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Lim HK, Lee JK, Kim GD, Jeong TH. Multiple calmodulin genes of the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda: Haliotidae). Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:341-351. [PMID: 30460116 PMCID: PMC6171432 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1509126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified four canonical calmodulin genes in the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Their full-length cDNAs were variable in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions, but highly similar (91-97%) in the coding region. Each of the genes encoded 149 amino acids, with 93-97% similarity among themselves and 94-98% similarity with human CAM I. There were 54 substitutions distributed unevenly throughout the coding regions, found mostly in the third codon position. Gene structure analysis revealed that each of the calmodulin genes comprised five exons and four introns. The intron positions and phases were identical and there were no introns in the fourth exon. The corresponding introns differed in their sequences and sizes. Expression profiles of nine tissues from abalone revealed that the calmodulin genes were transcribed in common in gill and mantle tissue, but differentially in the other tissues. A phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences revealed that calmodulin C was the most common isoform in Gastropoda and calmodulin was the most diverged isoform. An in silico analysis of the calmodulin genes identified paralogous genes in other Haliotis species, indicating that gene duplication might have occurred in the last common ancestor of Haliotis. Abbreviations: ORF: open reading frame; RACE: random amplification of cDNA end; TSA: transcriptome shotgun assembly; UTR: untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Kyu Lim
- Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources, Mokpo National University, Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Korea
| | - Tae Hyug Jeong
- Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources, Mokpo National University, Korea
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52
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Harbaoui M, Ben Saad R, Ben Halima N, Choura M, Brini F. Structural and functional characterisation of two novel durum wheat annexin genes in response to abiotic stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:542-552. [PMID: 32290993 DOI: 10.1071/fp17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress results in massive loss of crop productivity throughout the world. Understanding the plant gene regulatory mechanisms involved in stress responses is very important. Annexins are a conserved multigene family of Ca-dependent, phospholipid-binding proteins with suggested functions in response to environmental stresses and signalling during plant growth and development. Annexins function to counteract oxidative stress, maintain cell redox homeostasis and enhance drought tolerance. A full-length cDNA of two genes (TdAnn6 and TdAnn12) encoding annexin proteins were isolated and characterised from Tunisian durum wheat varieties (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum cv. Mahmoudi). Analyses of the deduced proteins encoded by annexin cDNAs (TdAnn6 and TdAnn12) indicate the presence of the characteristic four repeats of 70-75 amino acids and the motifs proposed to be involved in Ca2+ binding. Gene expression patterns obtained by real-time PCR revealed differential temporal and spatial regulation of the two annexin genes in durum wheat under different abiotic stress conditions such as salt (NaCl 150mM), osmotic (10% polyethylene glycol 8000), ionic (LiCl 10mM), oxidative (H2O2), ABA (100µM), salicylic acid (10mM), cold (4°C) and heat (37°C) stress. The two annexin genes were not regulated by heavy metal stress (CdCl2 150µM). Moreover, heterologous expression of TdAnn6 and TdAnn12 in yeast improves its tolerance to abiotic stresses, suggesting annexin's involvement in theses stress tolerance mechanisms. Taken together, our results show that the two newly isolated wheat annexin might play an active role in modulating plant cell responses to abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Harbaoui
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P "1177" 3018, Sfax,Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P "1177" 3018, Sfax,Tunisia
| | | | - Mouna Choura
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P "1177" 3018, Sfax,Tunisia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P "1177" 3018, Sfax,Tunisia
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Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Comprehensive Response of Two Susceptible Poplar Sections to Marssonina brunnea Infection. Genes (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29534547 PMCID: PMC5867875 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marssonina leaf spot disease of poplar (MLDP), caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Marssonina brunnea, frequently results in damage to many poplar species. In nature, two formae speciales of M. brunnea exist that are susceptible to different poplar subgenera. Marssonina brunnea f. sp. monogermtubi infects poplar hosts from Populus sect. Aigeiros (Aig), while M. brunnea f. sp. multigermtubi always infects poplar hosts from Populus sect. Leuce Duby (Leu). Based on the fungal penetration structures, a comprehensive transcriptomic approach was used to investigate the gene expression patterns of these two poplar subgenera at three crucial infection stages. MLDP significantly altered the expression patterns of many genes involved in mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and calcium signaling, transcription factors, primary and secondary metabolism, and other processes in both poplar subgenera. However, major differences in gene expression were also observed between the two poplar subgenera. Aig was most responsive at the initial infection stage, while Leu largely interacted with M. brunnea at the necrotrophic phase. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in pathways related to biotic stress also differed substantially between the two poplar subgenera. Further analysis indicated that the genes involved in cell wall metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism were differentially expressed in the progression of the disease. By examining the expression patterns of genes related to the defense against disease, we found that several genes annotated with causing hypersensitive cell death were upregulated at the necrotrophic phase of MLDP, inferring that plant immune response potentially happened at this infection stage. The present research elucidated the potential molecular differences between the two susceptible interaction systems in MLDP and provided novel insight into the temporal regulation of genes during the susceptible response. To the best of our knowledge, this study also constitutes the first to reveal the molecular mechanisms of poplar in response to the transition of hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens from the biotrophic phase to the necrotrophic phase.
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He SL, Jiang JZ, Chen BH, Kuo CH, Ho SL. Overexpression of a constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1 confers disease resistance by affecting OsPR10a expression in rice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:403. [PMID: 29321675 PMCID: PMC5762881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice pathogenesis-related protein OsPR10a was scarcely expressed in OsCDPK1-silenced (Ri-1) rice, which was highly sensitive to pathogen infection. After inoculating the leaves with bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; Xoo), we found that the expression of OsPR10a was up- and down-regulated in OEtr-1 (overexpression of the constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1) and Ri-1 rice plants, respectively. OsPR10a and OsCDPK1 showed corresponding expression patterns and were up-regulated in response to the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and Xoo treatments, and OsPR1 and OsPR4 were significantly up-regulated in OEtr-1. These results suggest that OsCDPK1 may be an upstream regulator involved in rice innate immunity and conferred broad-spectrum of disease resistance. Following the Xoo inoculation, the OEtr-1 and Ri-1 seedlings showed enhanced and reduced disease resistance, respectively. The dihybrid rice Ri-1/OsPR10a-Ox not only bypassed the effect of OsCDPK1 silencing on the susceptibility to Xoo but also showed enhanced disease resistance and, consistent with Ri-1 phenotypes, increased plant height and grain size. Our results reveal that OsCDPK1 plays novel key roles in the cross-talk and mediation of the balance between stress response and development and provides a clue for improving grain yield and disease resistance simultaneously in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siou-Luan He
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hong Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Lon Ho
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan.
