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Wang Y, Sun M, Liu J, Liu Y, Jiang C, Zhu H, Wang W, Wang Y. FIBCD1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:795-804. [PMID: 31897196 PMCID: PMC6924150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen C domain-containing 1 (FIBCD1) is an acetyl-recognition receptor that affects the occurrence and development of certain tumors. However, the prognostic significance of FIBCD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore FIBCD1 expression in HCC and to determine the prognostic value of FIBCD1 in patients with HCC. A total of 1,058 liver tissue samples with detailed and complete clinical information were collected, including 495 HCC samples. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry analysis was used to evaluate FIBCD1 protein expression in the collected tissues. The Kaplan-Meier plotter online tool was used to investigate the association between FIBCD1 expression and prognosis of patients with HCC. Oncomine and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database were used for bioinformatics analysis of FIBCD1. Results showed that FIBCD1 expression was higher in HCC and was associated with tumor diameter (P=0.002), tumor number (P=0.001), tumor node metastasis stage (P<0.001), primary tumor (T; P<0.001), lymph node metastases (N; P=0.002), distant metastases (M; P=0.023), differentiation degree (P=0.003), vascular invasion (P<0.001) and liver cirrhosis (P=0.011). Patients with HCC and high FIBCD1 expression had worse overall survival than those with low FIBCD1 expression. High FIBCD1 expression (P<0.001), TNM stage (P=0.003), T (P<0.001), N (P=0.014), and vascular invasion (P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors in HCC. Hence, FIBCD1 may be a novel biomarker for prognosis evaluation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Mengjing Sun
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Department of Tumor Biobank, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chunyi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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52
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Hu P, Fu Z, Liu G, Tan H, Xiao J, Shi H, Cheng D. Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles for Theranostic MRI-Guided Radiosensitization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:368. [PMID: 31828068 PMCID: PMC6890599 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation therapy (RT) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by low tolerance of the liver to radiation, whereas radiosensitizers are effective in reducing the required radiation dose. Multimodality gadolinium-based nanoparticles (AGuIX) are small and have enhanced permeability and retention effects; thus, they are very suitable for radiation sensitizer HCC RT. Here, we evaluated the potential value of AGuIX for theranostic MRI-radiosensitization in HCC. Methods: The radiosensitization effects of AGuIX were evaluated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Tumor growth, apoptosis imaging, and immunohistochemistry were performed to verify the antitumor effects of RT with AGuIX. Results:In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of radiosensitivity of the AGuIX demonstrated that the presence of AGuIX significantly decreased HepG2 cell survival when combined with an X-ray beam. In vivo MRI imaging showed the ratio of tumor/liver concentration of the AGuIX was the highest 1 h after intravenous injection. For antitumor effects, we found that the tumor size decreased by RT-only and RT with AGuIX. The antitumor effects were more effective with high-dose AGuIX-mediated RT. Apoptosis imaging and immunohistochemistry both demonstrated that the degree of the cell apoptosis was highest with a high dose of AGuIX-mediated RT. Conclusions: This study provides compelling data that AGuIX can facilitate theranostic MRI-radiosensitization in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhequan Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
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Stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a multimodal treatment setting. Strahlenther Onkol 2019; 196:334-348. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-019-01540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhou Y, Shi WY, He W, Yan ZW, Liu MH, Chen J, Yang YS, Wang YQ, Chen GQ, Huang Y. FAM122A supports the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its deletion enhances Doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111714. [PMID: 31711919 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
FAM122A is a highly conserved protein in mammals, however its function is still largely unknown so far. In this study, we investigated the potential role of FAM122A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). By analyzing HCC patient cohorts from RNA sequencing datasets, we found the expression level of FAM122A mRNA is significantly upregulated in HCC patients. Moreover, this abnormally higher expression pattern of FAM122A protein was also found in partial HCC tumor tissues, compared with the normal parts. Further, we demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated FAM122A knockout significantly inhibits the growth, clonogenic potential and xenografts of HCC cells, induces cell cycle arrest and reduces the expression of proliferation-related genes. Interestingly, FAM122A deletion significantly enhances the cytotoxicity effect of Doxorubicin (Dox), a drug used in standard chemotherapy in HCC patients. In contrary, overexpression of FAM122A not only promotes HCC cell growth, but also inhibits Dox-induced DNA damage and cell death. Considering that FAM122A is previously identified as an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A, we asked whether FAM122A regulating HCC cell growth is associated with PP2A. The results showed FAM122A can also modulate PP2A activity in HCC cells although the modulated effect is relatively slight, however, treatment with a PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid did not rescue the inhibitory effects of cell growth and proliferation in FAM122A deletion cells, indicating that FAM122A may support HCC cell growth independent of its ability to modulate PP2A. Collectively, these results suggest that FAM122A is required for maintaining HCC cell growth, and its elimination combined with chemotherapy may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Yang Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pathology, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200027, China
| | - Zhao-Wen Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Man-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yin-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Arora SP, Liposits G, Caird S, Dunne RF, Moffat GT, Okonji D, Rodriquenz MG, Dua D, Dotan E. Hepatocellular carcinoma in older adults: A comprehensive review by Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology. J Geriatr Oncol 2019; 11:557-565. [PMID: 31704038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the prevalence and the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in older adults worldwide, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the implications of treatment modalities in this population. The care of older patients with HCC is challenging due to the lack of evidence-based recommendations in this population. The current treatment approach for older patients relies on extrapolation of data from clinical trials conducted mostly in younger patients or fit older adults. Further, in the last few years, the arsenal of systemic treatments has increased with currently seven FDA-approved therapies available for patients with advanced HCC. Therefore, understanding how to apply current data to this unique and diverse patient population is necessary. This review will aim to shed light on the approach to older adults with HCC through an assessment of available data in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukeshi Patel Arora
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Leader in Gastrointestinal Malignancies, 7979 Wurzbach Rd, 78229 San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | - Susan Caird
- Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia, Griffith University, School of Medicine, Australia
| | - Richard F Dunne
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - David Okonji
- Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Efrat Dotan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Soluble CD25 as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with alpha-fetoprotein. Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 5:140-146. [PMID: 31501790 PMCID: PMC6728866 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2019.85165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study We aimed to evaluate soluble CD25 (sCD25) as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. Material and methods Eighty-eight subjects were enrolled in our study in the years 2017-2018. They were divided into three groups as follows: group 1 – HCC group (n = 44) patients, represented by BCLC stage A (n = 16) patients, stage B (n = 14) patients and stage C (n = 14) patients for each stage. All HCC patients were on top of cirrhosis. Group 2 – group of cirrhotic patients without HCC (n = 32); 50% of them were Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A (n = 16) while class B was represented only by 43.7% (n = 14) of patients. Group 3 – control group (n = 12) of healthy subjects. Results The levels of sCD25 and AFP were higher in HCC patients than cirrhotic and control groups without a statistically significant difference between the three groups (p-value > 0.05). For HCC presence, sensitivity and specificity of sCD25 were 86.4% and 29.5% respectively at a cut-off value of 1.1 × 103 pg/ml (AUC = 0.619, p-value = 0.054, PPV = 33.2%, NPV = 68.44%). For early detection of HCC, sCD25 had a sensitivity of 70.5% and a specificity of 30.9% at a cut-off value of 1.575 × 103 pg/ml (AUC = 0.577, p-value = 0.251, PPV = 58.5%, NPV = 43.1%), while the sensitivity and specificity of AFP were 75% and 62.5% respectively at a cut-off value of 9.5 ng/ml (AUC = 0.828, p = 0.000, PPV = 73.4%, NPV = 64.4%) in the same settings. Conclusions sCD25 seems to offer no better detection rate of HCC compared to AFP with lower sensitivity and specificity.
