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Zingoni A, Fionda C, Borrelli C, Cippitelli M, Santoni A, Soriani A. Natural Killer Cell Response to Chemotherapy-Stressed Cancer Cells: Role in Tumor Immunosurveillance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1194. [PMID: 28993779 PMCID: PMC5622151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells that actively prevent neoplastic development, growth, and metastatic dissemination in a process called cancer immunosurveillance. An equilibrium between immune control and tumor growth is maintained as long as cancer cells evade immunosurveillance. Therapies designed to kill cancer cells and to simultaneously sustain host antitumor immunity are an appealing strategy to control tumor growth. Several chemotherapeutic agents, depending on which drugs and doses are used, give rise to DNA damage and cancer cell death by means of apoptosis, immunogenic cell death, or other forms of non-apoptotic death (i.e., mitotic catastrophe, senescence, and autophagy). However, it is becoming increasingly clear that they can trigger additional stress responses. Indeed, relevant immunostimulating effects of different therapeutic programs include also the activation of pathways able to promote their recognition by immune effector cells. Among stress-inducible immunostimulating proteins, changes in the expression levels of NK cell-activating and inhibitory ligands, as well as of death receptors on tumor cells, play a critical role in their detection and elimination by innate immune effectors, including NK cells. Here, we will review recent advances in chemotherapy-mediated cellular stress pathways able to stimulate NK cell effector functions. In particular, we will address how these cytotoxic lymphocytes sense and respond to different types of drug-induced stresses contributing to anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Borrelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,Neuromed I.R.C.C.S. - Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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52
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Ciaglia E, Laezza C, Abate M, Pisanti S, Ranieri R, D'alessandro A, Picardi P, Gazzerro P, Bifulco M. Recognition by natural killer cells of N6-isopentenyladenosine-treated human glioma cell lines. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:176-190. [PMID: 28884474 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell stress induced by cytotoxic agents promotes antitumor immune response. Here, we observed that N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), an isoprenoid modified adenosine with a well established anticancer activity, was able to induce a significant upregulation of cell surface expression of natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor NK Group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands on glioma cells in vitro and xenografted in vivo. Specifically suboptimal doses of iPA (0.1 and 1 µM) control the selective upregulation of UL16-binding protein 2 on p53wt-expressing U343MG and that of MICA/B on p53mut-expressing U251MG cells. This event made the glioblastoma cells a potent target for NK cell-mediated recognition through a NKG2D restricted mechanism. p53 siRNA-mediated knock-down and pharmacological inhibition (pifithrin-α), profoundly prevented the iPA action in restoring the immunogenicity of U343MG cells through a mechanism that is dependent upon p53 status of malignancy. Furthermore, accordingly to the preferential recognition of senescent cells by NK cells, we found that iPA treatment was critical for glioma cells entry in premature senescence through the induction of S and G2/M phase arrest. Collectively, our results indicate that behind the well established cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effects, iPA can also display an immune-mediated antitumor activity. The indirect engagement of the innate immune system and its additional activity in primary derived patient's glioma cell model (GBM17 and GBM37), fully increase its translational relevance and led to the exploitation of the isoprenoid pathway for a valid therapeutic intervention in antiglioma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi Salerno, Italy
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi Salerno, Italy
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Ranieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi Salerno, Italy
| | - Alba D'alessandro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Picardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano Salerno, Italy.,Axxam Spa OpenZone - via A. Meucci, Bresso, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano Salerno, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi Salerno, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini, Naples, Italy
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53
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Molfetta R, Quatrini L, Santoni A, Paolini R. Regulation of NKG2D-Dependent NK Cell Functions: The Yin and the Yang of Receptor Endocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081677. [PMID: 28767057 PMCID: PMC5578067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural-killer receptor group 2, member D (NKG2D) is a well characterized natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor that recognizes several ligands poorly expressed on healthy cells but up-regulated upon stressing stimuli in the context of cancer or viral infection. Although NKG2D ligands represent danger signals that render target cells more susceptible to NK cell lysis, accumulating evidence demonstrates that persistent exposure to ligand-expressing cells causes the decrease of NKG2D surface expression leading to a functional impairment of NKG2D-dependent NK cell functions. Upon ligand binding, NKG2D is internalized from the plasma membrane and sorted to lysosomes for degradation. However, receptor endocytosis is not only a mechanism of receptor clearance from the cell surface, but is also required for the proper activation of signalling events leading to the functional program of NK cells. This review is aimed at providing a summary of current literature relevant to the molecular mechanisms leading to NKG2D down-modulation with particular emphasis given to the role of NKG2D endocytosis in both receptor degradation and signal propagation. Examples of chronic ligand-induced down-regulation of NK cell activating receptors other than NKG2D, including natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM1) and CD16, will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Pan J, Shen J, Si W, Du C, Chen D, Xu L, Yao M, Fu P, Fan W. Resveratrol promotes MICA/B expression and natural killer cell lysis of breast cancer cells by suppressing c-Myc/miR-17 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65743-65758. [PMID: 29029468 PMCID: PMC5630368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA and MICB) are important ligands for recognition of tumor cells by immune effector cells. Here, we report that resveratrol upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of MICA and MICB in breast cancer cells, which in turn promoted breast cancer cell lysis by natural killer (NK) cells in vitro and in vivo. Antibodies against NK group 2 member D blocked this effect. The 3'-untranslated regions of MICA and MICB were found to be direct binding targets of miR-17. MICA and MICB expression increased or decreased in breast cancer cells transfected with a miR-17 inhibitor or mimic, respectively. C-Myc overexpression/knockdown increased/decreased transcription of the miR-17-92 cluster host gene. Resveratrol suppressed c-Myc expression, which inhibited the transcription of miR-17-92 cluster, thereby downregulating miR-17. MiR-17 expression correlated inversely with MICA and MICB expression and overall survival in two sets of breast cancer specimens. Resveratrol thus upregulates MICA and MICB by suppressing the c-Myc/miR-17 pathway in breast cancer cells, and increases the cytolysis of breast cancer cells by NK cells. This suggests resveratrol has the potential to promote antitumor immune responses in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wengong Si
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chengyong Du
- Breast Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Danni Chen
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Minya Yao
- Breast Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Peifen Fu
- Breast Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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55
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Linking tumor glycolysis and immune evasion in cancer: Emerging concepts and therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:212-220. [PMID: 28400131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are two hallmarks of cancer. Metabolic reprogramming is exemplified by cancer's propensity to utilize glucose at an exponential rate which in turn is linked with "aerobic glycolysis", popularly known as the "Warburg effect". Tumor glycolysis is pivotal for the efficient management of cellular bioenergetics and uninterrupted cancer growth. Mounting evidence suggests that tumor glycolysis also plays a key role in instigating immunosuppressive networks that are critical for cancer cells to escape immune surveillance ("immune evasion"). Recent data show that induction of cellular stress or metabolic dysregulation sensitize cancer cells to antitumor immune cells implying that metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion harmonize during cancer progression. However, the molecular link between these two hallmarks of cancer remains obscure. In this review the molecular intricacies of tumor glycolysis that facilitate immune evasion has been discussed in the light of recent research to explore immunotherapeutic potential of targeting cancer metabolism.