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Ogunrinde A, Munro K, Davidson A, Ubaid M, Snedden WA. Arabidopsis Calmodulin-Like Proteins, CML15 and CML16 Possess Biochemical Properties Distinct from Calmodulin and Show Non-overlapping Tissue Expression Patterns. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2175. [PMID: 29312414 PMCID: PMC5743801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions are used as ubiquitous, key second messengers in cells across eukaryotic taxa. In plants, calcium signal transduction is involved in a wide range of cellular processes from abiotic and biotic stress responses to development and growth. Calcium signals are detected by calcium sensor proteins, of which calmodulin (CaM), is the most evolutionarily conserved and well-studied. These sensors regulate downstream targets to propagate the information in signaling pathways. Plants possess a large family of calcium sensors related to CaM, termed CaM-like (CMLs), that are not found in animals and remain largely unstudied at the structural and functional level. Here, we investigated the biochemical properties and gene promoter activity of two closely related members of the Arabidopsis CML family, CML15 and CML16. Biochemical characterization of recombinant CML15 and CML16 indicated that they possess properties consistent with their predicted roles as calcium sensors. In the absence of calcium, CML15 and CML16 display greater intrinsic hydrophobicity than CaM. Both CMLs displayed calcium-dependent and magnesium-independent conformational changes that expose hydrophobic residues, but the degree of hydrophobic exposure was markedly less than that observed for CaM. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated two and three calcium-binding sites for CML15 and CML16, respectively, with affinities expected to be within a physiological range. Both CML15 and CML16 bound calcium with high affinity in the presence of excess magnesium. Promoter-reporter analysis demonstrated that the CML16 promoter is active across a range of Arabidopsis tissues and developmental stages, whereas the CML15 promoter activity is very restricted and was observed only in floral tissues, specifically anthers and pollen. Collectively, our data indicate that these CMLs behave biochemically like calcium sensors but with properties distinct from CaM and likely have non-overlapping roles in floral development. We discuss our findings in the broader context of calcium sensors and signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Munro
- Protein Function Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Medical Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Midhat Ubaid
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Meng X, Lv Y, Mujahid H, Edelmann MJ, Zhao H, Peng X, Peng Z. Proteome-wide lysine acetylation identification in developing rice (Oryza sativa) seeds and protein co-modification by acetylation, succinylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1866:451-463. [PMID: 29313810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is a highly conserved post-translational modification with various biological functions. However, only a limited number of acetylation sites have been reported in plants, especially in cereals, and the function of non-histone protein acetylation is still largely unknown. In this report, we identified 1003 lysine acetylation sites in 692 proteins of developing rice seeds, which greatly extended the number of known acetylated sites in plants. Seven distinguished motifs were detected flanking acetylated lysines. Functional annotation analyses indicated diverse biological processes and pathways engaged in lysine acetylation. Remarkably, we found that several key enzymes in storage starch synthesis pathway and the main storage proteins were heavily acetylated. A comprehensive comparison of the rice acetylome, succinylome, ubiquitome and phosphorylome with available published data was conducted. A large number of proteins carrying multiple kinds of modifications were identified and many of these proteins are known to be key enzymes of vital metabolic pathways. Our study provides extending knowledge of protein acetylation. It will have critical reference value for understanding the mechanisms underlying PTM mediated multiple signal integration in the regulation of metabolism and development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Meng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Yuanda Lv
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States; Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hana Mujahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Mariola J Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Han Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Jingjie PTM Biolab Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaohua Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States.
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57
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Zhang T, Huang L, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhao X, Zhang S, Zhang J, Hu F, Fu B, Li Z. Differential transcriptome profiling of chilling stress response between shoots and rhizomes of Oryza longistaminata using RNA sequencing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188625. [PMID: 29190752 PMCID: PMC5708648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is very sensitive to chilling stress at seedling and reproductive stages, whereas wild rice, O. longistaminata, tolerates non-freezing cold temperatures and has overwintering ability. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of chilling tolerance (CT) in O. longistaminata should thus provide a basis for rice CT improvement through molecular breeding. In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to profile global transcriptome alterations and crucial genes involved in response to long-term low temperature in O. longistaminata shoots and rhizomes subjected to 7 days of chilling stress. A total of 605 and 403 genes were respectively identified as up- and down-regulated in O. longistaminata under 7 days of chilling stress, with 354 and 371 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) found exclusively in shoots and rhizomes, respectively. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that multiple transcriptional regulatory pathways were enriched in commonly induced genes in both tissues; in contrast, only the photosynthesis pathway was prevalent in genes uniquely induced in shoots, whereas several key metabolic pathways and the programmed cell death process were enriched in genes induced only in rhizomes. Further analysis of these tissue-specific DEGs showed that the CBF/DREB1 regulon and other transcription factors (TFs), including AP2/EREBPs, MYBs, and WRKYs, were synergistically involved in transcriptional regulation of chilling stress response in shoots. Different sets of TFs, such as OsERF922, OsNAC9, OsWRKY25, and WRKY74, and eight genes encoding antioxidant enzymes were exclusively activated in rhizomes under long-term low-temperature treatment. Furthermore, several cis-regulatory elements, including the ICE1-binding site, the GATA element for phytochrome regulation, and the W-box for WRKY binding, were highly abundant in both tissues, confirming the involvement of multiple regulatory genes and complex networks in the transcriptional regulation of CT in O. longistaminata. Finally, most chilling-induced genes with alternative splicing exclusive to shoots were associated with photosynthesis and regulation of gene expression, while those enriched in rhizomes were primarily related to stress signal transduction; this indicates that tissue-specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms synergistically contribute to O. longistaminata long-term CT. Our findings provide an overview of the complex regulatory networks of CT in O. longistaminata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
- Research Center for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinxiao Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilai Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
- Research Center for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
- Research Center for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengyi Hu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
- Research Center for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Innovative Breeding, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Innovative Breeding, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Kato R, Morita Y, Ina A, Tatsuo Y, Tamura T, Tezuka Y, Tanaka K. Metabolomic and Proteomic Analysis of the Response of Angelica acutiloba after Herbivore Attack. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of insect damage on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, we cultivated Angelica acutiloba with and without damage caused by the larvae of Papilio machaon. Compounds from the leaves and roots of A acutiloba were extracted with chloroform and analyzed by GC-MS. We annotated the peaks based on the mass spectral data and retention times. In addition, the effects of insect damage on the plants were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, it was clarified that the amounts of ligustilide, γ-terpinene and β-caryophyllene, increased in leaves after being damaged by insects. Polyacetylenes also increased in the roots of damaged plants. In addition, as prompt responses, increases in the proteins relating to hydrogen peroxide synthesis and decreases in the proteins concerned with a non-urgent response to pathogenic attack were clarified by proteomic analysis. These results indicate that cultivation methods using the chemical-ecological response of the plant can contribute to the production of higher-quality crude drugs derived from A. acutiloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kato
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morita
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Ina
- Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tatsuo
- Experimental Station for Medicinal Plant Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-1094, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tamura
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Naka-Taikouyama, Imizu 939-0363, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tezuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Kaur A, Pati PK, Pati AM, Nagpal AK. In-silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements of pathogenesis-related proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184523. [PMID: 28910327 PMCID: PMC5598985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis related (PR) proteins are low molecular weight family of proteins induced in plants under various biotic and abiotic stresses. They play an important role in plant-defense mechanism. PRs have wide range of functions, acting as hydrolases, peroxidases, chitinases, anti-fungal, protease inhibitors etc. In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze promoter regions of PR1, PR2, PR5, PR9, PR10 and PR12 of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Analysis of cis-element distribution revealed the functional multiplicity of PRs and provides insight into the gene regulation. CpG islands are observed only in rice PRs, which indicates that monocot genome contains more GC rich motifs than dicots. Tandem repeats were also observed in 5' UTR of PR genes. Thus, the present study provides an understanding of regulation of PR genes and their versatile roles in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritpreet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Aparna Maitra Pati
