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Lacroix M, Riscal R, Arena G, Linares LK, Le Cam L. Metabolic functions of the tumor suppressor p53: Implications in normal physiology, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Mol Metab 2020; 33:2-22. [PMID: 31685430 PMCID: PMC7056927 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TP53 gene is one of the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in human cancers. p53 functions during cancer progression have been linked to a variety of transcriptional and non-transcriptional activities that lead to the tight control of cell proliferation, senescence, DNA repair, and cell death. However, converging evidence indicates that p53 also plays a major role in metabolism in both normal and cancer cells. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide an overview of the current knowledge on the metabolic activities of wild type (WT) p53 and highlight some of the mechanisms by which p53 contributes to whole body energy homeostasis. We will also pinpoint some evidences suggesting that deregulation of p53-associated metabolic activities leads to human pathologies beyond cancer, including obesity, diabetes, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS p53 is activated when cells are metabolically challenged but the origin, duration, and intensity of these stresses will dictate the outcome of the p53 response. p53 plays pivotal roles both upstream and downstream of several key metabolic regulators and is involved in multiple feedback-loops that ensure proper cellular homeostasis. The physiological roles of p53 in metabolism involve complex mechanisms of regulation implicating both cell autonomous effects as well as autocrine loops. However, the mechanisms by which p53 coordinates metabolism at the organismal level remain poorly understood. Perturbations of p53-regulated metabolic activities contribute to various metabolic disorders and are pivotal during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lacroix
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Romain Riscal
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, INSERM U1030, Villejuif, France
| | - Laetitia Karine Linares
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Equipe labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, France.
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Martínez J, Marmisolle I, Tarallo D, Quijano C. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Dynamics in Secretion Processes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:319. [PMID: 32528413 PMCID: PMC7256191 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretion is an energy consuming process that plays a relevant role in cell communication and adaptation to the environment. Among others, endocrine cells producing hormones, immune cells producing cytokines or antibodies, neurons releasing neurotransmitters at synapsis, and more recently acknowledged, senescent cells synthesizing and secreting multiple cytokines, growth factors and proteases, require energy to successfully accomplish the different stages of the secretion process. Calcium ions (Ca2+) act as second messengers regulating secretion in many of these cases. In this setting, mitochondria appear as key players providing ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, buffering Ca2+ concentrations and acting as structural platforms. These tasks also require the concerted actions of the mitochondrial dynamics machinery. These proteins mediate mitochondrial fusion and fission, and are also required for transport and tethering of mitochondria to cellular organelles where the different steps of the secretion process take place. Herein we present a brief overview of mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and the different steps of the secretion processes, along with evidence of the interaction between these pathways. We also analyze the role of mitochondria in secretion by different cell types in physiological and pathological settings.
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Boccardi V, Mecocci P. The Importance of Cellular Senescence in Frailty and Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1216:79-86. [PMID: 31894549 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33330-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex clinical syndrome, progressively described in the last thirty years, resulting from multiple impairments across many organs and systems and characterized by a reduction in physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors, as well. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a common health problem in very old populations. Age-related changes occur throughout the body and in all organs, including the cardiovascular system. Cellular senescence links age-related CVDs and frailty by many mechanisms of particular interest in the aging biology and geriatric syndromes. Cellular senescence may represent the pivotal factor with its senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) leading to systemic inflammation. In this context, SASP may represent the key element in the association between aging, frailty and the development of age-related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Boccardi
- Department of Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Department of Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
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Sabbatinelli J, Prattichizzo F, Olivieri F, Procopio AD, Rippo MR, Giuliani A. Where Metabolism Meets Senescence: Focus on Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1523. [PMID: 31920721 PMCID: PMC6930181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the decline in their proliferative potential, senescent cells display a high metabolic activity. Senescent cells have been shown to acquire a more glycolytic state even in presence of high oxygen levels, in a way similar to cancer cells. The diversion of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, away from oxidative phosphorylation results in an altered bioenergetic state and may occur as a response to the enhanced oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. This metabolic shift leads to increased AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios, to the subsequent AMPK activation, and ultimately to p53-mediated growth arrest. Mounting evidences suggest that metabolic reprogramming is critical to direct considerable amounts of energy toward specific activities related to the senescent state, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the modulation of immune responses within senescent cell tissue microenvironment. Interestingly, despite the relative abundance of oxygen in the vascular compartment, healthy endothelial cells (ECs) produce most of their ATP content from the anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate. Their high glycolytic rate further increases during senescence. Alterations in EC metabolism have been identified in age-related diseases (ARDs) associated with a dysfunctional vasculature, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, higher production of reactive oxygen species deriving from a variety of enzymatic sources, including uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the electron transport chain, causes DNA damage and activates the NAD+-consuming enzymes polyADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). These non-physiological mechanisms drive the impairment of the glycolytic flux and the diversion of glycolytic intermediates into many pathological pathways. Of note, accumulation of senescent ECs has been reported in the context of ARDs. Through their pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor, and prothrombotic activities, they negatively impact on vascular physiology, promoting both the onset and development of ARDs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular senescence-related metabolic changes and their contribution to the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ARDs, with a particular focus on ECs. Moreover, current and potential interventions aimed at modulating EC metabolism, in order to prevent or delay ARD onset, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Tonnessen-Murray CA, Frey WD, Rao SG, Shahbandi A, Ungerleider NA, Olayiwola JO, Murray LB, Vinson BT, Chrisey DB, Lord CJ, Jackson JG. Chemotherapy-induced senescent cancer cells engulf other cells to enhance their survival. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3827-3844. [PMID: 31530580 PMCID: PMC6829672 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In chemotherapy-treated breast cancer, wild-type p53 preferentially induces senescence over apoptosis, resulting in a persisting cell population constituting residual disease that drives relapse and poor patient survival via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Understanding the properties of tumor cells that allow survival after chemotherapy treatment is paramount. Using time-lapse and confocal microscopy to observe interactions of cells in treated tumors, we show here that chemotherapy-induced senescent cells frequently engulf both neighboring senescent or nonsenescent tumor cells at a remarkable frequency. Engulfed cells are processed through the lysosome and broken down, and cells that have engulfed others obtain a survival advantage. Gene expression analysis showed a marked up-regulation of conserved macrophage-like program of engulfment in chemotherapy-induced senescent cell lines and tumors. Our data suggest compelling explanations for how senescent cells persist in dormancy, how they manage the metabolically expensive process of cytokine production that drives relapse in those tumors that respond the worst, and a function for their expanded lysosomal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley D Frey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sonia G Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ashkan Shahbandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Nathan A Ungerleider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Joy O Olayiwola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lucas B Murray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | | | - James G Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Gorgoulis V, Adams PD, Alimonti A, Bennett DC, Bischof O, Bishop C, Campisi J, Collado M, Evangelou K, Ferbeyre G, Gil J, Hara E, Krizhanovsky V, Jurk D, Maier AB, Narita M, Niedernhofer L, Passos JF, Robbins PD, Schmitt CA, Sedivy J, Vougas K, von Zglinicki T, Zhou D, Serrano M, Demaria M. Cellular Senescence: Defining a Path Forward. Cell 2019; 179:813-827. [PMID: 31675495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1580] [Impact Index Per Article: 316.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell state implicated in various physiological processes and a wide spectrum of age-related diseases. Recently, interest in therapeutically targeting senescence to improve healthy aging and age-related disease, otherwise known as senotherapy, has been growing rapidly. Thus, the accurate detection of senescent cells, especially in vivo, is essential. Here, we present a consensus from the International Cell Senescence Association (ICSA), defining and discussing key cellular and molecular features of senescence and offering recommendations on how to use them as biomarkers. We also present a resource tool to facilitate the identification of genes linked with senescence, SeneQuest (available at http://Senequest.net). Lastly, we propose an algorithm to accurately assess and quantify senescence, both in cultured cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Peter D Adams
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Dorothy C Bennett
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Oliver Bischof
- Laboratory of Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Inserm U993, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cleo Bishop
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Manuel Collado
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Eiji Hara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diana Jurk
