51
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Molladavoodi S, Robichaud M, Wulff D, Gorbet M. Corneal epithelial cells exposed to shear stress show altered cytoskeleton and migratory behaviour. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178981. [PMID: 28662184 PMCID: PMC5491001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells that form the corneal epithelium, the outermost layer of the cornea, are exposed to shear stress through blinking during waking hours. In this in vitro study, the effect of fluid shear stress on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) was investigated. Following exposure to shear stresses of 4 and 8 dyn/cm2, HCECs showed cytoskeletal rearrangement with more prominent, organized and elongated filamentous actin. Cytoskeletal changes were time-dependent, and were most significant after 24 hours of shear stress. Higher rates of migration and proliferation, as evaluated by a scratch assay, were also observed following 24 hours of low shear stress exposure (4 dyn/cm2). This result contrasted the poor migration observed in samples scratched before shear exposure, indicating that shear-induced cytoskeletal changes played a key role in improved wound healing and must therefore precede any damage to the cell layer. HCEC cytoskeletal changes were accompanied by an upregulation in integrin β1 and downregulation of ICAM-1. These results demonstrate that HCECs respond favourably to flow-induced shear stress, impacting their proliferation and migration properties as well as phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molladavoodi
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Robichaud
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Wulff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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52
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Engebretson B, Mussett ZR, Sikavitsas VI. Tenocytic extract and mechanical stimulation in a tissue-engineered tendon construct increases cellular proliferation and ECM deposition. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Engebretson
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | - Zachary R. Mussett
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
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53
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CXCL10/IP-10 Neutralization Can Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169100. [PMID: 28046003 PMCID: PMC5207674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), a pro-inflammatory factor, in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of CXCL10 and the effect of CXCL10 neutralization in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS in rats. The expression of CXCL10 and its receptor chemokine receptor 3(CXCR3) increased after LPS induction. Moreover, neutralization of CXCL10 ameliorated the severity of ARDS by reducing pulmonary edema, inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ, IL-6 and ICAM-1) and limiting inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages, CD8+ T cells) influx into the lung, with a reduction in CXCR3 expression in neutrophils and macrophages. Therefore, CXCL10 could be a potential therapeutic target in LPS-induced ARDS.
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54
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Li C, Liu S, Yan R, Han N, Wong KK, Li L. CD54-NOTCH1 axis controls tumor initiation and cancer stem cell functions in human prostate cancer. Theranostics 2017; 7:67-80. [PMID: 28042317 PMCID: PMC5196886 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered one of the key contributors to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, the precise identification of reliable CSC markers and clarification of the intracellular signaling involved in CSCs remains a great challenge in fields relating to cancer biology. Here, we implemented a novel chemoresistant prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in NOD/SCID mice and identified CD54 as a candidate gene among the most highly enriched gene expression profiles in prostate tumors exposed to chronic cisplatin administration. Additional in vitro and in vivo assays showed that CD54 played a critical role in the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of prostate CSCs. Moreover, silencing CD54 greatly reduced the tumorigenesis of prostate cancers both in vitro and in vivo and significantly extended the survival time of tumor-bearing mice in a prostate cancer xenograft model. Dissection of the molecular mechanism revealed that the p38-Notch1 axis was the main downstream signaling pathway in CD54-mediated regulation of CSCs in prostate cancers. Together, these results established that CD54 could be a novel reliable prostate CSC marker and provided a new potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer via CD54-Notch1 signaling.
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55
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Zubkova ES, Beloglazova IB, Makarevich PI, Boldyreva MA, Sukhareva OY, Shestakova MV, Dergilev KV, Parfyonova YV, Menshikov MY. Regulation of Adipose Tissue Stem Cells Angiogenic Potential by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:180-96. [PMID: 26096299 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires coordinated "teamwork" of growth factors, proteases, progenitor and immune cells producing inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) might play a pivotal role by substituting cells or by secretion of growth factors or cytokines, and attraction of progenitor and inflammatory cells, which participate in initial stages of tissue repair. Due to obvious impact of inflammation on regeneration it seems promising to explore whether inflammatory factors could influence proangiogenic abilities of MSC. In this study we investigated effects of TNF-α on activity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). We found that treatment with TNF-α enhances ADSC proliferation, F-actin microfilament assembly, increases cell motility and migration through extracellular matrix. Exposure of ADSC to TNF-α led to increased mRNA expression of proangiogenic factors (FGF-2, VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), proteases (MMPs, uPA) and adhesion molecule ICAM-1. At the protein level, VEGF, IL-8, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 production was also up-regulated. Pre-incubation of ADSC with TNF-α-enhanced adhesion of monocytes to ADSC but suppressed adherence of ADSC to endothelial cells (HUVEC). Stimulation with TNF-α triggers ROS generation and activates a number of key intracellular signaling mediators known to positively regulate angiogenesis (Akt, small GTPase Rac1, ERK1/2, and p38 MAP-kinases). Pre-treatment with TNF-α-enhanced ADSC ability to promote growth of microvessels in a fibrin gel assay and accelerate blood flow recovery, which was accompanied by increased arteriole density and reduction of necrosis in mouse hind limb ischemia model. These findings indicate that TNF-α plays a role in activation of ADSC angiogenic and regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Zubkova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina B Beloglazova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel I Makarevich
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Boldyreva
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Marina V Shestakova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Yelena V Parfyonova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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56
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Kechagia M, Papassotiriou I, Gourgoulianis KI. Endocan and the respiratory system: a review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:3179-3187. [PMID: 28003744 PMCID: PMC5161333 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s118692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocan, formerly called endothelial cell-specific molecule 1, is an endothelial cell-associated proteoglycan that is preferentially expressed by renal and pulmonary endothelium. It is upregulated by proangiogenic molecules as well as by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and since it reflects endothelial activation and dysfunction, it is regarded as a novel tissue and blood-based relevant biomarker. As such, it is increasingly being researched and evaluated in a wide spectrum of healthy and disease pathophysiological processes. Here, we review the present scientific knowledge on endocan, with emphasis on the evidence that underlines its possible clinical value as a prognostic marker in several malignant, inflammatory and obstructive disorders of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kechagia
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly Medical School, Larissa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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57
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Bai J, Adriani G, Dang TM, Tu TY, Penny HXL, Wong SC, Kamm RD, Thiery JP. Contact-dependent carcinoma aggregate dispersion by M2a macrophages via ICAM-1 and β2 integrin interactions. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25295-307. [PMID: 26231039 PMCID: PMC4694832 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can constitute up to 50% of the tumor mass and have strong implications in tumor progression and metastasis. Macrophages are plastic and can polarize to various subtypes that differ in terms of surface receptor expression as well as cytokine and chemokine production and effector function. Conventionally, macrophages are grouped into two major subtypes: the classically activated M1 macrophages and the alternatively activated M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory, promote T helper (Th) 1 responses, and show tumoricidal activity, whereas M2 macrophages contribute to tissue repair and promote Th2 responses. Herein, we present a microfluidic system integrating tumor cell aggregates and subtypes of human monocyte-derived macrophages in a three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold, in close co-culture with an endothelial monolayer to create an in vitro tumor microenvironment. This platform was utilized to study the role of individual subtypes of macrophages (M0, M1, M2a, M2b and M2c) in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) aggregate dispersion, as a representation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A significant difference was observed when M2a macrophages were in direct contact with or separated from A549 aggregates, suggesting a possible mechanism for proximity-induced, contact-dependent dissemination via ICAM-1 and integrin β2 interactions. Indeed, M2a macrophages tended to infiltrate and release cells from carcinoma cell aggregates. These findings may help in the development of immunotherapies based on enhancing the tumor-suppressive properties of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore
| | - Truong-Minh Dang
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore
| | - Hwei-Xian Leong Penny
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siew-Cheng Wong
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Roger D Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
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58