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57
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Huang X, Lee F, Teng Y, Lingam CB, Chen Z, Sun M, Song Z, Balachander GM, Leo HL, Guo Q, Shah I, Yu H. Sequential drug delivery for liver diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 149-150:72-84. [PMID: 31734169 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver performs critical physiological functions such as metabolism/detoxification and blood homeostasis/biliary excretion. A high degree of blood access means that a drug's resident time in any cell is relatively short. This short drug exposure to cells requires local sequential delivery of multiple drugs for optimal efficacy, potency, and safety. The high metabolism and excretion of drugs also impose both technical challenges and opportunities to sequential drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the sequential events in liver regeneration and the related liver diseases. Using selected examples of liver cancer, hepatitis B viral infection, fatty liver diseases, and drug-induced liver injury, we highlight efforts made for the sequential delivery of small and macromolecular drugs through different biomaterials, cells, and microdevice-based delivery platforms that allow fast delivery kinetics and rapid drug switching. As this is a nascent area of development, we extrapolate and compare the results with other sequential drug delivery studies to suggest possible application in liver diseases, wherever appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Huang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Fan Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yao Teng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Corey Bryen Lingam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zijian Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Ziwei Song
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Gowri M Balachander
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Imran Shah
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD9-04-11, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, #06-01, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; CAMP, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Level 4 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Gastroenterology Department, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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58
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Tang W, Zhao Z, Wang C, Ye T, Yang B. Molecular design and optimization of hepatic cancer SLP76-derived PLCγ1 SH3-binding peptide with the systematic N-substitution of peptide PXXP motif. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2806. [PMID: 31397025 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) is essential for T-cell signaling and activation in hepatic cancer immune response, which has a regulatory Src homology 3 (SH3) domain that can specifically recognize and interact with the PXXP-containing decapeptide segment (185 QPPVPPQRPM194 , termed as SLP76185-194 peptide) of adaptor protein SLP76 following T-cell receptor ligation. The isolated peptide can only bind to the PLCγ1 SH3 domain with a moderate affinity due to lack of protein context support. Instead of the traditional natural residue mutagenesis that is limited by low structural diversity and shifted target specificity, we herein attempt to improve the peptide affinity by replacing the two key proline residues Pro187 and Pro190 of SLP76185-194 PXXP motif with nonnatural N-substituted amino acids, as the proline is the only endogenous N-substituted amino acid. The replacement would increase peptide flexibility but can restore peptide activity by establishing additional interactions with the domain. Structural analysis reveals that the domain pocket can be divided into a large amphipathic region and a small negatively charged region; they accommodate hydrophobic, aromatic, polar, and moderate-sized N-substituted amino acid types. A systematic replacement combination profile between the peptide residues Pro187 and Pro190 is created by structural modeling, dynamics simulation, and energetics analysis, from which six improved and two reduced N-substituted peptides as well as native SLP76185-194 peptide are identified and tested for their binding affinity to the recombinant protein of the human PLCγ1 SH3 domain using fluorescence-based assays. Two N-substituted peptides, SLP76185-194 (N-Leu187/N-Gln190) and SLP76185-194 (N-Thr187/N-Gln190), are designed to have high potency (Kd = 0.67 ± 0.18 and 1.7 ± 0.3 μM, respectively), with affinity improvement by, respectively, 8.5-fold and 3.4-fold relative to native peptide (Kd = 5.7 ± 1.2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Koirala N, Das D, Fayazzadeh E, Sen S, McClain A, Puskas JE, Drazba JA, McLennan G. Folic acid conjugated polymeric drug delivery vehicle for targeted cancer detection in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2522-2535. [PMID: 31334591 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies provide increased efficiency for the detection and treatment of cancer with reduced side effects. Folate receptor (alpha subunit) is overexpressed in multiple tumors including liver cancer. In this study, we evaluated the specificity and toxicity of a folic acid-containing drug delivery vehicle (DDV) in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. The DDV was prepared with two units each of folic acid (FA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecules and conjugated to a central poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) core via a modified chemo-enzymatic synthetic process. Rat hepatoma (N1S1) and human monocytic (U937) cell lines were used for cell culture-based assays and tested for DDV uptake and toxicity. Folate receptor expressions in liver tissues and cell lines were verified using standard immunohistochemistry techniques. Rat HCC model was used for in vivo assessment. The DDV was injected via intra-arterial or intravenous methods and imaged with IVIS spectrum in vivo imaging system. Strong signals of FITC in the liver tumor region correlated to targeted DDV uptake. The use of PEG enhanced water-solubility and provided flexibility for the interaction of FA ligands with multiple cell surface folate receptors that resulted in increased specific uptake. Our study suggested that PEG incorporation and folate targeting via intra-arterial approach is an efficient strategy for targeted delivery in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nischal Koirala
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dola Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ehsan Fayazzadeh
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanghamitra Sen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - Andrew McClain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - Judit E Puskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - Judith A Drazba
- Imaging Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gordon McLennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhang N, Chen M, Wang H, Zhu D. Targeting the tumour immune microenvironment for cancer therapy in human gastrointestinal malignancies. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:123-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Krause GC, Lima KG, Levorse V, Haute GV, Gassen RB, Garcia MC, Pedrazza L, Donadio MVF, Luft C, de Oliveira JR. Exenatide induces autophagy and prevents the cell regrowth in HepG2 cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:540-548. [PMID: 31611738 PMCID: PMC6785771 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) keeps rising year by year, and became the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Some studies have found that liraglutide, a GLP-1 analog, may decrease the tumor cells proliferation. Due to this, the aim of this work is to investigate the antiproliferative potential of exenatide, another GLP-1 analog. Cell proliferation was assessed by direct count with Trypan blue dye exclusion. Flow cytometry was used to determinate autophagy and nuclear staining. Morphometric analysis was used to verify senescence and apoptosis. The mechanism that induced cell growth inhibition was analyzed by Western Blot. Treatment with exenatide significantly decreases cell proliferation and increases autophagy, both in relation to control and liraglutide. In addition, mTOR inhibition was greater in cells treated with exenatide. In relation to chronic treatment, exenatide does not allow cellular regrowth by preventing some resistance mechanism that the cells can acquire. These results suggest that exenatide has a potent anti-proliferative activity via mTOR modulation and, among the GLP-1 analogs tested, could be in the future an alternative for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Catyana Krause
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kelly Goulart Lima
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vitor Levorse
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Viegas Haute
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Garcia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Ubiquitylation and Cell Signaling Lab. IDIBELL, Department de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat - Barcelona, Spain
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Atividade Física em Pediatria, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Luft
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Atividade Física em Pediatria, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Li N, Jiang Y, Plantefève R, Michaud F, Nosrati Z, Tremblay C, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO, Kadoury S, Moran G, Joly F, Martel S, Soulez G. Magnetic Resonance Navigation for Targeted Embolization in a Two-Level Bifurcation Phantom. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:2402-2415. [PMID: 31290038 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work combines a particle injection system with our proposed magnetic resonance navigation (MRN) sequence with the intention of validating MRN in a two-bifurcation phantom for endovascular treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A theoretical physical model used to calculate the most appropriate size of the magnetic drug-eluting bead (MDEB, 200 μm) aggregates was proposed. The aggregates were injected into the phantom by a dedicated particle injector while a trigger signal was automatically sent to the MRI to start MRN which consists of interleaved tracking and steering sequences. When the main branch of the phantom was parallel to B0, the aggregate distribution ratio in the (left-left, left-right, right-left and right-right divisions was obtained with results of 8, 68, 24 and 0% respectively at baseline (no MRN) and increased to 84%, 100, 84 and 92% (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, p < 0.001, p < 0.001) after implementing our MRN protocol. When the main branch was perpendicular to B0, the right-left branch, having the smallest baseline distribution rate of 0%, reached 80% (p < 0.001) after applying MRN. Moreover, the success rate of MRN was always more than 92% at the 1st bifurcation in the experiments above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Polytechnique Montréal, Chemin de Polytechnique, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, 28 H3T 1J4, Canada.,Laboratory of Clinical Image Processing, Le Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Laboratory of Clinical Image Processing, Le Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radiation-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rosalie Plantefève
- Laboratory of Clinical Image Processing, Le Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Francois Michaud
- Laboratory of Clinical Image Processing, Le Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radiation-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Zeynab Nosrati
- University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charles Tremblay
- Polytechnique Montréal, Chemin de Polytechnique, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, 28 H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samuel Kadoury
- Polytechnique Montréal, Chemin de Polytechnique, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, 28 H3T 1J4, Canada.,Laboratory of Clinical Image Processing, Le Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Florian Joly
- INRIA Paris, 2 rue Simone Iff, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Martel
- Polytechnique Montréal, Chemin de Polytechnique, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC, 28 H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Gilles Soulez
- Laboratory of Clinical Image Processing, Le Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, Radiation-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Sun T, Han J, Liu S, Wang X, Wang ZY, Xie Z. Tailor-Made Semiconducting Polymers for Second Near-Infrared Photothermal Therapy of Orthotopic Liver Cancer. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7345-7354. [PMID: 31188558 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver tumor is one of the most lethal cancers due to its low ratio of surgical resection, high recurrence rate, and invasiveness. Photothermal therapy (PTT) possesses many advantages for cancer therapy because of its noninvasive nature. However, most PTT is conducted in the first near-infrared (NIR-I) window, so second near-infrared (NIR-II) photosensitizers with higher penetrating ability and clinical prospects are seriously desirable. Herein, a semiconducting polymer with optimized absorption in NIR-I and NIR-II regions is obtained by ternary copolymerization methodology. The prepared nanoparticle (NP) from the semiconducting polymer is used for treatment of orthotopic liver cancer upon laser irradiation. Compared with an 808 nm laser, a 1064 nm laser leads to more effective inhibition toward orthotopic liver cancer in the same conditions. These results thus demonstrate that the NIR-II polymeric NPs may inspire another aspect for highly efficient therapy of various orthotopic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , 71 Xinmin Street , Changchun 130021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street , Changchun 130022 , People's Republic of China
