblot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase reporter assays. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to identify PP2A/C and CXCR4 protein expressions in human cervical cancer tissues. RESULTS ATO inhibited CXCR4-mediated cervical cancer cell invasion in vitro and distant metastasis in vivo. We determined that ATO modulates the pivotal nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/CXCR4 signaling pathway that contributes to cancer metastasis. Substantiating our findings, we demonstrated that ATO activates PP2A/C activity by downregulating miR-520h, which results in IKK inactivation, IκB-dephosphorylation, NF-κB inactivation, and, subsequently, a reduction in CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, PP2A/C was reduced during cervical carcinogenesis, and the loss of PP2A/C expression was closely associated with the nodal status of cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a functional link between ATO-mediated PP2A/C regulation, CXCR4 expression, and tumor-suppressing ability. This information will be critical in realizing the potential for synergy between ATO and other anti-cancer agents, thus providing enhanced benefit in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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86
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Stolz D, Meyer A, Rakic J, Boeck L, Scherr A, Tamm M. Mortality risk prediction in COPD by a prognostic biomarker panel. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1557-70. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00043814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease with various phenotypes. The simultaneous determination of multiple biomarkers reflecting different pathobiological pathways could be useful in identifying individuals with an increased risk of death.We derived and validated a combination of three biomarkers (adrenomedullin, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide), assessed in plasma samples of 385 patients, to estimate mortality risk in stable COPD. Biomarkers were analysed in combination and defined as high or low.In the derivation cohort (n = 142), there were 73 deaths during the 5-year follow-up. Crude hazard ratios for mortality were 3.0 (95% CI 1.8–5.1) for one high biomarker, 4.8 (95% CI 2.4–9.5) for two biomarkers and 9.6 (95% CI 3.3–28.3) for three high biomarkers compared with no elevated biomarkers. In the validation cohort (n = 243), 87 individuals died. Corresponding hazard ratios were 1.9 (95% CI 1.1–3.3), 3.1 (95% CI 1.8–5.4) and 5.4 (95% CI 2.5–11.4). Multivariable adjustment for clinical variables as well as the BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity) index and stratification by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages provided consistent results. The addition of the panel of three biomarkers to the BODE index generated a net reclassification improvement of 57.9% (95% CI 21.7–92.4%) and 45.9% (95% CI 13.9–75.7%) at 3 and 5 years, respectively.Simultaneously elevated levels of adrenomedullin, arginine vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide are associated with increased risk of death in patients with stable COPD.
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87
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Xue X, Ramakrishnan SK, Shah YM. Activation of HIF-1α does not increase intestinal tumorigenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G187-95. [PMID: 24875099 PMCID: PMC4101679 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic response is mediated by two transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α. These highly homologous transcription factors are induced in hypoxic foci and regulate cell metabolism, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell survival. HIF-1α and HIF-2α are activated early in cancer progression and are important in several aspects of tumor biology. HIF-1α and HIF-2α have overlapping and distinct functions. In the intestine, activation of HIF-2α increases inflammation and colon carcinogenesis in mouse models. Interestingly, in ischemic and inflammatory diseases of the intestine, activation of HIF-1α is beneficial and can reduce intestinal inflammation. HIF-1α is a critical transcription factor regulating epithelial barrier function following inflammation. The beneficial value of pharmacological agents that chronically activate HIF-1α is decreased due to the tumorigenic potential of HIFs. The present study tested the hypothesis that chronic activation of HIF-1α may enhance colon tumorigenesis. Two models of colon cancer were assessed, a sporadic and a colitis-associated colon cancer model. Activation of HIF-1α in intestinal epithelial cells does not increase carcinogenesis or progression of colon cancer. Together, the data provide proof of principle that pharmacological activation of HIF-1α could be a safe therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xue
- Departments of 1Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | | | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Departments of 1Molecular and Integrative Physiology and ,2Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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88
