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Hocaoglu-Emre FS, Saribal D, Yenmis G, Guvenen G. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1, and Cluster of Differentiation 146 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Complications. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2017; 32:99-105. [PMID: 28345319 PMCID: PMC5368129 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2017.32.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multisystemic, chronic disease accompanied by microvascular complications involving various complicated mechanisms. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and cluster of differentiation-146 (CD146) are mainly expressed by endothelial cells, and facilitate the adhesion and transmigration of immune cells, leading to inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the levels of soluble adhesion molecules in patients with microvascular complications of T2DM. METHODS Serum and whole blood samples were collected from 58 T2DM patients with microvascular complications and 20 age-matched healthy subjects. Levels of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while flow cytometry was used to determine CD146 levels. RESULTS Serum sICAM-1 levels were lower in T2DM patients with microvascular complications than in healthy controls (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in sVCAM-1 and CD146 levels between the study and the control group. Although patients were subdivided into groups according to the type of microvascular complications that they experienced, cell adhesion molecule levels were not correlated with the complication type. CONCLUSION In the study group, most of the patients were on insulin therapy (76%), and 95% of them were receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor agents. Insulin and ACE-inhibitors have been shown to decrease soluble adhesion molecule levels via various mechanisms, so we suggest that the decreased or unchanged levels of soluble forms of cellular adhesion molecules in our study group may have resulted from insulin and ACE-inhibitor therapy, as well as tissue-localized inflammation in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devrim Saribal
- Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Yenmis
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guvenc Guvenen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bezmi Alem University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease: the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 49:837-844. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Behl T, Kotwani A. Proposed mechanisms of Terminalia catappa in hyperglycaemia and associated diabetic complications. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 69:123-134. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Terminalia catappa has shown potent antidiabetic activity in the past; however, the exact molecular mechanisms by which it acts have not been elucidated. This review aims at exploring several hypotheses which have been proposed to explain its mechanism of action, including reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, lipid profile correction and direct hypoglycaemic actions.
Methods
A thorough review of all the articles, research as well as reviews, available regarding the concerned topic was performed. MEDLINE databases were searched using keywords (and their combinations), such as T. catappa, renin oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, diabetic retinopathy, α-glucosidase and α-amylase, among several others. English-language articles were preferably selected.
Key findings
Apart from metabolic dysfunctions, several hyperglycaemia-induced pathological conditions come into scene as the after-effects of diabetes. These mainly include inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and lipid profile alteration, which ultimately result in vascular endothelial dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis of endothelial, hepatic and neuronal cells. Terminalia catappa effectively attenuates the progression of diabetic retinopathy and shows significant hypoglycaemic actions. The mechanisms behind these effects were explained.
Conclusion
Terminalia catappa may provide an effective natural product to treat hyperglycaemia and prevent subsequent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Kotwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Czajka A, Malik AN. Hyperglycemia induced damage to mitochondrial respiration in renal mesangial and tubular cells: Implications for diabetic nephropathy. Redox Biol 2016; 10:100-107. [PMID: 27710853 PMCID: PMC5053113 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to renal tubular and mesangial cells is central to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a complication of diabetes which can lead to renal failure. Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration and produce energy in the form of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in DN. Since the kidney is an organ with high bioenergetic needs, we postulated that hyperglycemia causes damage to renal mitochondria resulting in bioenergetic deficit. The bioenergetic profiles and the effect of hyperglycemia on cellular respiration of human primary mesangial (HMCs) and proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were compared in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions using the seahorse bio-analyzer. In normoglycemia, HK-2 had significantly lower basal, ATP-linked and maximal respiration rates, and lower reserve capacity compared to HMCs. Hyperglycemia caused a down-regulation of all respiratory parameters within 4 days in HK-2 but not in HMCs. After 8 days of hyperglycemia, down-regulation of respiratory parameters persisted in tubular cells with compensatory up-regulated glycolysis. HMCs had reduced maximal respiration and reserve capacity at 8 days, and by 12 days had compromised mitochondrial respiration despite which they did not enhance glycolysis. These data suggest that diabetes is likely to lead to a cellular deficit in ATP production in both cell types, although with different sensitivities, and this mechanism could significantly contribute to the cellular damage seen in the diabetic kidney. Prevention of diabetes induced damage to renal mitochondrial respiration may be a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention/treatment of DN. The kidney as an organ has high bioenergetic needs. Cultured renal mesangial and tubular cells have different bioenergetic profiles. Hyperglycemia had a toxic effect on renal cell mitochondrial metabolism. Mesangial cells were more resistant to diabetes induced damage to cellular respiration than tubular cells. Energy deficit in renal cells may be a contributing factor to renal damage in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czajka
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Katary MM, Pye C, Elmarakby AA. Meloxicam fails to augment the reno-protective effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via increased 20-HETE levels. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 132:3-11. [PMID: 27596333 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins and the anti-inflammatory cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) play an important role in the regulation of renal injury. The current study examined whether COX inhibition augments the reno-protective effects of increased EETs levels via inhibiting EETs degradation by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (50mg/kg, i.v) was used to induce diabetes in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were then divided into 5 groups (n=6-8); control non diabetic, diabetic, diabetic treated with the sEH inhibitor trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB), diabetic treated with the COX inhibitor meloxicam and diabetic treated with meloxicam plus t-AUCB for 2 months. Glomerular albumin permeability and urinary albumin and nephrin excretion levels were significantly elevated in diabetic rats together with decreased glomerular α3 integrin and nephrin expression levels. Inhibition of sEH reduced glomerular albumin permeability, albumin and nephrin excretion levels and restored the decrease in glomerular α3 integrin and nephrin expression in diabetic rats. Meloxicam failed to reduce renal injury or even to synergize the reno-protective effects of sEH inhibition in diabetic rats. Furthermore, inhibition of sEH reduced the elevation in renal collagen deposition and urinary MCP-1 excretion levels together with a reduction in the number of renal TUNEL positive cells in diabetic vs. control rats (P<0.05). Meloxicam did not reduce renal inflammation or apoptosis in diabetic rats or even exacerbate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of sEH inhibition. Renal 20-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (20-HETE) levels were elevated in diabetic rats and meloxicam further exacerbated this elevation. In conclusion, our study suggests that inhibition of COX failed to provide renal protection or to augment the reno-protective effects of sEH inhibition in diabetic rats, at least in part, via increased inflammatory 20-HETE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Katary