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García-López R, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Alsina L, Pérez-Dueñas B, Jaeken J, Serrano M, Casado M, Hernández-Caselles T. Natural Killer Cell Receptors and Cytotoxic Activity in Phosphomannomutase 2 Deficiency (PMM2-CDG). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158863. [PMID: 27415628 PMCID: PMC4944953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PMM2-CDG is the most common N-glycosylation defect and shows an increased risk of recurrent and/or severe, sometimes fatal, infections in early life. We hypothesized that natural killer (NK) cells, as important mediators of the immune response against microbial pathogens and regulators of adaptive immunity, might be affected in this genetic disorder. Objective To evaluate possible defects on PMM2-CDG NK peripheral blood cell number, killing activity and expression of membrane receptors. Methods We studied fresh and activated NK cells from twelve PMM2-CDG cells. The number and expression of lymphoid surface receptors were studied by flow cytometry. The NK responsiveness (frequency of degranulated NK cells) and killing activity against K562 target cells was determined in the NK cytotoxicity assay. Results We found an increase of blood NK cells in three patients with a severe phenotype. Two of them, who had suffered from moderate/severe viral infections during their first year of life, also had reduced T lymphocyte numbers. Patient activated NK cells showed increased expression of CD54 adhesion molecule and NKG2D and NKp46 activating receptors. NKp46 and 2B4 expression was inversely correlated with the expression of NKG2D in activated PMM2-CDG cells. Maximal NK activity against K562 target cells was similar in control and PMM2-CDG cells. Interestingly, the NK cell responsiveness was higher in patient cells. NKG2D and specially CD54 increased surface expression significantly correlated with the increased NK cell cytolytic activity according to the modulation of the killer activity by expression of triggering receptors and adhesion molecules. Conclusions Our results indicate that hypoglycosylation in PMM2-CDG altered NK cell reactivity against target cells and the expression of CD54 and NKG2D, NKp46 and 2B4 activating receptors during NK cell activation. This suggests a defective control of NK cell killing activity and the overall anti-viral immune response in PMM2-CDG patients. The present work improves our understanding of the immunological functions in PMM2-CDG and possibly in other CDG-I types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Sección de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Departamento de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Gasthuisberg, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Serrano
- Departamento de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Casado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Neuropediatría, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu CIBERER-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinidad Hernández-Caselles
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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59
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Ng WL, Marinov GK, Liau ES, Lam YL, Lim YY, Ea CK. Inducible RasGEF1B circular RNA is a positive regulator of ICAM-1 in the TLR4/LPS pathway. RNA Biol 2016; 13:861-71. [PMID: 27362560 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1207036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a large class of RNA species formed by the back-splicing of co-linear exons, often within protein-coding transcripts. Despite much progress in the field, it remains elusive whether the majority of circRNAs are merely aberrant splicing by-products with unknown functions, or their production is spatially and temporally regulated to carry out specific biological functions. To date, the majority of circRNAs have been cataloged in resting cells. Here, we identify an LPS-inducible circRNA: mcircRasGEF1B, which is predominantly localized in cytoplasm, shows cell-type specific expression, and has a human homolog with similar properties, hcircRasGEF1B. We show that knockdown of the expression of mcircRasGEF1B reduces LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression. Additionally, we demonstrate that mcircRasGEF1B regulates the stability of mature ICAM-1 mRNAs. These findings expand the inventory of functionally characterized circRNAs with a novel RNA species that may play a critical role in fine-tuning immune responses and protecting cells against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lun Ng
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- b Department of Biology , Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington , IL , USA
| | - Ee Shan Liau
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Yi Lyn Lam
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Yat-Yuen Lim
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Chee-Kwee Ea
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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60
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Strazza M, Azoulay-Alfaguter I, Peled M, Mor A. Assay of Adhesion Under Shear Stress for the Study of T Lymphocyte-Adhesion Molecule Interactions. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27404581 DOI: 10.3791/54203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Overall, T cell adhesion is a critical component of function, contributing to the distinct processes of cellular recruitment to sites of inflammation and interaction with antigen presenting cells (APC) in the formation of immunological synapses. These two contexts of T cell adhesion differ in that T cell-APC interactions can be considered static, while T cell-blood vessel interactions are challenged by the shear stress generated by circulation itself. T cell-APC interactions are classified as static in that the two cellular partners are static relative to each other. Usually, this interaction occurs within the lymph nodes. As a T cell interacts with the blood vessel wall, the cells arrest and must resist the generated shear stress.(1,2) These differences highlight the need to better understand static adhesion and adhesion under flow conditions as two distinct regulatory processes. The regulation of T cell adhesion can be most succinctly described as controlling the affinity state of integrin molecules expressed on the cell surface, and thereby regulating the interaction of integrins with the adhesion molecule ligands expressed on the surface of the interacting cell. Our current understanding of the regulation of integrin affinity states comes from often simplistic in vitro model systems. The assay of adhesion using flow conditions described here allows for the visualization and accurate quantification of T cell-epithelial cell interactions in real time following a stimulus. An adhesion under flow assay can be applied to studies of adhesion signaling within T cells following treatment with inhibitory or stimulatory substances. Additionally, this assay can be expanded beyond T cell signaling to any adhesive leukocyte population and any integrin-adhesion molecule pair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Peled
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Adam Mor
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine;
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Wu T, Shi JX, Geng S, Zhou W, Shi Y, Su X. The MK2/HuR signaling pathway regulates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression by promoting the stabilization of ICAM-1 mRNA. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:84. [PMID: 27215284 PMCID: PMC4877999 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by acute lung inflammation. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) play an important role in the development of these diseases. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38/activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) regulates the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-8 in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that human antigen R (HuR), an RNA binding protein which binds preferentially to AU-rich elements (AREs) and stabilizes mRNAs, regulates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression in the MK2/HuR signaling pathway. Method MK2 and HuR were silenced respectively in HPMECs and then HPMECs were stimulatied with TNF-α. Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR was detected by subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy in MK2 knockdown HPMECs. In HuR silencing cells, protein and mRNA levels of ICAM-1 and IL-8 were measured by western blot analysis, ELISA and real-time PCR; mRNA stabilization were measured by real-time PCR after actinomycin D (ActD) blocking transcription. Furthermore, we performed neutrophil adhesion assay to assess the adhering capacity after HuR silencing. Results MK2 were subjected to a knockdown by interfering RNA, the mRNA and protein levels of HuR in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were not affected. However, after the stimulation of TNF-α, silencing MK2 inhibited HuR accumulation to cytoplasm from nucleus in HPMECs. Consequently, knockdown of HuR by RNA interference in HPMECs, there was reduction in the stability of ICAM-1 mRNA and ICAM-1 protein level. This event was accompanied by a decrease in the adhesion of neutrophils towards HPMECs. Nevertheless, HuR silencing had no effect on the mRNA and protein levels of IL-8. Conclusion These results indicate that MK2 post-transcriptionally regulates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression by altering the cytoplasmic localization of HuR in HPMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222002, China
| | - Shen Geng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Petta I, Lievens S, Libert C, Tavernier J, De Bosscher K. Modulation of Protein-Protein Interactions for the Development of Novel Therapeutics. Mol Ther 2016; 24:707-18. [PMID: 26675501 PMCID: PMC4886928 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlie most biological processes. An increasing interest to investigate the unexplored potential of PPIs in drug discovery is driven by the need to find novel therapeutic targets for a whole range of diseases with a high unmet medical need. To date, PPI inhibition with small molecules is the mechanism that has most often been explored, resulting in significant progress towards drug development. However, also PPI stabilization is gradually gaining ground. In this review, we provide a focused overview of a number of PPIs that control critical regulatory pathways and constitute targets for the design of novel therapeutics. We discuss PPI-modulating small molecules that are already pursued in clinical trials. In addition, we review a number of PPIs that are still under preclinical investigation but for which preliminary data support their use as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Petta
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Lievens
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
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63
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Manicone AM, Gong K, Johnston LK, Giannandrea M. Diet-induced obesity alters myeloid cell populations in naïve and injured lung. Respir Res 2016; 17:24. [PMID: 26956558 PMCID: PMC4782295 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are pulmonary consequences to obesity, including increased prevalence of asthma, greater susceptibility to influenza, and possibly reduced susceptibility to lung injury. Although it is well established that obesity is associated with alterations to the immune system, little is known about obesity-associated changes to pulmonary immune cells. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that obesity would alter the inflammatory milieu in the unchallenged lung and circulation; thereby contributing to altered susceptibility to lung injury. METHODS We used a murine model of diet-induced obesity and evaluated bone marrow and blood leukocytes at 3 months, and pulmonary leukocytes at 3 and 6 months for changes in their adhesion and chemokine receptors, markers of activation states, and cell numbers. We also evaluated the inflammatory response to LPS in obese mice. RESULTS In the lung, diet-induced obesity was associated with increased leukocyte numbers over-time. Adhesion receptors were increased in a cell- and site-specific fashion, and there was an evolution of macrophage and neutrophil polarization toward M1 and N1, respectively. After LPS-challenge, obesity was associated with increased neutrophil recruitment to the lung with impaired migration into the alveolar space. Associated with these changes, obesity increased LFA-1 and ICAM-1 neutrophil expression and altered CXCL1 gradients. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the effects of diet-induced obesity on the murine blood and lung leukocyte populations, including increases in adhesion receptor expression that may contribute to altered recruitment or retention within the lung. Translation of these findings to people with obesity will be critical for determining the basic inflammatory underpinnings of pulmonary disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Manicone