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56
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Wang Z, Liao K, Zuo W, Liu X, Qiu Z, Gong Z, Liu C, Zeng Q, Qian Y, Jiang L, Bu Y, Hong S, Hu G. Depletion of NFBD1/MDC1 Induces Apoptosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Through the p53-ROS-Mitochondrial Pathway. Oncol Res 2017; 25:123-136. [PMID: 28081741 PMCID: PMC7840771 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14732772150226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NFBD1, a signal amplifier of the p53 pathway, is vital for protecting cells from p53-mediated apoptosis and the early phase of DNA damage response under normal culture conditions. Here we investigated its expression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and we describe the biological functions of the NFBD1 gene. We found that NFBD1 mRNA and protein were more highly expressed in NPC tissues than in nontumorous tissues. To investigate the function of NFBD1, we created NFBD1-depleted NPC cell lines that exhibited decreased cellular proliferation and colony formation, an increase in their rate of apoptosis, and an enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents compared with in vitro controls. However, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and downregulation of p53 expression could partially reverse the apoptosis caused by the loss of NFBD1. Further analysis showed that loss of NFBD1 resulted in increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) depending on p53, which subsequently triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Using a xenograft model in nude mice, we showed that silencing NFBD1 also significantly inhibited tumor growth and led to apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of NFBD1 in NPC could be therapeutically useful.
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57
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Ganapathy-Kanniappan S. Taming Tumor Glycolysis and Potential Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2017; 7:36. [PMID: 28348977 PMCID: PMC5346534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion and deregulation of energy metabolism play a pivotal role in cancer progression. Besides the coincidence in their historical documentation and concurrent recognition as hallmarks of cancer, both immune evasion and metabolic deregulation may be functionally linked as well. For example, the metabolic phenotype, particularly tumor glycolysis (aerobic glycolysis), impacts the tumor microenvironment (TME), which in turn acts as a major barrier for successful targeting of cancer by antitumor immune cells and other therapeutics. Similarly, in the light of recent research, it has been known that some of the immune sensitive antigens that are downregulated in cancer may also be restored or induced by cellular/metabolic stress. For instance, cancer cells downregulate the cell surface ligands such as MHC class I chain-related (MIC) protein-(A/B) that are normally upregulated in disease/pathological conditions. Noteworthy, the MHC class I chain-related protein A and B (MIC-A/B) are recognized by natural killer (NK) cells for immune elimination. Interestingly, MIC-A/B is stress inducible as demonstrated by oxidative stress and other cellular-stress factors. Consequently, stimulation of metabolic stress has also been shown to sensitize cancer cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Taken together, data from recent reports imply that dysregulation of tumor glycolysis could facilitate induction of immune sensitive surface ligands leading to increased efficacy of antitumor immunotherapeutics. Nonetheless, dysregulated tumor glycolysis may also impact the TME and alter it from acidic, low pH into a therapeutically desirable TME that can enhance the effective infiltration of antitumor immune cells. In this mini-review, targeting tumor glycolysis has been discussed to evaluate its potential implications to enhance and/or facilitate anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugasundaram Ganapathy-Kanniappan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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58
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Hu J, Bernatchez C, Zhang L, Xia X, Kleinerman ES, Hung MC, Hwu P, Li S. Induction of NKG2D Ligands on Solid Tumors Requires Tumor-Specific CD8 + T Cells and Histone Acetyltransferases. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:300-311. [PMID: 28223282 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NKG2D-mediated immune surveillance is crucial for inhibiting tumor growth and metastases. Malignant tumor cells often downregulate NKG2D ligands to escape from immune surveillance. High-profile studies have shown that restoring NKG2D ligand expression via genetic engineering inhibits tumor formation and progression. However, no effective in vivo approaches are available to restore these ligands across different types of solid tumors because the classic stress signal-dependent induction of this ligand in vitro is transient and has rarely been duplicated in solid tumors in vivo We found that coadministration of an immune stimulatory signal (IL12) and chemotherapy (doxorubicin) restored the NKG2D ligand Rae-1 in multiple tumor types, including a human tumor model. The restored expression of NKG2D ligands was associated with tumor cell death and delay of tumor progression in vivo Induction of tumor-specific NKG2D ligands required the engagement of CD8+ T cells and was regulated by the histone acetyltransferases GCN5 and PCAF. The tumor-specific restoration of NKG2D ligands in a variety of tumor models, including a human tumor model, resulted in NKG2D-dependent tumor regression and extended survival time. The elucidation of a CD8+ T cell-dependent mechanism suggests that activated NKG2D+CD8+ T-cell therapy alone may be able to restore the NKG2D ligand in tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(4); 300-11. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugenie S Kleinerman
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center of Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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59
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Molfetta R, Zitti B, Santoni A, Paolini R. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers modulate NK cell-mediated recognition and killing of damaged cells. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2017.4.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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60