- Department of Oral Biology & Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Egypt
| | - Chelsey Pye
- Department of Oral Biology & Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology & Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
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Sangoi MB, de Carvalho JAM, Tatsch E, Hausen BS, Bollick YS, Londero SWK, Duarte T, Scolari R, Duarte MMMF, Premaor MO, Comim FV, Moretto MB, Moresco RN. Urinary inflammatory cytokines as indicators of kidney damage in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 460:178-83. [PMID: 27353644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether urinary levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) are altered in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and whether these cytokines are able to identify diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among these patients. METHODS This study included 125 T2DM patients classified into 3 groups according to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR): uACR <10mg/g creatinine, uACR 10-30mg/g creatinine and uACR >30mg/g creatinine. Urinary inflammatory cytokines were measured. RESULTS The urinary IL-6 concentrations increased from uACR <10 (97.2±26.4pg/ml) to uACR 10-30 (113.6±28.0pg/ml) and to uACR >30mg/g creatinine (163.5±25.6pg/ml) (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively) patients. The urinary IL-10 concentrations decreased in these uACR ranges [100.0 (58.0-141.0) pg/ml vs. 62.0 (54.5-71.5) pg/ml vs. 42.0 (32.0-48.0) pg/ml] (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). All urinary cytokines demonstrated good ability to identify DKD (areas under curves >0.9). CONCLUSIONS Urinary inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-10, may assist in the identification of DKD in T2DM patients, even in the absence of micro- and macroalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Borges Sangoi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Integrated Regional University of High Uruguay and Missions, Santiago, RS, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - José Antonio M de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Etiane Tatsch
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Hausen
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Yãnaí S Bollick
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sílvia W K Londero
- University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Duarte
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério Scolari
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Labimed, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta M M F Duarte
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Labimed, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa O Premaor
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio V Comim
- Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria B Moretto
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Moresco
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Pharmacology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Samra YA, Said HS, Elsherbiny NM, Liou GI, El-Shishtawy MM, Eissa LA. Cepharanthine and Piperine ameliorate diabetic nephropathy in rats: role of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Life Sci 2016; 157:187-199. [PMID: 27266851 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperglycemia leads to elevation of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines which are the main causes of diabetic nephropathy (DN). NLRP3 inflammasome and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) are recently assumed to participate in the development of DN. We aimed to investigate the effects of Cepharanthine (CEP), Piperine (Pip) and their combination in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN focusing on their role to modulate NLRP3 and TXNIP induced inflammation. MAIN METHODS Diabetic rats were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CEP (10mg/kg/day), Pip (30mg/kg/day) or their combination for 8weeks. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed by ELISA technique. TXNIP and NLRP3 genes expressions were evaluated by real time-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Diabetic rats showed significant increase in renal TXNIP and NLRP3 expression. CEP, Pip or their combination significantly decreased TXNIP and NLRP3 expression in diabetic kidneys. Hyperglycemia induced NF-κB activation leading to increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels. CEP, Pip or their combination showed significant inhibition of NF-κB together with decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels in diabetic rats. Also, diabetic rats showed significant decrease in creatinine clearance and increase in blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, proteinuria, and kidney weight to body Weight ratio. All of these changes were reversed by CEP, Pip or their combination. SIGNIFICANCE The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CEP and Pip which were accompanied by inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 activation might be helpful mechanisms to halt the progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Heba S Said
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gregory I Liou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Laila A Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Wang WN, Zhang WL, Zhou GY, Ma FZ, Sun T, Su SS, Xu ZG. Prediction of the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy by bioinformatics methods. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1181-8. [PMID: 26986014 PMCID: PMC4829133 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of and genetic factors influencing diabetic nephropathy (DN). Gene expression profiles associated with DN were obtained from the GEO database (Accession no. GSE20844). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between diabetic mice and non-diabetic mice were screened. Subsequently, the DEGs were subjected to functional and pathway analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the transcription factors (TFs) were screened among the DEGs. A total of 92 upregulated and 118 downregulated genes were screened. Pathway analysis revealed that the p53 signaling pathway, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were significantly enriched by upregulated genes. Serpine1 (also known as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), early growth response 1 (Egr1) and Mdk were found to be significant nodes in the PPI network by three methods. A total of 12 TFs were found to be differentially expressed, of which nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (Nr4a1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) were found to have multiple interactions with other DEGs. We demonstrated that the p53 signaling pathway, the TGF-β signaling pathway and the MAPK signaling pathway were dysregulated in the diabetic mice. The significant nodes (Serpine1, Egr1 and Mdk) and differentially expressed TFs (Nr4a1 and Pparg) may provide a novel avenue for the targeted therapy of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Long Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Zhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Sen-Sen Su