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - João F Passos
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité - University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Kepler University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - John Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marco Demaria
- University of Groningen (RUG), European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Novoa B, Pereiro P, López‐Muñoz A, Varela M, Forn‐Cuní G, Anchelin M, Dios S, Romero A, Martinez‐López A, Medina‐Gali RM, Collado M, Coll J, Estepa A, Cayuela ML, Mulero V, Figueras A. Rag1 immunodeficiency-induced early aging and senescence in zebrafish are dependent on chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13020. [PMID: 31348603 PMCID: PMC6718522 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) plays a crucial role in adaptive immunity, generating a vast range of immunoglobulins. Rag1−/− zebrafish (Danio rerio) are viable and reach adulthood without obvious signs of infectious disease in standard nonsterile conditions, suggesting that innate immunity could be enhanced to compensate for the lack of adaptive immunity. By using microarray analysis, we confirmed that the expression of immunity‐ and apoptosis‐related genes was increased in the rag1−/− fish. This tool also allows us to notice alterations of the DNA repair and cell cycle mechanisms in rag1−/− zebrafish. Several senescence and aging markers were analyzed. In addition to the lower lifespan of rag1−/− zebrafish compared to their wild‐type (wt) siblings, rag1−/− showed a higher incidence of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, a greater amount of phosphorylated histone H2AX, oxidative stress and decline of the antioxidant mechanisms, an upregulated expression and activity of senescence‐related genes and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase, respectively, diminished telomere length, and abnormal self‐renewal and repair capacities in the retina and liver. Metabolomic analysis also demonstrated clear differences between wt and rag1−/− fish, as was the deficiency of the antioxidant metabolite l‐acetylcarnitine (ALCAR) in rag1−/− fish. Therefore, Rag1 activity does not seem to be limited to V(D)J recombination but is also involved in senescence and aging. Furthermore, we confirmed the senolytic effect of ABT‐263, a known senolytic compound and, for the first time, the potential in vivo senolytic activity of the antioxidant agent ALCAR, suggesting that this metabolite is essential to avoid premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Patricia Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Azucena López‐Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Mónica Varela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Gabriel Forn‐Cuní
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Monique Anchelin
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Sonia Dios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Alicia Martinez‐López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) Elche Spain
| | - Regla María Medina‐Gali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) Elche Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) SERGAS Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Julio Coll
- Departamento de Biotecnología Instituto Nacional Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Madrid Spain
| | - Amparo Estepa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) Elche Spain
| | - María Luisa Cayuela
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
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Mitofusins modulate the increase in mitochondrial length, bioenergetics and secretory phenotype in therapy-induced senescent melanoma cells. Biochem J 2019; 476:2463-2486. [PMID: 31431479 PMCID: PMC6735661 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an endpoint of chemotherapy, and targeted therapies in melanoma and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can affect tumor growth and microenvironment, influencing treatment outcomes. Metabolic interventions can modulate the SASP, and an enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism supports resistance to therapy in melanoma cells. Herein, we assessed the mitochondrial function of therapy-induced senescent melanoma cells obtained after exposing the cells to temozolomide (TMZ), a methylating chemotherapeutic agent. Senescence induction in melanoma was accompanied by a substantial increase in mitochondrial basal, ATP-linked, and maximum respiration rates and in coupling efficiency, spare respiratory capacity, and respiratory control ratio. Further examinations revealed an increase in mitochondrial mass and length. Alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology were confirmed in isolated senescent cells, obtained by cell-size sorting. An increase in mitofusin 1 and 2 (MFN1 and 2) expression and levels was observed in senescent cells, pointing to alterations in mitochondrial fusion. Silencing mitofusin expression with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) prevented the increase in mitochondrial length, oxygen consumption rate and secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a component of the SASP, in melanoma senescent cells. Our results represent the first in-depth study of mitochondrial function in therapy-induced senescence in melanoma. They indicate that senescence increases mitochondrial mass, length and energy metabolism; and highlight mitochondria as potential pharmacological targets to modulate senescence and the SASP.
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60
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Luo Y, Huang X, Yang J, Huang L, Li R, Wu Q, Jiang X. Proteomics analysis of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4-inhibited cellular growth of HEK293 cells. J Proteomics 2019; 207:103445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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61
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Chan KT, Blake S, Zhu H, Kang J, Trigos AS, Madhamshettiwar PB, Diesch J, Paavolainen L, Horvath P, Hannan RD, George AJ, Sanij E, Hannan KM, Simpson KJ, Pearson RB. A functional genetic screen defines the AKT-induced senescence signaling network. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:725-741. [PMID: 31285545 PMCID: PMC7205866 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exquisite regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling is essential for homeostatic control of cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Aberrant activation of this signaling network is an early driver of many sporadic human cancers. Paradoxically, sustained hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway in nontransformed cells results in cellular senescence, which is a tumor-suppressive mechanism that must be overcome to promote malignant transformation. While oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) driven by excessive RAS/ERK signaling has been well studied, little is known about the mechanisms underpinning the AKT-induced senescence (AIS) response. Here, we utilize a combination of transcriptome and metabolic profiling to identify key signatures required to maintain AIS. We also employ a whole protein-coding genome RNAi screen for AIS escape, validating a subset of novel mediators and demonstrating their preferential specificity for AIS as compared with OIS. As proof of concept of the potential to exploit the AIS network, we show that neurofibromin 1 (NF1) is upregulated during AIS and its ability to suppress RAS/ERK signaling facilitates AIS maintenance. Furthermore, depletion of NF1 enhances transformation of p53-mutant epithelial cells expressing activated AKT, while its overexpression blocks transformation by inducing a senescent-like phenotype. Together, our findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into the control of AIS and identify putative senescence regulators that can potentially be targeted, with implications for new therapeutic options to treat PI3K/AKT/mTORC1-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keefe T Chan
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shaun Blake
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haoran Zhu
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian Kang
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna S Trigos
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Piyush B Madhamshettiwar
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeannine Diesch
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lassi Paavolainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Horvath
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amee J George
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine M Hannan
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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62
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Patil P, Falabella M, Saeed A, Lee D, Kaufman B, Shiva S, Croix CS, Van Houten B, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Lee J, Gwendolyn S, Vo NV. Oxidative stress-induced senescence markedly increases disc cell bioenergetics. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 180:97-106. [PMID: 31002926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a phenotype characterized by irreversible growth arrest, chronic elevated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix proteases, a phenomenon known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Biomarkers of cellular senescence have been shown to increase with age and degeneration of human disc tissue. Senescent disc cells in culture recapitulate features associated with age-related disc degeneration, including increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix proteases, and fragmentation of matrix proteins. However, little is known of the metabolic changes that underlie the senescent phenotype of disc cells. To assess the metabolic changes, we performed a bioenergetic analysis of in vitro oxidative stress-induced senescent (SIS) human disc cells. SIS disc cells acquire SASP and exhibit significantly elevated mitochondrial content and mitochondrial ATP-linked respiration. The metabolic changes appear to be driven by the upregulated protein secretion in SIS cells as abrogation of protein synthesis using cycloheximide decreased mitochondrial ATP-linked respiration. Taken together, the results of the study suggest that the increased energy generation state supports the secretion of senescent associated proteins in SIS disc cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanti Patil
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Micol Falabella
- Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Amal Saeed
- Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dayeong Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brett Kaufman
- Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Center for Biological Imaging, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Ben Van Houten
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Research Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sowa Gwendolyn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nam V Vo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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63
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Fafián-Labora J, Carpintero-Fernández P, Jordan SJD, Shikh-Bahaei T, Abdullah SM, Mahenthiran M, Rodríguez-Navarro JA, Niklison-Chirou MV, O'Loghlen A. FASN activity is important for the initial stages of the induction of senescence. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:318. [PMID: 30962418 PMCID: PMC6453932 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in several tissues during ageing and contribute to several pathological processes such as ageing and cancer. Senescence induction is a complex process not well defined yet and is characterized by a series of molecular changes acquired after an initial growth arrest. We found that fatty acid synthase (FASN) levels increase during the induction of senescence in mouse hepatic stellate cells and human primary fibroblasts. Importantly, we also observed a significant increase in FASN levels during ageing in mouse liver tissues. To probe the central role of FASN in senescence induction, we used a small-molecule inhibitor of FASN activity, C75. We found that C75 treatment prevented the induction of senescence in mouse and human senescent cells. Importantly, C75 also reduced the expression of the signature SASP factors interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β and IL-6, and suppressed the secretion of small extracellular vesicles. These findings were confirmed using a shRNA targeting FASN. In addition, we find that FASN inhibition induces metabolic changes in senescent cells. Our work underscores the importance of C75 as a pharmacological inhibitor for reducing the impact of senescent cell accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fafián-Labora