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Ravenna L, Principessa L, Verdina A, Salvatori L, Russo MA, Petrangeli E. Distinct phenotypes of human prostate cancer cells associate with different adaptation to hypoxia and pro-inflammatory gene expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96250. [PMID: 24801981 PMCID: PMC4011733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation are strictly interconnected both concurring to prostate cancer progression. Numerous reports highlight the role of tumor cells in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules and show that hypoxia can modulate a number of these genes contributing substantially to the increase of cancer aggressiveness. However, little is known about the importance of the tumor phenotype in this process. The present study explores how different features, including differentiation and aggressiveness, of prostate tumor cell lines impact on the hypoxic remodeling of pro-inflammatory gene expression and malignancy. We performed our studies on three cell lines with increasing metastatic potential: the well differentiated androgen-dependent LNCaP and the less differentiated and androgen-independent DU145 and PC3. We analyzed the effect that hypoxic treatment has on modulating pro-inflammatory gene expression and evaluated the role HIF isoforms and NF-kB play in sustaining this process. DU145 and PC3 cells evidenced a higher normoxic expression and a more complete hypoxic induction of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to the well differentiated LNCaP cell line. The role of HIF1α and NF-kB, the master regulators of hypoxia and inflammation respectively, in sustaining the hypoxic pro-inflammatory phenotype was different according to cell type. NF-kB was observed to play a main role in DU145 and PC3 cells in which treatment with the NF-kB inhibitor parthenolide was able to counteract both the hypoxic pro-inflammatory shift and HIF1α activation but not in LNCaP cells. Our data highlight that tumor prostate cell phenotype contributes at a different degree and with different mechanisms to the hypoxic pro-inflammatory gene expression related to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ravenna
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Department for the Development of Therapeutic Programs, CRS, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorenzo Principessa
- Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Verdina
- Department for the Development of Therapeutic Programs, CRS, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Salvatori
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Department for the Development of Therapeutic Programs, CRS, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrangeli
- CNR, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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89
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Fábián Z, Ramadurai S, Shaw G, Nasheuer HP, Kolch W, Taylor C, Barry F. Basic fibroblast growth factor modifies the hypoxic response of human bone marrow stromal cells by ERK-mediated enhancement of HIF-1α activity. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:646-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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90
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Xie X, Xiao H, Ding F, Zhong H, Zhu J, Ma N, Mei J. Over-expression of prolyl hydroxylase-1 blocks NF-κB-mediated cyclin D1 expression and proliferation in lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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91
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Bruzzese L, Fromonot J, By Y, Durand-Gorde JM, Condo J, Kipson N, Guieu R, Fenouillet E, Ruf J. NF-κB enhances hypoxia-driven T-cell immunosuppression via upregulation of adenosine A(2A) receptors. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1060-7. [PMID: 24486403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia affects inflammation by modulating T-cell activation via the adenosinergic system. We supposed that, in turn, inflammation influences cell hypoxic behavior and that stimulation of T-cells in inflammatory conditions involves the concerted action of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the related hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) on the adenosinergic system. We addressed this hypothesis by monitoring both transcription factors and four adenosinergic signaling parameters - namely adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and cAMP - in T-cells stimulated using phorbol myristate acetate and phytohemagglutinin and submitted to hypoxic conditions which were mimicked using CoCl2 treatment. We found that cell viability was more altered in stimulated than in resting cells under hypoxia. Detailed analysis showed that: i) NF-κB activation remained at basal level in resting hypoxic cells but greatly increased following stimulation, stimulated hypoxic cells exhibiting the higher level; ii) HIF-1α production induced by hypoxia was boosted via NF-κB activation in stimulated cells whereas hypoxia increased HIF-1α production in resting cells without further activating NF-κB; iii) A2AR expression and cAMP production increased in stimulated hypoxic cells whereas adenosine level remained unchanged due to ADA regulation; and iv) the presence of H2S, an endogenous signaling molecule in inflammation, reversed the effect of stimulation on cell viability by down-regulating the activity of transcription factors and adenosinergic immunosuppression. We also found that: i) the specific A2AR agonist CGS-21680 increased the suppressive effect of hypoxia on stimulated T-cells, the antagonist ZM-241385 exhibiting the opposite effect; and ii) Rolipram, a selective inhibitor of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4, and 8-Br-cAMP, a cAMP analog which preferentially activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), increased T-cell immunosuppression whereas H-89, a potent and selective inhibitor of cAMP-dependent PKA, restored cell viability. Together, these data indicate that inflammation enhances T-cell sensitivity to hypoxia via NF-κB activation. This process upregulates A2AR expression and enhances cAMP production and PKA activation, resulting in adenosinergic T-cell immunosuppression that can be modulated via H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Bruzzese
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Fromonot
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Youlet By
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Josée-Martine Durand-Gorde
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Jocelyne Condo
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Kipson
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Guieu
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Fenouillet
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Biologiques, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France.