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Gao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Mohamed Assem SM, Nadia MSA, Sara AMA. Effect of canagliflozin or metformin on metabolic disorders in obese diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2015.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chen F, Zhang N, Ma X, Huang T, Shao Y, Wu C, Wang Q. Naringin Alleviates Diabetic Kidney Disease through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Reaction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143868. [PMID: 26619044 PMCID: PMC4664292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringin, a flavanone glycoside extracted from Citrus grandis Osbeck, has a wide range of pharmacological effects. In the present study we aimed at demonstrating the protective effect of naringin against diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and elucidating its possible molecular mechanism underlying. The beneficial effect of naringin was assessed in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and high glucose-induced HBZY-1 cells. According to our results, first we found that naringin relieved kidney injury, improved renal function and inhibited collagen formation and renal interstitial fibrosis. Second, we confirmed that naringin restrained oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Moreover, the results suggested that naringin significantly resisted inflammatory reaction by inhibiting NF- κ B signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that naringin effectively alleviates DKD, which provide theoretical basis for naringin clinically used to treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenqin Chen
- Department of Geratology for Cadres, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathphysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Geratology for Cadres, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Geratology for Cadres, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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The Expression of Tristetraprolin and Its Relationship with Urinary Proteins in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141471. [PMID: 26517838 PMCID: PMC4627660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Tristetraprolin (TTP), also known as zinc finger protein 36, is an RNA binding protein that has a significant role in regulating the expression of mRNAs containing AU-rich elements. We postulated that TTP might regulate interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 expression in diabetes. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the levels of TTP are correlated with nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Eighty-seven patients (61.3±9.6 years old) who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 41 age and sex matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. The diabetes patients were classified into those without proteinuria, with microalbuminuria, and with clinical proteinuria groups according to the ratio of urinary excretion of albumin/creatinine (ACR). Results Serum and urinary levels of IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly elevated, but those of TTP were significantly decreased in patients with diabetes as compared with control subjects. In addition, serum and urinary levels of IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly higher, but those of TTP were significantly lower in patients with proteinuria than in patients without proteinuria or with microalbuminuria. There was a significant correlation between serum TTP and IL-6/IL-18 (correlation coefficients of -0.572 and -0.685, P < 0.05). Conclusion These results show that diabetes with clinical proteinuria is accompanied by decreased urinary and serum level of TTP and increased levels of IL-6 and IL-18. Decreased TTP expression might occur prior to the increase in IL-6 and IL-18, and decrease of TTP might provide an earlier marker for glomerular dysfunction than IL-6 and IL-18.
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Kahvecioglu S, Guclu M, Ustundag Y, Gul CB, Dogan I, Dagel T, Esen B, Akturk Esen S, Celik H, Esen I. Evaluation of serum Spondin 2 levels in the different stages of Type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2015; 20:721-726. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Kahvecioglu
- Department of Nephrology; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Metin Guclu
- Department of Endocrinology; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Cuma Bulent Gul
- Department of Nephrology; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Dogan
- Department of Nephrology; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Tuncay Dagel
- Department of Nephrology; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Bennur Esen
- Department of Nephrology; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Selin Akturk Esen
- Department of Internal Medicine; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Huseyin Celik
- Department of Nephrology; Acibadem Hospital; Bursa Turkey
| | - Irfan Esen
- Department of Internal Medicine; Bursa Sevket Yilmaz Training and Research Hospital; Bursa Turkey
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Ururahy MAG, de Souza KSC, Oliveira YMDC, Loureiro MB, da Silva HPV, Freire-Neto FP, Bezerra JF, Luchessi AD, Doi SQ, Hirata RDC, Almeida MDG, Arrais RF, Hirata MH, de Rezende AA. Association of polymorphisms in IL6 gene promoter region with type 1 diabetes and increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:500-6. [PMID: 25384728 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been considered as key factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and diabetic nephropathy, thus, our aim was to investigate the association of IL6-174G>C (rs1800795) and -634C>G (rs1800796) polymorphisms with T1DM susceptibility and diabetic nephropathy. METHODS These polymorphisms were analyzed in 144 children and adolescents with T1DM and 173 normoglycemic control subjects. Glycemic control, laboratory parameters of kidney function and serum lipids were evaluated. By studying only T1DM patients, we evaluated the polymorphisms associated with relevant biochemical parameters in various genetic models. RESULTS Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients showed poor glycemic control and albumin-to-creatinine ratio, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels increased when compared with normoglycemic subjects (p < 0.001, p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). IL6-174C allele was associated with an increased risk of developing T1DM (OR = 1.53, CI = 1.01-2.31, p = 0.044). In the T1DM group, IL6-174CC carriers showed higher concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.029), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (p = 0.021), total cholesterol (p = 0.010), and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.002), when compared with GG+GC carriers. No association was found for the IL6-634C>G polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IL6-174G>C may contribute to T1DM and increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio as well as to poor glycemic control and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - Karla Simone Costa de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - Yonara Monique da Costa Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - Melina Bezerra Loureiro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - Heglayne Pereira Vital da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - Francisco Paulo Freire-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59072970, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Bezerra
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - André Ducati Luchessi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - Sonia Quateli Doi
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fernando Arrais