- Planning Project Monitoring and Evaluation Cell, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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60
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Ruocco M, Musacchia F, Olivé I, Costa MM, Barrote I, Santos R, Sanges R, Procaccini G, Silva J. Genomewide transcriptional reprogramming in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa under experimental ocean acidification. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4241-4259. [PMID: 28614601 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the first use of massive-scale RNA-sequencing to explore seagrass response to CO2 -driven ocean acidification (OA). Large-scale gene expression changes in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa occurred at CO2 levels projected by the end of the century. C. nodosa transcriptome was obtained using Illumina RNA-Seq technology and de novo assembly, and differential gene expression was explored in plants exposed to short-term high CO2 /low pH conditions. At high pCO2 , there was a significant increased expression of transcripts associated with photosynthesis, including light reaction functions and CO2 fixation, and also to respiratory pathways, specifically for enzymes involved in glycolysis, in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in the energy metabolism of the mitochondrial electron transport. The upregulation of respiratory metabolism is probably supported by the increased availability of photosynthates and increased energy demand for biosynthesis and stress-related processes under elevated CO2 and low pH. The upregulation of several chaperones resembling heat stress-induced changes in gene expression highlighted the positive role these proteins play in tolerance to intracellular acid stress in seagrasses. OA further modifies C. nodosa secondary metabolism inducing the transcription of enzymes related to biosynthesis of carbon-based secondary compounds, in particular the synthesis of polyphenols and isoprenoid compounds that have a variety of biological functions including plant defence. By demonstrating which physiological processes are most sensitive to OA, this research provides a major advance in the understanding of seagrass metabolism in the context of altered seawater chemistry from global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ruocco
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Irene Olivé
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Monya M Costa
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Barrote
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rui Santos
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Remo Sanges
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - João Silva
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Yin X, Huang L, Wang M, Cui Y, Xia X. OsDSR-1, a calmodulin-like gene, improves drought tolerance through scavenging of reactive oxygen species in rice (Oryza sativa L.). MOLECULAR BREEDING 2017; 37:75. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-017-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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62
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Glazinska P, Wojciechowski W, Kulasek M, Glinkowski W, Marciniak K, Klajn N, Kesy J, Kopcewicz J. De novo Transcriptome Profiling of Flowers, Flower Pedicels and Pods of Lupinus luteus (Yellow Lupine) Reveals Complex Expression Changes during Organ Abscission. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:641. [PMID: 28512462 PMCID: PMC5412092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper c.), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae L.), has an enormous practical importance. Its excessive flower and pod abscission represents an economic drawback, as proper flower and seed formation and development is crucial for the plant's productivity. Generative organ detachment takes place at the basis of the pedicels, within a specialized group of cells collectively known as the abscission zone (AZ). During plant growth these cells become competent to respond to specific signals that trigger separation and lead to the abolition of cell wall adhesion. Little is known about the molecular network controlling the yellow lupine organ abscission. The aim of our study was to establish the divergences and similarities in transcriptional networks in the pods, flowers and flower pedicels abscised or maintained on the plant, and to identify genes playing key roles in generative organ abscission in yellow lupine. Based on de novo transcriptome assembly, we identified 166,473 unigenes representing 219,514 assembled unique transcripts from flowers, flower pedicels and pods undergoing abscission and from control organs. Comparison of the cDNA libraries from dropped and control organs helped in identifying 1,343, 2,933 and 1,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flowers, flower pedicels and pods, respectively. In DEG analyses, we focused on genes involved in phytohormonal regulation, cell wall functioning and metabolic pathways. Our results indicate that auxin, ethylene and gibberellins are some of the main factors engaged in generative organ abscission. Identified 28 DEGs common for all library comparisons are involved in cell wall functioning, protein metabolism, water homeostasis and stress response. Interestingly, among the common DEGs we also found an miR169 precursor, which is the first evidence of micro RNA engaged in abscission. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEGs were predominantly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, but some other pathways were also targeted. This study represents the first comprehensive transcriptome-based characterization of organ abscission in L. luteus and provides a valuable data source not only for understanding the abscission signaling pathway in yellow lupine, but also for further research aimed at improving crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glazinska
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wojciechowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Milena Kulasek
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Wojciech Glinkowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marciniak
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Natalia Klajn
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Jacek Kesy
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Jan Kopcewicz
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
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Tang J, Lin J, Li X, Yang Q, Cheng Q, Cheng ZM(M, Chang Y. Characterization and Expression Profiling Analysis of Calmodulin Genes in Response to Salt and Osmotic Stresses in Pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) and in Comparison with Arabidopsis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7904162. [PMID: 28373986 PMCID: PMC5360957 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7904162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide identification and cloning of CaM genes in pear was conducted and in compared with Arabidopsis that indicated a conserved expansion of CaM genes in pear, and PbCaMs and AtCaMs had a similar distribution of cis-elements and expressions in response to salt and osmotic stress. In particular, PbCaM1 and PbCaM3 were both significantly upregulated in response to salt and osmotic stress in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jing Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qunkang Cheng
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | | - Youhong Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Djabou ASM, Carvalho LJCB, Li QX, Niemenak N, Chen S. Cassava postharvest physiological deterioration: a complex phenomenon involving calcium signaling, reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death. ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM 2017; 39:91. [PMID: 28316353 PMCID: PMC5336541 DOI: 10.1007/s11738-017-2382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of cassava (Manihot esculenta) storage roots is a complex physiological and biochemical process which involve many regulatory networks linked with specific proteins modulation and signaling transduction pathways. However, it is poorly understood regarding biological regulation, and the interactions among protein groups and signals to determine PPD syndrome in cassava storage roots. This review sheds some light on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium signaling transduction, and programmed cell death (PCD) in cassava PPD syndrome. A model for predicting crosstalk among calcium signaling, ROS and PCD is suggested to fine-tune PPD syndrome. This would clues to cassava molecular breeding to alleviate the PPD effects on the shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astride S. M. Djabou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Hainan, China
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Nicolas Niemenak
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Hainan, China
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65
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Jiang G, Xiao L, Yan H, Zhang D, Wu F, Liu X, Su X, Dong X, Wang J, Duan X, Jiang Y. Redox regulation of methionine in calmodulin affects the activity levels of senescence-related transcription factors in litchi. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1140-1151. [PMID: 28188859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in aging and senescence in organisms. The oxidation of methionine (Met) residues in proteins to Met sulfoxide by ROS can cause conformational alteration and functional impairments. Met oxidation is reversed by Met sulfoxide reductase (Msr) A and B. Currently, the repair of oxidized proteins by Msr and Msr-mediated physiological functions are not well understood, especially in higher plants. The down-regulated expression of LcMsrA1/B1 may be involved in the senescence of litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit. We verified that LcCaM1 is a substrate of LcMsrA1 and LcMsrB1 in vitro and in vivo, and oxidized LcCaM1 could be repaired by LcMsrA1 in combination with LcMsrB1. Moreover, LcMsrA1 and LcMsrB1 play important roles in repairing oxidized Met110 and Met125 residues, respectively, in LcCaM1. Furthermore, the Met oxidation in LcCaM1 did not affect its physical interactions with two LcCaM1-binding senescence-related transcription factors LcNAC13 and LcWRKY1, but enhanced their DNA-binding activities. Therefore, we hypothesized that the down-regulated expression of LcMsrA1/B1 results in the accelerated oxidation of LcCaM1, which enhanced the DNA-binding activities of LcNAC13 and LcWRKY1, thereby activating or repressing the expression of senescence-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiling Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fuwang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xinguo Su