- Epigenetics and Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Paula Carpintero-Fernández
- Epigenetics and Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Samuel James Davison Jordan
- Epigenetics and Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Tamanna Shikh-Bahaei
- Epigenetics and Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sana Mohammad Abdullah
- Epigenetics and Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Midusa Mahenthiran
- Epigenetics and Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - José Antonio Rodríguez-Navarro
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Neurobiología-Investigación. Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Ana O'Loghlen
- Epigenetics and Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK. .,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
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64
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Kim SJ, Chun M, Wan J, Lee C, Yen K, Cohen P. GRSF1 is an age-related regulator of senescence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5546. [PMID: 30944385 PMCID: PMC6447602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells that accumulate in multiple tissues with age are thought to increase pathological phenotypes. The removal of senescent cells can improve lifespan and/or healthspan in mouse models. Global hypomethylation and local hypermethylation in DNA are hallmarks of aging but it is unclear if such age-dependent methylation changes affect specific genes that regulate cellular senescence. Because mitochondria play important roles in aging and senescence, we tested if age-associated methylation changes in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins were involved in regulating cellular senescence. Here, we examined the role of hypermethylation of the G-rich sequence factor 1 (GRSF1) promoter region, a mitochondrial RNA binding protein, in replication- and doxorubicin-induced cellular senescence. GRSF1 expression was lower in senescent fibroblasts, and GRSF1 knockdown induced senescence in human primary fibroblasts. These results suggest that the age-dependent hypermethylation of GRSF1 reduces its expression, which can potentially contribute to cellular senescence during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Maria Chun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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65
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Mikalayeva V, Ceslevičienė I, Sarapinienė I, Žvikas V, Skeberdis VA, Jakštas V, Bordel S. Fatty Acid Synthesis and Degradation Interplay to Regulate the Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061348. [PMID: 30889783 PMCID: PMC6471536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both cytosolic fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) have been shown to play a role in the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. This study aimed to confirm experimentally whether FAS and FAO coexist in breast cancer cells (BCC). By feeding cells with 13C-labeled glutamine and measuring labeling patterns of TCA intermediates, it was possible to show that part of the cytosolic acetyl-CoA used in lipid synthesis is also fed back into the mitochondrion via fatty acid degradation. This results in the transfer of reductive potential from the cytosol (in the form of NADPH) to the mitochondrion (in the form of NADH and FADH2). The hypothesized mechanism was further confirmed by blocking FAS and FAO with siRNAs. Exposure to staurosporine (which induces ROS production) resulted in the disruption of simultaneous FAS and FAO, which could be explained by NADPH depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeryia Mikalayeva
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ieva Ceslevičienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ieva Sarapinienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Vaidotas Žvikas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | | | - Valdas Jakštas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Sergio Bordel
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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66
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Cadenas C, Vosbeck S, Edlund K, Grgas K, Madjar K, Hellwig B, Adawy A, Glotzbach A, Stewart JD, Lesjak MS, Franckenstein D, Claus M, Hayen H, Schriewer A, Gianmoena K, Thaler S, Schmidt M, Micke P, Pontén F, Mardinoglu A, Zhang C, Käfferlein HU, Watzl C, Frank S, Rahnenführer J, Marchan R, Hengstler JG. LIPG-promoted lipid storage mediates adaptation to oxidative stress in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:901-915. [PMID: 30653260 PMCID: PMC6618071 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (LIPG) is a cell surface associated lipase that displays phospholipase A1 activity towards phosphatidylcholine present in high‐density lipoproteins (HDL). LIPG was recently reported to be expressed in breast cancer and to support proliferation, tumourigenicity and metastasis. Here we show that severe oxidative stress leading to AMPK activation triggers LIPG upregulation, resulting in intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in breast cancer cells, which supports survival. Neutralizing oxidative stress abrogated LIPG upregulation and the concomitant lipid storage. In human breast cancer, high LIPG expression was observed in a limited subset of tumours and was significantly associated with shorter metastasis‐free survival in node‐negative, untreated patients. Moreover, expression of PLIN2 and TXNRD1 in these tumours indicated a link to lipid storage and oxidative stress. Altogether, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for LIPG in enabling oxidative stress‐induced lipid droplet accumulation in tumour cells that protects against oxidative stress, and thus supports tumour progression. What's new? Endothelial lipase (LIPG), a cell surface‐associated lipase with multifaceted roles, is expressed on breast cancer cells, but its molecular function and clinical relevance remain unknown. Here the authors uncover a link between oxidative stress and LIPG upregulation and show that high LIPG expression is associated with shorter metastasis‐free survival in women with node‐negative breast cancer. The authors speculate that LIPG may favor metastasis by enabling stress adaptation through lipid droplet formation and protection of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Vosbeck
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Grgas
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Madjar
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Birte Hellwig
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alshaimaa Adawy
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annika Glotzbach
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joanna D Stewart
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michaela S Lesjak
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dennis Franckenstein
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maren Claus
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Schriewer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gianmoena
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Thaler
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Tridomus C, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heiko U Käfferlein
- Center of Toxicology, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz-Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
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67
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The dynamic nature of senescence in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:94-101. [PMID: 30602768 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is implicated in physiological and pathological processes spanning development, wound healing, age-related decline in organ functions and cancer. Here, we discuss cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous properties of senescence in the context of tumour formation and anticancer therapy, and characterize these properties, such as reprogramming into stemness, tissue remodelling and immune crosstalk, as far more dynamic than suggested by the common view of senescence as an irreversible, static condition.
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68
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Abstract
Senescent cells display altered metabolic signatures that can either be causal for aspects the senescent phenotype, or act as biomarkers for senescence. Steady state levels of multiple metabolites change with senescence, and can be detected using analytical methods. Here, we describe a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for detecting altered metabolites from cultured senescent cells.
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69
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Lipid accumulation facilitates mitotic slippage-induced adaptation to anti-mitotic drug treatment. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:109. [PMID: 30510774 PMCID: PMC6258763 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant lipid accumulation is a hallmark of cancer known to contribute to its aggressiveness and malignancy. Emerging studies have demonstrated context-dependent changes in lipid metabolism during chemotherapy. However, there is little known regarding the mechanisms linking lipid metabolism to chemotherapy-induced cell fates. Here, we describe lipid accumulation in cells following antimitotic drug treatment. Cells arrested in mitosis, as well as cells that escaped mitotic arrest and underwent mitotic slippage, showed elevated cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Interestingly, we found that TOFA, a lipid biosynthesis inhibitor that targets acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and blocks lipid accumulation, promoted early slippage, reduced cellular stress and enhanced survival of antimitotic-treated cells. Our work previously revealed that cells that survive after mitotic slippage can become senescent and confer pro-tumourigenic effects through paracrine signalling. Modulating lipid biosynthesis in cells post slippage by TOFA amplified their inflammatory secretion profiles and accelerated the development of tumourigenic behaviour, particularly cell migration and invasion, in a paracrine-dependent manner. In contrast to TOFA, inhibition of lipid accumulation by C75, a drug targeting fatty acid synthase (FASN), significantly reduced the production of pro-tumourigenic factors and associated phenotypic effects. This suggests that discrete lipid biosynthesis pathways could contribute differentially to the regulation of pro-tumourigenic inflammation. The divergent effects of TOFA and C75 may be attributed to the opposing regulation of Malonyl-CoA, an intermediate in fatty acid synthesis that serves as a mediator of fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, our data reveal a previously unappreciated role for lipid accumulation in the cellular adaptation to antimitotic drug treatment. Targeting lipid biosynthesis in cells post slippage may reprogramme its secretory profile such that it not only negates tumour-promoting effects, but may also promote anti-tumour inflammation for clearance of post-slippage senescent cells.