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Keqin Gong
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Laura K Johnston
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Giannandrea
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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Schmidt JJ, Jahn J, Golla P, Hafer C, Kielstein JT, Kielstein H. Effect of therapeutic plasma exchange on plasma levels and total removal of adipokines and inflammatory markers. BMC OBESITY 2015; 2:37. [PMID: 26425347 PMCID: PMC4588244 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-015-0067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Aside from well-established inflammatory mediators adipokines have recently been found to play an important role in a variety of immunologic diseases. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an established treatment modality for the acute removal of pathophysiological relevant disease mediators. The aim of this study was to determine adipokine removal during TPE therapy. Methods 21 Caucasian patients (10 females, 11 males) with an indication for TPE using albumin as exchange fluid received two consecutive TPE sessions. Blood samples for measurement of resistin, leptin, sICAM-1, sCD40L, MCP-1, and sTNF-R were drawn before and at the end of each TPE session. Samples from the total removed plasma were collected at the end of every treatment. Results We found a significant reduction in pre- vs. post-TPE plasma concentrations for sICAM-1 (517 ± 246 vs. 260 ± 159 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), sTNF-R (8.1 ± 6.4 vs. 5.7 ± 3.9 ng/ml, p < 0.05), and resistin plasma levels (14.3 ± 6.9 vs. 9.5 ± 4.7 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Solely sICAM-1 reduction persisted for 25 ± 5 h between the first and second TPE treatment, while the other investigated mediators increased to baseline levels. Substantial amounts of all measured mediators could be recovered from the removed plasma. Conclusions TPE provides a persistent reduction in sICAM-1 levels and temporarily affects several adipokine and cytokine plasma levels. Our findings are of importance not only for the interpretation of blood levels of cytokines in patients undergoing TPE but provide solid evidence that TPE markedly decreases sICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius J Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Janine Jahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Paulina Golla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Hafer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan T Kielstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kielstein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Weng J, Lai P, Geng S, Luo C, Wu S, Ling W, Deng C, Huang X, Lu Z, Du X. Role of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease. Clin Transplant 2015; 29:547-54. [PMID: 25845646 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous damage is one of the characterized manifestations in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). When local effective immunity in the skin is altered to a dysimmune reaction, cutaneous injuries occur. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling is regarded as a central mediator of inflammation and organ injury. In this study, we found that TLR4 mRNA in peripheral blood from patients with cutaneous cGVHD was markedly increased compared with that from non-GVHD patients and healthy controls. In addition, NF-κB expression, TLR4 downstream signaling, and TLR4-mediated cytokines, including IL-6 and ICAM-1, were upregulated. Moreover, ICAM-1 was widely distributed in skin biopsies from patients with cutaneous cGVHD. We also found that LPS induced TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-6 and ICAM-1 secretion in human fibroblasts in vitro. Thus, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-6, and ICAM-1 contribute to the inflammatory response that occurs in cutaneous cGVHD, indicating the TLR4 pathway may be a novel target for cutaneous cGVHD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenwei Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suijing Wu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Deng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zesheng Lu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu D, Zhu H, Wang C, Yang D. Intraocular soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 correlates with subretinal fluid height of diabetic macular edema. Indian J Ophthalmol 2015; 62:295-8. [PMID: 23619489 PMCID: PMC4061666 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlations between aqueous concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Materials and Methods: VEGF, MCP-1 and sICAM-1 concentrations in aqueous humor samples of 22 patients with DME and 23 patients with cataract of a control group were measured with solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: Aqueous VEGF (89.2 ± 58.5 pg/ml versus 48.5 ± 27.8 pg/ml, P = 0.006), MCP-1 (684.2 ± 423.4 pg/ml versus 432.4 ± 230.4 pg/ml, P = 0.019) and sICAM-1 (3213.8 ± 2581.6 pg/ml versus 260.2 ± 212.2 pg/ml, P < 0.001) all vary significantly between DME group and control group. Maximum height of submacular fluid measured by Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was significantly associated with aqueous sICAM-1 (r = -0.45, P = 0.034). The maximum height of macular thickness measured by OCT was not significantly associated with either VEGF (P = 0.300), MCP-1 (P = 0.320) or sICAM-1 (P = 0.285). Conclusions: Our results suggest that sICAM-1 may majorly contribute to the formation of subretinal fluid in DME patients and imply that MCP-1 and sICAM-1 may be the potential therapy targets, besides VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Xu BL, Zhang GJ, Ji YB. Active components alignment of Gegenqinlian decoction protects ulcerative colitis by attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:253-260. [PMID: 25557032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gegenqinlian Decoction (GQD) has been used as a folk remedy for gastrointestinal diseases in China over thousands of years. It has significant treatment efficacy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed and showed that the active components alignment of Gegenqinlian Decoction (ACAG) possesses broad pharmacological effects including analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antidiarrhea, as well as the effect of adjusting gastrointestinal function in our preliminary experiments. However, the exact molecular mechanisms on how ACAG exerts these pharmacological effects still remain elusive. In the present study, the plausible pharmacological effects of ACAG on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with TNBS/ethanol-induced colitis were used. The colonic wet weight, macroscopic and histological colon injury, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity were observed. Pro-inflammation cytokines were determined by ELISA methods, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Immuno-histochemistry. RESULTS We showed administration of ACAG was able to improve colitis. This was manifested by a decreased in the score of macroscopic and histological colonic injury, by lowered colonic wet weight, accompanied by significant increased of SOD activity, and decreased of MDA and iNOS activities. The treatment also significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in colon and serum as well as the colonic mRNA levels for several inflammatory cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and toll-like receptor 2, 4 (TLR2, TLR4). In addition, we also showed that ACAG was able to inhibit the activation and translocation of transcription factors, nuclear factor kappaBp65 (NF-κBp65) in colon. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ACAG exhibits protective effect in TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis. We postulate that this might be due to its modulation of oxidant/anti-oxidant balance, downregulation of productions, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of NF-κBp65 signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Lei Xu
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Gui-Jun Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yu-Bin Ji
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Kleine TO. Cellular immune surveillance of central nervous system bypasses blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier: Revealed with the New Marburg cerebrospinal-fluid model in healthy humans. Cytometry A 2015; 87:227-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann O. Kleine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics of the University Hospital Marburg. Dependance: Cerebrospinal-Fluid References Labor, Baldingerstraße; 35043 Marburg Germany
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Han HY, Ryu MH, Lee G, Cheon WJ, Lee C, An WG, Kim H, Cho SI. Effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., root bark on ICAM-1 expression and chemokine productions in vivo and vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:245-252. [PMID: 25449455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., family Rutaceae is a well known anti-inflammatory agent for skin diseases such as eczema, pruritus and urticaria in Eastern countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus root bark (MEDD) on Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, epidermal hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) mice. We also investigated its effects on the expression of ICAM-1, binding capacity to THP-1 cells, cytokine and chemokine production, and phosphorylation of NF-κB in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). RESULTS Topical application of MEDD effectively inhibited ICAM-1 expression and epidermal hyperplasia in inflamed tissues. MEDD treatment also inhibited immune cell infiltration induced by DNFB. In addition, treatment with MEDD reduced surface expression and total amount of ICAM-1in HaCaT cells and effectively lowered the capacity to bind to THP-1 cells. MEDD also lowered the levels of IL-6, IL-8, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Finally, MEDD treatment prevented activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by TNF-α in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus has the potential for treatment of inflammatory skin diseases as a complementary or alternative medicine to corticosteroids. In addition, they suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of Dictamnus dasycarpus on CD are involved in the regulation of ICAM-1 expression and cytokine and chemokine secretion through down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Guemsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, South Korea.
| | - Won-Ju Cheon
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Chu Lee
- Aquaculture Industry Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, South Korea.
| | - Won-Gun An
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea.
| | - Su-In Cho
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, South Korea.