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Soriani A, Borrelli C, Ricci B, Molfetta R, Zingoni A, Fionda C, Carnevale S, Abruzzese MP, Petrucci MT, Ricciardi MR, La Regina G, Di Cesare E, Lavia P, Silvestri R, Paolini R, Cippitelli M, Santoni A. p38 MAPK differentially controls NK activating ligands at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level on multiple myeloma cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1264564. [PMID: 28197392 PMCID: PMC5283620 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1264564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate the expression of the NKG2D and DNAM-1 activating ligands are only partially known, but it is now widely established that their expression is finely regulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level, and involve numerous stress pathways depending on the type of ligand, stressor, and cell context. We show that treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells with sub-lethal doses of Vincristine (VCR), an anticancer drug that inhibits the assembly of microtubules, stimulates the expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 activating ligands, rendering these cells more susceptible to NK cell-mediated killing. Herein, we focused our attention on the identification of the signaling pathways leading to de novo surface expression of ULBP-1, and to MICA and PVR upregulation on VCR-treated MM cells, both at protein and mRNA levels. We found that p38MAPK differentially regulates drug-dependent ligand upregulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. More specifically, we observed that ULBP-1 expression is attributable to both increased transcriptional activity mediated by ATM-dependent p53 activation, and enhanced mRNA stability; while the p38-activated E2F1 transcription factor regulates MICA and PVR mRNA expression. All together, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized activity of VCR as anticancer agent, and indicate that in addition to its established ability to arrest cell growth, VCR can also modulate the expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 activating ligand on tumor cells and thus promoting NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Borrelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Abruzzese
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies-Isituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Di Cesare
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies-Isituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuromed I.R.C.C.S.-Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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61
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Abruzzese MP, Bilotta MT, Fionda C, Zingoni A, Soriani A, Vulpis E, Borrelli C, Zitti B, Petrucci MT, Ricciardi MR, Molfetta R, Paolini R, Santoni A, Cippitelli M. Inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins increases NKG2D ligand MICA expression and sensitivity to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma cells: role of cMYC-IRF4-miR-125b interplay. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:134. [PMID: 27903272 PMCID: PMC5131470 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-cancer immune responses may contribute to the control of tumors after conventional chemotherapy, and different observations have indicated that chemotherapeutic agents can induce immune responses resulting in cancer cell death and immune-stimulatory side effects. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence highlight the importance of natural killer (NK) cells in immune responses toward multiple myeloma (MM), and combination therapies able to enhance the activity of NK cells against MM are showing promise in treating this hematologic cancer. The epigenetic readers of acetylated histones bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are critical regulators of gene expression. In cancer, they can upregulate transcription of key oncogenes such as cMYC, IRF4, and BCL-2. In addition, the activity of these proteins can regulate the expression of osteoclastogenic cytokines during cancer progression. Here, we investigated the effect of BET bromodomain protein inhibition, on the expression of NK cell-activating ligands in MM cells. Methods Five MM cell lines [SKO-007(J3), U266, RPMI-8226, ARP-1, JJN3] and CD138+ MM cells isolated from MM patients were used to investigate the activity of BET bromodomain inhibitors (BETi) (JQ1 and I-BET151) and of the selective BRD4-degrader proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) (ARV-825), on the expression and function of several NK cell-activating ligands (NKG2DLs and DNAM-1Ls), using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, transient transfections, and degranulation assays. Results Our results indicate that inhibition of BET proteins via small molecule inhibitors or their degradation via a hetero-bifunctional PROTAC probe can enhance the expression of MICA, a ligand of the NKG2D receptor, in human MM cell lines and primary malignant plasma cells, rendering myeloma cells more efficient to activate NK cell degranulation. Noteworthy, similar results were obtained using selective CBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibition. Mechanistically, we found that BETi-mediated inhibition of cMYC correlates with the upregulation of miR-125b-5p and the downregulation of the cMYC/miR-125b-5p target gene IRF4, a transcriptional repressor of MICA. Conclusions These findings provide new insights on the immuno-mediated antitumor activities of BETi and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms that regulate NK cell-activating ligand expression in MM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0362-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Abruzzese
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bilotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vulpis
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Borrelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science @ Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Hematology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy. .,Istituto Mediterraneo di Neuroscienze Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Pasteur Italia Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Morelli MB, Amantini C, Santoni M, Soriani A, Nabissi M, Cardinali C, Santoni A, Santoni G. Axitinib induces DNA damage response leading to senescence, mitotic catastrophe, and increased NK cell recognition in human renal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36245-59. [PMID: 26474283 PMCID: PMC4742174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) including axitinib have been introduced in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) because of their anti-angiogenic properties. However, no evidence are presently available on a direct cytotoxic anti-tumor activity of axitinib in RCC. Herein we reported by western blot analysis that axitinib treatment induces a DNA damage response (DDR) initially characterized by γ-H2AX phosphorylation and Chk1 kinase activation and at later time points by p21 overexpression in A-498 and Caki-2 RCC cells although with a different potency. Analysis by immunocytochemistry for the presence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine in cellular DNA and flow cytometry using the redox-sensitive fluorescent dye DCFDA, demonstrated that DDR response is accompanied by the presence of oxidative DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This response leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and induces a senescent-like phenotype accompanied by enlargement of cells and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, which are abrogated by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) pre-treatment. In addition, axitinib-treated cells undergo to cell death through mitotic catastrophe characterized by micronucleation and abnormal microtubule assembly as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. On the other hand, axitinib, through the DDR induction, is also able to increase the surface NKG2D ligand expression. Accordingly, drug treatment promotes NK cell recognition and degranulation in A-498 RCC cells in a ROS-dependent manner. Collectively, our results indicate that both cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects on RCC cells can contribute to axitinib anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Cardinali