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70
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Gurău F, Baldoni S, Prattichizzo F, Espinosa E, Amenta F, Procopio AD, Albertini MC, Bonafè M, Olivieri F. Anti-senescence compounds: A potential nutraceutical approach to healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 46:14-31. [PMID: 29742452 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The desire of eternal youth seems to be as old as mankind. However, the increasing life expectancy experienced by populations in developed countries also involves a significantly increased incidence of the most common age-related diseases (ARDs). Senescent cells (SCs) have been identified as culprits of organismal aging. Their number rises with age and their senescence-associated secretory phenotype fuels the chronic, pro-inflammatory systemic state (inflammaging) that characterizes aging, impairing the regenerative ability of stem cells and increasing the risk of developing ARDs. A variegated class of molecules, including synthetic senolytic compounds and natural compounds contained in food, have been suggested to possess anti-senescence activity. Senolytics are attracting growing interest, and their safety and reliability as anti-senescence drugs are being assessed in human clinical trials. Notably, since SCs spread inflammation at the systemic level through pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory signals, foods rich in polyphenols, which exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, have the potential to be harnessed as "anti-senescence foods" in a nutraceutical approach to healthier aging. We discuss the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich foods in relation to the Mediterranean diet and the dietary habits of long-lived individuals, and examine their ability to modulate bacterial genera in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Gurău
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Baldoni
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Emma Espinosa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- DIMES- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy; Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Forlì, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy.
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71
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Nacarelli T, Azar A, Altinok O, Orynbayeva Z, Sell C. Rapamycin increases oxidative metabolism and enhances metabolic flexibility in human cardiac fibroblasts. GeroScience 2018; 40:10.1007/s11357-018-0030-2. [PMID: 29931650 PMCID: PMC6060207 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of mTOR signaling using rapamycin has been shown to increase lifespan and healthspan in multiple model organisms; however, the precise mechanisms for the beneficial effects of rapamycin remain uncertain. We have previously reported that rapamycin delays senescence in human cells and that enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and protection from mitochondrial stress is one component of the benefit provided by rapamycin treatment. Here, using two models of senescence, replicative senescence and senescence induced by the presence of the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria lamin A mutation, we report that senescence is accompanied by elevated glycolysis and increased oxidative phosphorylation, which are both reduced by rapamycin. Measurements of mitochondrial function indicate that direct mitochondria targets of rapamycin are succinate dehydrogenase and matrix alanine aminotransferase. Elevated activity of these enzymes could be part of complex mechanisms that enable mitochondria to resume their optimal oxidative phosphorylation and resist senescence. This interpretation is supported by the fact that rapamycin-treated cultures do not undergo a premature senescence in response to the replacement of glucose with galactose in the culture medium, which forces a greater reliance on oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, long-term treatment with rapamycin increases expression of the mitochondrial carrier protein UCP2, which facilitates the movement of metabolic intermediates across the mitochondrial membrane. The results suggest that rapamycin impacts mitochondrial function both through direct interaction with the mitochondria and through altered gene expression of mitochondrial carrier proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Azar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Oya Altinok
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Christian Sell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Kim SJ, Mehta HH, Wan J, Kuehnemann C, Chen J, Hu JF, Hoffman AR, Cohen P. Mitochondrial peptides modulate mitochondrial function during cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:1239-1256. [PMID: 29886458 PMCID: PMC6046248 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex cell fate response that is thought to underlie several age-related pathologies. Despite a loss of proliferative potential, senescent cells are metabolically active and produce energy-consuming effectors, including senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). Mitochondria play crucial roles in energy production and cellular signaling, but the key features of mitochondrial physiology and particularly of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs), remain underexplored in senescence responses. Here, we used primary human fibroblasts made senescent by replicative exhaustion, doxorubicin or hydrogen peroxide treatment, and examined the number of mitochondria and the levels of mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial DNA methylation and the mitochondria-encoded peptides humanin, MOTS-c, SHLP2 and SHLP6. Senescent cells showed increased numbers of mitochondria and higher levels of mitochondrial respiration, variable changes in mitochondrial DNA methylation, and elevated levels of humanin and MOTS-c. Humanin and MOTS-c administration modestly increased mitochondrial respiration and selected components of the SASP in doxorubicin-induced senescent cells partially via JAK pathway. Targeting metabolism in senescence cells is an important strategy to reduce SASP production for eliminating the deleterious effects of senescence. These results provide insight into the role of MDPs in mitochondrial energetics and the production of SASP components by senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hemal H. Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Jingcheng Chen
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Andrew R. Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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73
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Sabatino ME, Grondona E, Sosa LDV, Mongi Bragato B, Carreño L, Juarez V, da Silva RA, Remor A, de Bortoli L, de Paula Martins R, Pérez PA, Petiti JP, Gutiérrez S, Torres AI, Latini A, De Paul AL. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial adaptive shift during pituitary tumoral growth. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:41-55. [PMID: 29548793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cellular transformation of normal functional cells to neoplastic ones implies alterations in the cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function in order to provide the bioenergetics and growth requirements for tumour growth progression. Currently, the mitochondrial physiology and dynamic shift during pituitary tumour development are not well understood. Pituitary tumours present endocrine neoplastic benign growth which, in previous reports, we had shown that in addition to increased proliferation, these tumours were also characterized by cellular senescence signs with no indication of apoptosis. Here, we show clear evidence of oxidative stress in pituitary cells, accompanied by bigger and round mitochondria during tumour development, associated with augmented biogenesis and an increased fusion process. An activation of the Nrf2 stress response pathway together with the attenuation of the oxidative damage signs occurring during tumour development were also observed which will probably provide survival advantages to the pituitary cells. These neoplasms also presented a progressive increase in lactate production, suggesting a metabolic shift towards glycolysis metabolism. These findings might imply an oxidative stress state that could impact on the pathogenesis of pituitary tumours. These data may also reflect that pituitary cells can modulate their metabolism to adapt to different energy requirements and signalling events in a pathophysiological situation to obtain protection from damage and enhance their survival chances. Thus, we suggest that mitochondria function, oxidative stress or damage might play a critical role in pituitary tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Sabatino
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Grondona
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana D V Sosa
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bethania Mongi Bragato
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucia Carreño
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Juarez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo A da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aline Remor
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Lucila de Bortoli
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Roberta de Paula Martins
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Pérez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Petiti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutiérrez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia I Torres
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana L De Paul
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Av. Enrique Barros y Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Abstract
Activation of oncogenic signaling paradoxically results in the permanent withdrawal from cell cycle and induction of senescence (oncogene-induced senescence (OIS)). OIS is a fail-safe mechanism used by the cells to prevent uncontrolled tumor growth, and, as such, it is considered as the first barrier against cancer. In order to progress, tumor cells thus need to first overcome the senescent phenotype. Despite the increasing attention gained by OIS in the past 20 years, this field is still rather young due to continuous emergence of novel pathways and processes involved in OIS. Among the many factors contributing to incomplete understanding of OIS are the lack of unequivocal markers for senescence and the complexity of the phenotypes revealed by senescent cells in vivo and in vitro. OIS has been shown to play major roles at both the cellular and organismal levels in biological processes ranging from embryonic development to barrier to cancer progression. Here we will briefly outline major advances in methodologies that are being utilized for induction, identification, and characterization of molecular processes in cells undergoing oncogene-induced senescence. The full description of such methodologies is provided in the corresponding chapters of the book.