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59012570, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES A growing body of evidence emerges that obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are intimately related to chronic inflammation. METHODS A narrative review summarizing the most recent data of the literature describing the pathological implications of inflammation in obese patients with cardiometabolic disorders. RESULTS Besides high-sensitive C-reactive protein, various circulating or in situ inflammatory markers have been identified, presumably reflecting the presence of inflammation in various key-organs (visceral adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, liver, intestine, arterial wall). Available data support the concept that targeting inflammation, not only reduces systemic inflammatory markers, but also improves insulin sensitivity and ameliorates glucose control in insulin-resistant patients, thus potentially reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications. CONCLUSION These observations confirm the role of inflammation in cardiometabolic diseases and support the development of pharmacological strategies that aim at reducing inflammation, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Sokup A, Wernik T, Ruprecht Z, Góralczyk B, Góralczyk K, Gadomska G, Rość D. Effect of uncontrolled hyperglycemia on levels of adhesion molecules in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:355-61. [PMID: 25990052 PMCID: PMC4432987 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncontrolled diabetes has become a major cause of mortality and morbidity by reason of vascular angiopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of soluble forms of vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), E-selectin, and thrombomodulin in patients with well-controlled and uncontrolled diabetes type 2. METHODS The study was conducted on 62 patients with diabetes. Group I consisted of 35 patients with well-controlled diabetes. The second group included 27 patients with uncontrolled diabetes with micro-albuminuria. A control group was made up of 25 healthy volunteers. The concentrations of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sE-selectin, and soluble thrombomodulin were assayed in plasma. Serum concentration of creatinine was measured and the plasma concentrations of fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) determined. RESULTS Lower concentrations of ICAM-1 were found in the group of uncontrolled diabetes patients compared with those with well-controlled disease. In patients with uncontrolled diabetes, VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher compared with the group with well-controlled diabetes. In patients with uncontrolled diabetes a positive correlation was obtained between glomerular filtration rate and sE-selectin and a negative correlation between the levels of creatinine and ICAM-1, although there was a positive correlation between (HbA1c) and ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the participation of the inflammatory process associated with impaired vascular endothelial function in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The opposite effect of uncontrolled hyperglycemia on adhesion molecules suggests different functions of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland
| | - Alina Sokup
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wernik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland
| | - Zofia Ruprecht
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland
| | - Barbara Góralczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Góralczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland
| | - Grażyna Gadomska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland
| | - Danuta Rość
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz PL 85-094, Poland
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Oghbaei H, Ahmadi Asl N, Sheikhzadeh F, Alipour MR, Khamaneh AM. The Effect of Regular Moderate Exercise on miRNA-192 Expression Changes in Kidney of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:127-32. [PMID: 25789230 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2015.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the regular moderate exercise effect on the miR-192 expression changes in kidney of Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. METHODS Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 10, including Sedentary Control group, Healthy 60 days Exercise group, diabetic group and Diabetic 60 days Exercise. Diabetes was induced by injection of 60 mg/kg Streptozotocin and after 48 hour blood glucose levels higher than 250 mg/dl were included to diabetic rats. After 48 hour of induction diabetes, exercise protocol was begun. Animals performed 5 days of consecutive treadmill exercise (60 min/day) with 22 m/min speeds for 60 days. Kidney of the rats has removed and MicroRNA was extracted from kidney using miRCURY(TM) RNA isolation kit. RESULTS Exercise upregulated miR-192 expression level significantly in the kidney of diabetic rats in comparison to healthy group. There is not any significant change in miR-192 expression in diabetic 60 days exercise compared to control group. CONCLUSION These results may indicate that exercise can help to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Oghbaei
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi Asl
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzam Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mahdi Khamaneh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Maccari R, Ottanà R. Targeting Aldose Reductase for the Treatment of Diabetes Complications and Inflammatory Diseases: New Insights and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2014; 58:2047-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Maccari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del
Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ottanà
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del
Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Shalaby MA, Saifan HY. Some pharmacological effects of cinnamon and ginger herbs in obese diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2014; 3:144-9. [PMID: 26401364 PMCID: PMC4576807 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20140818050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was designed to assess some pharmacological effects of cinnamon (CAE) and ginger (GAE) aqueous extracts in obese diabetic rats, and to elucidate the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 6 equal groups. Group 1 was a negative control and the other groups were rendered obese by feeding rats on high-fat diet for 4 weeks. The obese rats were subcutaneously injected with alloxan for 5*days to induce diabetes. Group 2 was a positive control, and Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were orally given CAE in doses 200 and 400 mg/kg and GAE in the same doses, respectively for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected for serum biochemical analyses. Kidneys were dissected out to assay activity of tissue antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. RESULTS CAE and GAE significantly reduced body weight and body fat mass; normalized serum levels of liver enzymes; improved lipid profile; decreased blood glucose and leptin and increased insulin serum levels in obese diabetic rats. Both extracts also increased activity of kidney antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION CAE and GAE exhibit anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic and anti-oxidant effects in obese diabetic rats. These results confirm the previous reports on both extracts. The potential mechanisms underlying these effects are fully discussed and clarified. Our results affirm the traditional use of cinnamon and ginger for treating patients suffering from obesity and diabetes. The obese diabetic rat model used in this study is a novel animal model used in pharmacology researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abbas Shalaby