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xinhong Dong
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Gulin 541004, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany/Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Yang Y, Mo Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li H, Wei C, Zhang X. Transcriptome Profiling of Watermelon Root in Response to Short-Term Osmotic Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166314. [PMID: 27861528 PMCID: PMC5115733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic stress adversely affects the growth, fruit quality and yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai). Increasing the tolerance of watermelon to osmotic stress caused by factors such as high salt and water deficit is an effective way to improve crop survival in osmotic stress environments. Roots are important organs in water absorption and are involved in the initial response to osmosis stress; however, few studies have examined the underlying mechanism of tolerance to osmotic stress in watermelon roots. For better understanding of this mechanism, the inbred watermelon accession M08, which exhibits relatively high tolerance to water deficits, was treated with 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. The root samples were harvested at 6 h after PEG treatment and untreated samples were used as controls. Transcriptome analyses were carried out by Illumina RNA sequencing. A total of 5246 differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene ontology enrichment and biochemical pathway analyses of these 5246 genes showed that short-term osmotic stress affected osmotic adjustment, signal transduction, hormone responses, cell division, cell cycle and ribosome, and M08 may repress root growth to adapt osmotic stress. The results of this study describe the watermelon root transcriptome under osmotic stress and propose new insight into watermelon root responses to osmotic stress at the transcriptome level. Accordingly, these results allow us to better understand the molecular mechanisms of watermelon in response to drought stress and will facilitate watermelon breeding projects to improve drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan, China
| | - Yanling Mo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaozheng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haifei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Hanzhong City Agro-technology Extension Center, Hanzhong, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Mosquera T, Alvarez MF, Jiménez-Gómez JM, Muktar MS, Paulo MJ, Steinemann S, Li J, Draffehn A, Hofmann A, Lübeck J, Strahwald J, Tacke E, Hofferbert HR, Walkemeier B, Gebhardt C. Targeted and Untargeted Approaches Unravel Novel Candidate Genes and Diagnostic SNPs for Quantitative Resistance of the Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Phytophthora infestans Causing the Late Blight Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156254. [PMID: 27281327 PMCID: PMC4900573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Phytophthora infestans causes late blight of potato, which can completely destroy the crop. Therefore, for the past 160 years, late blight has been the most important potato disease worldwide. The identification of cultivars with high and durable field resistance to P. infestans is an objective of most potato breeding programs. This type of resistance is polygenic and therefore quantitative. Its evaluation requires multi-year and location trials. Furthermore, quantitative resistance to late blight correlates with late plant maturity, a negative agricultural trait. Knowledge of the molecular genetic basis of quantitative resistance to late blight not compromised by late maturity is very limited. It is however essential for developing diagnostic DNA markers that facilitate the efficient combination of superior resistance alleles in improved cultivars. We used association genetics in a population of 184 tetraploid potato cultivars in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with maturity corrected resistance (MCR) to late blight. The population was genotyped for almost 9000 SNPs from three different sources. The first source was candidate genes specifically selected for their function in the jasmonate pathway. The second source was novel candidate genes selected based on comparative transcript profiling (RNA-Seq) of groups of genotypes with contrasting levels of quantitative resistance to P. infestans. The third source was the first generation 8.3k SolCAP SNP genotyping array available in potato for genome wide association studies (GWAS). Twenty seven SNPs from all three sources showed robust association with MCR. Some of those were located in genes that are strong candidates for directly controlling quantitative resistance, based on functional annotation. Most important were: a lipoxygenase (jasmonate pathway), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (mevalonate pathway), a P450 protein (terpene biosynthesis), a transcription factor and a homolog of a major gene for resistance to P. infestans from the wild potato species Solanum venturii. The candidate gene approach and GWAS complemented each other as they identified different genes. The results of this study provide new insight in the molecular genetic basis of quantitative resistance in potato and a toolbox of diagnostic SNP markers for breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mosquera
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Fernanda Alvarez
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José M. Jiménez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParis Tech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Meki Shehabu Muktar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Steinemann
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jinquan Li
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Draffehn
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Lübeck
- SaKa-Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, 24340, Windeby, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Walkemeier
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Gebhardt
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Manzo D, Ferriello F, Puopolo G, Zoina A, D'Esposito D, Tardella L, Ferrarini A, Ercolano MR. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici induces distinct transcriptome reprogramming in resistant and susceptible isogenic tomato lines. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:53. [PMID: 26920134 PMCID: PMC4769521 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) is one of the most destructive necrotrophic pathogens affecting tomato crops, causing considerable field and greenhouse yield losses. Despite such major economic impact, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici resistance in tomato. RESULTS A transcriptomic experiment was carried out in order to investigate the main mechanisms of FORL response in resistant and susceptible isogenic tomato lines. Microarray analysis at 15 DPI (days post inoculum) revealed a distinct gene expression pattern between the two genotypes in the inoculated vs non-inoculated conditions. A model of plant response both for compatible and incompatible reactions was proposed. In particular, in the incompatible interaction an activation of defense genes related to secondary metabolite production and tryptophan metabolism was observed. Moreover, maintenance of the cell osmotic potential after the FORL challenging was mediated by a dehydration-induced protein. As for the compatible interaction, activation of an oxidative burst mediated by peroxidases and a cytochrome monooxygenase induced cell degeneration and necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our work allowed comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of the tomato-FORL interaction. The result obtained emphasizes a different transcriptional reaction between the resistant and the susceptible genotype to the FORL challenge. Our findings could lead to the improvement in disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Manzo
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ferriello
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Gerardo Puopolo
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
- Current address: Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department - IASMA Research and Innovation Center - Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
| | - Astolfo Zoina
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Daniela D'Esposito
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Luca Tardella
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie, Verona, Italy.
| | - Maria Raffaella Ercolano
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
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Yu LX, Liu X, Boge W, Liu XP. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Salt Tolerance during Germination in Autotetraploid Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:956. [PMID: 27446182 PMCID: PMC4923157 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of major abiotic stresses limiting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production in the arid and semi-arid regions in US and other counties. In this study, we used a diverse panel of alfalfa accessions previously described by Zhang et al. (2015) to identify molecular markers associated with salt tolerance during germination using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Phenotyping was done by germinating alfalfa seeds under different levels of salt stress. Phenotypic data of adjusted germination rates and SNP markers generated by GBS were used for marker-trait association. Thirty six markers were significantly associated with salt tolerance in at least one level of salt treatments. Alignment of sequence tags to the Medicago truncatula genome revealed genetic locations of the markers on all chromosomes except chromosome 3. Most significant markers were found on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4. BLAST search using the flanking sequences of significant markers identified 14 putative candidate genes linked to 23 significant markers. Most of them were repeatedly identified in two or three salt treatments. Several loci identified in the present study had similar genetic locations to the reported QTL associated with salt tolerance in M. truncatula. A locus identified on chromosome 6 by this study overlapped with that by drought in our previous study. To our knowledge, this is the first report on mapping loci associated with salt tolerance during germination in autotetraploid alfalfa. Further investigation on these loci and their linked genes would provide insight into understanding molecular mechanisms by which salt and drought stresses affect alfalfa growth. Functional markers closely linked to the resistance loci would be useful for MAS to improve alfalfa cultivars with enhanced resistance to drought and salt stresses.
