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miR-221-5p regulates proliferation and migration in human prostate cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:627. [PMID: 31238903 PMCID: PMC6593572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite latest advances in prostate cancer (PCa) therapy, PCa remains the third-leading cause of cancer-related death in European men. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules with gene expression regulatory function, has been reported in all types of epithelial and haematological cancers. In particular, miR-221-5p alterations have been reported in PCa. Methods miRNA expression data was retrieved from a comprehensive publicly available dataset of 218 PCa patients (GSE21036) and miR-221-5p expression levels were analysed. The functional role of miR-221-5p was characterised in androgen- dependent and androgen- independent PCa cell line models (C4–2 and PC-3M-Pro4 cells) by miR-221-5p overexpression and knock-down experiments. The metastatic potential of highly aggressive PC-3M-Pro4 cells overexpressing miR-221-5p was determined by studying extravasation in a zebrafish model. Finally, the effect of miR-221-5p overexpression on the growth of PC-3M-Pro4luc2 cells in vivo was studied by orthotopic implantation in male Balb/cByJ nude mice and assessment of tumor growth. Results Analysis of microRNA expression dataset for human primary and metastatic PCa samples and control normal adjacent benign prostate revealed miR-221-5p to be significantly downregulated in PCa compared to normal prostate tissue and in metastasis compared to primary PCa. Our in vitro data suggest that miR-221-5p overexpression reduced PCa cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, miR-221-5p overexpression dramatically reduced migration of PCa cells, which was associated with differential expression of selected EMT markers. The functional changes of miR-221-5p overexpression were reversible by the loss of miR-221-5p levels, indicating that the tumor suppressive effects were specific to miR-221-5p. Additionally, miR-221-5p overexpression significantly reduced PC-3M-Pro4 cell extravasation and metastasis formation in a zebrafish model and decreased tumor burden in an orthotopic mouse model of PCa. Conclusions Together these data strongly support a tumor suppressive role of miR-221-5p in the context of PCa and its potential as therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5819-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Li L, Wang Y, Wang Q, Qu J, Wei X, Xu J, Wang Y, Suo F, Zhang Y. High developmental pluripotency‑associated 4 expression promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis, and predicts poor prognosis in non‑small‑cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:445-454. [PMID: 31180527 PMCID: PMC6580026 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental pluripotency‑associated 4 (Dppa4) gene serves critical roles in cell self‑renewal, as well as in cancer development and progression. However, the regulatory role of Dppa4 in non‑small‑cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological function of Dppa4 in NSCLC and its underlying mechanism of action. Dppa4 expression was measured in NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines, and its effect on cell proliferation and the expression of glycolytic enzymes was determined. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of Dppa4‑induced alterations in glycolysis were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were also performed to analyze the prognostic significance of clinicopathological characteristics. Dppa4 was found to be highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, it was observed that Dppa4 was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and TNM stage. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified Dppa4 expression and clinical stage as prognostic factors for NSCLC patients. Kaplan‑Meier analysis further revealed that patients with lower Dppa4 expression exhibited a better prognosis. In NSCLC cells, Dppa4 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, while Dppa4 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation, which was likely mediated by glycolysis promotion. Dppa4 knockdown had no evident effect on the majority of enzymes examined; however, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT‑4) and pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 were significantly upregulated, and hexokinase II (HK‑II) and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) were downregulated following Dppa4 knockdown. By contrast, Dppa4 overexpression resulted in downregulation of GLUT‑4, and upregulation of HK‑II, enolase and LDHB, whereas it had no effect on other enzymes. Since the most evident effect was observed on LDHB, further functional experiments demonstrated that this enzyme reversed the promoting effects of Dppa4 in NSCLC. In conclusion, Dppa4 promotes NSCLC progression, partly through glycolysis by LDHB. Thus, the Dppa4‑LDHB axis critically contributes to glycolysis in NSCLC cells, thereby promoting NSCLC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Qu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangju Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jilei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Suo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yangjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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Shafiei S, Kalantari E, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Abolhasani M, Asadi Lari MH, Madjd Z. Increased expression of DCLK1, a novel putative CSC maker, is associated with tumor aggressiveness and worse disease-specific survival in patients with bladder carcinomas. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:164-172. [PMID: 31028726 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) has been characterized as a novel potential cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several types of cancer. It is considered as one of the most specific markers for distinguishing colorectal CSCs from normal stem cells. Yet, there are limited reports on the role of DCLK1 as a putative CSC marker in bladder cancer. Using immunohistochemistry, DCLK1 expression was examined in a well-defined tissue microarray series of 472 bladder cancer tissues. The association between DCLK1 protein expression and clinicopathological features, as well as survival outcomes, was assessed. Our findings showed strong, moderate, and weak DCLK1 expression in 123 (26.1%), 230 (48.7%), and 119 (25.2%) of the bladder cancer specimens, respectively. Higher expression of DCLK1 was significantly associated with increase in histological grade (P ≤ .001), pT stage (P = .014), lamina propria (P = .006), and lamina propria/muscularis (L/M) involvement (P = .014). On multivariate analysis, pT stage (P < .001), histological grade (P = .021), and lamina propria involvement (P = .001) were independent prognostic factors in DCLK1 expression. Moreover, the expression of DCLK1 was found to be an independent marker of poor prognosis for disease- specific survival (DSS) (P = .048) in bladder carcinomas. Our observations showed that DCLK1 expression was associated with more aggressive tumor behavior, more advanced disease, and poorer DSS in patients with bladder carcinomas. However, any potential clinical applications of DCLK1 as a novel target molecule in bladder cancer patients would require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shafiei
- Dep of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Dep of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Hasheminejad Kidney, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Madjd
- Dep of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
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Han SH, Kim JW, Kim M, Kim JH, Lee KW, Kim BH, Oh HK, Kim DW, Kang SB, Kim H, Shin E. Prognostic implication of ABC transporters and cancer stem cell markers in patients with stage III colon cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5572-5580. [PMID: 31186779 PMCID: PMC6507487 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are associated with treatment resistance and outcomes of patients with cancer. The present study investigated the prognostic implications of pre-therapeutic expression of ABC transporters and CSC markers in patients with colon cancer (CC) who received adjuvant 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin combination therapy (FOLFOX-4). The immunohistochemical expression of 3 ABC transporters, including ABC subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2), ABCC3 and ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), and 3 CSC markers, including sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, were determined in 164 CC tissues from patients with stage III CC, who underwent postoperative FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy. The association between the protein expression and patients' prognoses was statistically analyzed. ABCG2 was associated with favorable overall survival rate (OS; P=0.001), and ABCC2, ABCG2 and SOX2 were associated with increased disease-free survival rate (DFS; P=0.001, 0.002 and 0.013, respectively). In multivariate analyses, ABCG2 was an independent prognostic factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR)=2.877; P=0.046], and ABCC2 and SOX2 were independent prognostic factors for DFS (HR=2.831; P=0.014; HR=2.558, P=0.020, respectively). ABCC2, ABCG2 and SOX2 may be promising prognostic markers for patients with CC receiving FOLFOX-4 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, South Gyeongsang 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Milim Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Kwon Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18450, Republic of Korea
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Zhang HL, Wang P, Lu MZ, Zhang SD, Zheng L. c-Myc maintains the self-renewal and chemoresistance properties of colon cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4487-4493. [PMID: 30944638 PMCID: PMC6444394 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer formation, recurrence and drug resistance. c-Myc, one of the core markers for stem cells, has recently been considered to serve as a link between malignancy and ‘stemness’. However, the precise function of c-Myc in colon CSCs is still unclear. In the present study, a subpopulation of colon CSCs expressing a CD133 surface phenotype was isolated from the human HT-29 cell line, which possess greater tumor sphere-forming efficiency and have higher expression of ‘stemness’-associated genes compared with CD133-negative cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that c-Myc was highly expressed in CD133+ colon CSCs. Knockdown of c-Myc expression with small interfering RNA in colon CSCs can significantly inhibit tumor sphere formation, reduce the invasive and migratory capacity of CD133+ cells in vitro, and suppress the tumorigenicity of colon CSCs in vivo. In addition, it was suggested that c-Myc silencing may sensitize colon CSCs to chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity via the downregulation of ABCG2 and ABCB5. These findings support a central role for c-Myc in maintaining the self-renewing and chemoresistant properties of colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Le Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Miao-Zhen Lu