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamed Yahya Saifan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Tikoo K, Lodea S, Karpe PA, Kumar S. Calorie restriction mimicking effects of roflumilast prevents diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1581-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Akbas EM, Demirtas L, Ozcicek A, Timuroglu A, Bakirci EM, Hamur H, Ozcicek F, Turkmen K. Association of epicardial adipose tissue, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with diabetic nephropathy. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:1794-1801. [PMID: 25126182 PMCID: PMC4132146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetic nephropathy, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and inflammation has been shown. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are simple, inexpensive, and useful markers to determine inflammation. However, to date, in the literature, there have been no studies demonstrating the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), inflammation, and albuminuria. AIMS We aimed to investigate the association between diabetic nephropathy, NLR, and PLR as inflammatory markers and EAT thickness. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 200 diabetic patients. The patients were separated into three groups according to their albuminuria levels. The NLR and PLR were calculated from a complete blood count. EAT was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. RESULTS Disease duration, EAT, creatinine, NLR, PLR, absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count tended to increase with increasing albuminuria while the eGFR decreased. When patients were separated into two groups according to NLR and PLR medians, albuminuria levels increased with an increase of the NLR (p = 0.003) and PLR (p = 0.009). A correlation analysis showed that albuminuria was significantly correlated with EAT, disease duration, creatinine, eGFR, PLR, and NLR levels. Additionally, in a binary logistic regression analysis, EAT, NLR, and PLR were found to be independently associated with albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Determining various inflammatory cytokines and measuring abdominal VAT in diabetic patients is complex and expensive. Simply measuring EAT and calculating NLR and PLR can predict inflammation and albuminuria in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Murat Akbas
- Department of Endocrinology, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Erzincan UniversityErzincan, Turkey
| | - Levent Demirtas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Erzincan UniversityErzincan, Turkey
| | - Adalet Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Erzincan UniversityErzincan, Turkey
| | - Aysu Timuroglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Erzincan UniversityErzincan, Turkey
| | - Eftal Murat Bakirci
- Department of Cardiology, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Erzincan UniversityErzincan, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Hamur
- Department of Cardiology, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Erzincan UniversityErzincan, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Erzincan UniversityErzincan, Turkey
| | - Kultigin Turkmen
- Department of Nephrology, Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, School of Medicine, Erzincan UniversityErzincan, Turkey
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Nuclear NF-κB p65 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with urinary MCP-1, RANTES and the severity of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99633. [PMID: 24936866 PMCID: PMC4061032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate if nuclear NF-κB p65 expression in ex vivo isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with urinary MCP-1 or RANTES and the severity of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods According to their urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), 107 patients with type 2 diabetes (eGFR >60 ml/min) were divided into normal albuminuria group (DN0 group, 38 cases), microalbuminuria group (DN1 group, 38 cases), and macroalbuminuria group (DN2 group, 31 cases), compared with matched healthy normal control group (NC group, 30 cases). Nuclear NF-κB p65 protein expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by western blotting. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect NF-κB p65 mRNA expression and ELISA assay was used to detect the levels of urinary MCP-1 and RANTES. Results Nuclear NF-κB p65 protein and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, urinary MCP-1/Cr and RANTES/Cr were all significantly higher in all diabetes groups as compared with NC group. In particular, the increase of nuclear NF-κB p65 protein and NF-κB p65 mRNA expressions, urinary MCP-1/Cr and RANTES/Cr all correlated with the severity of type 2 diabetic nephropathy as indicated by the increase in uACR. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that both urinary MCP-1/Cr and RANTES/Cr were positively correlated with nuclear NF-κB p65 protein or NF-κB p65 mRNA levels. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that nuclear NF-κB p65 protein or NF-κB p65 mRNA was an independent variable for urinary MCP-1/Cr, and MCP-1/Cr and RANTES/Cr were two independent variables for uACR. Conclusion Our research demonstrates that nuclear NF-κB p65 protein and mRNA expressions in ex vivo isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells well correlate with urinary MCP-1/Cr, RANTES/Cr and the severity of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
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Chen J, Guo Y, Zeng W, Huang L, Pang Q, Nie L, Mu J, Yuan F, Feng B. ER stress triggers MCP-1 expression through SET7/9-induced histone methylation in the kidneys of db/db mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F916-25. [PMID: 24452638 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00697.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), although the precise regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Here, we examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase SET7/9-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in the kidneys of db/db mice. Our results indicate that the expression of MCP-1 significantly increased in the kidneys of db/db mice in a time-dependent manner. An increased chromatin mark associated with an active gene (H3K4me1) at MCP-1 promoters accompanied this change in expression. The expression of SET7/9 and the recruitment to these promoters were also elevated. SET7/9 gene silencing with small interfering (si) RNAs significantly attenuated the expression of H3K4me1 and MCP-1. Furthermore, expression of signaling regulator glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a monitor of ER stress, significantly increased in the kidneys of db/db mice. The expression of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s), an ER stress-inducible transcription factor, and recruitment to the SET7/9 promoters were also increased. XBP1s gene silencing with siRNAs significantly attenuated the expression of SET7/9, H3K4me1, and MCP-1. The chaperone betaine not only effectively downregulated the GRP78 and XBP1s expression levels but also markedly decreased the SET7/9, H3K4me1, and MCP-1 levels. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that XBP1s participated in ER stress-induced SET7/9 transcription, Taken together, these results reveal that ER stress can trigger the expression of MCP-1, in part through the XBP1s-mediated induction of SET7/9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigang Chen
- Dept. of Dept. of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical Univ., 183 Xinqiao Main St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Hong T, Guh J, Wu B, Chai C, Huang H, Chen I. Kmup-1 Protects Kidney from Streptozotocin-Induced Pro-Inflammation in Early Diabetic Nephropathy by Restoring Enos/Pparγ and Inhibiting MMP-9. EUR J INFLAMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1401200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KMUP-1 increases nitric oxide (NO) via endothelium nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). Deficiency of eNOS and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aims to investigate whether KMUP-1 inhibits streptozotocin (STZ)-induced proinflammation in early DN. In experiments, STZ was used to induce diabetes in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into four groups, including control, STZ (65 mg/kg, i.p.), STZ+KMUP-1(1 mg/kg) and STZ+KMUP-1 (2.5 mg/kg). KMUP-1 HCl was dissolved in distilled water for oral administration. The morphology of renal tissues was evaluated by periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry of eNOS. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9), eNOS, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2– associated X protein (Bax) and PPARγ of renal tissues were examined by Western blotting technique. NO production was evaluated by Griess reagent. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results indicated that STZ-induced diabetic mellitus (DM) and subsequent DN, including excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) accompanied by enhanced MMP-2/-9, raised ROS production, increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased eNOS/PPARy over a period of 4 weeks. KMUP-1 inhibited STZ-induced hyperglycemia, BUN, MMP-2/MMP-9, and restored eNOS-PPARγ expression in renal tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of eNOS in glomeruli of renal cortical tissue sections indicated that KMUP-1 restored the eNOS caused by STZ. PAS staining of glomeruli indicated that KMUP-1 could not significantly reduce STZ-induced ECM expansion. Moreover, KMUP-1 increased Bcl-2/Bax and decreased ROS. In summary, KMUP-1 inhibits STZ-induced proinflammation in early DN by restoring PPARγ/eNOS and inhibiting MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.Y. Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J.Y. Guh