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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63
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Pignoloni B, Fionda C, Dell'Oste V, Luganini A, Cippitelli M, Zingoni A, Landolfo S, Gribaudo G, Santoni A, Cerboni C. Distinct Roles for Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate Early Proteins IE1 and IE2 in the Transcriptional Regulation of MICA and PVR/CD155 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4066-4078. [PMID: 27733551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elimination of virus-infected cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes is triggered by activating receptors, among which NKG2D and DNAM-1/CD226 play an important role. Their ligands, that is, MHC class I-related chain (MIC) A/B and UL16-binding proteins (ULBP)1-6 (NKG2D ligand), Nectin-2/CD112, and poliovirus receptor (PVR)/CD155 (DNAM-1 ligand), are often induced on virus-infected cells, although some viruses, including human CMV (HCMV), can block their expression. In this study, we report that infection of different cell types with laboratory or low-passage HCMV strains upregulated MICA, ULBP3, and PVR, with NKG2D and DNAM-1 playing a role in NK cell-mediated lysis of infected cells. Inhibition of viral DNA replication with phosphonoformic acid did not prevent ligand upregulation, thus indicating that early phases of HCMV infection are involved in ligand increase. Indeed, the major immediate early (IE) proteins IE1 and IE2 stimulated the expression of MICA and PVR, but not ULBP3. IE2 directly activated MICA promoter via its binding to an IE2-responsive element that we identified within the promoter and that is conserved among different alleles of MICA. Both IE proteins were instead required for PVR upregulation via a mechanism independent of IE DNA binding activity. Finally, inhibiting IE protein expression during HCMV infection confirmed their involvement in ligand increase. We also investigated the contribution of the DNA damage response, a pathway activated by HCMV and implicated in ligand regulation. However, silencing of ataxia telangiectasia mutated, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein, and DNA-dependent protein kinase did not influence ligand expression. Overall, these data reveal that MICA and PVR are directly regulated by HCMV IE proteins, and this may be crucial for the onset of an early host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Pignoloni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; and
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00162 Rome, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123 Turin, Italy; and
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00162 Rome, Italy; .,Mediterranean Neurological Institute-Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
| | - Cristina Cerboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00162 Rome, Italy;
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Molfetta R, Quatrini L, Zitti B, Capuano C, Galandrini R, Santoni A, Paolini R. Regulation of NKG2D Expression and Signaling by Endocytosis. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:790-802. [PMID: 27667711 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NKG2D is an activating receptor that can bind to a large number of stress-induced ligands that are expressed in the context of cancer or viral infection. This receptor is expressed on many cytotoxic lymphocytes, and plays a crucial role in antitumor and antiviral immune responses. However, exposure to NKG2D ligand-expressing target cells promotes receptor endocytosis, ultimately leading to lysosomal receptor degradation and impairment of NKG2D-mediated functions. Interestingly, before being degraded, internalized receptors can signal from the endosomal compartment, leading to the appropriate activation of cellular functional programs. This review summarizes recent findings on ligand-induced receptor internalization, with particular emphasis on the role of endocytosis in the control of both NKG2D-mediated intracellular signaling and receptor degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy; Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Wood WA, Krishnamurthy J, Mitin N, Torrice C, Parker JS, Snavely AC, Shea TC, Serody JS, Sharpless NE. Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Transplantation Increase p16 INK4a Expression, a Biomarker of T-cell Aging. EBioMedicine 2016; 11:227-238. [PMID: 27591832 PMCID: PMC5049997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of markers of cellular senescence increases exponentially in multiple tissues with aging. Age-related physiological changes may contribute to adverse outcomes in cancer survivors. To investigate the impact of high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation on senescence markers in vivo, we collected blood and clinical data from a cohort of 63 patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. The expression of p16INK4a, a well-established senescence marker, was determined in T-cells before and 6 months after transplant. RNA sequencing was performed on paired samples from 8 patients pre- and post-cancer therapy. In patients undergoing allogeneic transplant, higher pre-transplant p16INK4a expression was associated with a greater number of prior cycles of chemotherapy received (p = 0.003), prior autologous transplantation (p = 0.01) and prior exposure to alkylating agents (p = 0.01). Transplantation was associated with a marked increase in p16INK4a expression 6 months following transplantation. Patients receiving autologous transplant experienced a larger increase in p16INK4a expression (3.1-fold increase, p = 0.002) than allogeneic transplant recipients (1.9-fold increase, p = 0.0004). RNA sequencing of T-cells pre- and post- autologous transplant or cytotoxic chemotherapy demonstrated increased expression of transcripts associated with cellular senescence and physiological aging. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, especially alkylating agents, and stem cell transplantation strongly accelerate expression of a biomarker of molecular aging in T-cells. Peripheral blood T-cell senescence, as measured by the marker p16INK4a, increases following autologous or allogeneic HSCT. RNAseq of T-cells post- auto HSCT or chemotherapy show increased expression of transcripts associated with senescence. Autologous HCT in particular induces a stronger effect on Tcell p16INK4a expression than any other environmental stimulus tested to date.