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The RNA-binding protein RBM3 promotes cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating circular RNA SCD-circRNA 2 production. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:155-167. [PMID: 31235426 PMCID: PMC6642271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the development of RNA-seq technology, tens of thousands of circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of RNAs, have been identified. However, little is known about circRNA formation and biogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We performed ribosomal-depleted RNA-seq profiling of HCC and para-carcinoma tissues and analyzed the expression of a hotspot circRNA derived from the 3’UTR of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene, termed SCD-circRNA 2. Findings It was significantly upregulated in HCC and correlated with poor patient prognosis. Moreover, we observed that the production of SCD-circRNA 2 was dynamically regulated by RNA-binding protein 3 (RBM3). RBM3 overexpression was indicative of a short recurrence-free survival and poor overall survival for HCC patients. Furthermore, by modulating the RBM3 or SCD-circRNA 2 levels, we found that RBM3 promoted the HCC cell proliferation in a SCD-circRNA 2 dependent manner. Interpretation Herein, we report that RBM3 is crucial for the SCD-circRNA 2 formation in HCC cells, which not only provides mechanistic insights into cancer-related circRNA dysregulation but also establishes RBM3 as an oncogene with both therapeutic potential and prognostic value. Fund This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1302303), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81672345 and 81,402,269). The funders did not have any roles in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, writing of the report.
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65
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Xu D, Sheng JQ, Hu PJH, Huang TS, Lee WC. Predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrences: A data-driven multiclass classification method incorporating latent variables. J Biomed Inform 2019; 96:103237. [PMID: 31238108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant form of cancer, is frequently treated with surgical resections, which have relatively high recurrence rates. Effective recurrence predictions enable physicians' timely detections and adequate therapeutic measures that can greatly improve patient care and outcomes. Toward that end, predictions of early versus late HCC recurrences should be considered separately to reflect their distinct onset time horizons, clinical causes, underlying clinical etiology, and pathogenesis. We propose a novel Bayesian network-based method to predict different HCC recurrence outcomes by considering the respective recurrence evolution paths. Typical patient information obtained in early stages is insufficiently informative to predict recurrence outcomes accurately, due to the lack of subsequent patient progression information. Our method alleviates such information deficiency constraints by incorporating an independent latent variable, dominant recurrence type, to regulate recurrence outcome predictions (early, late, or no recurrence). We use a real-world HCC data set to evaluate the proposed method, relative to three prevalent benchmark techniques. Overall, the results show that our method consistently and significantly outperforms all the benchmark techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measures. For increased robustness, we use another data set to perform an out-of-sample evaluation and obtain similar results. This study thus contributes to HCC recurrence research and offers several implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Department of Operations and Information Systems, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, USA.
| | - Jessica Qiuhua Sheng
- Department of Operations and Information Systems, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, USA.
| | - Paul Jen-Hwa Hu
- Department of Operations and Information Systems, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, USA.
| | - Ting Shuo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan,Taiwan, ROC.
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66
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Tsai PH, Wang ML, Chang JH, Yarmishyn AA, Nhi Nguyen PN, Chen W, Chien Y, Huo TI, Mou CY, Chiou SH. Dual Delivery of HNF4α and Cisplatin by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Inhibits Cancer Pluripotency and Tumorigenicity in Hepatoma-Derived CD133-Expressing Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19808-19818. [PMID: 31066542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly malignancies characterized by high rate of recurrence. Tumor recurrence is often attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of cells with stem cell properties, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Traditionally, cancer therapies target the entire bulk of tumor cells; however, they are poorly effective against CSCs, characterized by higher drug resistance. Therefore, approaches targeting CSCs may be required in addition to conventional chemotherapy to prevent tumor recurrence. In this study, we investigated an approach to target HCC by combining the conventional chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin, to target the bulk of tumor cells, and differentiation therapy by delivering the gene encoding HNF4α, an important regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, to target CSCs. We used the Huh7 cell line as an in vitro model of HCC, which is characterized by a high proportion of CD133-expressing CSCs. By using flow cytometry, we separated CD133+ and CD133- Huh7 cell subpopulations and have shown that the former has highly pronounced in vivo tumorigenic capacity in contrast to the latter, which could not generate tumors in vivo. For the dual delivery of HNF4α-encoding plasmid and cisplatin, we used polyethyleneimine-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PMSNs) as the nanocarriers. Here, we show that the treatment of CD133-expressing Huh7 cells with HNF4α-loaded PMSNs can suppress their proliferation rate, decrease the proportion of CSCs, downregulate stemness-associated genes, and increase the expression of mature hepatocyte-associated genes. At the same time, the treatment of Huh7 with PMSNs loaded with both HNF4α-encoding plasmid and cisplatin could block them in the S-phase of the cell cycle and cause apoptosis. In addition, dually loaded PMSNs were the most efficient formulation in suppressing tumor growth in vivo. To summarize, in this study, we tested the nanoparticle-based delivery system as both chemotherapy and gene-based therapy agents, which has great potential for development of effective treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , 10617 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Aliaksandr A Yarmishyn
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , 10617 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , 10617 Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , 11217 Taipei , Taiwan
- School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei , Taiwan
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R D, P R. An Optimized HCC Recurrence Prediction Using APO Algorithm Multiple Time Series Clinical Liver Cancer Dataset. J Med Syst 2019; 43:193. [PMID: 31115780 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The classification of recurrence and non recurrence of Hepato Cellular carcinoma (HCC) outcome after Radio Frequency Ablation therapy is a critical task. Multiple time series clinical liver cancer dataset is collected from different dataset and time interval. A merging algorithm is used to merge all attributes collected from different sources in multiple time periods. In order to preserve the originality of information, statistical measures of each attribute is calculated and considered them as additional attributes for accurate prediction. However the merged dataset is unbalanced, in which, the number of samples from HCC recurrence class is much smaller than from HCC non recurrence. The feature weighting scheme select optimal features and parameter of classifiers are sequentially obtained from multiple iterations which causes higher computation time. In this paper, an efficient sampling approach is proposed using Inverse Random under Sampling (IRUS) to overcome class imbalance issue. IRUS under sample the majority class which creates a number of distinct partitions with a boundary separated minority and majority class samples. Additionally an optimization approach is proposed using Artificial Plant Optimization (APO) algorithm to select optimal features and parameters of classifiers to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of classification. The optimization approach reduces the number of iteration and computation time for feature selection and parameter selection for classifiers which classify the recurrence and non recurrence of HCC. Classify patients with HCC and without HCC based on optimal features and parameters by Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest(RF) classifiers. Finally, the experimental results are conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method over existing method in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity and balanced accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya R
- Research Scholar, PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Govt Arts College(Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Radha P
- Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Govt Arts College(Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gerum S, Jensen AD, Roeder F. Stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A mini-review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:367-376. [PMID: 31139307 PMCID: PMC6522765 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i5.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. This technique results in excellent local control rates with favorable toxicity profile despite being predominantly used in heavily pretreated patients or those unsuitable for other local therapies. SBRT may be used as a sole treatment or in combination with other local therapies as well as a bridging strategy for patient awaiting liver transplants. This brief review describes current practice of SBRT with respect to radiation technique, patient selection and treatment concepts. It summarizes available evidence from retro- and prospective studies evaluating SBRT alone, SBRT in combination with other treatments and SBRT compared to other local treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gerum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Alexandra D Jensen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Falk Roeder
- CCU Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 74626, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
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Jiang B, Zhang R, Zhang J, Hou Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Tian X, Hao C, Fan K, Yan X. GRP78-targeted ferritin nanocaged ultra-high dose of doxorubicin for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2167-2182. [PMID: 31149036 PMCID: PMC6531302 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, primarily due to its high incidence of recurrence and metastasis. Considerable efforts have therefore been undertaken to develop effective therapies; however, effective anti-HCC therapies rely on identification of suitable biomarkers, few of which are currently available for drug targeting. Methods: GRP78 was identified as the membrane receptor of HCC-targeted peptide SP94 by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum analysis. To develop an effective anti-HCC drug nanocarrier, we first displayed GRP78-targeted peptide SP94 onto the exterior surface of Pyrococcus furiosus ferritin Fn (HccFn) by genetic engineering approach, and then loaded doxorubicin (Dox) into the cavities of HccFn via urea-based disassembly/reassembly method, thereby constructing a drug nanocarrier called HccFn-Dox. Results: We demonstrated that HccFn nanocage encapsulated ultra-high dose of Dox (up to 400 molecules Dox/protein nanocage). In vivo animal experiments showed that Dox encapsulated in HccFn-Dox was selectively delivered into HCC tumor cells, and effectively killed subcutaneous and lung metastatic HCC tumors. In addition, HccFn-Dox significantly reduced drug exposure to healthy organs and improved the maximum tolerated dose by six-fold compared with free Dox. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings clearly demonstrate that GRP78 is an effective biomarker for HCC therapy, and GRP78-targeted HccFn nanocage is effective in delivering anti-HCC drug without damage to healthy tissue.