- Department of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - B.N. Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C.Y. Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H.T. Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I.J. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhang H, Zhao T, Gong Y, Dong X, Zhang W, Sun S, Wang H, Gu Y, Lu X, Yan M, Li P. Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy by Chaihuang-Yishen granule through anti-inflammatory mechanism in streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:556-564. [PMID: 24269779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medical herbs have been used in China for a long time to treat different diseases. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, Chaihuang-Yishen granule (CHYS) was developed and has been employed clinically to treat chronic kidney disease including diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study was designed to investigate its mechanism of action in treatment of DN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic rats were established by having a right uninephrectomy plus a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Rats were divided into four groups of sham, diabetes, diabetes with CHYS and diabetes with fosinopril. CHYS and fosinopril were given to rats by gavage for 20 weeks. Samples from blood, urine and kidney were collected for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. RESULTS Rats treated with CHYS showed reduced 24h urinary protein excretion, decreased serum TC and TG levels, but CHYS treatment did not affect blood glucose level. Glomerular mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic rats were significantly alleviated by CHYS treatment. Moreover, CHYS administration markedly reduced mRNA levels of NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1, as well as decreased protein levels of NF-κB p65, MCP-1, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the kidney of diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS CHYS ameliorates renal injury in diabetic rats through reduction of inflammatory cytokines and their intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sifan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanting Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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Upregulation of microRNA-146a was not accompanied by downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers in diabetic kidney. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6477-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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76
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Protective role of low-dose TGF-β1 in early diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:752-8. [PMID: 24055008 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether low-dose TGF-β1 and/or IL-6-receptorα monoclonal antibody (anti-IL-6Rα) can be used to delay renal damage and preserve renal function by rebalancing regulatory T (Treg)/Th17 cells during the course of early diabetic nephropathy (DN) induced by streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by multiple STZ injection. Low-dose TGF-β1 (0.1 μg/mouse/week) and/or anti-IL-6Rα (10 μg/mouse/week) were administered 6 dozes after STZ injection. After 40 days of diabetes onset, metabolic indices, renal structure, activated Akt and Stat3, Treg/Th17 balance, markers and inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in glomeruli were assessed. RESULTS Low-dose TGF-β1, instead of causing renal damage, decreased blood glucose, ameliorated kidney hypertrophy, attenuated oxidative stress, maintained activated Stat3, and induced Treg/Th17 balance in early DN. Interestingly, low-dose TGF-β1+anti-IL-6Rα or anti-IL-6Rα alone did not attenuate DN. CONCLUSIONS This study provides convincing experimental evidence of the protective effects of low-dose TGF-β1 in improving metabolic disorder and slowing renal damage in early DN.
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77
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Abstract
Inflammation is the process by which an organism responds to tissue injury involving both immune cell recruitment and mediator release. Diverse causes of neuropathic pain are associated with excessive inflammation in both the peripheral and central nervous system which may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of persistent pain. Chemical mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators, released during an inflammatory response have the undesired effect of sensitizing and stimulating nociceptors, their central synaptic targets or both. These changes can promote long-term maladaptive plasticity resulting in persistent neuropathic pain. This review aims to provide an overview of inflammatory mechanisms at differing levels of the sensory neuroaxis with a focus on neuropathic pain. We will compare and contrast neuropathic pain states such as traumatic nerve injury which is associated with a vigorous inflammatory response and chemotherapy induced pain in which the inflammatory response is much more modest. Targeting excessive inflammation in neuropathic pain provides potential therapeutic opportunities and we will discuss some of the opportunities but also the clinical challenges in such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ellis
- King's College London, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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78
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Liu Y, Jia Z, Liu S, Downton M, Liu G, Du Y, Yang T. Combined losartan and nitro-oleic acid remarkably improves diabetic nephropathy in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1555-62. [PMID: 23946292 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00157.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The inhibitors of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) can alleviate some of the symptoms of DN but fail to stop the progression to ESRD. Our previous studies demonstrate renoprotective action of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) in several rodent models of renal disease. Here we examined the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanism of combination of losartan and OA-NO2 in db/db mice. OA-NO2 was infused at 5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) via osmotic minipump, and losartan was incorporated into diet at 10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), each administered alone or in combination for 2 wk. Diabetic db/db mice developed progressive albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, accompanied by podocytes loss, increased indexes of renal fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatment of the diabetic mice with OA-NO2 or losartan alone moderately ameliorated kidney injury; however, the combined treatment remarkably reduced albuminuria, restored glomerular filtration barrier structure, and attenuated glomerulosclerosis, accompanied with significant suppression of renal oxidative stress and inflammation. These data demonstrate that combination of losartan and OA-NO2 effectively reverses renal injury in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Univ. of Utah and Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 30 N 1900 E, Rm. 4R312, Salt Lake City, UT 84132.