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Li L, Xu S, Yan J, Li Y, Wang X, Du R, Zhu J, Fu X, Xiao X, Wang Z. Mechanism of PKC activity affecting the adhesion reaction of endothelial cells with monocytes. Int J Cardiol 2014; 182:361-7. [PMID: 25590962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Suining Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Ultrasonics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xianli Fu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
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Ahmed MAE. Amelioration of nandrolone decanoate-induced testicular and sperm toxicity in rats by taurine: effects on steroidogenesis, redox and inflammatory cascades, and intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 282:285-96. [PMID: 25542992 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The wide abuse of the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate by athletes and adolescents for enhancement of sporting performance and physical appearance may be associated with testicular toxicity and infertility. On the other hand, taurine; a free β-amino acid with remarkable antioxidant activity, is used in taurine-enriched beverages to boost the muscular power of athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of the possible protective effects of taurine on nandrolone decanoate-induced testicular and sperm toxicity in rats. To achieve this aim, male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups and administered either vehicle, nandrolone decanoate (10mg/kg/week, I.M.), taurine (100mg/kg/day, p.o.) or combination of taurine and nandrolone decanoate, for 8 successive weeks. Results of the present study showed that taurine reversed nandrolone decanoate-induced perturbations in sperm characteristics, normalized serum testosterone level, and restored the activities of the key steroidogenic enzymes; 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD. Moreover, taurine prevented nandrolone decanoate-induced testicular toxicity and DNA damage by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. This was evidenced by taurine-induced modulation of testicular LDH-x activity, redox markers (MDA, NO, GSH contents, and SOD activity), inflammatory indices (TNF-α, ICAM-1 levels, and MMP-9 gene expression), intrinsic apoptotic pathway (cytochrome c gene expression and caspase-3 content), and oxidative DNA damage markers (8-OHdG level and comet assay). In conclusion, at the biochemical and histological levels, taurine attenuated nandrolone decanoate-induced poor sperm quality and testicular toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
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Association of serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6 with migraine. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:535-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-2010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Echebli N, Mhadhbi M, Chaussepied M, Vayssettes C, Di Santo JP, Darghouth MA, Langsley G. Engineering attenuated virulence of a Theileria annulata-infected macrophage. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3183. [PMID: 25375322 PMCID: PMC4222746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines are used to combat tropical theileriosis in North Africa, the Middle East, India, and China. The attenuation process is empirical and occurs only after many months, sometimes years, of in vitro culture of virulent clinical isolates. During this extensive culturing, attenuated lines lose their vaccine potential. To circumvent this we engineered the rapid ablation of the host cell transcription factor c-Jun, and within only 3 weeks the line engineered for loss of c-Jun activation displayed in vitro correlates of attenuation such as loss of adhesion, reduced MMP9 gelatinase activity, and diminished capacity to traverse Matrigel. Specific ablation of a single infected host cell virulence trait (c-Jun) induced a complete failure of Theileria annulata-transformed macrophages to disseminate, whereas virulent macrophages disseminated to the kidneys, spleen, and lungs of Rag2/γC mice. Thus, in this heterologous mouse model loss of c-Jun expression led to ablation of dissemination of T. annulata-infected and transformed macrophages. The generation of Theileria-infected macrophages genetically engineered for ablation of a specific host cell virulence trait now makes possible experimental vaccination of calves to address how loss of macrophage dissemination impacts the disease pathology of tropical theileriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Echebli
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Moez Mhadhbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Marie Chaussepied
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Vayssettes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- Inserm U688, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Aziz Darghouth
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gordon Langsley
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
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Sumagin R, Sarelius IH. Emerging understanding of roles for arterioles in inflammation. Microcirculation 2014; 20:679-92. [PMID: 23701383 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arterioles, capillaries, and venules all actively change their cellular functions and phenotypes during inflammation in ways that are essential for maintenance of homeostasis and self-defense, and are also associated with many inflammatory disorders. ECs, together with pericytes and ECM proteins, can regulate blood flow, the coagulation cascade, fluid and solute exchange, and leukocyte trafficking. While capillary and venular functions in inflammation are well characterized, the arteriolar contribution to inflammation has only recently come into focus. Arterioles differ from venules in structure, EC morphology, shear environment, expression, and distribution of surface ligands; hence, regulation and function of arteriolar wall cells during inflammation may also be distinct from venules. Recent work indicates that in response to proinflammatory stimuli, arterioles alter barrier function, and support leukocyte and platelet interactions through upregulation of adhesion molecules. This suggests that in addition to their role in blood flow regulation, arterioles may also participate in inflammatory responses. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms that characterize arteriolar responses to proinflammatory stimuli. We will detail how distinct arteriolar features contribute to regulation of barrier function and leukocyte-EC interactions in inflammation, and further highlight the potential priming effects of arteriolar responses on venular function and progression of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Stephen GL, Lui S, Hamilton SA, Tower CL, Harris LK, Stevens A, Jones RL. Transcriptomic profiling of human choriodecidua during term labor: inflammation as a key driver of labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:36-55. [PMID: 25283845 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Inflammation is a driver of labor in myometrium and cervix; however, the involvement of decidua is poorly defined. We have reported decidual leukocyte infiltration prior to and during labor; the regulators of these inflammatory processes are unknown. METHOD OF STUDY Choriodecidua RNA obtained after term labor or elective cesarean delivery was applied to Affymetrix GeneChips. Pathway analysis and gene validation were performed. RESULTS Extensive inflammatory activation was identified in choriodecidua following labor, predominantly upregulation of genes regulating leukocyte trafficking and cytokine signalling. Genes governing cell fate, tissue remodelling, and translation were also altered. Upregulation of candidate genes (ICAM1, CXCR4, CD44, TLR4, SOCS3, BCL2A, and IDO) was confirmed. NFκB, STAT1&3, HMGB1, and miRNA-21, miRNA-46, miRNA-141, and miRNA-200 were predicted upstream regulators. CONCLUSION This study confirms inflammatory processes are major players in labor events in choriodecidua, as in other gestational tissues. Suppressing uterine inflammation is likely to be critical for arresting premature labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L Stephen
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Zhang L, Liu J, Wang H, Zhao C, Lu J, Xue J, Gu Y, Hao C, Lin S, Lv C. Double filtration plasmapheresis benefits myasthenia gravis patients through an immunomodulatory action. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:1570-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chakraborty S, Núñez D, Hu SY, Domingo MP, Pardo J, Karmenyan A, Chiou A. FRET based quantification and screening technology platform for the interactions of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102572. [PMID: 25032811 PMCID: PMC4102529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between leukocyte function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays a pivotal role in cellular adhesion including the extravasation and inflammatory response of leukocytes, and also in the formation of immunological synapse. However, irregular expressions of LFA-1 or ICAM-1 or both may lead to autoimmune diseases, metastasis cancer, etc. Thus, the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases. Here, we developed one simple 'in solution' steady state fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique to obtain the dissociation constant (Kd) of the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM-1. Moreover, we developed the assay into a screening platform to identify peptides and small molecules that inhibit the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. For the FRET pair, we used Alexa Fluor 488-LFA-1 conjugate as donor and Alexa Fluor 555-human recombinant ICAM-1 (D1-D2-Fc) as acceptor. From our quantitative FRET analysis, the Kd between LFA-1 and D1-D2-Fc was determined to be 17.93±1.34 nM. Both the Kd determination and screening assay were performed in a 96-well plate platform, providing the opportunity to develop it into a high-throughput assay. This is the first reported work which applies FRET based technique to determine Kd as well as classifying inhibitors of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Núñez
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Shih-Yang Hu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - María Pilar Domingo
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julian Pardo
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón I+D Foundation, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
- Nanoscience Institute of Aragón, Aragón I+D Foundation, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Artashes Karmenyan
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eva Ma Gálvez
- Instituto de Carboquímica, CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- Immune Effector Cells Group, Aragón Health Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Relationship between Leukopenia and Intercellular Adhesion Molecules in Graves' Disease. W INDIAN MED J 2014; 63:601-4. [PMID: 25803374 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2013.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and E-selectin levels as well as leukocyte count were examined in this study to explore the relationship between leukopenia and ICAMs in Graves' disease (GD). METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 37 GD patients with normal leukocytes and 32 GD patients with leukopenia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine serum sICAM-1 and E-selectin levels for comparison. The same analyses were repeated for the GD patients with leukopenia after glucocorticoid treatment (15 mg/day to 30 mg/day prednisone). RESULTS The ELISA results showed that E-selectin levels were higher in GD patients with leukopenia than those with normal leukocytes (p < 0.05), but these levels decreased after glucocorticoid (prednisone) treatment (p < 0.05). No significant change in sICAM-1 levels was observed (p = 0.12). Correlation analysis showed that leukocyte count and E-selectin were negatively correlated (r = -0.778; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION E-selectin may have an important function in GD with leukopenia, and glucocorticoids (prednisone) could decrease E-selectin level, which may be a new therapy target for GD with leukopenia.