- Department of Oncology, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - San-Dian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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Costa CD, Justo AA, Kobayashi PE, Story MM, Palmieri C, Laufer Amorim R, Fonseca-Alves CE. Characterization of OCT3/4, Nestin, NANOG, CD44 and CD24 as stem cell markers in canine prostate cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 108:21-28. [PMID: 30633985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cancer cell population is heterogeneous, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are important for tumor growth and maintenance. The CSC population is associated with different neoplastic characteristics, such as cell migration, resistance to apoptosis, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. To increase the knowledge of CSCs in canine prostate cancer (PC), we characterized CSC markers in canine PC tissues and tumorspheres. We performed immunohistochemistry of OCT3/4, Nestin, NANOG, CD44 and CD24 in 10 normal canine prostatic tissue samples, 10 prostatic hyperplastic (PH) tissue samples and 28 PC tissue samples. Then, we established two canine prostate cancer cell cultures and characterized the CSC profile of tumorspheres grown from these cultures. Normal and PH tissues were positive for Nestin, NANOG, CD44 and CD24 only in the basal cell layer. OCT3/4 was expressed in the luminal cells of normal and PH tissues. There was no significant difference in Nestin expression among the prostatic tissues. However, we found higher expression of NANOG and CD44 in canine PC tissues than that in normal and PH tissues. Tumorspheres from canine prostate cancer cells express OCT3/4, Nestin, NANOG and CD44, indicating that these markers may be potential cancer stem cell markers in canine PC. The results obtained can be useful to better characterize the stem cell population in canine prostatic cancer and to guide future studies in comparative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Dorotea Costa
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Augusto Justo
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Emiko Kobayashi
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle M Story
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Renée Laufer Amorim
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Takeda K, Mizushima T, Yokoyama Y, Hirose H, Wu X, Qian Y, Ikehata K, Miyoshi N, Takahashi H, Haraguchi N, Hata T, Matsuda C, Doki Y, Mori M, Yamamoto H. Sox2 is associated with cancer stem-like properties in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17639. [PMID: 30518951 PMCID: PMC6281572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox2 is known as the undifferentiated cell marker. Recent studies have shown that Sox2 may also be involved in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in skin and bladder cancers. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of Sox2 in colorectal CSCs. Sox2 expression was measured in colon cancer cells and colorectal clinical samples by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. To visualize the active Sox2 mRNA production, we generated a Sox2 promoter-dependent DsRed fluorescence emission system. Colon cancer cell lines and colorectal tumor tissues generally expressed the Sox2 protein. Knockdown of Sox2 by siRNA led to increased proliferative activity in Caco2 cells. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the group with high Sox2 mRNA expression had a worse prognosis for relapse-free survival (RFS) than the low expression group (P = 0.045, median follow-up 60.0 months). Time-lapse image analysis revealed that most DsRed+ cells exhibited typical asymmetric cell division and had higher CSC marker expressions. The DsRed+ cells exhibited chemoresistance and they grew slower in vitro, yet they established rather larger tumors in vivo. Our data suggest that Sox2 may be a potential biomarker for colorectal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruka Hirose
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yamin Qian
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ikehata
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chu Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Pathology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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La Noce M, Paino F, Mele L, Papaccio G, Regad T, Lombardi A, Papaccio F, Desiderio V, Tirino V. HDAC2 depletion promotes osteosarcoma's stemness both in vitro and in vivo: a study on a putative new target for CSCs directed therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:296. [PMID: 30509303 PMCID: PMC6276256 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in cancer initiation, progression and chemoresistance. Epigenetic alterations have been identified as prominent factors that contribute to the CSCs phenotype. Here, we investigated the effects of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) and the demethylating agent, 5’azacytidine (DAC) on the stem phenotype of MG63 and Saos2 osteosarcoma cell lines. Methods Saos2 and MG63 cells were treated with DAC and VPA, alone and in combination. Untreated and treated cells were examined for stemness phenotype by cytometry and real-time PCR. Sarcospheres and colonies formation were also evaluated. Moreover, histone modification and methylation were tested by flow cytomery and western blotting. HDAC2 depleted cells were examined for stemness phenotype and their ability to generate tumors in NOD/SCID IL2R-gamma-0 (NSG) mice. HDAC2 expression on human osteosarcoma tissues was evaluated. Results We found that DAC and VPA induce an increased expression of stem markers including CD133, OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG, and an increased ability in sarcospheres and colonies formation efficiency. Interestingly, we showed that DAC and VPA treatment decreased repressive histone markers, while increased the active ones. These histone modifications were also associated with an increase of acetylation of histones H3, a decrease of DNA global methylation, HDAC2 and DNMT3a. Furthermore, HDAC2 silenced-MG63 and Saos2 cells acquired a stem phenotype, and promoted in vivo tumorigenesis. In human osteosarcoma tissues, HDAC2 was strongly expressed in nucleus. Conclusions Collectively, our results suggest that VPA and DAC induce an expansion of osteosarcoma CSCs, and we report for the first time that HDAC2 is a key factor regulating both CSCs phenotype and in vivo cancer growth. In conclusion, we have identified HDAC2 as a potential therapeutic target in human osteosarcoma treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0978-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella La Noce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Commenda,10, 20122, Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi", Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", via S. Pansini-Cappella Cangiani, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Muenzner JK, Kunze P, Lindner P, Polaschek S, Menke K, Eckstein M, Geppert CI, Chanvorachote P, Baeuerle T, Hartmann A, Schneider-Stock R. Generation and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with enhanced cancer stem cell potential. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6238-6248. [PMID: 30280520 PMCID: PMC6237557 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes for cancer-related death worldwide with rapidly increasing incidence and mortality rates. As for other types of cancers, also in HCC cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, progression and therapy failure. However, as rare subpopulations of tumour tissue, CSCs are difficult to isolate, thus making the development of suitable and reliable model systems necessary. In our study, we generated HepG2 subclones with enriched CSC potential by application of the spheroid formation method and subsequent single-cell cloning. Analyses in several 2D and 3D cell culture systems as well as a panel of functional assays both in vitro and in vivo revealed that the generated subclones displayed characteristic and sustained features of tumour initiating cells as well as highly aggressive properties related to tumour progression and metastasis. These characteristics could clearly be correlated with the expression of CSC markers that might have prognostic value in the clinical HCC setting. Therefore, we conclude that our CSC enriched HepG2 clones certainly represent suitable model systems to study the role of CSCs during HCC initiation, progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne K Muenzner
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kunze
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pablo Lindner
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Polaschek
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kira Menke
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tobias Baeuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE), Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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60
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Kim HR, Kim J, Park SR, Min BH, Choi BH. Characterization of Human Fetal Cartilage Progenitor Cells During Long-Term Expansion in a Xeno-Free Medium. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:649-659. [PMID: 30603586 PMCID: PMC6171703 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapy requires a serum-free and/or chemically-defined medium for commercialization, but it is difficult to find one that supports long-term expansion of cells without compromising their stemness, particularly for novel stem cells. METHODS In this study, we tested the efficiency of StemPro® MSC SFM Xeno Free (SFM-XF), a serum-free medium, for the long-term expansion of human fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells (hFCPCs) from three donors in comparison to that of the conventional α-Modified Eagle's Medium (α-MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). RESULTS We found that SFM-XF supported the expansion of hFCPCs for up to 28-30 passages without significant changes in the doubling time, while α-MEM with 10% FBS showed a rapid increase in doubling time at 10-18 passages depending on the donor. Senescence of hFCPCs was not observed until passage 10 in both media but was induced in approximately 15 and 25% of cells at passage 20 in SFM-XF and α-MEM with 10% FBS, respectively. The colony forming ability of hFCPCs in SFX-XF was also comparable to that in α-MEM with 10% FBS. hFCPCs expressed pluripotency genes like Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog, SCF, and SSEA4 at passage 20 and 31 in SFM-XF; however, this was not observed when cells were cultured in α-MEM with 10% FBS. The ability of hFCPCs to differentiate into three mesodermal lineages decreased gradually in both media but it was less significant in SFM-XF. Finally we found no chromosomal abnormality after long-term culture of hFCPCs until passage 17 by karyotype analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SFM-XF supports the long-term expansion of hFCPCs without significant phenotypic and chromosomal changes. This study have also shown that hFCPCs can be mass-produced in vitro, proving their commercial value as a novel source for developing cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwal Ran Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtonggu, Suwon, 16499 Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| | - So Ra Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtonggu, Suwon, 16499 Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 Korea
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
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61
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The special stemness functions of Tbx3 in stem cells and cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 57:105-110. [PMID: 30268432 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The T-box factors belong to an ancient protein family, which comprises a cluster of evolutionarily-conserved transcription factors that regulate gene expression and that are crucial to embryonic development. T-box transcription factor 3 (Tbx3) is a member of this family, is expressed in some tissues, and is a key regulator in many critical organs, including the heart, mammary gland, and limbs. Overexpression of Tbx3 is associated with a number of cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gastric, breast, ovary, cervical, pancreatic, bladder and liver cancers, as well as melanoma. Tbx3 promotes tumor development by modulating cell proliferation, tumor formation, metastasis, cell survival and drug resistance. Moreover, there is strong evidence that Tbx3 regulates stem cell maintenance by controlling stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Verification of the upstream regulatory factors and potential molecular mechanism of Tbx3, being able to explain the function of Tbx3 in carcinogenic effects and stem cell maintenance, will make a valuable contribution to stem cell and cancer research. This review provides an insight into the current research on Tbx3 and explores the significance of Tbx3 in stem cells and tumorigenesis.