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70
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Kolupaev YE, Karpets YV, Dmitriev AP. Signal mediators in plants in response to abiotic stress: Calcium, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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71
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Ma X, Wang P, Zhou S, Sun Y, Liu N, Li X, Hou Y. De novo transcriptome sequencing and comprehensive analysis of the drought-responsive genes in the desert plant Cynanchum komarovii. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:753. [PMID: 26444539 PMCID: PMC4594960 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynanchum komarovii Al Iljinski is a xerophytic plant species widely distributing in the severely adverse environment of the deserts in northwest China. At present, the detailed transcriptomic and genomic data for C. komarovii are still insufficient in public databases. RESULTS To investigate changes of drought-responsive genes and explore the mechanisms of drought tolerance in C. komarovii, approximately 27.5 GB sequencing data were obtained using Illumina sequencing technology. After de novo assembly 148,715 unigenes were generated with an average length of 604 bp. Among these unigenes, 85,106 were annotated with gene descriptions, conserved domains, gene ontology terms, and metabolic pathways. The results showed that a great number of unigenes were significantly affected by drought stress. We identified 3134 unigenes as reliable differentially expressed genes (DEGs). During drought stress, the regulatory genes were involved in signaling transduction pathways and in controlling the expression of functional genes. Moreover, C. komarovii activated many functional genes that directly protected against stress and improved tolerance to adapt drought condition. Importantly, the DEGs were involved in biosynthesis, export, and regulation of plant cuticle, suggesting that plant cuticle may play a vital role in response to drought stress and the accumulation of cuticle may allow C. komarovii to improve the tolerance to drought stress. CONCLUSION This is the first large-scale reference sequence data of C. komarovii, which enlarge the genomic resources of this species. Our comprehensive transcriptome analysis will provide a valuable resource for further investigation into the molecular adaptation of desert plants under drought condition and facilitate the exploration of drought-tolerant candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Sihong Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Nana Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoning Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Bertrand B, Bardil A, Baraille H, Dussert S, Doulbeau S, Dubois E, Severac D, Dereeper A, Etienne H. The Greater Phenotypic Homeostasis of the Allopolyploid Coffea arabica Improved the Transcriptional Homeostasis Over that of Both Diploid Parents. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2035-51. [PMID: 26355011 PMCID: PMC4679393 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy impacts the diversity of plant species, giving rise to novel phenotypes and leading to ecological diversification. In order to observe adaptive and evolutionary capacities of polyploids, we compared the growth, primary metabolism and transcriptomic expression level in the leaves of the newly formed allotetraploid Coffea arabica species compared with its two diploid parental species (Coffea eugenioides and Coffea canephora), exposed to four thermal regimes (TRs; 18-14, 23-19, 28-24 and 33-29°C). The growth rate of the allopolyploid C. arabica was similar to that of C. canephora under the hottest TR and that of C. eugenioides under the coldest TR. For metabolite contents measured at the hottest TR, the allopolyploid showed similar behavior to C. canephora, the parent which tolerates higher growth temperatures in the natural environment. However, at the coldest TR, the allopolyploid displayed higher sucrose, raffinose and ABA contents than those of its two parents and similar linolenic acid leaf composition and Chl content to those of C. eugenioides. At the gene expression level, few differences between the allopolyploid and its parents were observed for studied genes linked to photosynthesis, respiration and the circadian clock, whereas genes linked to redox activity showed a greater capacity of the allopolyploid for homeostasis. Finally, we found that the overall transcriptional response to TRs of the allopolyploid was more homeostatic compared with its parents. This better transcriptional homeostasis of the allopolyploid C. arabica afforded a greater phenotypic homeostasis when faced with environments that are unsuited to the diploid parental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Bardil
- University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Botany, Emile Argand 11, CP 158, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Baraille
- Université de Reims, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, Laboratoire de stress, défenses et reproduction des plantes, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéphane Dussert
- IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Doulbeau
- IRD, UMR DIADE, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Emeric Dubois
- CNRS, Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier Cedex 34, France
| | - Dany Severac
- CNRS, Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier Cedex 34, France
| | - Alexis Dereeper
- IRD, UMR IPME, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Etienne
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
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73
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Saithong T, Saerue S, Kalapanulak S, Sojikul P, Narangajavana J, Bhumiratana S. Gene Co-Expression Analysis Inferring the Crosstalk of Ethylene and Gibberellin in Modulating the Transcriptional Acclimation of Cassava Root Growth in Different Seasons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137602. [PMID: 26366737 PMCID: PMC4569563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava is a crop of hope for the 21st century. Great advantages of cassava over other crops are not only the capacity of carbohydrates, but it is also an easily grown crop with fast development. As a plant which is highly tolerant to a poor environment, cassava has been believed to own an effective acclimation process, an intelligent mechanism behind its survival and sustainability in a wide range of climates. Herein, we aimed to investigate the transcriptional regulation underlying the adaptive development of a cassava root to different seasonal cultivation climates. Gene co-expression analysis suggests that AP2-EREBP transcription factor (ERF1) orthologue (D142) played a pivotal role in regulating the cellular response to exposing to wet and dry seasons. The ERF shows crosstalk with gibberellin, via ent-Kaurene synthase (D106), in the transcriptional regulatory network that was proposed to modulate the downstream regulatory system through a distinct signaling mechanism. While sulfur assimilation is likely to be a signaling regulation for dry crop growth response, calmodulin-binding protein is responsible for regulation in the wet crop. With our initiative study, we hope that our findings will pave the way towards sustainability of cassava production under various kinds of stress considering the future global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treenut Saithong
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thakham, Bangkhunthian, Bangkok, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thakham, Bangkhunthian, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Samorn Saerue
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thakham, Bangkhunthian, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowalak Kalapanulak
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thakham, Bangkhunthian, Bangkok, Thailand
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thakham, Bangkhunthian, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punchapat Sojikul
- Center for Cassava Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thungphayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thungphayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarunya Narangajavana
- Center for Cassava Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thungphayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thungphayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakarindr Bhumiratana
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thakham, Bangkhunthian, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thungkhru, Bangmod, Bangkok, Thailand
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Leng X, Han J, Wang X, Zhao M, Sun X, Wang C, Fang J. Characterization of a Calmodulin-binding Transcription Factor from Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). THE PLANT GENOME 2015; 8:eplantgenome2014.08.0039. [PMID: 33228307 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2014.08.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is a calmodulin-binding transcription factor that has a broad range of functions from sensory mechanisms to regulating many growth and developmental processes. In this study, we isolated four strawberry CAMTA (FaCAMTA) genes using HMMER and BLAST analysis. The chromosome scaffold locations of these CAMTA genes in the strawberry genome were determined and the protein domain and motif organization [CG-1, transcription factor immunoglobulin, ankyrin (ANK) repeats, calmodulin-binding IQ motif) of FaCAMTAs were also assessed. All FaCAMTAs were predicted to be Ca- and calmodulin-binding proteins. The expression profiles of FaCAMTA genes were measured in different tissues and revealed distinct FaCAMTA gene expression patterns under heat, cold, and salt stress. These data not only contribute to a better understanding of the complex regulation of the FaCAMTA gene family but also provide evidence supporting the role of CAMTAs in multiple signaling pathways involved in stress responses. This investigation can provide useful information for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box1435, No.1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China
| | - Mizhen Zhao
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling St. 50, Nanjing, 210014, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural Univ., Tongwei Rd. 6, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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75
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Yang Y, Sun T, Xu L, Pi E, Wang S, Wang H, Shen C. Genome-wide identification of CAMTA gene family members in Medicago truncatula and their expression during root nodule symbiosis and hormone treatments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:459. [PMID: 26150823 PMCID: PMC4472986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) are well-characterized calmodulin-binding transcription factors in the plant kingdom. Previous work shows that CAMTAs play important roles in various biological processes including disease resistance, herbivore attack response, and abiotic stress tolerance. However, studies that address the function of CAMTAs during the establishment of symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia are still lacking. This study undertook comprehensive identification and analysis of CAMTA genes using the latest updated M. truncatula genome. All the MtCAMTA genes were expressed in a tissues-specific manner and were responsive to environmental stress-related hormones. The expression profiling of MtCAMTA genes during the early phase of Sinorhizobium meliloti infection was also analyzed. Our data showed that the expression of most MtCAMTA genes was suppressed in roots by S. meliloti infection. The responsiveness of MtCAMTAs to S. meliloti infection indicated that they may function as calcium-regulated transcription factors in the early nodulation signaling pathway. In addition, bioinformatics analysis showed that CAMTA binding sites existed in the promoter regions of various early rhizobial infection response genes, suggesting possible MtCAMTAs-regulated downstream candidate genes during the early phase of S. meliloti infection. Taken together, these results provide basic information about MtCAMTAs in the model legume M. truncatula, and the involvement of MtCAMTAs in nodule organogenesis. This information furthers our understanding of MtCAMTA protein functions in M. truncatula and opens new avenues for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chenjia Shen
- *Correspondence: Chenjia Shen, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Street, Hangzhou 310036, China
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76