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79
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Dong GH, Li XF, Li JZ, Zhang ZD, Hu WM, Luo YH, Li ZD, Tian BL, He MX, Zhu XW. Intercellular adhesion molecular-1, Fas, and Fas ligand as diagnostic biomarkers for acute allograft rejection of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in pigs. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:778-86. [PMID: 24162270 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early diagnosis of pancreas allograft dysfunction is crucial for the management and long-term survival of transplanted pancreases. We investigated whether intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1), Fas, and Fas ligand (FasL) can be used as novel biomarkers of acute pancreaticoduodenal allograft dysfunction in pigs. METHODS Forty outbred landraces were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group (8 pigs), a sham operation was performed but no drugs were administered. In groups 1 and 2 (8 pairs each), pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was performed, with the latter administered immunosuppressive drugs and the former not administered drugs. The expression of ICAM-1, Fas, and FasL mRNA in the peripheral vein blood was assessed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, pre-transplant and on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after transplantation. Simultaneously, the levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon in the serum of the recipients were evaluated. The allograft pancreas tissue was obtained to assess the pathological damage and the expression of Fas and FasL by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS On the first 7 days after transplantation, ICAM-1, Fas, and FasL mRNA expression in the blood leukocytes of the recipient increased significantly in groups 1 and 2 compared with the control group (P < 0.01). However, the levels in group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 1 (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the FasL expression increased but the Fas expression decreased gradually in the graft pancreas tissue during the first week after transplantation in both groups 1 and 2 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of serous glucose, insulin, and glucagon in groups 1 and 2 obviously changed on day 1 after transplantation but returned to normal on day 2. The recipient's pancreas pathological sections did not exhibit any rejection changes on days 1 and 3 after transplantation but showed rejection damage on days 5 and 7. CONCLUSION ICAM-1, Fas, and FasL were found to be sensitive biomarkers of acute pancreas allograft dysfunction after pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in pigs, and their monitoring could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the immunosuppression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-hong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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80
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Chen HT, Tsou HK, Chen JC, Shih JMK, Chen YJ, Tang CH. Adiponectin enhances intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and promotes monocyte adhesion in human synovial fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92741. [PMID: 24667577 PMCID: PMC3965461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted predominantly by differentiated adipocytes and is involved in energy homeostasis. Adiponectin expression is significantly high in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an important adhesion molecule that mediates monocyte adhesion and infiltration during OA pathogenesis. Adiponectin-induced expression of ICAM-1 in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) was examined by using qPCR, flow cytometry and western blotting. The intracellular signaling pathways were investigated by pretreated with inhibitors or transfection with siRNA. The monocyte THP-1 cell line was used for an adhesion assay with OASFs. Stimulation of OASFs with adiponectin induced ICAM-1 expression. Pretreatment with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitors (AraA and compound C) or transfection with siRNA against AMPKα1 and two AMPK upstream activator- liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) diminished the adiponectin-induced ICAM-1 expression. Stimulation of OASFs with adiponectin increased phosphorylation of LKB1, CaMKII, AMPK, and c-Jun, resulting in c-Jun binding to AP-1 element of ICAM-1 promoter. In addition, adiponectin-induced activation of the LKB1/CaMKII, AMPK, and AP-1 pathway increased the adhesion of monocytes to the OASF monolayer. Our results suggest that adiponectin increases ICAM-1 expression in human OASFs via the LKB1/CaMKII, AMPK, c-Jun, and AP-1 signaling pathway. Adiponectin-induced ICAM-1 expression promoted the adhesion of monocytes to human OASFs. These findings may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of OA and can utilize this knowledge to design a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Te Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Kai Tsou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Jen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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81
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Bharadwaj AS, Schewitz-Bowers LP, Wei L, Lee RWJ, Smith JR. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 mediates migration of Th1 and Th17 cells across human retinal vascular endothelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:6917-25. [PMID: 24022011 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Autoimmune inflammation of the retina causes vision loss in the majority of affected individuals. Th1 or Th17 cells initiate the disease on trafficking from the circulation into the eye across the retinal vascular endothelium. We investigated the ability of human Th1- and Th17-polarized cells to cross a simulated human retinal endothelium, and examined the role of IgG superfamily members in this process. METHODS Th1- and Th17-polarized cell populations were generated from human peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells, using two Th1- and Th17-polarizing protocols. Transendothelial migration assays were performed over 18 hours in Boyden chambers, after seeding the transwell membrane with human retinal endothelial cells. In some assays intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), or activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) blocking antibody, or isotype- and concentration-matched control antibody, was added to the upper chambers. RESULTS Th1- and Th17-polarized cells migrated equally efficiently across the human retinal endothelial monolayer. The percentage of IL-17(+) IFN-γ(-) Th17-polarized cells was reduced following migration. Blocking ICAM-1, but not VCAM-1 or ALCAM, significantly reduced migration of Th1- and Th17-polarized cells for a majority of human donors. CONCLUSIONS Taken in the context of other literature on transendothelial migration, our results illustrate the importance of investigating the specific tissue and vascular endothelium when considering helper T cell migration in autoimmune inflammation. Our findings further indicate that while generalizations about involvement of specific adhesion molecules in uveitis and other autoimmune disease may be possible, these may not apply to individual patients universally. The observations are relevant to the use of adhesion blockade for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita S Bharadwaj
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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82
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McClellan MJ, Wood CD, Ojeniyi O, Cooper TJ, Kanhere A, Arvey A, Webb HM, Palermo RD, Harth-Hertle ML, Kempkes B, Jenner RG, West MJ. Modulation of enhancer looping and differential gene targeting by Epstein-Barr virus transcription factors directs cellular reprogramming. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003636. [PMID: 24068937 PMCID: PMC3771879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) epigenetically reprogrammes B-lymphocytes to drive immortalization and facilitate viral persistence. Host-cell transcription is perturbed principally through the actions of EBV EBNA 2, 3A, 3B and 3C, with cellular genes deregulated by specific combinations of these EBNAs through unknown mechanisms. Comparing human genome binding by these viral transcription factors, we discovered that 25% of binding sites were shared by EBNA 2 and the EBNA 3s and were located predominantly in enhancers. Moreover, 80% of potential EBNA 3A, 3B or 3C target genes were also targeted by EBNA 2, implicating extensive interplay between EBNA 2 and 3 proteins in cellular reprogramming. Investigating shared enhancer sites neighbouring two new targets (WEE1 and CTBP2) we discovered that EBNA 3 proteins repress transcription by modulating enhancer-promoter loop formation to establish repressive chromatin hubs or prevent assembly of active hubs. Re-ChIP analysis revealed that EBNA 2 and 3 proteins do not bind simultaneously at shared sites but compete for binding thereby modulating enhancer-promoter interactions. At an EBNA 3-only intergenic enhancer site between ADAM28 and ADAMDEC1 EBNA 3C was also able to independently direct epigenetic repression of both genes through enhancer-promoter looping. Significantly, studying shared or unique EBNA 3 binding sites at WEE1, CTBP2, ITGAL (LFA-1 alpha chain), BCL2L11 (Bim) and the ADAMs, we also discovered that different sets of EBNA 3 proteins bind regulatory elements in a gene and cell-type specific manner. Binding profiles correlated with the effects of individual EBNA 3 proteins on the expression of these genes, providing a molecular basis for the targeting of different sets of cellular genes by the EBNA 3s. Our results therefore highlight the influence of the genomic and cellular context in determining the specificity of gene deregulation by EBV and provide a paradigm for host-cell reprogramming through modulation of enhancer-promoter interactions by viral transcription factors. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with numerous cancers. The ability of the virus to infect B-cells and convert them from short-lived into immortal cells is the key to its cancer-promoting properties. A small number of EBV transcription factors are required for immortalization and act in concert to drive cell growth by deregulating the expression of cellular genes through largely unknown mechanisms. We have demonstrated that four of these key transcription factors function cooperatively by targeting common genes via long-range enhancer elements and modulating their looping interactions with gene promoters. Specifically we show that gene repression by the EBV EBNA 3 family of proteins can be mediated through the modulation of enhancer-promoter looping. Our results also reveal that different subsets of EBNA 3 proteins are bound at different genes and that this differential binding can vary in lymphoma cells compared to cells immortalized in culture, indicating that cell-background-specific gene regulation may be important in lymphoma development. Our results demonstrate how cellular genes can be deregulated by an oncogenic virus through modulation of enhancer-promoter looping with the specificity of binding by viral transcription factors controlling cellular reprogramming in a gene and cell-type specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McClellan