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70
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Jeon YJ, Kim S, Kim JH, Youn UJ, Suh SS. The Comprehensive Roles of ATRANORIN, A Secondary Metabolite from the Antarctic Lichen Stereocaulon caespitosum, in HCC Tumorigenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071414. [PMID: 30974882 PMCID: PMC6480312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly genetic diseases, but surprisingly chemotherapeutic approaches against HCC are only limited to a few targets. In particular, considering the difficulty of a chemotherapeutic drug development in terms of cost and time enforces searching for surrogates to minimize effort and maximize efficiency in anti-cancer therapy. In spite of the report that approximately one thousand lichen-derived metabolites have been isolated, the knowledge about their functions and consequences in cancer development is relatively limited. Moreover, one of the major second metabolites from lichens, Atranorin has never been studied in HCC. Regarding this, we comprehensively analyze the effect of Atranorin by employing representative HCC cell lines and experimental approaches. Cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis using the compound consistently show the inhibitory effects of Atranorin. Moreover, cell death determination using Annexin-V and (Propidium Iodide) PI staining suggests that it induces cell death through necrosis. Lastly, the metastatic potential of HCC cell lines is significantly inhibited by the drug. Taken these together, we claim a novel functional finding that Atranorin comprehensively suppresses HCC tumorigenesis and metastatic potential, which could provide an important basis for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Jeon
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Korea.
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Joerger M, Güller U, Bastian S, Driessen C, von Moos R. Prolonged tumor response associated with sequential immune checkpoint inhibitor combination treatment and regorafenib in a patient with advanced pretreated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:373-378. [PMID: 31032109 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Besides sorafenib, regorafenib and lenvatinib, recent data have shown clinical activity of the PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab. We present the case of a sorafenib-refractory patient probably experiencing progressive disease during immune checkpoint inhibitor combination treatment with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab and the anti-GITR monoclonal antibody BMS-986156 within a clinical phase-1 trial followed by a prolonged tumor response according to RECIST v.1.1 during third-line treatment with the multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib. Prolonged tumor response may solely be induced by third-line regorafenib monotherapy or may represent late treatment response to combination immunotherapy. Data from this clinical case report support future exploration of combination treatment of the oral multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib with PD-(L)1 targeted monoclonal antibodies in patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Güller
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bastian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Driessen
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roger von Moos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Chur, Switzerland
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Yu MM, Feng YH, Zheng L, Zhang J, Luo GH. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 3 exhibits tumor-suppressing effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1210-1223. [PMID: 30886504 PMCID: PMC6421239 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i10.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high mortality-to-incidence ratios. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 3 (NFE2L3), also known as NRF3, is a member of the cap ‘n’ collar basic-region leucine zipper family of transcription factors. NFE2L3 is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, whereas its role in HCC has not been elucidated.
AIM To explore the expression and biological function of NFE2L3 in HCC.
METHODS We analyzed the expression of NFE2L3 in HCC tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference technology was utilized to knock down NFE2L3 in vitro. Cell apoptosis, clone formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were used to identify the biological effects of NFE2L3 in BEL-7404 and SMMC-7721 cells. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was examined by Western blot analysis.
RESULTS TCGA analysis showed that NFE2L3 expression was significantly positively correlated with tumor grade, T stage, and pathologic stage. The qPCR and Western blot results showed that both the mRNA and protein levels of NFE2L3 were significantly decreased after shRNA-mediated knockdown in BEL-7404 and SMMC-7721 cells. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of NFE2L3 could induce apoptosis and inhibit the clone formation and cell proliferation of SMMC-7721 and BEL-7404 cells. NFE2L3 knockdown also significantly suppressed the migration, invasion, and EMT of the two cell lines.