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75
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Pharmacological activation of REV-ERBs is lethal in cancer and oncogene-induced senescence. Nature 2018; 553:351-355. [PMID: 29320480 PMCID: PMC5924733 DOI: 10.1038/nature25170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock imposes daily rhythms in cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation and DNA damage response1, 2. Perturbations of these processes are hallmarks of cancer3 and chronic circadian rhythm disruption predisposes to tumor development1, 4. This raises the hypothesis that pharmacological modulation of the circadian machinery may be an effective therapeutic strategy for combatting cancer. The nuclear hormone receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ (REV-ERBs) are essential components of the circadian clock5, 6. Here we show that SR9009 and SR9011, two different agonists of REV-ERBs are specifically lethal to cancer cells and oncogene-induced senescent (OIS) cells, including melanocytic naevi, while having no effect on viability of normal cells or tissues. Anticancer activity of SR9009 and SR9011 affects a number of oncogenic drivers (such as H-RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and others), and persists in the absence of p53 and under hypoxic conditions. The regulation of autophagy and de novo lipogenesis by SR9009 and SR9011 plays a critical role in evoking an apoptotic response in malignant cells. Importantly, the selective anticancer properties of these REV-ERB agonists impair glioblastoma growth in vivo and improve survival without causing any overt toxicity in mice. These results indicate that pharmacological modulation of circadian regulators is an effective novel antitumor strategy, identifying the existence of a previously unknown class of anticancer agents with a wide therapeutic window. We propose that REV-ERB agonists are novel autophagy and de novo lipogenesis inhibitors with selective activity towards malignant and benign neoplasms.
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76
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Theurey P, Pizzo P. The Aging Mitochondria. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010022. [PMID: 29315229 PMCID: PMC5793175 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central event in many pathologies and contributes as well to age-related processes. However, distinguishing between primary mitochondrial dysfunction driving aging and a secondary mitochondrial impairment resulting from other cell alterations remains challenging. Indeed, even though mitochondria undeniably play a crucial role in aging pathways at the cellular and organismal level, the original hypothesis in which mitochondrial dysfunction and production of free radicals represent the main driving force of cell degeneration has been strongly challenged. In this review, we will first describe mitochondrial dysfunctions observed in aged tissue, and how these features have been linked to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)–mediated cell damage and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. We will also discuss the clues that led to consider mitochondria as the starting point in the aging process, and how recent research has showed that the mitochondria aging axis represents instead a more complex and multifactorial signaling pathway. New working hypothesis will be also presented in which mitochondria are considered at the center of a complex web of cell dysfunctions that eventually leads to cell senescence and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Theurey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padova 35121, Italy.
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77
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Goetzman ES, Prochownik EV. The Role for Myc in Coordinating Glycolysis, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glutaminolysis, and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:129. [PMID: 29706933 PMCID: PMC5907532 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
That cancer cells show patterns of metabolism different from normal cells has been known for over 50 years. Yet, it is only in the past decade or so that an appreciation of the benefits of these changes has begun to emerge. Altered cancer cell metabolism was initially attributed to defective mitochondria. However, we now realize that most cancers do not have mitochondrial mutations and that normal cells can transiently adopt cancer-like metabolism during periods of rapid proliferation. Indeed, an encompassing, albeit somewhat simplified, conceptual framework to explain both normal and cancer cell metabolism rests on several simple premises. First, the metabolic pathways used by cancer cells and their normal counterparts are the same. Second, normal quiescent cells use their metabolic pathways and the energy they generate largely to maintain cellular health and organelle turnover and, in some cases, to provide secreted products necessary for the survival of the intact organism. By contrast, undifferentiated cancer cells minimize the latter functions and devote their energy to producing the anabolic substrates necessary to maintain high rates of unremitting cellular proliferation. Third, as a result of the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells, a larger fraction of the metabolic intermediates normally used by quiescent cells purely as a source of energy are instead channeled into competing proliferation-focused and energy-consuming anabolic pathways. Fourth, cancer cell clones with the most plastic and rapidly adaptable metabolism will eventually outcompete their less well-adapted brethren during tumor progression and evolution. This attribute becomes increasingly important as tumors grow and as their individual cells compete in a constantly changing and inimical environment marked by nutrient, oxygen, and growth factor deficits. Here, we review some of the metabolic pathways whose importance has gained center stage for tumor growth, particularly those under the control of the c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein. We discuss how these pathways differ functionally between quiescent and proliferating normal cells, how they are kidnapped and corrupted during the course of transformation, and consider potential therapeutic strategies that take advantage of common features of neoplastic and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Edward V. Prochownik,
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78
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Wang D, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhang F, Sui W, Chen L, Zheng R, Chen X, Wen F, Ouyang HW, Ji J. Apoptotic transition of senescent cells accompanied with mitochondrial hyper-function. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28286-300. [PMID: 27056883 PMCID: PMC5053727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defined as stable cell-cycle arrest, cellular senescence plays an important role in diverse biological processes including tumorigenesis, organismal aging, and embryonic development. Although increasing evidence has documented the metabolic changes in senescent cells, mitochondrial function and its potential contribution to the fate of senescent cells remain largely unknown. Here, using two in vitro models of cellular senescence induced by doxorubicin treatment and prolonged passaging of neonatal human foreskin fibroblasts, we report that senescent cells exhibited high ROS level and augmented glucose metabolic rate concomitant with both morphological and quantitative changes of mitochondria. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarized at late stage of senescent cells which eventually led to apoptosis. Our study reveals that mitochondrial hyper-function contributes to the implementation of cellular senescence and we propose a model in which the mitochondrion acts as the key player in promoting fate-determination in senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Sui
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Wei Ouyang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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79
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Ademowo OS, Dias HKI, Burton DGA, Griffiths HR. Lipid (per) oxidation in mitochondria: an emerging target in the ageing process? Biogerontology 2017; 18:859-879. [PMID: 28540446 PMCID: PMC5684309 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential for physiological processes such as maintaining membrane integrity, providing a source of energy and acting as signalling molecules to control processes including cell proliferation, metabolism, inflammation and apoptosis. Disruption of lipid homeostasis can promote pathological changes that contribute towards biological ageing and age-related diseases. Several age-related diseases have been associated with altered lipid metabolism and an elevation in highly damaging lipid peroxidation products; the latter has been ascribed, at least in part, to mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated ROS formation. In addition, senescent cells, which are known to contribute significantly to age-related pathologies, are also associated with impaired mitochondrial function and changes in lipid metabolism. Therapeutic targeting of dysfunctional mitochondrial and pathological lipid metabolism is an emerging strategy for alleviating their negative impact during ageing and the progression to age-related diseases. Such therapies could include the use of drugs that prevent mitochondrial uncoupling, inhibit inflammatory lipid synthesis, modulate lipid transport or storage, reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and eliminate senescent cells from tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of lipid structure and function, with emphasis on mitochondrial lipids and their potential for therapeutic targeting during ageing and age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Ademowo
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - H K I Dias