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Sager R, Lee JY. Plasmodesmata in integrated cell signalling: insights from development and environmental signals and stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6337-58. [PMID: 25262225 PMCID: PMC4303807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To survive as sedentary organisms built of immobile cells, plants require an effective intercellular communication system, both locally between neighbouring cells within each tissue and systemically across distantly located organs. Such a system enables cells to coordinate their intracellular activities and produce concerted responses to internal and external stimuli. Plasmodesmata, membrane-lined intercellular channels, are essential for direct cell-to-cell communication involving exchange of diffusible factors, including signalling and information molecules. Recent advances corroborate that plasmodesmata are not passive but rather highly dynamic channels, in that their density in the cell walls and gating activities are tightly linked to developmental and physiological processes. Moreover, it is becoming clear that specific hormonal signalling pathways play crucial roles in relaying primary cellular signals to plasmodesmata. In this review, we examine a number of studies in which plasmodesmal structure, occurrence, and/or permeability responses are found to be altered upon given cellular or environmental signals, and discuss common themes illustrating how plasmodesmal regulation is integrated into specific cellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Sager
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Jung-Youn Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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77
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Ghorbel M, Zaidi I, Robe E, Ranty B, Mazars C, Galaud JP, Hanin M. The activity of the wheat MAP kinase phosphatase 1 is regulated by manganese and by calmodulin. Biochimie 2014; 108:13-9. [PMID: 25447143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) are negative regulators of MAPKs in eukaryotes and play key roles in the regulation of different cellular processes. However in plants, little is known about the regulation of these Dual Specific Phosphatases (DSPs) by Ca(2+) and calmodulin (CaM). Here, we showed that the wheat MKP (TMKP1) harboring a calmodulin (CaM) binding domain, binds to CaM in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. In addition, TMKP1 exhibited a phosphatase activity in vitro that is specifically enhanced by Mn(2+) and to a lesser extent by Mg(2+), but without any synergistic effect between the two bivalent cations. Most interestingly, CaM/Ca(2+) complex inhibits the catalytic activity of TMKP1 in a CaM-dose dependent manner. However, in the presence of Mn(2+) this activity is enhanced by CaM/Ca(2+) complex. These dual regulatory effects seem to be mediated via interaction of CaM/Ca(2+) to the CaM binding domain in the C-terminal part of TMKP1. Such effects were not reported so far, and raise a possible role for CaM and Mn(2+) in the regulation of plant MKPs during cellular response to external signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ikram Zaidi
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Eugénie Robe
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Benoit Ranty
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christian Mazars
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Moez Hanin
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Sfax, Institute of Biotechnology, BP "1175", 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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78
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Feng L, Chen Z, Ma H, Chen X, Li Y, Wang Y, Xiang Y. The IQD gene family in soybean: structure, phylogeny, evolution and expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110896. [PMID: 25343341 PMCID: PMC4208818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the plant-specific IQ67-domain (IQD) protein family are involved in plant development and the basal defense response. Although systematic characterization of this family has been carried out in Arabidopsis, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Brachypodium distachyon and rice (Oryza sativa), systematic analysis and expression profiling of this gene family in soybean (Glycine max) have not previously been reported. In this study, we identified and structurally characterized IQD genes in the soybean genome. A complete set of 67 soybean IQD genes (GmIQD1-67) was identified using Blast search tools, and the genes were clustered into four subfamilies (IQD I-IV) based on phylogeny. These soybean IQD genes are distributed unevenly across all 20 chromosomes, with 30 segmental duplication events, suggesting that segmental duplication has played a major role in the expansion of the soybean IQD gene family. Analysis of the Ka/Ks ratios showed that the duplicated genes of the GmIQD family primarily underwent purifying selection. Microsynteny was detected in most pairs: genes in clade 1-3 might be present in genome regions that were inverted, expanded or contracted after the divergence; most gene pairs in clade 4 showed high conservation with little rearrangement among these gene-residing regions. Of the soybean IQD genes examined, six were most highly expressed in young leaves, six in flowers, one in roots and two in nodules. Our qRT-PCR analysis of 24 soybean IQD III genes confirmed that these genes are regulated by MeJA stress. Our findings present a comprehensive overview of the soybean IQD gene family and provide insights into the evolution of this family. In addition, this work lays a solid foundation for further experiments aimed at determining the biological functions of soybean IQD genes in growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
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79
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Jiang SY, Ma A, Ramamoorthy R, Ramachandran S. Genome-wide survey on genomic variation, expression divergence, and evolution in two contrasting rice genotypes under high salinity stress. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 5:2032-50. [PMID: 24121498 PMCID: PMC3845633 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression profiling is one of the most important tools for dissecting biological functions of genes and the upregulation or downregulation of gene expression is sufficient for recreating phenotypic differences. Expression divergence of genes significantly contributes to phenotypic variations. However, little is known on the molecular basis of expression divergence and evolution among rice genotypes with contrasting phenotypes. In this study, we have implemented an integrative approach using bioinformatics and experimental analyses to provide insights into genomic variation, expression divergence, and evolution between salinity-sensitive rice variety Nipponbare and tolerant rice line Pokkali under normal and high salinity stress conditions. We have detected thousands of differentially expressed genes between these two genotypes and thousands of up- or downregulated genes under high salinity stress. Many genes were first detected with expression evidence using custom microarray analysis. Some gene families were preferentially regulated by high salinity stress and might play key roles in stress-responsive biological processes. Genomic variations in promoter regions resulted from single nucleotide polymorphisms, indels (1–10 bp of insertion/deletion), and structural variations significantly contributed to the expression divergence and regulation. Our data also showed that tandem and segmental duplication, CACTA and hAT elements played roles in the evolution of gene expression divergence and regulation between these two contrasting genotypes under normal or high salinity stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ye Jiang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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80
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Wang Z, Hu H, Goertzen LR, McElroy JS, Dane F. Analysis of the Citrullus colocynthis transcriptome during water deficit stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104657. [PMID: 25118696 PMCID: PMC4132101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullus colocynthis is a very drought tolerant species, closely related to watermelon (C. lanatus var. lanatus), an economically important cucurbit crop. Drought is a threat to plant growth and development, and the discovery of drought inducible genes with various functions is of great importance. We used high throughput mRNA Illumina sequencing technology and bioinformatic strategies to analyze the C. colocynthis leaf transcriptome under drought treatment. Leaf samples at four different time points (0, 24, 36, or 48 hours of withholding water) were used for RNA extraction and Illumina sequencing. qRT-PCR of several drought responsive genes was performed to confirm the accuracy of RNA sequencing. Leaf transcriptome analysis provided the first glimpse of the drought responsive transcriptome of this unique cucurbit species. A total of 5038 full-length cDNAs were detected, with 2545 genes showing significant changes during drought stress. Principle component analysis indicated that drought was the major contributing factor regulating transcriptome changes. Up regulation of many transcription factors, stress signaling factors, detoxification genes, and genes involved in phytohormone signaling and citrulline metabolism occurred under the water deficit conditions. The C. colocynthis transcriptome data highlight the activation of a large set of drought related genes in this species, thus providing a valuable resource for future functional analysis of candidate genes in defense of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hongtao Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Leslie R. Goertzen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America
| | - J. Scott McElroy
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Fenny Dane
- Department of Horticulture, Auburn University, Alabama, United States of America
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81
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Williams B, Verchot J, Dickman MB. When supply does not meet demand-ER stress and plant programmed cell death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:211. [PMID: 24926295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00211/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central organelle in the eukaryotic secretory pathway. The ER functions in protein synthesis and maturation and is crucial for proper maintenance of cellular homeostasis and adaptation to adverse environments. Acting as a cellular sentinel, the ER is exquisitely sensitive to changing environments principally via the ER quality control machinery. When perturbed, ER-stress triggers a tightly regulated and highly conserved, signal transduction pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) that prevents the dangerous accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins. In situations where excessive UPR activity surpasses threshold levels, cells deteriorate and eventually trigger programmed cell death (PCD) as a way for the organism to cope with dysfunctional or toxic signals. The programmed cell death that results from excessive ER stress in mammalian systems contributes to several important diseases including hypoxia, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Importantly, hallmark features and markers of cell death that are associated with ER stress in mammals are also found in plants. In particular, there is a common, conserved set of chaperones that modulate ER cell death signaling. Here we review the elements of plant cell death responses to ER stress and note that an increasing number of plant-pathogen interactions are being identified in which the host ER is targeted by plant pathogens to establish compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Martin B Dickman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, USA
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82
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Webb KM, Broccardo CJ, Prenni JE, Wintermantel WM. Proteomic Profiling of Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris) Leaves during Rhizomania Compatible Interactions. Proteomes 2014; 2:208-223. [PMID: 28250378 PMCID: PMC5302737 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), severely impacts sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production throughout the world, and is widely prevalent in most production regions. Initial efforts to characterize proteome changes focused primarily on identifying putative host factors that elicit resistant interactions with BNYVV, but as resistance breaking strains become more prevalent, effective disease control strategies will require the application of novel methods based on better understanding of disease susceptibility and symptom development. Herein, proteomic profiling was conducted on susceptible sugar beet, infected with two strains of BNYVV, to clarify the types of proteins prevalent during compatible virus-host plant interactions. Total protein was extracted from sugar beet leaf tissue infected with BNYVV, quantified, and analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 203 proteins were confidently identified, with a predominance of proteins associated with photosynthesis and energy, metabolism, and response to stimulus. Many proteins identified in this study are typically associated with systemic acquired resistance and general plant defense responses. These results expand on relatively limited proteomic data available for sugar beet and provide the ground work for additional studies focused on understanding the interaction of BNYVV with sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Webb
- USDA-ARS-SBRU, Crops Research Laboratory, 1701 Centre Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA.