Human chronological aging is associated with increased expression of markers of cellular aging (senescence). Cancer chemotherapy can produce frailty syndromes – recipients of cancer treatment may experience physiological changes ordinarily seen in individuals of more advanced chronological age. In our study, we found that a well-known marker of cellular senescence, p16INK4a, increased in patients following autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Expression of p16INK4a was higher in patients exposed to greater amounts of chemotherapy before transplant and those exposed to specific types of chemotherapy. These findings may ultimately influence clinical decision-making for patients with diseases that are commonly treated with transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Wood
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janakiraman Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalia Mitin
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chad Torrice
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna C Snavely
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Shea
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Department of Medicine, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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66
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Antonangeli F, Soriani A, Ricci B, Ponzetta A, Benigni G, Morrone S, Bernardini G, Santoni A. Natural killer cell recognition of in vivo drug-induced senescent multiple myeloma cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1218105. [PMID: 27853638 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1218105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of tumor cells by the immune system is a key step in cancer eradication. Melphalan is an alkylating agent routinely used in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but at therapeutic doses it leads to an immunosuppressive state due to lymphopenia. Here, we used a mouse model of MM to investigate the ability of in vivo treatment with low doses of melphalan to modulate natural killer (NK) cell activity, which have been shown to play a major role in the control of MM growth. Melphalan treatment was able to enhance the surface expression of the stress-induced NKG2D ligands RAE-1 and MULT-1, and of the DNAM-1 ligand PVR (CD155) on MM cells, leading to better tumor cell recognition and killing by NK cells, as highlighted by NK cell increased degranulation triggered by melphalan-treated tumor cells. Remarkably, NK cell population was not affected by the melphalan dose used, but rather displayed activation features as indicated by CD107a and CD69 expression. Furthermore, we showed that low doses of melphalan fail to induce tumor cell apoptosis, but promote the in vivo establishment of a senescent tumor cell population, harboring high levels of the stress-induced ligands RAE-1 and PVR. Taken together our data support the concept of using chemotherapy in order to boost antitumor innate immune responses and report the possibility to induce cellular senescence of tumor cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Benigni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Morrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli IS, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli IS, Italy
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67
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CBP/p300 acetyltransferases regulate the expression of NKG2D ligands on tumor cells. Oncogene 2016; 36:933-941. [PMID: 27477692 PMCID: PMC5318661 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor surveillance of natural killer (NK) cells is mediated by the cytotoxicity receptor natural-killer group 2 member D (NKG2D). Ligands for NKG2D are generally not expressed on healthy cells, but induced on the surface of malignant cells. To date, NKG2D ligand (NKG2D-L) induction was mainly described to depend on the activation of the DNA damage response, although the molecular mechanisms that regulate NKG2D-L expression remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the acetyltransferases CBP (CREB-binding protein) and p300 play a crucial role in the regulation of NKG2D-L on tumor cells. Loss of CBP/p300 decreased the basal cell surface expression of human ligands and reduced the upregulation of MICA/B and ULBP2 in response to histone deacetylase inhibitors or DNA damage. Furthermore, CBP/P300 deficiency abrogated the sensitivity of stressed cells to NK cell-mediated killing. CBP/p300 were also identified as major regulators of mouse NKG2D ligand RAE-1 in vitro and in vivo using the Eμ-Myc lymphoma model. Mechanistically, we observed an enhanced activation of the CBP/p300 binding transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) correlating to the NKG2D-L upregulation. Moreover, increased binding of CREB and CBP/p300 to NKG2D-L promoters and elevated histone acetylation were detectable. This study provides strong evidence for a major role of CBP and p300 in orchestrating NKG2D-L induction and consequently immunosurveillance of tumors in mice and humans. These findings might help to develop novel immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer.
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The human antibody fragment DIATHIS1 specific for CEACAM1 enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity against melanoma cell lines in vitro. J Immunother 2016; 38:357-70. [PMID: 26448580 PMCID: PMC4605278 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Several lines of evidence show that de novo expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is strongly associated with reduced disease-free survival of patients affected by metastatic melanoma. Previously published investigations report that homophilic interactions between CEACAM1 expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and tumors inhibit the NK cell-mediated killing independently of major histocompatibility complex class I recognition. This biological property can be physiologically relevant in metastatic melanoma because of the increased CEACAM1 expression observed on NK cells from some patients. Moreover, this inhibitory mechanism in many cases might hinder the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments of CEACAM1+ malignancies because of tumor evasion by activated effector cells. In the present study, we designed an in vitro experimental model showing that the human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) DIATHIS1 specific for CEACAM1 is able to enhance the lytic machinery of NK cells against CEACAM1+ melanoma cells. The coincubation of the scFv DIATHIS1 with CEACAM1+ melanoma cells and NK-92 cell line significantly increases the cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, pretreatment of melanoma cells with scFv DIATHIS1 promotes the activation and the degranulation capacity of in vitro–expanded NK cells from healthy donors. It is interesting to note that the melanoma cell line MelC and the primary melanoma cells STA that respond better to DIATHIS1 treatment, express higher relative levels of CEACAM1-3L and CEACAM1-3S splice variants isoforms compared with Mel501 cells that are less responsive to DIATHIS1-induced NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that the fully human antibody fragment DIATHIS1 originated by biopanning approach from a phage antibody library may represent a relevant biotechnological platform to design and develop completely human antimelanoma therapeutics of biological origin.