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - D G A Burton
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - H R Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
- Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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80
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Tanaka H, Takebayashi SI, Sakamoto A, Igata T, Nakatsu Y, Saitoh N, Hino S, Nakao M. The SETD8/PR-Set7 Methyltransferase Functions as a Barrier to Prevent Senescence-Associated Metabolic Remodeling. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2148-2161. [PMID: 28249161 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible growth arrest that contributes to development, tumor suppression, and age-related conditions. Senescent cells show active metabolism compared with proliferating cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the SETD8/PR-Set7 methyltransferase, which catalyzes mono-methylation of histone H4 at lysine 20 (H4K20me1), suppresses nucleolar and mitochondrial activities to prevent cellular senescence. SETD8 protein was selectively downregulated in both oncogene-induced and replicative senescence. Inhibition of SETD8 alone was sufficient to trigger senescence. Under these states, the expression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins (RPs) and ribosomal RNAs as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p16INK4A was increased, with a corresponding reduction of H4K20me1 at each locus. As a result, the loss of SETD8 concurrently stimulated nucleolar function and retinoblastoma protein-mediated mitochondrial metabolism. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SETD8 acts as a barrier to prevent cellular senescence through chromatin-mediated regulation of senescence-associated metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takebayashi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Akihisa Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomoka Igata
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Noriko Saitoh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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81
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Nacarelli T, Sell C. Targeting metabolism in cellular senescence, a role for intervention. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 455:83-92. [PMID: 27591812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence has gained much attention as a contributor to aging and susceptibility to disease. Senescent cells undergo a stable cell cycle arrest and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, an additional feature of the senescence phenotype is an altered metabolic state. Despite maintaining a non-dividing state, senescent cells display a high metabolic rate. Metabolic changes characteristic of replicative senescence include altered mitochondrial function and perturbations in growth signaling pathways, such as the mTORC1-signaling pathway. Recent evidence has raised the possibility that these metabolic changes may be essential for the induction and maintenance of the senescent state. Interventions such as rapamycin treatment and methionine restriction impact key aspects of metabolism and delay cellular senescence to extend cellular lifespan. Here, we review the metabolic changes and potential metabolic regulators of the senescence program. In addition, we will discuss how lifespan-extending regimens prevent metabolic stress that accompanies and potentially regulates the senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Nacarelli
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Christian Sell
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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82
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Dolivo D, Hernandez S, Dominko T. Cellular lifespan and senescence: a complex balance between multiple cellular pathways. Bioessays 2017; 38 Suppl 1:S33-44. [PMID: 27417120 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201670906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The study of cellular senescence and proliferative lifespan is becoming increasingly important because of the promises of autologous cell therapy, the need for model systems for tissue disease and the implication of senescent cell phenotypes in organismal disease states such as sarcopenia, diabetes and various cancers, among others. Here, we explain the concepts of proliferative cellular lifespan and cellular senescence, and we present factors that have been shown to mediate cellular lifespan positively or negatively. We review much recent literature and present potential molecular mechanisms by which lifespan mediation occurs, drawing from the fields of telomere biology, metabolism, NAD(+) and sirtuin biology, growth factor signaling and oxygen and antioxidants. We conclude that cellular lifespan and senescence are complex concepts that are governed by multiple independent and interdependent pathways, and that greater understanding of these pathways, their interactions and their convergence upon specific cellular phenotypes may lead to viable therapies for tissue regeneration and treatment of age-related pathologies, which are caused by or exacerbated by senescent cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dolivo
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Hernandez
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
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83
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Melanocytic nevi and melanoma: unraveling a complex relationship. Oncogene 2017; 36:5771-5792. [PMID: 28604751 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 33% of melanomas are derived directly from benign, melanocytic nevi. Despite this, the vast majority of melanocytic nevi, which typically form as a result of BRAFV600E-activating mutations, will never progress to melanoma. Herein, we synthesize basic scientific insights and data from mouse models with common observations from clinical practice to comprehensively review melanocytic nevus biology. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which growth arrest is established after BRAFV600E mutation. Means by which growth arrest can be overcome and how melanocytic nevi relate to melanoma are also considered. Finally, we present a new conceptual paradigm for understanding the growth arrest of melanocytic nevi in vivo termed stable clonal expansion. This review builds upon the canonical hypothesis of oncogene-induced senescence in growth arrest and tumor suppression in melanocytic nevi and melanoma.
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84
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Windler C, Gey C, Seeger K. Skin melanocytes and fibroblasts show different changes in choline metabolism during cellular senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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85
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Wu M, Ye H, Shao C, Zheng X, Li Q, Wang L, Zhao M, Lu G, Chen B, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang G, Hao H. Metabolomics-Proteomics Combined Approach Identifies Differential Metabolism-Associated Molecular Events between Senescence and Apoptosis. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2250-2261. [PMID: 28467092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis and senescence are two types of cell fates in response to chemotherapy. Besides canonical pathways that mediate cell fates, cancer cell metabolism has been revealed as a crucial factor affecting cell fate decisions and thus represents a new target for antitumor therapy. Therefore, a comprehensive description of metabolic pathways underlying cell senescence and apoptosis in response to chemotherapy is highly demanded for therapeutic exploitation of both processes. Herein we employed a metabolomics-proteomics combined approach to identify metabolism-associated molecular events that mediate cellular responses to senescence and apoptosis using doxorubicin-treated human breast cancer cells MCF7 as models. Such biomics approach revealed that tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and nucleotide synthesis pathways were significantly upregulated in the senescent model, whereas fatty acid synthesis was reduced. In apoptotic cells, an overall reduced activity of major metabolic pathways was observed except for the arginine and proline pathway. Combinatorially, these data show the utility of biomics in exploring biochemical mechanism-based differences between apoptosis and senescence and reveal an unprecedented finding of the metabolic events that were induced for survival by facilitating ROS elimination and DNA damage repair in senescent cells, while they were downregulated in apoptotic cells when DNA damage was irreparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingran Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gaoyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baoqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and ‡School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
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86
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Metabolic Changes Investigated by Proton NMR Spectroscopy in Cells Undergoing Oncogene-Induced Senescence. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1534:155-163. [PMID: 27812877 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6670-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigating metabolic changes during different organismal or cellular states is of increasing interest. The combination of a data-rich analytical method like mass spectrometry or NMR spectroscopy with a statistical analysis identifies metabolites that are affected by a certain stimulus. Thus, important information on the underlying molecular pathways can be obtained. Here, we describe how to investigate metabolic changes in a model of oncogene-induced senescence. The water-soluble metabolites are isolated by a chloroform-methanol treatment and subsequently analyzed by NMR spectroscopy.