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62
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Dong R, Chen P, Chen Q. Inhibition of pancreatic cancer stem cells by Rauwolfia vomitoria extract. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3144-3154. [PMID: 30272287 PMCID: PMC6196640 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor treatment outcomes of pancreatic cancer are linked to an enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in these tumors, which are resistant to chemotherapy and promote metastasis and tumor recurrence. The present study investigated an extract from the root of the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria (Rau) for its activity against pancreatic CSCs. In vitro tumor spheroid formation and CSC markers were tested, and in vivo tumorigenicity was evaluated in nude mice. Rau inhibited the overall proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging between 125 and 325 µg/ml, and showed limited cytotoxicity towards normal epithelial cells. The pancreatic CSC population, identified using cell surface markers or a tumor spheroid formation assay, was significantly reduced, with an IC50 value of ~100 µg/ml treatment for 48 h and ~27 µg/ml for long-term tumor spheroid formation. The levels of CSC-related gene Nanog and nuclear β-catenin were decreased, suggesting suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo, 20 mg/kg of Rau administered five times per week by oral gavage significantly reduced the tumorigenicity of PANC-1 cells in immunocompromised mice. Taken together, these data showed that Rau preferentially inhibited pancreatic cancer stem cells. Further investigation is warranted to examine the potential of Rau as a novel treatment for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, KU Integrative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, KU Integrative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, KU Integrative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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63
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Milosevic M, Lazarevic M, Toljic B, Simonovic J, Trisic D, Nikolic N, Petrovic M, Milasin J. Characterization of stem-like cancer cells in basal cell carcinoma and its surgical margins. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1160-1165. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milosevic
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milos Lazarevic
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Bosko Toljic
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jelena Simonovic
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Dijana Trisic
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Nađa Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milan Petrovic
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics; School of Dental Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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64
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Hiew MSY, Cheng HP, Huang CJ, Chong KY, Cheong SK, Choo KB, Kamarul T. Incomplete cellular reprogramming of colorectal cancer cells elicits an epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotype. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:57. [PMID: 30025541 PMCID: PMC6052640 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Induced pluripotency in cancer cells by ectopic expression of pluripotency-regulating factors may be used for disease modeling of cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are negative regulators of gene expression that play important role in reprogramming somatic cells. However, studies on the miRNA expression profile and the expression patterns of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in induced pluripotent cancer (iPC) cells are lacking. Methods iPC clones were generated from two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines by retroviral transduction of the Yamanaka factors. The iPC clones obtained were characterized by morphology, expression of pluripotency markers and the ability to undergo in vitro tri-lineage differentiation. Genome-wide miRNA profiles of the iPC cells were obtained by microarray analysis and bioinformatics interrogation. Gene expression was done by real-time RT-PCR and immuno-staining; MET/EMT protein levels were determined by western blot analysis. Results The CRC-iPC cells showed embryonic stem cell-like features and tri-lineage differentiation abilities. The spontaneously-differentiated post-iPC cells obtained were highly similar to the parental CRC cells. However, down-regulated pluripotency gene expression and failure to form teratoma indicated that the CRC-iPC cells had only attained partial pluripotency. The CRC-iPC cells shared similarities in the genome-wide miRNA expression profiles of both cancer and pluripotent embryonic stem cells. One hundred and two differentially-expressed miRNAs were identified in the CRC-iPC cells, which were predicted by bioinformatics analysis be closely involved in regulating cellular pluripotency and the expression of the MET/EMT genes, possibly via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. Irregular and inconsistent expression patterns of the EMT vimentin and Snai1 and MET E-cadherin and occludin proteins were observed in the four CRC-iPC clones analyzed, which suggested an epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid phenotype in the partially reprogrammed CRC cells. MET/EMT gene expression was also generally reversed on re-differentiation, also suggesting epigenetic regulation. Conclusions Our data support the elite model for cancer cell-reprogramming in which only a selected subset of cancer may be fully reprogrammed; partial cancer cell reprogramming may also elicit an epithelial-mesenchymal mixed phenotype, and highlight opportunities and challenges in cancer cell-reprogramming. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0461-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sook Yuin Hiew
- Centre for Stem Cell Research & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia.,Present address: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Han Ping Cheng
- Centre for Stem Cell Research & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Postgraduate Program, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kowit Yu Chong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science & Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Soon Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Postgraduate Program, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg. Long, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning & Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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65
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Dong R, Chen P, Chen Q. Extract of the Medicinal Plant Pao Pereira Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Stem-Like Cell In Vitro and In Vivo. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1204-1215. [PMID: 29985062 PMCID: PMC6247539 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418786027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancers are enriched with cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are
resistant to chemotherapies, and responsible for tumor metastasis and
recurrence. Here, we investigated the extract of a medicinal plant Pao Pereira
(Pao) for its activity against pancreatic CSCs. Pao inhibited overall
proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines with IC50 ranging
from 125 to 325 μg/mL and had limited cytotoxicity to normal epithelial cells.
Pancreatic CSC population, identified using surface markers CD24+ CD44+ EpCam+
or tumor spheroid formation assay, was significantly reduced, with
IC50s of ~100 μg/mL for 48 hours treatment, and ~27 μg/mL for
long-term treatment. Nuclear β-catenin levels were decreased, suggesting
suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo, Pao at 20 mg/kg, 5
times/week gavage, significantly reduced tumorigenicity of PANC-1 cells in
immunocompromised mice, indicating inhibition of CSCs in vivo. Further
investigation is warranted in using Pao as a novel treatment targeting
pancreatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Dong
- 1 University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- 1 University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- 1 University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Sp N, Kang DY, Kim DH, Park JH, Lee HG, Kim HJ, Darvin P, Park YM, Yang YM. Nobiletin Inhibits CD36-Dependent Tumor Angiogenesis, Migration, Invasion, and Sphere Formation Through the Cd36/Stat3/Nf-Κb Signaling Axis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060772. [PMID: 29914089 PMCID: PMC6024609 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy with natural compounds is more effective than nontargeted therapy. Nobiletin is a flavonoid derived from citrus peel that has anticancer activity. Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family that is involved in importing fatty acids into cells. CD36 plays a role in tumor angiogenesis by binding to its ligand, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and then interacting with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). CD36 is implicated in tumor metastasis through its roles in fatty acid metabolism. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying nobiletin's anticancer activity by characterizing its interactions with CD36 as the target molecule. We hypothesize that the anti-angiogenic activity of nobiletin involving its regulation of CD36 via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) rather than through TSP-1. Gene analysis identified a Gamma interferon activation site (GAS) element in the CD36 gene promoter that acts as a STAT3 binding site, an interaction that was confirmed by ChIP assay. STAT3 interacts with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), suggesting that nobiletin also acts through the CD36/ (STAT3)/NF-κB signaling axis. Nobiletin inhibited CD36-dependent breast cancer cell migration and invasion as well as CD36-mediated tumor sphere formation. Taken together, these results suggest that nobiletin inhibits cancer stem cells in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Doh Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-Ro, Jung Gu, Incheon 400-103, Korea.