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Mavragani IV, Laskaratou DA, Frey B, Candéias SM, Gaipl US, Lumniczky K, Georgakilas AG. Key mechanisms involved in ionizing radiation-induced systemic effects. A current review. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:12-33. [PMID: 30090323 PMCID: PMC6061884 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00222b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms respond to physical, chemical and biological threats by a potent inflammatory response, aimed at preserving tissue integrity and restoring tissue homeostasis and function. Systemic effects in an organism refer to an effect or phenomenon which originates at a specific point and can spread throughout the body affecting a group of organs or tissues. Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced systemic effects arise usually from a local exposure of an organ or part of the body. This stress induces a variety of responses in the irradiated cells/tissues, initiated by the DNA damage response and DNA repair (DDR/R), apoptosis or immune response, including inflammation. Activation of this IR-response (IRR) system, especially at the organism level, consists of several subsystems and exerts a variety of targeted and non-targeted effects. Based on the above, we believe that in order to understand this complex response system better one should follow a 'holistic' approach including all possible mechanisms and at all organization levels. In this review, we describe the current status of knowledge on the topic, as well as the key molecules and main mechanisms involved in the 'spreading' of the message throughout the body or cells. Last but not least, we discuss the danger-signal mediated systemic immune effects of radiotherapy for the clinical setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia V Mavragani
- Physics Department , School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences , National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) , Zografou 15780 , Athens , Greece . ; ; Tel: +30-210-7724453
| | - Danae A Laskaratou
- Physics Department , School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences , National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) , Zografou 15780 , Athens , Greece . ; ; Tel: +30-210-7724453
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital Erlangen , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Serge M Candéias
- iRTSV-LCBM , CEA , Grenoble F-38000 , France
- IRTSV-LCBM , CNRS , Grenoble F-38000 , France
- iRTSV-LCBM , Univ. Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble F-38000 , France
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital Erlangen , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department , School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences , National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) , Zografou 15780 , Athens , Greece . ; ; Tel: +30-210-7724453
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Immunosurveillance and immunotherapy of tumors by innate immune cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:52-8. [PMID: 26686774 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for innate immune effector cells in tumor surveillance. Natural killer (NK) cells and myeloid cells represent the two main subsets of innate immune cells possessing efficient but quite different tumor suppressive abilities. Here, we describe the germline-encoded NK cell receptors that play a role in suppressing tumor development and describe briefly the cellular pathways leading to the upregulation of their ligands in tumor cells. We also describe mechanisms underlying the elimination of tumor cells by macrophages and a recently characterized mechanism dedicated to sensing cytosolic DNA that is implicated in antitumor immune responses.
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71
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Gowen BG, Chim B, Marceau CD, Greene TT, Burr P, Gonzalez JR, Hesser CR, Dietzen PA, Russell T, Iannello A, Coscoy L, Sentman CL, Carette JE, Muljo SA, Raulet DH. A forward genetic screen reveals novel independent regulators of ULBP1, an activating ligand for natural killer cells. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26565589 PMCID: PMC4629278 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system is crucial for limiting tumor growth. Natural killer (NK) cells become activated when the receptor NKG2D is engaged by ligands that are frequently upregulated in primary tumors and on cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms driving NKG2D ligand expression on tumor cells are not well defined. Using a forward genetic screen in a tumor-derived human cell line, we identified several novel factors supporting expression of the NKG2D ligand ULBP1. Our results show stepwise contributions of independent pathways working at multiple stages of ULBP1 biogenesis. Deeper investigation of selected hits from the screen showed that the transcription factor ATF4 drives ULBP1 gene expression in cancer cell lines, while the RNA-binding protein RBM4 supports ULBP1 expression by suppressing a novel alternatively spliced isoform of ULBP1 mRNA. These findings offer insight into the stress pathways that alert the immune system to danger. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08474.001 Cancer is caused by a series of mutations that result in uncontrolled cell growth and division. Yet, the body's immune system can often detect and destroy abnormal cells before they cause tumors and disease. Natural killer cells are part of the immune system and have receptors on their surface that allow them to tell the difference between healthy host cells and host cells that are stressed or abnormal. Some of these receptors activate the natural killer cells when they bind to their target molecules. Other receptors have the opposite effect and inhibit the natural killer cells. Activation occurs when the signaling from the activating receptors is stronger than the signals from the inhibitory receptors. One of the well-studied activating receptors recognizes a number of proteins and molecules that are produced by abnormal or tumor cells, including a protein called ULBP1. This protein is absent from the surface of healthy cells but is found in abundance on tumor cells. However, it is still not clear what drives tumor cells to produce ULBP1 (or other molecules) that are recognized by natural killer cell receptors. Now, Gowen et al. report on a genetic screen that has revealed numerous genes that regulate the levels of ULBP1 in human cells. Many of these genes had independent effects that when added together accounted for most of the ULBP1 present on the cell surface. Gowen et al. then explored some of the ‘regulators’ encoded by these genes in more detail. One called ATF4, which had previously been linked to stress responses, was shown to increase the expression of the gene for ULBP1 in cancer cells. Another regulator called RBM4 instead acted in a different way and at a later stage in ULBP1 production. All together, these findings offer insight into the stress pathways that alert the immune system to abnormal cells. The next challenge will be investigating how these pathways might be exploited for cancer immunotherapy. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08474.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Gowen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Bryan Chim
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, United States
| | - Caleb D Marceau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Trever T Greene
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Patrick Burr
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jeanmarie R Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Charles R Hesser
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Peter A Dietzen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Teal Russell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Alexandre Iannello
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Charles L Sentman