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87
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Mária J, Ingrid Ž. Effects of bioactive compounds on senescence and components of senescence associated secretory phenotypes in vitro. Food Funct 2017; 8:2394-2418. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest that is accompanied by changes in cell morphology and physiology occurringin vitroandin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janubová Mária
- Institute of Medical Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry
- Medical Faculty
- Comenius University
- 813 72 Bratislava
| | - Žitňanová Ingrid
- Institute of Medical Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry
- Medical Faculty
- Comenius University
- 813 72 Bratislava
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88
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James EL, Lane JAE, Michalek RD, Karoly ED, Parkinson EK. Replicatively senescent human fibroblasts reveal a distinct intracellular metabolic profile with alterations in NAD+ and nicotinamide metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38489. [PMID: 27924925 PMCID: PMC5141431 DOI: 10.1038/srep38489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs by proliferative exhaustion (PEsen) or following multiple cellular stresses but had not previously been subject to detailed metabolomic analysis. Therefore, we compared PEsen fibroblasts with proliferating and transiently growth arrested controls using a combination of different mass spectroscopy techniques. PEsen cells showed many specific alterations in both the NAD+ de novo and salvage pathways including striking accumulations of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) in the amidated salvage pathway despite no increase in nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase or in the NR transport protein, CD73. Extracellular nicotinate was depleted and metabolites of the deamidated salvage pathway were reduced but intracellular NAD+ and nicotinamide were nevertheless maintained. However, sirtuin 1 was downregulated and so the accumulation of NMN and NR was best explained by reduced flux through the amidated arm of the NAD+ salvage pathway due to reduced sirtuin activity. PEsen cells also showed evidence of increased redox homeostasis and upregulated pathways used to generate energy and cellular membranes; these included nucleotide catabolism, membrane lipid breakdown and increased creatine metabolism. Thus PEsen cells upregulate several different pathways to sustain their survival which may serve as pharmacological targets for the elimination of senescent cells in age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L James
- Centre for Clinical &Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
| | - James A E Lane
- Centre for Clinical &Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Ryan D Michalek
- Metabolon, Inc. 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Edward D Karoly
- Metabolon, Inc. 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - E Kenneth Parkinson
- Centre for Clinical &Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
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89
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Marmisolle I, Martínez J, Liu J, Mastrogiovanni M, Fergusson MM, Rovira II, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Moreno M, Cao L, Finkel T, Quijano C. Reciprocal regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and senescence in human fibroblasts involves oxidant mediated p38 MAPK activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 613:12-22. [PMID: 27983949 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to explore the fate of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in human fibroblasts exposed to DNA damaging agents capable of inducing senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest. Induction of premature senescence by doxorubicin or hydrogen peroxide led to a decrease in protein and mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in fatty-acid biosynthesis. ACC1 decay accompanied the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), and resulted in decreased lipid synthesis. A reduction in protein and mRNA levels of ACC1 and in lipid synthesis was also observed in human primary fibroblasts that underwent replicative senescence. We also explored the consequences of inhibiting fatty acid synthesis in proliferating non-transformed cells. Using shRNA technology, we knocked down ACC1 in human fibroblasts. Interestingly, this metabolic perturbation was sufficient to arrest proliferation and trigger the appearance of several markers of the DDR and increase senescence associated β-galactosidase activity. Reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase phosphorylation participated in the induction of senescence. Similar results were obtained upon silencing of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression. Together our results point towards a tight coordination of fatty acid synthesis and cell proliferation in human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Marmisolle
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jennyfer Martínez
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María M Fergusson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilsa I Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Castro
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Laboratory for Vaccine Research, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Liu Cao
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Celia Quijano
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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90
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Özcan S, Alessio N, Acar MB, Toprak G, Gönen ZB, Peluso G, Galderisi U. Myeloma cells can corrupt senescent mesenchymal stromal cells and impair their anti-tumor activity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39482-92. [PMID: 26498687 PMCID: PMC4741840 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells secrete several molecules that help to prevent the progression of cancer. However, cancer cells can also misuse these secreted elements to survive and grow. Since the molecular and functional bases of these different elements remain poorly understood, we analyzed the effect of senescent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) secretome on the biology of ARH-77 myeloma cells. In addition to differentiating in mesodermal derivatives, MSCs have sustained interest among researchers by supporting hematopoiesis, contributing to tissue homeostasis, and modulating inflammatory response, all activities accomplished primarily by the secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Moreover, senescence profoundly affects the composition of MSC secretome. In this study, we induced MSC senescence by oxidative stress, DNA damage, and replicative exhaustion. While the first two are considered to induce acute senescence, extensive proliferation triggers replicative (i.e., chronic) senescence. We cultivated cancer cells in the presence of acute and chronic senescent MSC-conditioned media and evaluated their proliferation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and senescence. Our findings revealed that senescent secretomes induced apoptosis or senescence, if not both, to different extents. This anti-tumor activity became heavily impaired when secretomes were collected from senescent cells previously in contact (i.e., primed) with cancer cells. Our analysis of senescent MSC secretomes with LC-MS/MS followed by Gene Ontology classification further indicated that priming with cancer profoundly affected secretome composition by abrogating the production of pro-senescent and apoptotic factors. We thus showed for the first time that compared with cancer-primed MSCs, naïve senescent MSCs can exert different effects on tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servet Özcan
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mustafa Burak Acar
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Güler Toprak
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | | | - Umberto Galderisi
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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91
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Peruzzo P, Comelli M, Di Giorgio E, Franforte E, Mavelli I, Brancolini C. Transformation by different oncogenes relies on specific metabolic adaptations. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2656-2668. [PMID: 27485932 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1215387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptations are emerging as common traits of cancer cells and tumor progression. In vitro transformation of NIH 3T3 cells allows the analysis of the metabolic changes triggered by a single oncogene. In this work, we have compared the metabolic changes induced by H-RAS and by the nuclear resident mutant of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). RAS-transformed cells exhibit a dominant aerobic glycolytic phenotype characterized by up-regulation of glycolytic enzymes, reduced oxygen consumption and a defect in complex I activity. In this model of transformation, glycolysis is strictly required for sustaining the ATP levels and the robust cellular proliferation. By contrast, in HDAC4/TM transformed cells, glycolysis is only modestly up-regulated, lactate secretion is not augmented and, instead, mitochondrial oxygen consumption is increased. Our results demonstrate that cellular transformation can be accomplished through different metabolic adaptations and HDAC4/TM cells can represent a useful model to investigate oncogene-driven metabolic changes besides the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Peruzzo
- a Department of Medical and Biological Sciences , Università degli Studi di Udine , Udine Italy
| | - Marina Comelli
- a Department of Medical and Biological Sciences , Università degli Studi di Udine , Udine Italy
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- a Department of Medical and Biological Sciences , Università degli Studi di Udine , Udine Italy
| | - Elisa Franforte
- a Department of Medical and Biological Sciences , Università degli Studi di Udine , Udine Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- a Department of Medical and Biological Sciences , Università degli Studi di Udine , Udine Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- a Department of Medical and Biological Sciences , Università degli Studi di Udine , Udine Italy
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92
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Abstract
A decline in mitochondrial quality and activity has been associated with normal aging and correlated with the development of a wide range of age-related diseases. Here, we review the evidence that a decline in mitochondria function contributes to aging. In particular, we discuss how mitochondria contribute to specific aspects of the aging process, including cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and the age-dependent decline in stem cell activity. Signaling pathways regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy are also reviewed, with particular emphasis placed on how these pathways might, in turn, regulate longevity. Taken together, these observations suggest that mitochondria influence or regulate a number of key aspects of aging and suggest that strategies directed at improving mitochondrial quality and function might have far-reaching beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard J Youle
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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93
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Rueda-Rincon N, Bloch K, Derua R, Vyas R, Harms A, Hankemeier T, Khan NA, Dehairs J, Bagadi M, Binda MM, Waelkens E, Marine JC, Swinnen JV. p53 attenuates AKT signaling by modulating membrane phospholipid composition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21240-54. [PMID: 26061814 PMCID: PMC4673262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is the central component of a complex network of signaling pathways that protect organisms against the propagation of cells carrying oncogenic mutations. Here we report a previously unrecognized role of p53 in membrane phospholipids composition. By repressing the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, SCD, the enzyme that converts saturated to mono-unsaturated fatty acids, p53 causes a shift in the content of phospholipids with mono-unsaturated acyl chains towards more saturated phospholipid species, particularly of the phosphatidylinositol headgroup class. This shift affects levels of phosphatidylinositol phosphates, attenuates the oncogenic AKT pathway, and contributes to the p53-mediated control of cell survival. These findings expand the p53 network to phospholipid metabolism and uncover a new molecular pathway connecting p53 to AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rueda-Rincon
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Bloch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajesh Vyas
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy Harms
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niamat Ali Khan
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muralidhararao Bagadi
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Mercedes Binda
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Gynécologie, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Center for the Biology of Disease, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven, Belgium
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94
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Wiley CD, Campisi J. From Ancient Pathways to Aging Cells-Connecting Metabolism and Cellular Senescence. Cell Metab 2016; 23:1013-1021. [PMID: 27304503 PMCID: PMC4911819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex stress response that permanently arrests the proliferation of cells at risk for oncogenic transformation. However, senescent cells can also drive phenotypes associated with aging. Although the senescence-associated growth arrest prevents the development of cancer, and the metabolism of cancer cells has been studied in depth, the metabolic causes and consequences of cellular senescence were largely unexplored until recently. New findings reveal key roles for several aspects of cellular metabolism in the establishment and control of senescent phenotypes. These discoveries have important implications for both cancer and aging. In this review, we highlight some of the recent links between metabolism and phenotypes that are commonly associated with senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Wiley
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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95
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Lecot P, Alimirah F, Desprez PY, Campisi J, Wiley C. Context-dependent effects of cellular senescence in cancer development. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1180-4. [PMID: 27140310 PMCID: PMC4891501 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an established tumour-suppressive mechanism that prevents the proliferation of premalignant cells. However, several lines of evidence show that senescent cells, which often persist in vivo, can also promote tumour progression in addition to other age-related pathologies via the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Moreover, new insights suggest the SASP can facilitate tissue repair. Here, we review the beneficial and detrimental roles of senescent cells, highlighting conditions under which the senescence response does and does not promote pathology, particularly cancer. By better understanding the context-dependent effects of cellular senescence, it may be feasible to limit its detrimental properties while preserving its beneficial effects, and develop novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat cancer and possibly other age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pacome Lecot
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Fatouma Alimirah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.,California Pacific Medical Center, 475 Brannan Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher Wiley
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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96
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Interplay between oxidant species and energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2015; 8:28-42. [PMID: 26741399 PMCID: PMC4710798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that energy metabolism is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and critical enzymes allied to metabolic pathways can be affected by redox reactions. This interplay between energy metabolism and ROS becomes most apparent during the aging process and in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases (i.e. diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases). As such, the capacity to identify metabolic pathways involved in ROS formation, as well as specific targets and oxidative modifications is crucial to our understanding of the molecular basis of age-related diseases and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein we review oxidant formation associated with the cell's energetic metabolism, key antioxidants involved in ROS detoxification, and the principal targets of oxidant species in metabolic routes and discuss their relevance in cell signaling and age-related diseases. Energy metabolism is both a source and target of oxidant species. Reactive oxygen species are formed in redox reactions in catabolic pathways. Sensitive targets of oxidant species regulate the flux of metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways and antioxidant systems are regulated coordinately.