| | - Carolyn J Broccardo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, C130 Microbiology, 2021 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, C130 Microbiology, 2021 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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83
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Williams B, Verchot J, Dickman MB. When supply does not meet demand-ER stress and plant programmed cell death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:211. [PMID: 24926295 PMCID: PMC4045240 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central organelle in the eukaryotic secretory pathway. The ER functions in protein synthesis and maturation and is crucial for proper maintenance of cellular homeostasis and adaptation to adverse environments. Acting as a cellular sentinel, the ER is exquisitely sensitive to changing environments principally via the ER quality control machinery. When perturbed, ER-stress triggers a tightly regulated and highly conserved, signal transduction pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) that prevents the dangerous accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins. In situations where excessive UPR activity surpasses threshold levels, cells deteriorate and eventually trigger programmed cell death (PCD) as a way for the organism to cope with dysfunctional or toxic signals. The programmed cell death that results from excessive ER stress in mammalian systems contributes to several important diseases including hypoxia, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Importantly, hallmark features and markers of cell death that are associated with ER stress in mammals are also found in plants. In particular, there is a common, conserved set of chaperones that modulate ER cell death signaling. Here we review the elements of plant cell death responses to ER stress and note that an increasing number of plant-pathogen interactions are being identified in which the host ER is targeted by plant pathogens to establish compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater, OK, USA
| | - Martin B. Dickman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
- *Correspondence: Martin B. Dickman, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA e-mail:
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84
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Yamamoto M, Shitsukawa N, Yamada M, Kato K, Takumi S, Kawaura K, Ogihara Y, Murai K. Identification of a novel homolog for a calmodulin-binding protein that is upregulated in alloplasmic wheat showing pistillody. PLANTA 2013. [PMID: 23192388 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling pathways between the mitochondria and the nucleus are important in both normal and abnormal development in plants. The homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (a phenomenon termed pistillody) in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been suggested to be induced by mitochondrial retrograde signaling, one of the forms of intracellular communication. We showed previously that the mitochondrial gene orf260 could alter the expression of nuclear class B MADS-box genes to induce pistillody. To elucidate the interactions between orf260 and nuclear homeotic genes, we performed a microarray analysis to compare gene expression patterns in the young spikes of a pistillody line and a normal line. We identified five genes that showed higher expression levels in the pistillody line. Quantitative expression analysis using real-time PCR indicated that among these five genes, Wheat Calmodulin-Binding Protein 1 (WCBP1) was significantly upregulated in young spikes of the pistillody line. The amino acid sequence of WCBP1 was predicted from the full-length cDNA sequence and found to encode a novel plant calmodulin-binding protein. RT-PCR analysis indicated that WCBP1 was preferentially expressed in young spikes at an early stage and decreased during spike maturation, indicating that it was associated with spikelet/floret development. Furthermore, in situ hybridization analysis suggested that WCBP1 was highly expressed in the pistil-like stamens at early to late developmental stages. These results indicate that WCBP1 plays a role in formation and development of pistil-like stamens induced by mitochondrial retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-kenjojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
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85
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Thuleau P, Aldon D, Cotelle V, Brière C, Ranty B, Galaud JP, Mazars C. Relationships between calcium and sphingolipid-dependent signalling pathways during the early steps of plant-pathogen interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:1590-4. [PMID: 23219859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An increase in cellular calcium ion (Ca(2+)) concentration is now acknowledged to be one of the earliest events occurring during the induction of plant defence responses to a wide variety of pathogens. Sphingoid long-chain bases (LCBs) have also been recently demonstrated to be important mediators of defence-related programmed cell death during pathogen attack. Here, we present recent data highlighting how Ca(2+) and LCBs may be interconnected to regulate cellular processes which lead either to plant susceptibility or to resistance mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Thuleau
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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86
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Leba LJ, Cheval C, Ortiz-Martín I, Ranty B, Beuzón CR, Galaud JP, Aldon D. CML9, an Arabidopsis calmodulin-like protein, contributes to plant innate immunity through a flagellin-dependent signalling pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 71:976-89. [PMID: 22563930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many stimuli such as hormones and elicitors induce changes in intracellular calcium levels to integrate information and activate appropriate responses. The Ca(2+) signals are perceived by various Ca(2+) sensors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best characterized in eukaryotes. Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins extend the Ca(2+) toolkit in plants; they share sequence similarity with the ubiquitous and highly conserved CaM but their roles at physiological and molecular levels are largely unknown. Knowledge of the contribution of Ca(2+) decoding proteins to plant immunity is emerging, and we report here data on Arabidopsis thaliana CML9, whose expression is rapidly induced by phytopathogenic bacteria, flagellin and salicylic acid. Using a reverse genetic approach, we present evidence that CML9 is involved in plant defence by modulating responses to bacterial strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Compared to wild-type plants, the later responses normally observed upon flagellin application are altered in knockout mutants and over-expressing transgenic lines. Collectively, using PAMP treatment and P. syringae strains, we have established that CML9 participates in plant innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Jérôme Leba
- Université de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UMR 5546, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP 42617, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
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87
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Wan D, Li R, Zou B, Zhang X, Cong J, Wang R, Xia Y, Li G. Calmodulin-binding protein CBP60g is a positive regulator of both disease resistance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1269-81. [PMID: 22466450 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Calmodulin-binding proteins (CBPs) have been known to be involved in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. Recently, two closely related CBPs, Arabidopsis SAR Deficient 1 and CBP60g, were found to belong to a new family of transcription factors that regulate salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns. In this study, we found that overexpression of CBP60g in Arabidopsis caused elevated SA accumulation, increased expression of the defense genes, and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. In addition to the enhanced defense response, the CBP60g overexpression lines showed hypersensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and enhanced tolerance to drought stress. We also found that treatment with ABA and drought stress leads to a higher expression level of the ICS1 gene, which encodes isochorismate synthase, in the CBP60g overexpression lines than in the wild-type control plants. Our results suggest that CBP60g serves as a molecular link that positively regulates ABA- and SA-mediated pathways in plants. KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of CBP60g in Arabidopsis enhanced the defense response, hypersensitivity to abscisic acid and tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, People's Republic of China
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88
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Perochon A, Aldon D, Galaud JP, Ranty B. Calmodulin and calmodulin-like proteins in plant calcium signaling. Biochimie 2011; 93:2048-53. [PMID: 21798306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a primary calcium sensor in all eukaryotes. It binds calcium and regulates the activity of a wide range of effector proteins in response to calcium signals. The list of CaM targets includes plant-specific proteins whose functions are progressively being elucidated. Plants also possess numerous calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) that appear to have evolved unique functions. Functional studies of CaM and CMLs in plants highlight the importance of this protein family in the regulation of plant development and stress responses by converting calcium signals into transcriptional responses, protein phosphorylation or metabolic changes. This review summarizes some of the significant progress made by biochemical and genetic studies in identifying the properties and physiological functions of plant CaMs and CMLs. We discuss emerging paradigms in the field and highlight the areas that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Perochon
- UMR 5546 CNRS/Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Pole de biotechnologie vegetale, Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
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89
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Park HC, Park CY, Koo SC, Cheong MS, Kim KE, Kim MC, Lim CO, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Chung WS. AtCML8, a calmodulin-like protein, differentially activating CaM-dependent enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2010; 29:1297-304. [PMID: 20820784 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants express many calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins that sense and transduce different Ca(2+) signals. Previously, we reported divergent soybean (Glycine max) CaM isoforms (GmCaM4/5) with differential abilities to activate CaM-dependent enzymes. To elucidate biological functions of divergent CaM proteins, we isolated a cDNA encoding a CML protein, AtCML8, from Arabidopsis. AtCML8 shows highest identity with GmCaM4 at the protein sequence level. Expression of AtCML8 was high in roots, leaves, and flowers but low in stems. In addition, the expression of AtCML8 was induced by exposure to salicylic acid or NaCl. AtCML8 showed typical characteristics of CaM such as Ca(2+)-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift and Ca(2+) binding ability. In immunoblot analyses, AtCML8 was recognized only by antiserum against GmCaM4 but not by GmCaM1 antibodies. Interestingly, AtCML8 was able to activate phosphodiesterase (PDE) but did not activate NAD kinase. These results suggest that AtCML8 acts as a CML protein in Arabidopsis with characteristics similar to soybean divergent GmCaM4 at the biochemical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Cheol Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Jinju, Korea.