- Center for Synthetic Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, United States
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, United States
| | - David H Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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72
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Fionda C, Abruzzese MP, Zingoni A, Cecere F, Vulpis E, Peruzzi G, Soriani A, Molfetta R, Paolini R, Ricciardi MR, Petrucci MT, Santoni A, Cippitelli M. The IMiDs targets IKZF-1/3 and IRF4 as novel negative regulators of NK cell-activating ligands expression in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:23609-30. [PMID: 26269456 PMCID: PMC4695140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have potent anti-tumor activities in multiple myeloma (MM) and are able to enhance the cytotoxic function of natural killer (NK) cells, important effectors of the immune response against MM. Here, we show that these drugs can enhance the expression of the NKG2D and DNAM-1 activating receptor ligands MICA and PVR/CD155 in human MM cell lines and primary malignant plasma cells. Depletion of cereblon (CRBN) by shRNA interference strongly impaired upregulation of these ligands and, more interestingly, IMiDs/CRBN-mediated downregulation of the transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1), Aiolos (IKZF3) and IRF4 was critical for these regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, shRNA knockdown of IKZF1 or IKZF3 expression was both necessary and sufficient for the upregulation of MICA and PVR/CD155 expression, suggesting that these transcription factors can repress these genes; accordingly, the direct interaction and the negative role of IKZF1 and IKZF3 proteins on MICA and PVR/CD155 promoters were demonstrated. Finally, MICA expression was enhanced in IRF4-silenced cells, indicating a specific suppressive role of this transcription factor on MICA gene expression in MM cells.Taken together, these findings describe novel molecular pathways involved in the regulation of MICA and PVR/CD155 gene expression and identify the transcription factors IKZF-1/IKZF-3 and IRF4 as repressors of these genes in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Abruzzese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cecere
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vulpis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, CLNS@Sapienza, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Mediterraneo di Neuroscienze Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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73
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La Regina G, Bai R, Coluccia A, Famiglini V, Pelliccia S, Passacantilli S, Mazzoccoli C, Ruggieri V, Verrico A, Miele A, Monti L, Nalli M, Alfonsi R, Di Marcotullio L, Gulino A, Ricci B, Soriani A, Santoni A, Caraglia M, Porto S, Da Pozzo E, Martini C, Brancale A, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Vultaggio S, Varasi M, Mercurio C, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Hamel E, Lavia P, Silvestri R. New Indole Tubulin Assembly Inhibitors Cause Stable Arrest of Mitotic Progression, Enhanced Stimulation of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activity, and Repression of Hedgehog-Dependent Cancer. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5789-807. [PMID: 26132075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We designed 39 new 2-phenylindole derivatives as potential anticancer agents bearing the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl moiety with a sulfur, ketone, or methylene bridging group at position 3 of the indole and with halogen or methoxy substituent(s) at positions 4-7. Compounds 33 and 44 strongly inhibited the growth of the P-glycoprotein-overexpressing multi-drug-resistant cell lines NCI/ADR-RES and Messa/Dx5. At 10 nM, 33 and 44 stimulated the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. At 20-50 nM, 33 and 44 arrested >80% of HeLa cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, with stable arrest of mitotic progression. Cell cycle arrest was followed by cell death. Indoles 33, 44, and 81 showed strong inhibition of the SAG-induced Hedgehog signaling activation in NIH3T3 Shh-Light II cells with IC50 values of 19, 72, and 38 nM, respectively. Compounds of this class potently inhibited tubulin polymerization and cancer cell growth, including stimulation of natural killer cell cytotoxic activity and repression of Hedgehog-dependent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Regina
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ruoli Bai
- ‡Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Famiglini
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- §Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Passacantilli
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- ∥Laboratorio di Ricerca Pre-Clinica e Traslazionale, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Via Padre Pio 1, I-85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- ∥Laboratorio di Ricerca Pre-Clinica e Traslazionale, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Via Padre Pio 1, I-85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- ⊥Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Miele
- ⊥Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ludovica Monti
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romina Alfonsi
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy.,∇Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Gulino
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- #Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- ⊥Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, I-00185 Roma, Italy.,#Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- ○Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Porto
- ○Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via S.M. Costantinopoli 16, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Da Pozzo
- ◆Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- ◆Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Brancale
- ¶Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- §Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- §Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Mario Varasi
- △European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, I-20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- ☆DAC SRL, Genextra Group, Via Adamello 16, I-20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Bigogno
- ▲APHAD Srl, Via della Resistanza 65, I-20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Giulio Dondio
- ▲APHAD Srl, Via della Resistanza 65, I-20090 Buccinasco, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- ‡Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- ⊥Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- †Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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74
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NKG2D and DNAM-1 Ligands: Molecular Targets for NK Cell-Mediated Immunotherapeutic Intervention in Multiple Myeloma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:178698. [PMID: 26161387 PMCID: PMC4486747 DOI: 10.1155/2015/178698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A pivotal strategy to improve NK cell-mediated antitumor activity involves the upregulation of activating ligands on tumor cells. Enhancement of NK cell-mediated recognition of multiple myeloma cells was reported by us and others showing increased surface expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands on tumor cells following treatment with a number of chemotherapeutic agents, such as genotoxic drugs or inhibitors of proteasome, histone deacetylases, GSK3, and HSP-90. These compounds have the capability to affect tumor survival but also to activate specific transduction pathways associated with the upregulation of different NK cell activating ligands on the tumor cells. Here, we will summarize and discuss the molecular pathways whereby these drugs can regulate the expression of NK cell activating ligands in multiple myeloma cells.