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Chang B, Jin C, Zhang W, Kong L, Yang JH, Lian FM, Li QF, Yu B, Liu WK, Yang LL, Zhao P, Zhen Z. Euonymus alatus in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 40:1177-87. [PMID: 23227790 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of chronic renal failure. Recently, Euonymus alatus showed therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetes and its chronic complications. In this study, effects of Euonymus alatus and its mechanism in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy were investigated. Diabetic nephropathy was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by uninephrectomy plus streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Euonymus alatus and irbesartan, as a positive control, were lavaged to these rats for 12 weeks. Our data showed that Euonymus alatus was efficient in lowering HbA1c, improving blood lipids, decreasing 24 h urine protein and protecting kidney function. Pathological studies found kidney damage, including extracellular matrix expansion and glomerulosclerosis, were improved by Euonymus alatus treatment. Further investigation found that the herb had a role in downregulating the expression of transform growth factor β(1). In conclusion, Euonymus alatus has a protective role in diabetic nephropathy, which may be related to its downregulation of transform growth factor β(1) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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80
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Zhang Z, Li BY, Li XL, Cheng M, Yu F, Lu WD, Cai Q, Wang JF, Zhou RH, Gao HQ, Shen L. Proteomic analysis of kidney and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 in db/db mice indicate MFG-E8 as a key molecule in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:805-16. [PMID: 23474305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, as a severe microvascular complication of diabetic mellitus, has become the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases. However, no effective therapeutic strategy has been developed to prevent renal damage progression to end stage renal disease. Hence, the present study evaluated the protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2) and explored its molecular targets underlying diabetic nephropathy by a comprehensive quantitative proteomic analysis in db/db mice. Here, we found that oral administration of GSPB2 significantly attenuated the renal dysfunction and pathological changes in db/db mice. Proteome analysis by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) identified 53 down-regulated and 60 up-regulated proteins after treatment with GSPB2 in db/db mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that milk fat globule EGF-8 (MFG-E8) was significantly up-regulated in diabetic kidney. MFG-E8 silencing by transfection of MFG-E8 shRNA improved renal histological lesions by inhibiting phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1⁄2), Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β) in kidneys of db/db mice. In contrast, over-expression of MFG-E8 by injection of recombinant MFG-E8 resulted in the opposite effects. GSPB2 treatment significantly decreased protein levels of MFG-E8, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-Akt, and phospho-GSK-3β in the kidneys of db/db mice. These findings yield insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, revealing MFG-E8 as a new therapeutic target and indicating GSPB2 as a prospective therapy by down-regulation of MFG-E8, along with ERK1/2, Akt and GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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81
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de Zeeuw D, Akizawa T, Agarwal R, Audhya P, Bakris GL, Chin M, Krauth M, Lambers Heerspink HJ, Meyer CJ, McMurray JJ, Parving HH, Pergola PE, Remuzzi G, Toto RD, Vaziri ND, Wanner C, Warnock DG, Wittes J, Chertow GM. Rationale and trial design of Bardoxolone Methyl Evaluation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: the Occurrence of Renal Events (BEACON). Am J Nephrol 2013; 37:212-22. [PMID: 23467003 DOI: 10.1159/000346948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes a global epidemic complicated by considerable renal and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, despite the provision of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Bardoxolone methyl, a synthetic triterpenoid that reduces oxidative stress and inflammation through Nrf2 activation and inhibition of NF-κB was previously shown to increase estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with CKD associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, no antioxidant or anti-inflammatory therapy has proved successful at slowing the progression of CKD. METHODS Herein, we describe the design of Bardoxolone Methyl Evaluation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: the Occurrence of Renal Events (BEACON) trial, a multinational, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial designed to determine whether long-term administration of bardoxolone methyl (on a background of standard therapy, including RAAS inhibitors) safely reduces renal and cardiac morbidity and mortality. RESULTS The primary composite endpoint is time-to-first occurrence of either end-stage renal disease or cardiovascular death. Secondary endpoints include the change in eGFR and time to occurrence of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION BEACON will be the first event-driven trial to evaluate the effect of an oral antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug in advanced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick de Zeeuw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The most problematic issue in clinical nephrology is the relentless and progressive increase in patients with ESRD (end-stage renal disease) worldwide. The impact of diabetic nephropathy on the increasing population with CKD (chronic kidney disease) and ESRD is enormous. Three major pathways showing abnormality of intracellular metabolism have been identified in the development of diabetic nephropathy: (i) the activation of polyol and PKC (protein kinase C) pathways; (ii) the formation of advanced glycation end-products; and (iii) intraglomerular hypertension induced by glomerular hyperfiltration. Upstream of these three major pathways, hyperglycaemia is the major driving force of the progression to ESRD from diabetic nephropathy. Downstream of the three pathways, microinflammation and subsequent extracellular matrix expansion are common pathways for the progression of diabetic nephropathy. In recent years, many researchers have been convinced that the inflammation pathways play central roles in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and the identification of new inflammatory molecules may link to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Various molecules related to the inflammation pathways in diabetic nephropathy include transcription factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, Toll-like receptors, adipokines and nuclear receptors, which are candidates for the new molecular targets for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Understanding of these molecular pathways of inflammation would translate into the development of anti-inflammation therapeutic strategies.
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83
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The predictive value of serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 for the progression of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2013-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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84
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Dean E, Gormsen Hansen R. Prescribing optimal nutrition and physical activity as "first-line" interventions for best practice management of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with osteoarthritis: evidence synthesis. ARTHRITIS 2012; 2012:560634. [PMID: 23346399 PMCID: PMC3546455 DOI: 10.1155/2012/560634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress underlie chronic osteoarthritis. Although best-practice guidelines for osteoarthritis emphasize self-management including weight control and exercise, the role of lifestyle behavior change to address chronic low-grade inflammation has not been a focus of first-line management. This paper synthesizes the literature that supports the idea in which the Western diet and inactivity are proinflammatory, whereas a plant-based diet and activity are anti-inflammatory, and that low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress underlying osteoarthritis often coexist with lifestyle-related risk factors and conditions. We provide evidence-informed recommendations on how lifestyle behavior change can be integrated into "first-line" osteoarthritis management through teamwork and targeted evidence-based interventions. Healthy living can be exploited to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and related pain and disability and improve patients' overall health. This approach aligns with evidence-based best practice and holds the promise of eliminating or reducing chronic low-grade inflammation, attenuating disease progression, reducing weight, maximizing health by minimizing a patient's risk or manifestations of other lifestyle-related conditions hallmarked by chronic low-grade inflammation, and reducing the need for medications and surgery. This approach provides an informed cost effective basis for prevention, potential reversal, and management of signs and symptoms of chronic osteoarthritis and has implications for research paradigms in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dean
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Rasmus Gormsen Hansen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ringsted and Slagelse Hospitals, Region Zealand, Denmark
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Abstract
Although there have been major advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy, current best practice still leaves a significant treatment gap. The incidence of diabetes and associated nephropathy is increasing, with the main cause of mortality being related to cardiovascular causes. Novel therapies which are both 'cardio-renal'-protective seem the logical way forward. In the present review, we discuss the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists and DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors (incretin-based therapies), which are novel antidiabetic agents used in clinical practice and their role in diabetic nephropathy with specific focus on renoprotection and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease. We discuss the pleiotropic effects of the incretin-based therapies apart from glucose-lowering and highlight the non-GLP-1 effects of DPP (dipeptidyl peptidase) inhibition. Large-scale clinical studies with cardiovascular end points are underway; however, studies with renal end points are lacking but much needed.