CONCLUSION Our study showed that shRNA-mediated knockdown of NFE2L3 exhibited tumor-suppressing effects in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Mei Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue-Hua Feng
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Hua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yu Z, Li Y, Han T, Liu Z. Demethylation of the HACE1 gene promoter inhibits the proliferation of human liver cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4361-4368. [PMID: 30988809 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) is frequently downregulated or lost in numerous types of cancer, including liver cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine whether demethylation of the HACE1 gene could inhibit tumour progression. The expression of HACE1 was detected in liver cancer cell lines. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas)-based demethylation single guide RNAs for the HACE1 gene promoter were designed and transfected into liver cancer cells. Subsequently, proliferation was detected by MTT and colony formation assays, and optineurin (OPTN) ubiquitination and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B protein levels were detected by immunoblotting. The levels of HACE1 were significantly reduced in liver cancer cell lines compared with in a normal liver cell line. Demethylation of the HACE1 gene promoter increased HACE1 expression, inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cells, and promoted OPTN ubiquitination and autophagy activity in liver cancer cells. In conclusion, activation of HACE1 expression by promoter demethylation may provide a suitable approach for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yu
- Department of 2016 Levels of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Oncology, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Graduate School, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China.,Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yinyin Li
- Department of Oncology, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110849, P.R. China
| | - Tao Han
- Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhe Liu
- Department of 2016 Levels of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Oncology, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Graduate School, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China.,Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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74
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Apidechkul T. Seroprevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection among the hill tribe youths, northern Thailand. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:125. [PMID: 30727952 PMCID: PMC6366101 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major viral infection, particularly in people living in the Western Pacific region, including the hill tribe people living in northern Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection and to detect the factors associated with HBV infection among hill tribe youths in Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and determine the factors associated with HBV infection among hill tribe youths living in northern Thailand. A validated questionnaire and 5 mL blood sample were used for data collection. The Wondfo Diagnostic Kit®, the Wondfo One Step HBsAg Serum/Plasma Test®, and the Wondfo One Step HBsAg Serum/Plasma Test® were used for anti-HBsAg, HBsAg, and total anti-HBc detections, respectively. Logistic regression was used to detect associations between variables with an α = 0.05 significance level. Results A total of 836 participants were included in the study; 62.7% were female, 58.9% were aged 15–17 years, 58.7% were Buddhist, 78.4% graduated high school, and 89.1% had no income. The majority were Akha (30.0%), Yao (16.3%), and Hmong (15.8%); 13.2% smoked, 21.5% used alcohol, 13.3% had tattoos, 3.9% experienced drug injection from illegal practitioners, and 35.7% had no history of HBV immunization. The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.0%; anti-HBs, 10.2%; and total anti-HBc, 8.1%. In the multivariate analysis, four variables were found to be significantly associated with HBV infection among the hill tribe youths: age, tribe, work experience, and number of partners. Those aged 18–20 years and 21–24 years had 2.13 times (95%CI = 1.35–3.29) and 2.39 times (95%CI = 1.05–3.90) greater odds of HBV infection, respectively, than those aged 15–17 years. Akha, Lahu, and Hmong youths had 3.12 times (95%CI = 1.07–9.12), 3.71 times (95%CI = 1.21–11.41), and 3.84 times (95%CI = 1.26–11.69) greater odds of HBV infection, respectively, than Lisu youths. Those who had experience working outside of the village had a 1.77 times (95%CI = 1.18–2.98) greater chance of HBV infection than those who did not have experience working outside of the village, and those who had ≥2 partners had a 2.66 times (95%CI = 1.96–3.87) greater chance of HBV infection than those who had no partner. Conclusions Effective HBV prevention programs should be promoted in Akha, Lahu, and Hmong youth populations, particularly to those who have sexual partners, work outside of the village and are aged 18–24 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawatchai Apidechkul
- Center of Excellence for the Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Laung University, 333 Mo.1 Tasud Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Rai Province, 57100, Thailand. .,School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
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75
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Ha E, Kim F, Blanchard J, Juon HS. Prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infection in Mongolian Immigrants in the Washington, District of Columbia, Metropolitan Area, 2016-2017. Prev Chronic Dis 2019; 16:E08. [PMID: 30676936 PMCID: PMC6362705 DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.180104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mongolia has the highest liver cancer incidence in the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most prevalent primary liver cancer, and the most common risk factors are hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although viral hepatitis occurs mostly in the developing world, migration of people from high prevalence countries contributes to the health outcomes of the United States. Data on Mongolian Americans is limited. The objective of this study was to estimate HBV and HCV infection prevalence among Mongolia-born immigrants living in the Washington, District of Columbia, metropolitan area. Methods We tested Mongolia-born immigrants for chronic hepatitis at community-based screening events from 2016 to 2017. Descriptive statistics were generated to describe the screening results. Bivariate analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between hepatitis prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics. Results Of 634 participants, most did not speak English primarily, were uninsured, and did not have a regular primary care provider. Eighty-two participants (12.9%) had chronic HBV or HCV infection after accounting for HBV and HCV co-infection. Thirty-nine (6.2%) were chronically infected with HBV, and 233 (36.8%) were susceptible to HBV. Sixty-three (9.9%) participants were positive for HCV exposure, and 45 (7.1%) had confirmed chronic HCV infection. While no sociodemographic characteristics were associated with HBV infection, age and primary spoken language (Mongolian) were significantly associated with HCV exposure. Conclusion Foreign-born immigrants such as Mongolian Americans have a high prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis infection. Targeted screening, vaccination, and treatment programs can help decrease immigrant risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline Ha
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Hepatitis B Initiative of Washington DC, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Frederic Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janice Blanchard
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Hepatitis B Initiative of Washington DC, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut St, Ste 311, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
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76
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Hughes D, Al- Sarireh B. Hepatocellular carcinoma’s 100 most influential manuscripts: A bibliometric analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREATIC DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5348/100083z04dh2019oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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77
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Huang T, Xu S, Deo R, Ma A, Li H, Ma K, Gan X. Targeting the Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II by Tetrandrine in human liver cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:1227-1232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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78
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Zheng D, Williams C, Vold JA, Nguyen JH, Harnois DM, Bagaria SP, McLaughlin SA, Li Z. Regulation of sex hormone receptors in sexual dimorphism of human cancers. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:24-31. [PMID: 30223066 PMCID: PMC6287770 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in the incidences of cancers have been found in almost all human cancers. However, the mechanisms that underlie gender disparities in most human cancer types have been under-investigated. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of potential mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism of each cancer regarding sex hormone signaling. Fully addressing the mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in human cancers will greatly benefit current development of precision medicine. Our discussions of potential mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in each cancer will be instructive for future cancer research on gender disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoshan Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeremy A Vold
- Mayo Cancer Registry, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Justin H Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Denise M Harnois
- Department of Surgery, and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sanjay P Bagaria
- Department of Surgery, and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sarah A McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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79
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Forcing ATGL expression in hepatocarcinoma cells imposes glycolytic rewiring through PPAR-α/p300-mediated acetylation of p53. Oncogene 2018; 38:1860-1875. [PMID: 30367149 PMCID: PMC6756110 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a typical feature of cancer cells aimed at sustaining high-energetic demand and proliferation rate. Here, we report clear-cut evidence for decreased expression of the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of triglyceride hydrolysis, in both human and mouse-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We identified metabolic rewiring as major outcome of ATGL overexpression in HCC-derived cell lines. Indeed, ATGL slackened both glucose uptake/utilization and cell proliferation in parallel with increased oxidative metabolism of fatty acids and enhanced mitochondria capacity. We ascribed these ATGL—downstream events to the activity of the tumor-suppressor p53, whose protein levels—but not transcript—were upregulated upon ATGL overexpression. The role of p53 was further assessed by abrogation of the ATGL-mediated effects upon p53 silencing or in p53-null hepatocarcinoma Hep3B cells. Furthermore, we provided insights on the molecular mechanisms governed by ATGL in HCC cells, identifying a new PPAR-α/p300 axis responsible for p53 acetylation/accumulation. Finally, we highlighted that ATGL levels confer different susceptibility of HCC cells to common therapeutic drugs, with ATGL overexpressing cells being more resistant to glycolysis inhibitors (e.g., 2-deoxyglucose and 3-bromopyruvate), compared to genotoxic compounds. Collectively, our data provide evidence for a previously uncovered tumor-suppressor function of ATGL in HCC, with the outlined molecular mechanisms shedding light on new potential targets for anticancer therapy.