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92
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Dehne N, Brüne B. Sensors, transmitters, and targets in mitochondrial oxygen shortage-a hypoxia-inducible factor relay story. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:339-52. [PMID: 22794181 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cells sense and respond to a shortage of oxygen by activating the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 and evoking adaptive responses. RECENT ADVANCES Mitochondria are at the center of a hypoxia sensing and responding relay system. CRITICAL ISSUES Under normoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are HIF activators. As their individual flux rates determine their diffusion-controlled interaction, predictions how these radicals affect HIF appear context-dependent. Considering that the oxygen requirement for NO formation limits its role in activating HIF to conditions of ambient oxygen tension. Given the central role of mitochondrial complex IV as a NO target, especially under hypoxia, allows inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by NO to spare oxygen thus, raising the threshold for HIF activation. HIF targets seem to configure a feedback-signaling circuit aimed at gradually adjusting mitochondrial function. In hypoxic cancer cells, mitochondria redirect Krebs cycle intermediates to preserve their biosynthetic ability. Persistent HIF activation lowers the entry of electron-delivering compounds into mitochondria to reduce Krebs cycle fueling and β-oxidation, attenuates the expression of electron transport chain components, limits mitochondria biosynthesis, and provokes their removal by autophagy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mitochondria can be placed central in a hypoxia sensing-hypoxia responding circuit. We need to determine to which extent and how mitochondria contribute to sense hypoxia, explore whether modulating their oxygen-consuming capacity redirects hypoxic responses in in vivo relevant disease conditions, and elucidate how the multiple HIF targets in mitochondria shape conditions of acute versus chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Dehne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I/ZAFES, Goethe-University Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
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93
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Schneckenpointner R, Jörres RA, Meidenbauer N, Kollert F, Pfeifer M, Budweiser S. The clinical significance of anaemia and disturbed iron homeostasis in chronic respiratory failure. Int J Clin Pract 2014; 68:130-8. [PMID: 24341307 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is a frequent, clinically relevant condition in various chronic diseases. It seems also to be prevalent in patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF). We studied the characteristics of anaemia in CRF and its associations with clinical outcome. METHODS In a prospective design, 271 consecutive patients with CRF were evaluated; patients with other conditions often associated with anaemia were excluded. Haematological laboratory and physiological parameters, health-related quality of life (HRQL), dyspnoea and 48-month survival were determined. Anaemia was defined according to WHO [haemoglobin (Hb)< 13 g/l (male); Hb< 12 g/dl (female)] and using an established algorithm. RESULTS Among 185 patients included, 18.4% showed anaemia, not depending on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) vs. non-COPD (17.6% vs. 19.0%; p = 0.851) or on gender [16.5% (female) vs. 19.8% (male); p = 0.702]. Anaemic patients had higher age, creatinine (p < 0.05 each) and erythropoietin levels (p < 0.001), but lower transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum iron and vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.01 each). By definition, most anaemic patients (67.6%) had disturbances in iron homeostasis according to 'anaemia of chronic disease' and/or true iron deficiency anaemia. Hb was independently related to dyspnoea and HRQL, while TSAT ≥ 20% was linked to less dyspnoea and better subjective exercise capability. Non-survivors had lower Hb and serum iron levels (p < 0.05 each). In multivariate analysis, lower serum iron levels and TSAT were independently associated with mortality (p < 0.05 each). CONCLUSION Anaemia was common in patients with CRF and often because of disturbed iron homeostasis. Hb and TSAT were linked to functional outcome and HRQL. Lower serum iron levels and TSAT were independent prognostic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schneckenpointner
- Centre for Pneumology, Donaustauf Hospital, Ludwigstrasse 68, Donaustauf, Germany
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94
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Regulation of IL-1β-induced NF-κB by hydroxylases links key hypoxic and inflammatory signaling pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:18490-5. [PMID: 24145445 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309718110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prominent feature of chronically inflamed tissues. Oxygen-sensing hydroxylases control transcriptional adaptation to hypoxia through the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), both of which can regulate the inflammatory response. Furthermore, pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibitors reduce inflammation in multiple animal models. However, the underlying mechanism(s) linking hydroxylase activity to inflammatory signaling remains unclear. IL-1β, a major proinflammatory cytokine that regulates NF-κB, is associated with multiple inflammatory pathologies. We demonstrate that a combination of prolyl hydroxylase 1 and factor inhibiting HIF hydroxylase isoforms regulates IL-1β-induced NF-κB at the level of (or downstream of) the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 complex. Multiple proteins of the distal IL-1β-signaling pathway are subject to hydroxylation and form complexes with either prolyl hydroxylase 1 or factor inhibiting HIF. Thus, we hypothesize that hydroxylases regulate IL-1β signaling and subsequent inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, hydroxylase inhibition represents a unique approach to the inhibition of IL-1β-dependent inflammatory signaling.