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97
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Takebayashi SI, Tanaka H, Hino S, Nakatsu Y, Igata T, Sakamoto A, Narita M, Nakao M. Retinoblastoma protein promotes oxidative phosphorylation through upregulation of glycolytic genes in oncogene-induced senescent cells. Aging Cell 2015; 14:689-97. [PMID: 26009982 PMCID: PMC4531082 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is closely linked with cellular state and biological processes, but the mechanisms controlling metabolic properties in different contexts remain unclear. Cellular senescence is an irreversible growth arrest induced by various stresses, which exhibits active secretory and metabolic phenotypes. Here, we show that retinoblastoma protein (RB) plays a critical role in promoting the metabolic flow by activating both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in cells that have undergone oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). A combination of real-time metabolic monitoring, and metabolome and gene expression analyses showed that OIS-induced fibroblasts developed an accelerated metabolic flow. The loss of RB downregulated a series of glycolytic genes and simultaneously reduced metabolites produced from the glycolytic pathway, indicating that RB upregulates glycolytic genes in OIS cells. Importantly, both mitochondrial OXPHOS and glycolytic activities were abolished in RB-depleted or downstream glycolytic enzyme-depleted OIS cells, suggesting that RB-mediated glycolytic activation induces a metabolic flux into the OXPHOS pathway. Collectively, our findings reveal that RB essentially functions in metabolic remodeling and the maintenance of the active energy production in OIS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Takebayashi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools ‘HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program’, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoka Igata
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
| | - Akihisa Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridge, UK
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools ‘HIGO (Health life science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program’, Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology AgencyTokyo, Japan
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98
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Kirschner K, Samarajiwa SA, Cairns JM, Menon S, Pérez-Mancera PA, Tomimatsu K, Bermejo-Rodriguez C, Ito Y, Chandra T, Narita M, Lyons SK, Lynch AG, Kimura H, Ohbayashi T, Tavaré S, Narita M. Phenotype specific analyses reveal distinct regulatory mechanism for chronically activated p53. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005053. [PMID: 25790137 PMCID: PMC4366240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The downstream functions of the DNA binding tumor suppressor p53 vary depending on the cellular context, and persistent p53 activation has recently been implicated in tumor suppression and senescence. However, genome-wide information about p53-target gene regulation has been derived mostly from acute genotoxic conditions. Using ChIP-seq and expression data, we have found distinct p53 binding profiles between acutely activated (through DNA damage) and chronically activated (in senescent or pro-apoptotic conditions) p53. Compared to the classical 'acute' p53 binding profile, 'chronic' p53 peaks were closely associated with CpG-islands. Furthermore, the chronic CpG-island binding of p53 conferred distinct expression patterns between senescent and pro-apoptotic conditions. Using the p53 targets seen in the chronic conditions together with external high-throughput datasets, we have built p53 networks that revealed extensive self-regulatory 'p53 hubs' where p53 and many p53 targets can physically interact with each other. Integrating these results with public clinical datasets identified the cancer-associated lipogenic enzyme, SCD, which we found to be directly repressed by p53 through the CpG-island promoter, providing a mechanistic link between p53 and the 'lipogenic phenotype', a hallmark of cancer. Our data reveal distinct phenotype associations of chronic p53 targets that underlie specific gene regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kirschner
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shamith A. Samarajiwa
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Cairns
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suraj Menon
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro A. Pérez-Mancera
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kosuke Tomimatsu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Camino Bermejo-Rodriguez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yoko Ito
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Masako Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Scott K. Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andy G. Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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99
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James EL, Michalek RD, Pitiyage GN, de Castro AM, Vignola KS, Jones J, Mohney RP, Karoly ED, Prime SS, Parkinson EK. Senescent human fibroblasts show increased glycolysis and redox homeostasis with extracellular metabolomes that overlap with those of irreparable DNA damage, aging, and disease. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1854-71. [PMID: 25690941 DOI: 10.1021/pr501221g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence can modulate various pathologies and is associated with irreparable DNA double-strand breaks (IrrDSBs). Extracellular senescence metabolomes (ESMs) were generated from fibroblasts rendered senescent by proliferative exhaustion (PEsen) or 20 Gy of γ rays (IrrDSBsen) and compared with those of young proliferating cells, confluent cells, quiescent cells, and cells exposed to repairable levels of DNA damage to identify novel noninvasive markers of senescent cells. ESMs of PEsen and IrrDSBsen overlapped and showed increased levels of citrate, molecules involved in oxidative stress, a sterol, monohydroxylipids, tryptophan metabolism, phospholipid, and nucleotide catabolism, as well as reduced levels of dipeptides containing branched chain amino acids. The ESM overlaps with the aging and disease body fluid metabolomes, supporting their utility in the noninvasive detection of human senescent cells in vivo and by implication the detection of a variety of human pathologies. Intracellular metabolites of senescent cells showed a relative increase in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose-phosphate pathway, and, consistent with this, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase transcripts. In contrast, tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme transcript levels were unchanged and their metabolites were depleted. These results are surprising because glycolysis antagonizes senescence entry but are consistent with established senescent cells entering a state of low oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan D Michalek
- ‡Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | | | | | - Katie S Vignola
- ‡Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Janice Jones
- ‡Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Robert P Mohney
- ‡Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Edward D Karoly
- ‡Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, North Carolina 27713, United States
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100
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Ziegler DV, Wiley CD, Velarde MC. Mitochondrial effectors of cellular senescence: beyond the free radical theory of aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:1-7. [PMID: 25399755 PMCID: PMC4310776 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a process that results from a variety of stresses, leading to a state of irreversible growth arrest. Senescent cells accumulate during aging and have been implicated in promoting a variety of age-related diseases. Mitochondrial stress is an effective inducer of cellular senescence, but the mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate permanent cell growth arrest are largely unexplored. Here, we review some of the mitochondrial signaling pathways that participate in establishing cellular senescence. We discuss the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion), the electron transport chain (ETC), bioenergetic balance, redox state, metabolic signature, and calcium homeostasis in controlling cellular growth arrest. We emphasize that multiple mitochondrial signaling pathways, besides mitochondrial ROS, can induce cellular senescence. Together, these pathways provide a broader perspective for studying the contribution of mitochondrial stress to aging, linking mitochondrial dysfunction and aging through the process of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian V. Ziegler
- Département de Biologie Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46 allée d'Italie Lyon 69007 France
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Blvd. Novato CA 94945 USA
| | | | - Michael C. Velarde
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Blvd. Novato CA 94945 USA
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