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80
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Kosmidis C, Varsamis N, Anthimidis G, Baka S, Valoukas D, Koletsa T, Zarampouka K, Koimtzis G, Georgakoudi E, Zarogoulidis P, Efthymiadis C. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with history of treated breast cancer: a case report with challenging diagnosis and treatment. Int J Gen Med 2018; 11:399-403. [PMID: 30349348 PMCID: PMC6188071 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s176052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Long-term survivors among patients treated for breast cancer are at a high risk for developing a second primary malignancy. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary hepatic malignancy and should be ruled out in breast cancer patients who are diagnosed with solitary hepatic lesions. False diagnosis may lead to inappropriate oncologic staging and treatment of the disease. Case presentation We present the case of a 73-year-old female patient who had been treated for invasive ductal breast cancer 7 years ago and was diagnosed with a solid hepatic lesion at segments VI and VII and a small, calcified lesion at the tail of the pancreas on follow-up with an abdominal computed tomography. Oncology council decided that both lesions could be resected after determining whether they were metastatic or second primary malignancies. The patient underwent laparotomy and rapid biopsy which showed primary hepatocellular carcinoma and fibrosis of the pancreas. We performed hepatic segmentectomy (VI–VII) and cholecystectomy, while the pancreatic lesion was left intact. The postoperative course of the patient was uncomplicated and she remains disease free 2 years after the operation without any adjuvant therapy. Conclusion All hepatic lesions detected in breast cancer patients should be evaluated with open mind and liver biopsy should be performed to get a definitive diagnosis and implement the proper treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos Varsamis
- Department of Surgery, Interbalkan European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Anthimidis
- Department of Surgery, Interbalkan European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Baka
- Department of Oncology, Interbalkan European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valoukas
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Ptolemaida, Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Zarampouka
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Koimtzis
- Third Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary-Oncology Unit, "Theageneio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece,
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81
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Hong J, Kim S, Lin PC. Interleukin-33 and ST2 Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 39:61-71. [PMID: 30256696 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is one of the members of the IL-1 family of cytokines and a ligand of ST2 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) that is known to affect Th2 inflammatory response with partial effects on Th1 responses. This cytokine is released by epithelial and smooth muscle cells of the airway system during their injury by several environmental stimuli, such as allergens, viruses, helminths, and pollutants. IL-33 is an alarmin that acts as an endogenous danger signal, and it has been known to affect various types of cells, such as mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, T cells, and specific subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). In recent findings, this cytokine is believed to have a critical role in several types of cancers, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, and head and neck squamous cell cancer. The expression of IL-33/ST2 in cancer tissues shows a close association with tumor growth and tumor progression in several types of cancer, suggesting the IL-33/ST2 pathway as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Hong
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Soohyun Kim
- 2 Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P Charles Lin
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
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82
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Yue D, Sun X. Idelalisib promotes Bim-dependent apoptosis through AKT/FoxO3a in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:935. [PMID: 30224718 PMCID: PMC6141589 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idelalisib, a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, has been approved by the FDA for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma treatment and for follicular lymphoma treatment when combined with rituximab. However, the mechanisms of effective action of idelalisib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In the current study, we aimed to investigate how idelalisib inhibits the growth of HCC cells and enhances the effects of other chemotherapeutic drugs. Our results show that idelalisib treatment promotes Bim induction in HCC via the FoxO3a pathway following PI3K/AKT inactivation. Moreover, our results show that Bim is required for idelalisib-mediated apoptosis in HCC. Idelalisib also synergizes with sorafenib or doxorubicin to induce significant apoptosis in HCC, and Bim is also necessary for the induction of apoptosis by cotreatment. Furthermore, a xenograft experiment reveals that the Bim deficiency abolishes apoptosis and antitumor effects of idelalisib in vivo. In summary, our results indicate a key role of Bim in mediating the antitumor effects of idelalisib in HCC. Our results also support the clinical significance of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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83
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Detecting GPC3-Expressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma with L5 Peptide-Guided Pretargeting Approach: In Vitro and In Vivo MR Imaging Experiments. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:9169072. [PMID: 30275801 PMCID: PMC6151370 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9169072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the potential of L5 peptide-guided pretargeting approach to identify GPC3-expressing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) as the MR probe. Methods Immunofluorescence with carboxyfluorescein- (FAM-) labeled L5 peptide was performed in HepG2 cells. Polyethylene glycol-modified USPIO (PEG-USPIO) and its conjugation with streptavidin (SA-PEG-USPIO) were synthesized, and their hydrodynamic diameters, zeta potential, T2 relaxivity, and cytotoxicity were measured. In vitro and in vivo two-step pretargeting MR imaging was performed on HepG2 cells and tumor-bearing mice after the administration of biotinylated L5 peptide (first step), followed by SA-PEG-USPIO (second step). Prussian blue staining was performed to assess iron deposition in tumors. Results The high specificity of L5 peptide for GPC3 was demonstrated. Generation of SA-PEG-USPIO nanoparticles with good biocompatibility (an average hydrodynamic diameter of 35.97 nm and a zeta potential of -7.91 mV), superparamagnetism (R 2 = 0.1039 × 103 mM-1s-1), and low toxicity was achieved. The pretargeting group showed more enhancement than the nonpretargeting group both in vitro (60% vs 20%, P < 0.05) and in vivo (32% vs 6%, P < 0.001). Substantial iron deposition was only observed in HepG2 cells and tumors in the pretargeting group. Conclusion L5 peptide-guided, two-step pretargeting approach with USPIO as the MR imaging probe is a lucrative strategy to specifically identify GPC3-expressing HCC.
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84
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García-Vilas JA, Medina MÁ. Updates on the hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met axis in hepatocellular carcinoma and its therapeutic implications. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3695-3708. [PMID: 30197476 PMCID: PMC6127652 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i33.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death. Since the diagnosis of HCC is difficult, in many cases patients with HCC are diagnosed advanced stage of development. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition receptor (c-Met) axis is a key signaling pathway in HCC, either via canonical or non-canonical pathways. Available treatments against HCC based upon HGF/c-Met inhibition can increase patient lifespan, but do not reach the expected therapeutic benefits. In HCC, c-Met monomers can bind other receptor monomers, activating several noncanonical signaling pathways, leading to increased cell proliferation, invasion, motility, and drug resistance. All of these processes are enhanced by the tumor microenvironment, with stromal cells contributing to boost tumor progression through oxidative stress, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Novel treatments against HCC are being explored to modulate other targets such as microRNAs, methyltransferases, and acetyltransferases, which are all involved in the regulation of gene expression in cancer. This review compiles basic knowledge regarding signaling pathways in HCC, and compounds already used or showing potential to be used in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
- Unidad 741 de CIBER “de Enfermedades Raras” (CIBERER), Málaga 29071, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
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85
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Lee KF, Chong CCN, Fong AKW, Fung AKY, Lok HT, Cheung YS, Wong J, Lai PBS. Pattern of disease recurrence and its implications for postoperative surveillance after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: experience from a single center. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2018; 7:320-330. [PMID: 30498708 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2018.03.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatectomy is a widely accepted curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the disease frequently recurs after a curative hepatectomy. The objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of the pattern of disease recurrence and the risk factors involved so as to improve the postoperative surveillance. Methods A retrospective study for all patients receiving hepatectomy for HCC between 2003 and 2014 was performed. Emphasis was made on the timing and pattern of recurrent disease, and type of treatment given. Results There were 506 patients in the study. Median follow-up was 43.7 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-year overall and disease free survival were 89.5%, 74.1%, 63.9%, 49.0% and 69.5%, 54.3%, 43.4%, 30.9% respectively. Recurrent disease occurred in 267 patients, 47.2% occurred within 9 months of hepatectomy and 80.1% recurred only in liver. Median survival was shorter for recurrence occurring within 9 months compared with those occurring between 10 months and 2 years postoperatively (36.2 vs. 65.7 months, P<0.01) whilst less curative treatment was offered for patients with early (within 9 months) intrahepatic alone recurrence (22.2% vs. 51.7%, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed tumor size >3.5 cm and history of rupture were risk factors for recurrence within 9 months. Conclusions These findings suggest that recurrent diseases are common after curative hepatectomy for HCC and most recurrences occur in the remnant liver. Since almost half of recurrences occurred within first 9 months after hepatectomy, a more stringent postoperative surveillance with target imaging of liver in this period is needed. Early diagnosis of recurrent disease and curative retreatment hopefully can bring about a longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Fai Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charing C N Chong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony K W Fong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew K Y Fung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hon-Ting Lok
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue-Sun Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Wong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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86