- School of Life Sciences, John Maynard-Smith Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - C. David Wood
- School of Life Sciences, John Maynard-Smith Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Opeoluwa Ojeniyi
- School of Life Sciences, John Maynard-Smith Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J. Cooper
- School of Life Sciences, John Maynard-Smith Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Kanhere
- MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Arvey
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Helen M. Webb
- School of Life Sciences, John Maynard-Smith Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Palermo
- School of Life Sciences, John Maynard-Smith Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Marie L. Harth-Hertle
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Kempkes
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard G. Jenner
- MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle J. West
- School of Life Sciences, John Maynard-Smith Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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An Aqueous-Ethanol Extract of Liriope spicata var. prolifera Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy through Suppression of Renal Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:201643. [PMID: 24027593 PMCID: PMC3762134 DOI: 10.1155/2013/201643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The tuberous root of Liriope spicata var. prolifera (TRLS; Liliaceae family) is valued for the ability to promote glucose homeostasis, and it may therefore be utilized as an adjuvant therapy in the control of diabetic complications. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of an aqueous ethanol extract from TRLS (TRLS-ext) (100 or 200 mg kg−1 per day for eight weeks) on rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). Renal dysfunction in diabetic rats was ameliorated by TRLS-ext as evidenced by reduced creatinine clearance, as well as increased blood urea nitrogen and proteinuria. Treatment with TRLS-ext was found to markedly improve histological architecture in the diabetic kidney. Hyperglycemia induced degradation of inhibitory kappa B and reduced nuclear factor kappa B activation, leading to increased infiltration of macrophages and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α. All of the above abnormalities were reversed by TRLS-ext treatment, which also decreased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and fibronectin in the diabetic kidneys. These findings provide a perspective on the renoprotective effects of TRLS-ext in DN.
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Maldonado-Báez L, Williamson C, Donaldson JG. Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a cargo-centric view. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2759-69. [PMID: 23954817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-independent endocytosis occurs in all cells and interest in this mode of cellular entry has grown. Although this form of endocytosis was first described for entry of bacterial toxins, here we focus our attention on the endogenous cell surface "cargo" proteins that enter cells by this mechanism. The cargo proteins entering by this mechanism are varied and include nutrient transporters, ion channels, cell adhesion molecules and proteins associated with the immune system. Despite the apparent lack of selection at the cell surface, we provide some examples of specific sorting of these cargo proteins after entry, leading to distinct itineraries and cellular fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymarie Maldonado-Báez
- Cell Biology & Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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85
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de Groote ML, Kazemier HG, Huisman C, van der Gun BT, Faas MM, Rots MG. Upregulation of endogenous ICAM-1 reduces ovarian cancer cell growth in the absence of immune cells. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:280-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes L. de Groote
- Epigenetic Editing; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hinke G. Kazemier
- Epigenetic Editing; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Christian Huisman
- Epigenetic Editing; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Bernardina T.F. van der Gun
- Epigenetic Editing; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Immunoendocrinology; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marianne G. Rots
- Epigenetic Editing; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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86
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Su X, Chen X, Liu L, Chang X, Yu X, Sun K. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 K469E gene polymorphism and risk of diabetic microvascular complications: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69940. [PMID: 23922864 PMCID: PMC3724680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies evaluated the association of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) K469E (rs5498, A/G) gene polymorphism with diabetic microvascular complications (DMI) including diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in different populations. However, the results of individual studies remain conflicting. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible studies of the above-mentioned associations. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed using the fixed or random effect model. RESULTS Seven studies involving 3411 subjects were included. Overall, the meta-analysis showed a significant association of the A allele with increased risk of DMI susceptibility in a recessive model (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.04-1.80, P = 0.02). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, significant association was found in Asians but not in Caucasians (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.13-2.81, P = 0.01; OR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.79-1.54, P = 0.58, respectively). Moreover, it showed a significant association between the A allele and risk of DN in a recessive model (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.55, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that the K469E polymorphism in ICAM-1 gene might affect individual susceptibility to DMI and showed a discrepancy in different ethnicities. Further investigations are needed to validate the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Adult and cord blood endothelial progenitor cells have different gene expression profiles and immunogenic potential. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2013; 12 Suppl 1:s367-74. [PMID: 23867184 DOI: 10.2450/2013.0042-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) are endowed with vascular regenerative ability in vivo and in vitro. In this study we compared the genotypic profile and the immunogenic potential of adult and cord blood ECFC, in order to explore the feasibility of using them as a cell therapy product. MATERIALS AND METHODS ECFC were obtained from cord blood samples not suitable for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and from adult healthy blood donors after informed consent. Genotypes were analysed by commercially available microarray assays and results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. HLA antigen expression was evaluated by flow-cytometry. Immunogenic capacity was investigated by evaluating the activation of allogeneic lymphocytes and monocytes in co-cultures with ECFC. RESULTS Microarray assays revealed that the genetic profile of cord blood and adult ECFC differed in about 20% of examined genes. We found that cord blood ECFC were characterised by lower pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic gene expression as compared to adult ECFC. Furthermore, whereas cord blood and adult ECFCs expressed similar amount of HLA molecules both at baseline and after incubation with γ-interferon, cord blood ECFC elicited a weaker expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Finally, we observed no differences in the amount of HLA antigens expressed among cord blood ECFC, adult ECFC and mesenchymal cells. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that cord blood ECFC have a lower pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic profile than adult ECFC. These preliminary data offer level-headed evidence to use cord blood ECFC as a cell therapy product in vascular diseases.