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95
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Price LC, Caramori G, Perros F, Meng C, Gambaryan N, Dorfmuller P, Montani D, Casolari P, Zhu J, Dimopoulos K, Shao D, Girerd B, Mumby S, Proudfoot A, Griffiths M, Papi A, Humbert M, Adcock IM, Wort SJ. Nuclear factor κ-B is activated in the pulmonary vessels of patients with end-stage idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75415. [PMID: 24124488 PMCID: PMC3790752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess activation of the inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappa B (NF-κB) in human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). BACKGROUND Idiopathic PAH is a severe progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and excessive proliferation of vascular cells. Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation is important in disease pathophysiology. METHODS NF-κB-p65 and CD68, CD20 and CD45 were measured by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy on lung specimens from patients with idiopathic PAH (n = 12) and controls undergoing lung surgery (n = 14). Clinical data were recorded for all patients including invasive pulmonary hemodynamics for the PAH patients. Immunohistochemical images were analyzed by blinded observers to include standard pulmonary vascular morphometry; absolute macrophage counts/mm(2) and p65-positivity (p65+) using composite images and image-analysis software; and cytoplasmic:nuclear p65+ of individual pulmonary arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells (PASMC) in 10-20 pulmonary arteries or arterioles per subject. The expression of ET-1 and CCL5 (RANTES) in whole lung was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Macrophage numbers were increased in idiopathic PAH versus controls (49.0±4.5 vs. 7.95±1.9 macrophages/100 mm(2), p<0.0001): these macrophages demonstrated more nuclear p65+ than in macrophages from controls (16.9±2.49 vs. 3.5±1.25%, p<0.001). An increase in p65+ was also seen in perivascular lymphocytes in patients with PAH. Furthermore, NF-κB activation was increased in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (62.3±2.9 vs. 14.4±3.8, p<0.0001) and PASMC (22.6±2.3 vs. 11.2±2.0, p<0.001) in patients with PAH versus controls, with similar findings in arterioles. Gene expression of both ET-1 mRNA ((0.213±0.069 vs. 1.06±0.23, p<0.01) and CCL5 (RANTES) (0.16±0.045 vs. 0.26±0.039, p<0.05) was increased in whole lung homogenates from patients with PAH. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB is activated in pulmonary macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial and PASMC in patients with end-stage idiopathic PAH. Future research should determine whether NF-κB activation is a driver or bystander of pulmonary vascular inflammation and if the former, its potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Price
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Frederic Perros
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Chao Meng
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Gambaryan
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Dorfmuller
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Pathology Department, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jie Zhu
- Lung Pathology, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dongmin Shao
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Proudfoot
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Griffiths
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Papi
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. John Wort
- Unit of Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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96
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Brüne B, Dehne N, Grossmann N, Jung M, Namgaladze D, Schmid T, von Knethen A, Weigert A. Redox control of inflammation in macrophages. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:595-637. [PMID: 23311665 PMCID: PMC3718318 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are present throughout the human body, constitute important immune effector cells, and have variable roles in a great number of pathological, but also physiological, settings. It is apparent that macrophages need to adjust their activation profile toward a steadily changing environment that requires altering their phenotype, a process known as macrophage polarization. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), derived from NADPH-oxidases, mitochondria, or NO-producing enzymes, are not necessarily toxic, but rather compose a network signaling system, known as redox regulation. Formation of redox signals in classically versus alternatively activated macrophages, their action and interaction at the level of key targets, and the resulting physiology still are insufficiently understood. We review the identity, source, and biological activities of ROS produced during macrophage activation, and discuss how they shape the key transcriptional responses evoked by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, nuclear-erythroid 2-p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. We summarize the mechanisms how redox signals add to the process of macrophage polarization and reprogramming, how this is controlled by the interaction of macrophages with their environment, and addresses the outcome of the polarization process in health and disease. Future studies need to tackle the option whether we can use the knowledge of redox biology in macrophages to shape their mediator profile in pathophysiology, to accelerate healing in injured tissue, to fight the invading pathogens, or to eliminate settings of altered self in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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97
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Gulbas G, Kaplan Y, Kamisli O, Ermis H, Kamisli S, Ozcan C. Neuromuscular transmission in hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 189:112-6. [PMID: 23886635 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have focused on the systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but none has examined neuromuscular junction transmission (NMT). We evaluated NMT dysfunction using single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in patients with COPD. Twenty patients with COPD and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. All patients and controls underwent SFEMG. Abnormal NMT was found in seven of 20 patients (35%), but in none of the control subjects. The COPD patients were subgrouped according to the presence of hypoxemia. The patients with normoxemia were classified as Group 1, and the patients with hypoxemia were classified as Group 2. Abnormal NMT was found in six patients in Group 2 and in one in Group 1. While there was significant difference in terms of abnormal NMT between Group 2 and the controls, there was none between Group 1 and the controls. Our results show that NMT abnormalities can be present in hypoxemic patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Gulbas
- Inonu University, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turkey.