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Jain R, Frederick JP, Huang EY, Burke KE, Mauger DM, Andrianova EA, Farlow SJ, Siddiqui S, Pimentel J, Cheung-Ong K, McKinney KM, Köhrer C, Moore MJ, Chakraborty T. MicroRNAs Enable mRNA Therapeutics to Selectively Program Cancer Cells to Self-Destruct. Nucleic Acid Ther 2018; 28:285-296. [PMID: 30088967 PMCID: PMC6157376 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2018.0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of therapeutic mRNAs significantly increases the possibilities of protein-based biologics beyond those that can be synthesized by recombinant technologies (eg, monoclonal antibodies, extracellular enzymes, and cytokines). In addition to their application in the areas of vaccine development, immune-oncology, and protein replacement therapies, one exciting possibility is to use therapeutic mRNAs to program undesired, diseased cells to synthesize a toxic intracellular protein, causing cells to self-destruct. For this approach to work, however, methods are needed to limit toxic protein expression to the intended cell type. Here, we show that inclusion of microRNA target sites in therapeutic mRNAs encoding apoptotic proteins, Caspase or PUMA, can prevent their expression in healthy hepatocytes while triggering apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Jain
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Moderna Therapeutics , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Josh P Frederick
- 2 Department of Oncology, Moderna Therapeutics , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Y Huang
- 3 New Venture Labs , Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kristine E Burke
- 4 Non-Clinical Sciences , Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David M Mauger
- 5 Computational Sciences , Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sam J Farlow
- 2 Department of Oncology, Moderna Therapeutics , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Summar Siddiqui
- 6 Rare Diseases , Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey Pimentel
- 6 Rare Diseases , Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kahlin Cheung-Ong
- 2 Department of Oncology, Moderna Therapeutics , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Caroline Köhrer
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Moderna Therapeutics , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa J Moore
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Moderna Therapeutics , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tirtha Chakraborty
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Moderna Therapeutics , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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87
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Christian-Miller N, Frenette C. Hepatocellular cancer pain: impact and management challenges. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2018; 5:75-80. [PMID: 30050880 PMCID: PMC6055904 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s145450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most common primary liver malignancy. Pain comprises one of the most pervasive and troubling symptoms of HCC and may have severely negative effects on patient’s quality of life. Furthermore, because HCC frequently arises in the setting of cirrhosis, treating pain related to this malignancy poses a clinical challenge. This article summarizes manifestations of hepatocellular cancer pain, common obstacles to treatment, and practical HCC pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Frenette
- Scripps Center for Organ and Cell Transplantation, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA,
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88
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Chen CT, Lee HL, Chiou HL, Chou CH, Wang PH, Yang SF, Chou YE. Impacts of WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 polymorphism on hepatocellular carcinoma development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198967. [PMID: 29889892 PMCID: PMC5995385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) is a member of CCN protein family and a downstream target of β-catenin. Aberrant WISP1 expression is associated with carcinogenesis. In the current study, we focused on examining WISP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to elucidate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The WISP1 SNPs rs2977530, rs2977537, rs2929973, rs2929970, rs62514004, and rs16893344 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 332 patients with HCC and 664 cancer-free controls. RESULTS The patients with higher frequencies of WISP1 rs62514004 (AG + GG) and rs16893344 (CT + TT) variants revealed a lower risk to reach a later clinical stage compared with their wild-type carriers. Furthermore, individuals who carried WISP1 rs62514004 and rs16893344 haplotype G-T showed a greater synergistic effect combined with alcohol drinking on HCC development (AOR = 26.590, 95% CI = 9.780-72.295). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the HCC patients with WISP1 SNPs are associated with HCC development, and WISP1 SNPs may serve as markers or therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Tien Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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89
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Ružić M, Pellicano R, Fabri M, Luzza F, Boccuto L, Brkić S, Abenavoli L. Hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review. Panminerva Med 2018; 60:185-191. [PMID: 29856183 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.18.03472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver carcinoma, accounting for about 80% of cases. In spite of advances in modern oncology, this neoplasia still holds the second place in overall cancer mortality. HCC is a multifactor disease: it results from accumulated oncogenic potentials made up of several groups of risk factors, the most significant of which is an infection with hepatotropic viruses. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality across the world and affects 1.1% of worldwide population. It has been calculated that on average 2.5% of patients affected by chronic HCV infection develops HCC. Hepatocarcinogenesis is the result of the combination of superposing virus specific factors, immunological mechanisms, environmental factors and factors related to the individuals genetic background. Host-related factors include male gender, age of at least 50 years, family predisposition, obesity, advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis and coinfection with other hepatotropic viruses and human immunodeficiency virus. Environmental factors include heavy alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, and exposure to aflatoxin. In the era of interferon (IFN)-based therapy, the risk of HCC development after established sustained virological response (SVR) was 1% yearly. Data reported in patients with SVR about the increase of HCC prevalence have appeared, after the initial enthusiasm on the efficacy of HCV direct acting antiviral drugs (DAA) protocols. Actually, these data are controversial, but they certainly suggest the need to undertake large, multicenter studies and caution in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Ružić
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Milotka Fabri
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA.,Clemson University School of Health Research, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Snežana Brkić
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy -
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90
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Gerum S, Heinz C, Belka C, Walter F, Paprottka P, De Toni EN, Roeder F. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and oligometastatic liver disease. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:100. [PMID: 29843752 PMCID: PMC5975506 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-018-1048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report our experience with SBRT in primary and secondary liver tumors. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 55 patients (70 lesions) with a median follow-up of 10 months (range 1-57) treated from 2011 to 2016. All patients had not been eligible for other local treatment options. Median age was 64 years and 64% were male. 27 patients (36 lesions) suffered from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, Child A:78%, Child B:18%, Child C:4%), 28 patients (34 lesions) had oligometastatic liver disease (MD). Treatment planning was based on 4D-CT usually after placement of fiducials. Dose and fractionation varied depending on localization and size, most commonly 3 × 12.5 Gy (prescribed to the surrounding 65%-isodose) in 56% and 5x8Gy (80% isodose) in 20% of the treated lesions. RESULTS Local recurrence was observed in 7 patients (13%) and 8 lesions (11%), resulting in estimated 1- and 2-year local control rates (LC) of 91 and 74%. Estimated 1- and 2-year rates of Freedom from hepatic failure (FFHF) were 42 and 28%. Number of lesions was predictive for LC and FFHF in the entire cohort. Estimated 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 76 and 57%. OS was significantly affected by number of treated lesions and performance status. In the HCC subgroup, pretreatment liver function and gender were also predictive for OS. Maximum acute non-hepatic toxicity was grade 1 in 16% and grade 2 in 10% of the patients. Three HCC patients (11%) developed marked deterioration of liver function (grade 3/4). CONCLUSIONS SBRT resulted in high local control and acceptable survival rates in patients with HCC or MD not amendable to other locally-ablative treatment options with limited toxicity. Care should be taken in HCC patients with Child B cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gerum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Heinz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Walter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Paprottka
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N De Toni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich,
- Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Roeder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,CCU Molecular Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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91
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Amicone L, Marchetti A. Microenvironment and tumor cells: two targets for new molecular therapies of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:24. [PMID: 29971255 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.04.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most frequent human cancer and is characterized by a high mortality rate. The aggressiveness appears strictly related to the liver pathological background on which cancer develops. Inflammation and the consequent fibro/cirrhosis, derived from chronic injuries of several origins (viral, toxic and metabolic) and observable in almost all oncological patients, represents the most powerful risk factor for HCC and, at the same time, an important obstacle to the efficacy of systemic therapy. Multiple microenvironmental cues, indeed, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis, evolution and recurrence of HCC as well as in the resistance to standard therapies observed in most of patients. The identification of altered pathways in cancer cells and of microenvironmental changes, strictly connected in pathogenic feedback loop, may permit to plan new therapeutic approaches targeting tumor cells and their permissive microenvironment, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amicone
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marchetti
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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92
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Hemmingsson J, Högberg J, Mölne J, Svensson J, Gjertsson P, Rizell M, Henrikson O, Bernhardt P. Autoradiography and biopsy measurements of a resected hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 90 yttrium radioembolization demonstrate large absorbed dose heterogeneities. Adv Radiat Oncol 2018; 3:439-446. [PMID: 30202811 PMCID: PMC6128031 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Radioembolization is an alternative palliative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we examine the uptake differences between tumor tissue phenotypes and present a cross-section of the absorbed dose throughout a liver tissue specimen. Methods and materials A patient with hepatocellular carcinoma was treated with 90Y radioembolization followed by liver tissue resection. Gamma camera images and autoradiographs were collected and biopsy tissue samples were analyzed using a gamma well counter and light microscopy. Results An analysis of 25 punched biopsy tissue samples identified 4 tissue regions: Normal tissue, viable tumor tissue with and without infarcted areas, and tumor areas with postnecrotic scar tissue. Autoradiography and biopsy tissue sample measurements showed large dose differences between viable and postnecrotic tumor tissue (159 Gy vs 23 Gy). Conclusions Radioembolization of 90 yttrium with resin microspheres produces heterogeneous-absorbed dose distributions in the treatment of unifocal hepatic malignancies that could not be accurately determined with current gamma camera imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hemmingsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Högberg