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90
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Landoni M, De Francesco A, Galbiati M, Tonelli C. A loss-of-function mutation in Calmodulin2 gene affects pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 74:235-247. [PMID: 20683641 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CAM) is an ubiquitous calcium binding protein whose function is to translate the signals, perceived as calcium concentration variations, into the appropriate cellular responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana there are 4 CAM isoforms which are highly similar, encoded by 7 genes, and one possible explanation proposed for the evolutionary conservation of the CAM gene family is that the different genes have acquired different functions so that they play possibly overlapping but non-identical roles. Here we report the characterization of the Arabidopsis mutant cam2-2, identified among the lines of the gene-trapping collection EXOTIC because of a distorted segregation of kanamycin resistance. Phenotypic analysis showed that in normal growth conditions cam2-2 plants were indistinguishable from the wild type while genetic analysis showed a reduced transmission of the cam2-2 allele through the male gametophyte and in vitro pollen germination revealed a reduced level of germination in comparison with the wild type. These results provide genetic evidence of the involvement of a CAM gene in pollen germination and support the theory of functional diversification of the CAM gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Landoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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91
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Perochon A, Dieterle S, Pouzet C, Aldon D, Galaud JP, Ranty B. Interaction of a plant pseudo-response regulator with a calmodulin-like protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 398:747-51. [PMID: 20627089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) plays a crucial role in the regulation of diverse cellular processes by modulating the activities of numerous target proteins. Plants possess an extended CaM family including numerous CaM-like proteins (CMLs), most of which appear to be unique to plants. We previously demonstrated a role for CML9 in abiotic stress tolerance and seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. We report here the isolation of PRR2, a pseudo-response regulator as a CML9 interacting protein by screening an expression library prepared from Arabidopsis seedlings with CML9 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid system. PRR2 is similar to the response regulators of the two-component system, but lacks the invariant residue required for phosphorylation by which response regulators switch their output response, suggesting the existence of alternative regulatory mechanisms. PRR2 was found to bind CML9 and closely related CMLs but not a canonical CaM. Mapping analyses indicate that an almost complete form of PRR2 is required for interaction with CML9, suggesting a recognition mode different from the classical CaM-target peptide complex. PRR2 contains several features that are typical of transcription factors, including a GARP DNA recognition domain, a Pro-rich region and a Golden C-terminal box. PRR2 and CML9 as fusion proteins with fluorescent tags co-localized in the nucleus of plant cells, and their interaction in the nuclear compartment was validated in planta by using a fluorophore-tagged protein interaction assay. These findings suggest that binding of PRR2 to CML9 may be an important mechanism to modulate the physiological role of this transcription factor in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Perochon
- UMR 5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Pole de Biotechnologie végétale, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France
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92
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Dagher R, Brière C, Fève M, Zeniou M, Pigault C, Mazars C, Chneiweiss H, Ranjeva R, Kilhoffer MC, Haiech J. Calcium fingerprints induced by calmodulin interactors in eukaryotic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2009; 1793:1068-77. [PMID: 19133300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger which promotes cell responses through transient changes in intracellular concentrations. The prominent role of Ca2+ in cell physiology is mediated by a whole set of proteins constituting a Ca2+-signalling toolkit involved in Ca2+-signal generation, deciphering and arrest. The different Ca2+-signalosomes deliver Ca2+-signals with spatial and temporal dynamics to control the function of specific cell types. Among the intracellular proteins involved in Ca2+-signal deciphering, calmodulin (CaM) plays a pivotal role in controlling Ca2+-homeostasis and downstream Ca2+-based signalling events. Due to its ubiquitous expression in eukaryotic cells and the variety of proteins it interacts with, CaM is central in Ca2+-signalling networks. For these reasons, it is expected that disrupting or modifying CaM interactions with its target proteins will affect Ca2+-homeostasis and cellular responses. The resulting calcium response will vary depending on which interactions between CaM and target proteins are altered by the molecules and on the specific Ca2+-toolkit expressed in a given cell, even in the resting state. In the present paper, the effect of six classical CaM interactors (W5, W7, W12, W13, bifonazole and calmidazolium) was studied on Ca2+-signalling in tumor initiating cells isolated from human glioblastoma (TG1) and tobacco cells (BY-2) using the fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive Indo-1 dye and aequorin, respectively. Various Ca2+-fingerprints were obtained depending both on the CaM interactor used and the cell type investigated. These data demonstrate that interaction between the antagonists and CaM results in a differential inhibition of CaM-dependent proteins involved in Ca2+-signal regulation. In addition, the distinct Ca2+-fingerprints in tobacco and human tumor initiating glioblastoma cells induced by a given CaM interactor highlight the specificity of the Ca2+-signalosome in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Dagher
- UMR CNRS 7200, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie 74, route du Rhin, F-67401 Illkirch, France
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93
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Magnan F, Ranty B, Charpenteau M, Sotta B, Galaud JP, Aldon D. Mutations in AtCML9, a calmodulin-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, alter plant responses to abiotic stress and abscisic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 56:575-89. [PMID: 18643966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many stimuli, such as hormones and abiotic stress factors, elicit changes in intracellular calcium levels that serve to convey information and activate appropriate responses. The Ca2+ signals are perceived by different Ca2+ receptors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best-characterized Ca2+ sensors in eukaryotes. Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins also exist in plants; they share sequence similarity with the ubiquitous and highly conserved CaM, but their roles at the physiological and molecular levels are largely unknown. We present data on Arabidopsis thaliana CML9 (AtCML9) that exhibits 46% amino acid sequence identity with CaM. AtCML9 transcripts are found in all major organs, and a putative AtCML9 regulatory region confers reporter gene expression at various sites, including root apex, stomata, hydathodes and trichomes. AtCML9 expression is rapidly induced by abiotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) in young seedlings, and by using cml9 knock-out mutants we present evidence that AtCML9 plays essential roles in modulating responses to salt stress and ABA. Seed germination and seedling growth for the mutant lines present a hypersensitive response to ABA that could be correlated with enhanced tolerance to salt stress and water deficit. Mutations of the AtCML9 gene also alter the expression of several stress-regulated genes, suggesting that AtCML9 is involved in salt stress tolerance through its effects on the ABA-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Magnan
- UMR 5546 CNRS-Université Toulouse III, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, 24 Chemin de Borde-Rouge, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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94
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Ranty B, Aldon D, Galaud JP. Régulation de l’expression génique par la calmoduline chez les plantes. Med Sci (Paris) 2007; 23:13-4. [PMID: 17212921 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200723113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Ranty
- UMR 5546 CNRS/ Université Paul Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, BP 42617 Auzeville, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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