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Wang CY, Chiang TH, Chen CL, Tseng PC, Chien SY, Chuang YJ, Yang TT, Hsieh CY, Choi PC, Lin CF. Autophagy facilitates cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression. Innate Immun 2013; 20:200-13. [PMID: 23751820 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913488227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ICAM-1 can be induced by inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. This study investigated whether autophagy regulates ICAM-1 given that autophagy facilitates signaling of these two cytokines. Exogenous IFN-γ induced ICAM-1 in human lung epithelial A549 cells carrying wild type p53, a transcription factor reported for ICAM-1, but not in PC14PE6/AS2 (AS2) cells carrying mutated p53. However, IFN-γ also induced ICAM-1 in A549 cells with short hairpin RNA-silenced p53. No changes in IFN-γ receptor expression were observed in AS2 cells, but IFN-γ-activated Jak2/STAT1/IFN regulatory factor 1 was markedly decreased. In AS2 cells, increased levels of reactive oxygen species induced the activation of Src homology domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2), while SHP2 was essential for IFN-γ resistance. AS2 cells showed autophagy resistance, and the manipulation of the autophagy pathway altered IFN-γ resistance. Aberrant Bcl-2 expression and mammalian target of rapamycin activation contributed to both autophagy resistance and IFN-γ resistance. Autophagy, but not p53, also modulated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression. Inhibiting autophagy decreased the adhesion of human monocytic U937 cells to IFN-γ-treated A549 cells. These results demonstrated that IFN-γ and TNF-α induced ICAM-1 expression through a common pathway that was regulated by autophagy, but not p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yun Wang
- 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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89
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Xie X, Wu X, Cui J, Li H, Yan X. Increase ICAM-1 and LFA-1 expression by cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: Involvement of TNF-α. Brain Res 2013; 1512:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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90
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Obr A, Röselová P, Grebeňová D, Kuželová K. Real-time monitoring of hematopoietic cell interaction with fibronectin fragment: the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:275-82. [PMID: 23567296 PMCID: PMC3711993 DOI: 10.4161/cam.24531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system based on measurement of electrical microimpedance has been introduced to monitor adherent cell cultures. We describe its use for real-time analysis of hematopoietic cell adhesion to bone marrow stroma proteins. Cells growing in suspension do not generate any significant change in the microimpedance signal until the surface with embedded microelectrodes is coated with a cell-binding protein. We show that in this case, the microimpedance signal specifically reflects cell binding to the coated surface. The optimized method was used to monitor the effect of two histone deacetylase inhibitors, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and tubastatin A, on JURL-MK1 cell adhesion to cell-binding fragment of fibronectin (FNF). Both compounds were used in non-toxic concentrations and induced an increase in the cell adhesivity. The kinetics of this increase was markedly slower for SAHA although tubulin hyperacetylation occurred rapidly for any of the two drugs. The strengthening of cell binding to FNF was paralleled with a decrease of Lyn kinase activity monitored using an anti-phospho-Src family antibody. The inhibition of Src kinase activity with PP2 accordingly enhanced JURL-MK1 cell interaction with FNF. Actin filaments were present at the proximity of the plasma membrane and in numerous membrane protrusions. In some cells, F-actin formed clusters at membrane regions interacting with the coated surface and these clusters colocalized with active Lyn kinase. Our results indicate that the role of Src kinases in the regulation of hematopoetic cell adhesion signaling is similar to that of c-Src in adherent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Obr
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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91
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Núñez D, Domingo MP, Sánchez-Martínez D, Cebolla V, Chiou A, Velázquez-Campoy A, Pardo J, Gálvez EM. Recombinant production of human ICAM-1 chimeras by single step on column refolding and purification. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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92
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Ghosh S, Hoselton SA, Dorsam GP, Schuh JM. Eosinophils in fungus-associated allergic pulmonary disease. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:8. [PMID: 23378838 PMCID: PMC3561640 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is frequently caused and/or exacerbated by sensitization to fungal allergens, which are ubiquitous in many indoor and outdoor environments. Severe asthma with fungal sensitization is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchial constriction in response to an inhaled allergen that is worsened by environmental exposure to airborne fungi and which leads to a disease course that is often very difficult to treat with standard asthma therapies. As a result of complex interactions among inflammatory cells, structural cells, and the intercellular matrix of the allergic lung, patients with sensitization to fungal allergens may experience a greater degree of airway wall remodeling and progressive, accumulated pulmonary dysfunction as part of the disease sequela. From their development in the bone marrow to their recruitment to the lung via chemokine and cytokine networks, eosinophils form an important component of the inflammatory milieu that is associated with this syndrome. Eosinophils are recognized as complex multi-factorial leukocytes with diverse functions in the context of allergic fungal asthma. In this review, we will consider recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are associated with eosinophil development and migration to the allergic lung in response to fungal inhalation, along with the eosinophil’s function in the immune response to and the immunopathology attributed to fungus-associated allergic pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University Fargo, ND, USA
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93
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Xiamenmycin attenuates hypertrophic scars by suppressing local inflammation and the effects of mechanical stress. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1351-60. [PMID: 23303451 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring is a common disease affecting millions of people around the world, but there are currently no satisfactory drugs to treat the disease. Exaggerated inflammation and mechanical stress have been shown to be two main mechanisms of excessive fibrotic diseases. Here we found that a benzopyran natural product, xiamenmycin, could significantly attenuate hypertrophic scar formation in a mechanical stretch-induced mouse model. The compound suppressed local inflammation by reducing CD4+ lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage retention in fibrotic foci and blocked fibroblast adhesion with monocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies found that the compound inhibited the mechanical stress-induced profibrotic effects by suppressing proliferation, activation, fibroblast contraction, and inactivating FAK, p38, and Rho guanosine triphosphatase signaling. Taken together, the compound could simultaneously suppress both the inflammatory and mechanical stress responses, which are the two pivotal pathological processes in hypertrophic scar formation, thus suggesting that xiamenmycin can serve as a potential agent for treating hypertrophic scar formation and other excessive fibrotic diseases.
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94
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Xiao X, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:167-86. [PMID: 23287428 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the seminiferous epithelial cycle, restructuring takes places at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell interface to accommodate spermatogonia/spermatogonial stem cell renewal via mitosis, cell cycle progression and meiosis, spermiogenesis and spermiation since developing germ cells, in particular spermatids, move 'up and down' the seminiferous epithelium. Furthermore, preleptotene spermatocytes differentiated from type B spermatogonia residing at the basal compartment must traverse the blood-testis barrier (BTB) to enter the adluminal compartment to prepare for meiosis at Stage VIII of the epithelial cycle, a process also accompanied by the release of sperm at spermiation. These cellular events that take place at the opposite ends of the epithelium are co-ordinated by a functional axis designated the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES)-BTB-basement membrane. However, the regulatory molecules that co-ordinate cellular events in this axis are not known. METHODS Literature was searched at http://www.pubmed.org and http://scholar.google.com to identify published findings regarding intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and the regulation of this axis. RESULTS Members of the ICAM family, namely ICAM-1 and ICAM-2, and the biologically active soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) are the likely regulatory molecules that co-ordinate these events. sICAM-1 and ICAM-1 have antagonistic effects on the Sertoli cell tight junction-permeability barrier, involved in Sertoli cell BTB restructuring, whereas ICAM-2 is restricted to the apical ES, regulating spermatid adhesion during the epithelial cycle. Studies in other epithelia/endothelia on the role of the ICAM family in regulating cell movement are discussed and this information has been evaluated and integrated into studies of these proteins in the testis to create a hypothetical model, depicting how ICAMs regulate junction restructuring events during spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS ICAMs are crucial regulatory molecules of spermatogenesis. The proposed hypothetical model serves as a framework in designing functional experiments for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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95
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Alveolar macrophages and Toll-like receptor 4 mediate ventilated lung ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Anesthesiology 2012; 117:822-35. [PMID: 22890118 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31826a4ae3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is a sterile inflammatory process that is commonly associated with diverse clinical situations such as hemorrhage followed by resuscitation, transient embolic events, and organ transplantation. I-R injury can induce lung dysfunction whether the I-R occurs in the lung or in a remote organ. Recently, evidence has emerged that receptors and pathways of the innate immune system are involved in recognizing sterile inflammation and overlap considerably with those involved in the recognition of and response to pathogens. METHODS The authors used a mouse surgical model of transient unilateral left pulmonary artery occlusion without bronchial involvement to create ventilated lung I-R injury. In addition, they mimicked nutritional I-R injury in vitro by transiently depriving cells of all nutrients. RESULTS Compared with sham-operated mice, mice subjected to ventilated lung I-R injury had up-regulated lung expression of inflammatory mediator messenger RNA for interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 and -2, paralleled by histologic evidence of lung neutrophil recruitment and increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and high-mobility group protein B1 proteins. This inflammatory response to I-R required toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). In addition, the authors demonstrated in vitro cooperativity and cross-talk between human macrophages and endothelial cells, resulting in augmented inflammatory responses to I-R. Remarkably, the authors found that selective depletion of alveolar macrophages rendered mice resistant to ventilated lung I-R injury. CONCLUSIONS The data reveal that alveolar macrophages and the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor-4 are involved in the generation of the early inflammatory response to lung I-R injury.