- Department of Medical Physics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Mölne
- Department of Pathology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Svensson
- Department of Oncology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Gjertsson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rizell
- Department of Surgery, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Henrikson
- Department of Radiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Physics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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93
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Chen C, Lou T. Hypoxia inducible factors in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46691-46703. [PMID: 28493839 PMCID: PMC5542303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers with limited therapeutic options. Pathogenesis of this disease involves tumor hypoxia and the activation of hypoxia inducible factors. In this review, we describe the current understanding of hypoxia signaling pathway and summarize the expression, function and target genes of hypoxia inducible factors in hepatocellular carcinoma. We also highlight the recent progress in hypoxia-targeted therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss further the future efforts for the study of hypoxia and/or hypoxia inducible factors in this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Lou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
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94
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de Oliveira da Silva B, Alberici LC, Ramos LF, Silva CM, da Silveira MB, Dechant CRP, Friedman SL, Sakane KK, Gonçalves LR, Moraes KCM. Altered global microRNA expression in hepatic stellate cells LX-2 by angiotensin-(1-7) and miRNA-1914-5p identification as regulator of pro-fibrogenic elements and lipid metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies to control or reverse hepatic fibrosis requires thorough knowledge about its molecular and cellular basis. It is known that the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)] can reduce hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in vivo; therefore, it is important to uncover the mechanisms regulating its activity and cellular model of investigation. Ang-(1-7) is a peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and here we investigated its modulatory effect on the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) LX-2, which transdifferentiate into fibrogenic and proliferative cells. We compared the miRNA profiles between quiesced, activated and ang-(1-7)-treated activated HSCs to identify miRNAs that may regulate their transdifferentiation. Thirteen miRNAs were pointed, and cellular and molecular analyses identified miRNA-1914-5p as a molecule that contributes to the effects of ang-(1-7) on lipid metabolism and on the pro-fibrotic environment control. In our cellular model, we also analyzed the regulators of fatty acid metabolism. Specifically, miRNA-1914-5p regulates the expression of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD) and phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP or Lipin-1). Additionally, Lipin-1 was closely correlated with mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α and -γ, which also contribute to lipid homeostasis and to the reduction of TGF-β1 expression. These findings provide a novel link between RAS and lipid metabolism in controlling HSCs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda de Oliveira da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Mateus Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechant
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kumiko Koibuchi Sakane
- Institute of Research and Development of Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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95
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Juarez-Flores A, José MV. Multivariate Entropy Characterizes the Gene Expression and Protein-Protein Networks in Four Types of Cancer. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20030154. [PMID: 33265245 PMCID: PMC7844632 DOI: 10.3390/e20030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an important urgency to detect cancer at early stages to treat it, to improve the patients’ lifespans, and even to cure it. In this work, we determined the entropic contributions of genes in cancer networks. We detected sudden changes in entropy values in melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and squamous lung cell carcinoma associated to transitions from healthy controls to cancer. We also identified the most relevant genes involved in carcinogenic process of the four types of cancer with the help of entropic changes in local networks. Their corresponding proteins could be used as potential targets for treatments and as biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Juarez-Flores
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Theoretical Biology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco V. José
- Theoretical Biology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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96
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Potential use of TIA-1, MFF, microRNA-200a-3p, and microRNA-27 as a novel marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:1117-1122. [PMID: 29496454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise and early diagnosis is critical to improve the survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Although several genetic and protein markers have been developed and are currently used for diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic monitoring, application of these markers still needs to be improved for better specificity and efficacy. In this study, we investigated the relative expression of mitochondrial dynamics-regulating factors including T-cell intercellular antigen protein-1 (TIA-1), mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), microRNA (miR)-200a-3p, and miR-27a/b in the liver tissues from HCC patients. The expressions of TIA-1 and MFF were augmented in the cancerous liver tissues compared to the corresponding non-tumor tissues at mRNA and protein level, while the levels of miR-200a-3p and miR-27a/b were relatively lower in the cancerous liver tissues. In addition, high levels of TIA-1 and MFF mRNA were related to the poor survival rate of HCC patients. Our results indicated that the expressions of TIA-1, MFF, miR-200a-3p, and miR-27a/b in the cancerous liver tissues differed to these in non-cancerous tissues of HCC patients, demonstrating that these gene expressions could be potential markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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97
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Jin X, Cai L, Wang C, Deng X, Yi S, Lei Z, Xiao Q, Xu H, Luo H, Sun J. CASC2/miR-24/miR-221 modulates the TRAIL resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cell through caspase-8/caspase-3. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:318. [PMID: 29476051 PMCID: PMC5833678 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common solid tumors in the digestive system. The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is still poor due to the acquisition of multi-drug resistance. TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), an attractive anticancer agent, exerts its effect of selectively inducing apoptosis in tumor cells through death receptors and the formation of the downstream death-inducing signaling complex, which activates apical caspases 3/8 and leads to apoptosis. However, hepatocellular carcinoma cells are resistant to TRAIL. Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and miRNAs have been regarded as major regulators of normal development and diseases, including cancers. Moreover, lncRNAs and miRNAs have been reported to be associated with multi-drug resistance. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which TRAIL resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma is affected from the view of non-coding RNA regulation. We selected and validated candidate miRNAs, miR-24 and miR-221, that regulated caspase 3/8 expression through direct targeting, and thereby affecting TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis TRAIL resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, we revealed that CASC2, a well-established tumor suppressive long non-coding RNA, could serve as a "Sponge" of miR-24 and miR-221, thus modulating TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis TRAIL resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Taken together, we demonstrated a CASC2/miR-24/miR-221 axis, which can affect the TRAIL resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating caspase 3/8; through acting as a "Sponge" of miR-24 and miR-221, CASC2 may contribute to improving hepatocellular carcinoma TRAIL resistance, and finally promoting the treatment efficiency of TRAIL-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lifeng Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shengen Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qiangsheng Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hongwu Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jichun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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98
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Maioli M, Basoli V, Carta P, Fabbri D, Dettori MA, Cruciani S, Serra PA, Delogu G. Synthesis of magnolol and honokiol derivatives and their effect against hepatocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192178. [PMID: 29415009 PMCID: PMC5802897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumour with high level of mortality rate due to its rapid progression and high resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Thus, the search for novel therapeutic leads is of global interest. Herein, a small set of derivatives of magnolol 1 and honokiol 2, the main components of Magnolia grandiflora and Magnolia obovata, were evaluated in in vitro assay using tumoral hepatocytes. The pro-drug approach was applied as versatile strategy to the improve bioactivity of the compounds by careful transformation of the hydroxyl groups of magnolol 1 and honokiol 2 in suitable ester derivatives. Compounds 10 and 11 resulted to be more potent than the parental honokiol 2 at concentration down to 1 μM with complete viability of treated fibroblast cells up to concentrations of 80 μM. The combination of a butyrate ester and a bare phenol-OH group in the honokiol structure seemed to play a significant role in the antiproliferative activity identifying an interesting pharmacological clue against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Neurogenetics and Neuropharmacology, National Research Council, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Centre for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Basoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paola Carta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Fabbri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Centre for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Yan H, Jung KH, Kim J, Rumman M, Oh MS, Hong SS. Artemisia capillaris extract AC68 induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:134-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Obeid JM, Kunk PR, Zaydfudim VM, Bullock TN, Slingluff CL, Rahma OE. Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: is it ready for prime time? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:161-174. [PMID: 29052780 PMCID: PMC11028155 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Current treatment options for patients with intermediate and advanced HCC are limited, and there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. HCC is an attractive target for immunomodulation therapy, since it arises in an inflammatory milieu due to hepatitis B and C infections and cirrhosis. However, a major barrier to the development and success of immunotherapy in patients with HCC is the liver's inherent immunosuppressive function. Recent advances in the field of cancer immunology allowed further characterization of immune cell subsets and function, and created new opportunities for therapeutic modulation of the immune system. In this review, we present the different immune cell subsets involved in potential immune modulation of HCC, discuss their function and clinical relevance, review the variety of immune therapeutic agents currently under investigation in clinical trials, and outline future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Obeid
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Paul R Kunk
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Timothy N Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Osama E Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, M1B13, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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