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Jenkin KA, Verty AN, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Endocannabinoids and the renal proximal tubule: An emerging role in diabetic nephropathy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:2028-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sankari SL, Masthan K, Babu NA, Bhattacharjee T, Elumalai M. Apoptosis in Cancer - An Update. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:4873-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.10.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kadian S, Mahadevan N, Balakumar P. Differential effects of low-dose fenofibrate treatment in diabetic rats with early onset nephropathy and established nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 698:388-96. [PMID: 23085026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that low-dose fenofibrate treatment has an ability to prevent diabetes-induced nephropathy in rats. We investigated here the comparative pre- and post-treatment effects of low-dose fenofibrate (30 mg/kg/day p.o.) in diabetes-induced onset of nephropathy. Rats were made diabetics by single administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg i.p.). The development of diabetic nephropathy was assessed biochemically and histologically. Moreover, lipid profile and renal oxidative stress were assessed. Diabetic rats after 8 weeks of STZ-administration developed apparent nephropathy by elevating serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and microproteinuria, and inducing glomerular-capsular wall distortion, mesangial expansion and tubular damage and renal oxidative stress. Fenofibrate (30 mg/kg/day p.o., 4 weeks) pretreatment (4 weeks after STZ-administration) markedly prevented diabetes-induced onset of diabetic nephropathy, while the fenofibrate (30 mg/kg/day p.o., 4 weeks) post-treatment (8 weeks after STZ-administration) was less-effective. However, both pre-and post fenofibrate treatments were effective in preventing diabetes-induced renal oxidative stress and lipid alteration in diabetic rats though the pretreatment was slightly more effective. Conversely, both pre-and post fenofibrate treatments did not alter elevated glucose levels in diabetic rats. It may be concluded that diabetes-induced oxidative stress and lipid alteration, in addition to a marked glucose elevation, play a detrimental role in the onset of nephropathy in diabetic rats. The pretreatment with low-dose fenofibrate might be a potential therapeutic approach in preventing the onset of nephropathy in diabetic subjects under the risk of renal disease induction. However, low-dose fenofibrate treatment might not be effective in treating the established nephropathy in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Kadian
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa 125 055, India
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89
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Effects of bariatric surgery on diabetic nephropathy after 5 years of follow-up. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2012; 9:7-14. [PMID: 23211651 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported that the benefits of bariatric surgery extend beyond durable weight loss and include significant improvement in glycemic control. We hypothesized that improving diabetes control may have positive effects on end-organ complications of this disease, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS We identified all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent bariatric surgery at our institution and had completed a 5-year follow-up. Patients' current diabetes status (remission, improvement, or no change) was determined by biochemical analyses and medication review. The presence of DN, preoperatively and postoperatively, was determined by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR). RESULTS Fifty-two T2DM patients underwent bariatric surgery and had completed 5-year follow-up, including serial uACR measurements (25% male; age 51.2 ± 10.1 years). Preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 49 ± 8.7 kg/m(2), mean duration of T2DM was 8.6 years (range .3-39), and baseline HbA(1c) was 7.7% ± 1.4%. DN, as indicated by microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/g) or macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g), was present in 37.6% preoperatively. Of these, DN resolved in 58.3% at a mean follow-up of 66 months (range 60-92 ). Among those with no evidence of DN preoperatively, albuminuria proceeded to develop 5 years later in only 25%. The 5-year remission and improvement rates for T2DM were 44% and 33%, respectively. Mean reductions in fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) were 36.6 mg/dL and 1.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery can induce a significant and sustainable improvement in T2DM and improve or halt the development of microvascular complications such as nephropathy. Considering that diabetes is often a progressive disease, these results are clinically important and warrant further investigation.
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Caseiro A, Ferreira R, Quintaneiro C, Pereira A, Marinheiro R, Vitorino R, Amado F. Protease profiling of different biofluids in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1613-9. [PMID: 22975642 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to disclose the proteolytic events underlying type 1 diabetes and related complication through protease profiling in the bodily fluids serum, urine and saliva. DESIGN AND METHODS Zymography followed by LC-MS/MS was performed for protease identification and quantitative comparison of proteolytic activity between healthy, type 1 diabetic patients with no complications and with retinopathy and nephropathy. Western blotting was also accomplished for MMP-9 and MMP-2 identification and expression analysis. RESULTS Only MMP-2 and MMP-9 were observed in serum with significantly increased levels and activity observed in diabetic patients. In urine and saliva other proteases besides MMPs were identified by MS and presented disease-dependent activity variations. Among these are complex MMP-9/Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, aminopeptidase N, azurocidin and kallikrein 1 with more activity noticed in type 1 diabetes patients with nephropathy and/or retinopathy. CONCLUSION Our data highlight the usefulness of urine and saliva for the monitoring of type-1 diabetes-related proteolytic events, where aminopeptidase N, azurocidin and kallikrein 1 appear as promising screening targets for type 1 diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Caseiro
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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