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98
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Cavadas MA, Nguyen LK, Cheong A. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) network: insights from mathematical models. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:42. [PMID: 23758895 PMCID: PMC3686674 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is a crucial molecule for cellular function. When oxygen demand exceeds supply, the oxygen sensing pathway centred on the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is switched on and promotes adaptation to hypoxia by up-regulating genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis and glycolysis. The regulation of HIF is tightly modulated through intricate regulatory mechanisms. Notably, its protein stability is controlled by the oxygen sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes and its transcriptional activity is controlled by the asparaginyl hydroxylase FIH (factor inhibiting HIF-1).To probe the complexity of hypoxia-induced HIF signalling, efforts in mathematical modelling of the pathway have been underway for around a decade. In this paper, we review the existing mathematical models developed to describe and explain specific behaviours of the HIF pathway and how they have contributed new insights into our understanding of the network. Topics for modelling included the switch-like response to decreased oxygen gradient, the role of micro environmental factors, the regulation by FIH and the temporal dynamics of the HIF response. We will also discuss the technical aspects, extent and limitations of these models. Recently, HIF pathway has been implicated in other disease contexts such as hypoxic inflammation and cancer through crosstalking with pathways like NFκB and mTOR. We will examine how future mathematical modelling and simulation of interlinked networks can aid in understanding HIF behaviour in complex pathophysiological situations. Ultimately this would allow the identification of new pharmacological targets in different disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel As Cavadas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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99
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Moraes KCM, Monteiro CJ, Pacheco-Soares C. A novel function for CUGBP2 in controlling the pro-inflammatory stimulus in H9c2 cells: subcellular trafficking of messenger molecules. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:1129-38. [PMID: 23661609 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that chronic inflammation plays an important role in heart hypertrophy and cardiac diseases. However, the fine-tuning of cellular and molecular mechanisms that connect inflammatory process and cardiac diseases is still under investigation. Many reports have demonstrated that the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other prostanoids, is correlated with inflammatory processes. Increased level of prostaglandin E2 was also found in animal model of left ventricle of hypertrophy. Based on previous observations that demonstrated a regulatory loop between COX-2 and the RNA-binding protein CUGBP2, we studied cellular and molecular mechanisms of a pro-inflammatory stimulus in a cardiac cell to verify if the above two molecules could be correlated with the inflammatory process in the heart. A cellular model of investigation was established and H9c2 was used. We also demonstrated a regulatory connection between COX-2 and CUGBP2 in the cardiac cells. Based on a set of different assays including gene silencing and fluorescence microscopy, we describe a novel function for the RNA-binding protein CUGBP2 in controlling the pro-inflammatory stimulus: subcellular trafficking of messenger molecules to specific cytoplasmic stress granules to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C M Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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100
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Schaible B, McClean S, Selfridge A, Broquet A, Asehnoune K, Taylor CT, Schaffer K. Hypoxia modulates infection of epithelial cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56491. [PMID: 23418576 PMCID: PMC3572047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with lung and wound infections. Hypoxia is a frequent feature of the microenvironment of infected tissues which induces the expression of genes associated with innate immunity and inflammation in host cells primarily through the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) pathways which are regulated by oxygen-dependent prolyl-hydroxylases. Hypoxia also affects virulence and antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. However, less is known about the impact of hypoxia on host-pathogen interactions such as bacterial adhesion and infection. In the current study, we demonstrate that hypoxia decreases the internalization of P. aeruginosa into cultured epithelial cells resulting in decreased host cell death. This response can also be elicited by the hydroxylase inhibitor Dimethyloxallyl Glycine (DMOG). Reducing HIF-2α expression or Rho kinase activity diminished the effects of hypoxia on P. aeruginosa infection. Furthermore, in an in vivo pneumonia infection model, application of DMOG 48 h before infection with P. aeruginosa significantly reduced mortality. Thus, hypoxia reduces P. aeruginosa internalization into epithelial cells and pharmacologic manipulation of the host pathways involved may represent new therapeutic targets in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schaible
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science and The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queens's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Selfridge
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science and The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexis Broquet
- Laboratoire UPRES EA 3826 «Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections», Faculté de médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Laboratoire UPRES EA 3826 «Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections», Faculté de médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service anesthésie réanimation chirurgicale, Hôtel Dieu-HME, Nantes, France
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science and The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Schaffer
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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