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75
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Zingoni A, Cecere F, Vulpis E, Fionda C, Molfetta R, Soriani A, Petrucci MT, Ricciardi MR, Fuerst D, Amendola MG, Mytilineos J, Cerboni C, Paolini R, Cippitelli M, Santoni A. Genotoxic Stress Induces Senescence-Associated ADAM10-Dependent Release of NKG2D MIC Ligands in Multiple Myeloma Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:736-48. [PMID: 26071561 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic stress can promote antitumor NK cell responses by upregulating the surface expression of activating ligands on cancer cells. Moreover, a number of studies suggested a role for soluble NK group 2D ligands in the impairment of NK cell tumor recognition and killing. We investigated whether genotoxic stress could promote the release of NK group 2D ligands (MHC class I-related chain [MIC]A and MICB), as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this event in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Our results show that genotoxic agents used in the therapy of MM (i.e., doxorubicin and melphalan) selectively affect the shedding of MIC molecules that are sensitive to proteolytic cleavage, whereas the release of the short MICA*008 allele, which is frequent in the white population, is not perturbed. In addition, we found that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 expression is upregulated upon chemotherapeutic treatment both in patient-derived CD138(+)/CD38(+) plasma cells and in several MM cell lines, and we demonstrate a crucial role for this sheddase in the proteolytic cleavage of MIC by means of silencing and pharmacological inhibition. Interestingly, the drug-induced upregulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 on MM cells is associated with a senescent phenotype and requires generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the combined use of chemotherapeutic drugs and metalloproteinase inhibitors enhances NK cell-mediated recognition of MM cells, preserving MIC molecules on the cell surface and suggesting that targeting of metalloproteinases in conjunction with chemotherapy could be exploited for NK cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches, thus contributing to avoid the escape of malignant cells from stress-elicited immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy;
| | - Francesca Cecere
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vulpis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Fuerst
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm of the German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; and
| | | | - Joannis Mytilineos
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm of the German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg-Hessen, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Cristina Cerboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy; Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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76
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Amin PJ, Shankar BS. Sulforaphane induces ROS mediated induction of NKG2D ligands in human cancer cell lines and enhances susceptibility to NK cell mediated lysis. Life Sci 2015; 126:19-27. [PMID: 25721293 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study is to investigate the tumor cytotoxic effects of sulforaphane (SFN) and ionizing radiation (IR) as well as their ability to up-regulate natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands and modulate the susceptibility of tumor cells to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing. MAIN METHODS Expression of MHC class I-related chain molecules A and B (MICA/MICB) and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by flow cytometry following labeling with appropriate dyes or antibodies. NK cell cytotoxicity was determined by calcein release of target cells. KEY FINDINGS The expression of NKG2D ligands MICA/MICB was found to vary in all the four tumor cell lines tested (MCF7 < A549 < MDA-MB-231 < U937). Exposure of these cells to IR and SFN resulted in a differential induction of these ligands. IR induced an increase in expression of MICA/MICB in MCF7 cells and SFN induced MICA/MICB expression in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. This SFN induced increase in receptor expression resulted in increased susceptibility to NK cell mediated killing of tumor cells which was abrogated by blocking with anti-MICA/MICB antibody. SFN induced increase in MICA/MICB expression as well as increased susceptibility to NK cell mediated killing was abrogated by N-acetyl cysteine in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells suggesting a ROS mediated mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that SFN has an immunotherapeutic potential to be used in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayag J Amin
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Bhavani S Shankar
- Immunology Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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77
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Fionda C, Abruzzese MP, Zingoni A, Soriani A, Ricci B, Molfetta R, Paolini R, Santoni A, Cippitelli M. Nitric oxide donors increase PVR/CD155 DNAM-1 ligand expression in multiple myeloma cells: role of DNA damage response activation. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:17. [PMID: 25609078 PMCID: PMC4311457 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) is an activating receptor constitutively expressed by macrophages/dendritic cells and by T lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells, having an important role in anticancer responses; in this regard, combination therapies able to enhance the expression of DNAM-1 ligands on tumor cells are of therapeutic interest. In this study, we investigated the effect of different nitric oxide (NO) donors on the expression of the DNAM-1 ligand Poliovirus Receptor/CD155 (PVR/CD155) in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods Six MM cell lines, SKO-007(J3), U266, OPM-2, RPMI-8226, ARK and LP1 were used to investigate the activity of different nitric oxide donors [DETA-NO and the NO-releasing prodrugs NCX4040 (NO-aspirin) and JS-K] on the expression of PVR/CD155, using Flow Cytometry and Real-Time PCR. Western-blot and specific inhibitors were employed to investigate the role of soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP and activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). Results Our results indicate that increased levels of nitric oxide can upregulate PVR/CD155 cell surface and mRNA expression in MM cells; in addition, exposure to nitric oxide donors renders myeloma cells more efficient to activate NK cell degranulation and enhances their ability to trigger NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We found that activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase and increased cGMP concentrations by nitric oxide is not involved in the up-regulation of ligand expression. On the contrary, treatment of MM cells with nitric oxide donors correlated with the activation of a DNA damage response pathway and inhibition of the ATM /ATR/Chk1/2 kinase activities by specific inhibitors significantly abrogates up-regulation. Conclusions The present study provides evidence that regulation of the PVR/CD155 DNAM-1 ligand expression by nitric oxide may represent an additional immune-mediated mechanism and supports the anti-myeloma activity of nitric oxide donors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1023-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Abruzzese
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Istituto Mediterraneo di Neuroscienze Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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