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van Bree SHW, Nemethova A, Cailotto C, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Matteoli G, Boeckxstaens GE. New therapeutic strategies for postoperative ileus. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 9:675-83. [PMID: 22801725 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients undergoing an abdominal surgical procedure develop a transient episode of impaired gastrointestinal motility or postoperative ileus. Importantly, postoperative ileus is a major determinant of recovery after intestinal surgery and leads to increased morbidity and prolonged hospitalization, which is a great economic burden to health-care systems. Although a variety of strategies reduce postoperative ileus, including multimodal postoperative rehabilitation (fast-track care) and minimally invasive surgery, none of these methods have been completely successful in shortening the duration of postoperative ileus. The aetiology of postoperative ileus is multifactorial, but insights into the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus have identified intestinal inflammation, triggered by surgical handling, as the main mechanism. The importance of this inflammatory response in postoperative ileus is underscored by the beneficial effect of pharmacological interventions that block the influx of leukocytes. New insights into the pathophysiology of postoperative ileus and the involvement of the innate and the adaptive (T-helper type 1 cell-mediated immune response) immune system offer interesting and important new approaches to prevent postoperative ileus. In this Review, we discuss the latest insights into the mechanisms behind postoperative ileus and highlight new strategies to intervene in the postoperative inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd H W van Bree
- Tytgat Institute of Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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97
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Ghislin S, Obino D, Middendorp S, Boggetto N, Alcaide-Loridan C, Deshayes F. LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression induced during melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture favors the transendothelial migration of melanoma cell lines in vitro. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:455. [PMID: 23039186 PMCID: PMC3495854 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor median rate of survival. It is therefore necessary to increase our knowledge about melanoma cell dissemination which includes extravasation, where cancer cells cross the endothelial barrier. Extravasation is well understood during travelling of white blood cells, and involves integrins such as LFA-1 (composed of two chains, CD11a and CD18) expressed by T cells, while ICAM-1 is induced during inflammation by endothelial cells. Although melanoma cell lines cross endothelial cell barriers, they do not express LFA-1. We therefore hypothesized that melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture might induce the LFA-1/ICAM ligand/receptor couple during melanoma transmigration. Methods A transwell approach has been used as well as blocking antibodies against CD11a, CD18 and ICAM-1. Data were analyzed with an epifluorescence microscope. Fluorescence intensity was quantified with the ImageJ software. Results We show here that HUVEC-conditioned medium induce cell-surface expression of LFA-1 on melanoma cell lines. Similarly melanoma-conditioned medium activates ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Accordingly blocking antibodies of ICAM-1, CD11a or CD18 strongly decrease melanoma transmigration. We therefore demonstrate that melanoma cells can cross endothelial monolayers in vitro due to the induction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 occurring during the co-culture of melanoma and endothelial cells. Our data further suggest a role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in the formation of melanoma cell clumps enhancing tumor cell transmigration. Conclusion Melanoma-endothelial cell co-culture induces LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression, thereby favoring in vitro melanoma trans-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ghislin
- Team Regulation des Reponses Immunitaires, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75205, France
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Zhang X, Wang B, O’Callaghan P, Hjertström E, Jia J, Gong F, Zcharia E, Nilsson LNG, Lannfelt L, Vlodavsky I, Lindahl U, Li JP. Heparanase overexpression impairs inflammatory response and macrophage-mediated clearance of amyloid-β in murine brain. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 124:465-78. [PMID: 22692572 PMCID: PMC3444710 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-0997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is typically observed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, as well as after traumatic injury and pathogen infection. Resident immune cells, microglia and astrocytes, are activated and joined by blood-borne monocytes that traverse the blood–brain barrier and convert into activated macrophages. The activated cells express various cytokines, chemokines and proteolytic enzymes. To study the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in neuroinflammation, we employed a transgenic mouse overexpressing heparanase, an endoglucuronidase that specifically degrades heparan sulfate side chains. Neuroinflammation was induced by systemic challenge with lipopolysaccharide, or by localized cerebral microinjection of aggregated amyloid-β peptide, implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Lipopolysaccharide-treated control mice showed massive activation of resident microglia as well as recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages into the brain parenchyma. Microinjection of aggregated amyloid-β elicited a similar inflammatory response, albeit restricted to the injection site, which led to dispersion and clearance of the amyloid. In the heparanase-overexpressing mice, all aspects of immune cell recruitment and activation were significantly attenuated in both inflammation models, as was amyloid dispersion. Accordingly, an in vitro blood–brain barrier model constructed from heparanase-overexpressing cerebral vascular cells showed impaired transmigration of monocytes compared to a corresponding assembly of control cells. Our data indicate that intact heparan sulfate chains are required at multiple sites to mediate neuroinflammatory responses, and further point to heparanase as a modulator of this process, with potential implications for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Xiao X, Cheng CY, Mruk DD. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is a regulator of blood-testis barrier function. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5677-89. [PMID: 22976294 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the movement of preleptotene/leptotene spermatocytes across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) during spermatogenesis is not well understood largely owing to the fact that the BTB, unlike most other blood-tissue barriers, is composed of several co-existing and co-functioning junction types. In the present study, we show that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1, a Sertoli and germ cell adhesion protein having five immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, in addition to transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains] is a regulator of BTB integrity. Initial experiments showed ICAM-1 to co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize with tight junction and basal ectoplasmic specialization proteins such as occludin and N-cadherin, which contribute to BTB function. More importantly, overexpression of ICAM-1 in Sertoli cells in vitro enhanced barrier function when monitored by transepithelial electrical resistance measurements, illustrating that ICAM-1-mediated adhesion can promote BTB integrity. On the other hand, overexpression of a truncated form of ICAM-1 that consisted only of the five Ig-like domains (sICAM-1; this form of ICAM-1 is known to be secreted) elicited an opposite effect when Sertoli cell barrier function was found to be perturbed in vitro; in this case, sICAM-1 overexpression resulted in the downregulation of several BTB constituent proteins, which was probably mediated by Pyk2/p-Pyk2-Y402 and c-Src/p-Src-Y530. These findings were expanded to the in vivo level when BTB function was found to be disrupted following sICAM-1 overexpression. These data illustrate the existence of a unique mechanism in the mammalian testis where ICAM-1 can either positively or negatively regulate BTB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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100
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Expression and regulation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule in human retinal vascular endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2012; 104:89-93. [PMID: 22940369 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM; CD166) is an immunoglobulin superfamily member that has been described in several non-ocular endothelial populations, but not in relation to endothelium within the eye. Studies in extraocular systems have implicated ALCAM in angiogenesis and leukocyte transendothelial migration, which are key processes in retinal vascular diseases. We investigated the expression of ALCAM in human retinal endothelium, and studied the regulation of expression by established angiogenic and inflammatory stimuli. Retinal endothelial expression of ALCAM was detected in primary retinal endothelial cultures isolated from human cadavers by RT-PCR (n = 4 donors) and Western blot (n = 4 donors), and in intact human retina by immunohistochemistry (n = 3 donors). In the 4 donors studied by RT-PCR, transcript encoding the truncated soluble isoform, sALCAM, was also detected. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR demonstrated significant up-regulation of ALCAM and sALCAM in response to stimulation with master cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. However, general inflammatory stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the prototype Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17A, respectively, did not impact ALCAM or sALCAM expression. In contrast, expression of ALCAM was significantly up-regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)(165). Up-regulation in the presence of VEGF and TNF-α, but not LPS, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A, suggests a potential role for ALCAM in human retinal angiogenesis in some settings.
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