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Korea.
| | - Hye Jee Kim
- King's College London GKT School of Medical Education, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Pramod Darvin
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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67
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Mohajertehran F, Sahebkar A, Zare R, Mohtasham N. The promise of stem cell markers in the diagnosis and therapy of epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8499-8507. [PMID: 29797575 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer. Epithelial dysplasia is often initiated in the cells and cell nuclei adjacent to the epithelial cell membrane. Reduced cell-cell adhesions enable cancer cells to detach from the tumor and disseminate to other organs. The mutations in epithelial dysplasia markers such as E-cadherin and epithelial cell adhesion molecules (CD326) can lead to proliferation, growth and survival of the tumor cells and persistence of numerous malignancies that play a key role in epithelial dysplasia of OSCC. Accordingly, these genes can be considered prognostic markers or potential therapeutic targets for the tailored management of patients with OSCC. The gene expression profile of OSCC stem cells indicates a differential pattern that facilitates establishing a cell signature. Owing to the highly tumorigenic behavior of cancer stem cells and the role of these cells in tumor differentiation, treatment resistance, relapse, and metastasis, we reviewed the role of stem cell markers in epithelial dysplasia and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Mohajertehran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Zare
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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68
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Lu S, Lin C, Cheng X, Hua H, Xiang T, Huang Y, Huang X. Cardamonin reduces chemotherapy resistance of colon cancer cells via the TSP50/NF-κB pathway in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9641-9646. [PMID: 29928339 PMCID: PMC6004643 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been reported that cardamonin is able to regulate glycometabolism and vasodilation whilst also exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. The antitumor effect of cardamonin is multifaceted, and so it is necessary to investigate the antitumor mechanisms of cardamonin at the molecular level. Cardamonin alters chemotherapy-resistant colon cancer cell growth; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cardamonin on chemotherapy-resistant colon cancer cells and the possible mechanisms of action. Cardamonin significantly suppressed the growth of chemotherapy-resistant colon cancer cells, induced apoptosis and promoted caspase-3/9 activity and Bax protein expression in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant HCT-116 cells. Cardamonin significantly suppressed c-MYC, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, cyclin E, testes-specific protease 50 and nuclear factor-κB protein expression in 5-FU-resistant HCT-116 cells. The findings of the present study demonstrate that cardamonin suppresses chemotherapy-colon cancer cell via the NF-κB pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Caizhao Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Hanju Hua
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
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Zhang Q, Li XT, Chen Y, Chen JQ, Zhu JY, Meng Y, Wang XQ, Li Y, Geng SS, Xie CF, Wu JS, Zhong CY, Han HY. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates the suppressive effects of diallyl trisulfide on colorectal cancer stem cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:969-977. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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70
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Decreased TRPM7 inhibits activities and induces apoptosis of bladder cancer cells via ERK1/2 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72941-72960. [PMID: 27662662 PMCID: PMC5341955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) functions as a Mg2+/Ca2+-permeable channel fused with a kinase domain and regulates various physical processes and diseases. However, its effects on pathogenesis of human bladder cancer (BCa) has not been clarified yet. Our microarray analysis has suggested that calcium signaling pathway is connected with bladder cancer via MAPK pathway. Therefore, we aim to investigate the mechanism of TRPM7 in BCa tumorigenesis by using BCa tissues compared with normal bladder epithelium tissues, as well as using distinct BCa cell lines (EJ, 5637 and T24). We observed increased TRPM7 expression and dysregulation of proteins involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in BCa tissues. Moreover, knockdown of TRPM7 in BCa cells reversed the EMT status, accompanied by increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, TRPM7 deficiency could inhibit BCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as induce p-ERK1/2 and suppress PI3K/AKT at the protein level. Downregulation of TRPM7 promoted cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis in vitro, which could be recovered by pre-treatment with U0126 to deactivate ERK1/2, suggesting a close correlation between TRPM7 and the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, a NOD/SCID mouse model transplanted using the BCa cells was established, revealing delayed tumor growth by reduced protein activity and mRNA transcription of TRPM7 in vivo. Our results suggested TRPM7 might be essential for BCa tumorigenesis by interfering BCa cell proliferation, motility and apoptosis.
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71
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Smeets E, Lynch AG, Prekovic S, Van den Broeck T, Moris L, Helsen C, Joniau S, Claessens F, Massie CE. The role of TET-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:41-55. [PMID: 28870782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are recently characterized dioxygenases that regulate demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and further derivatives. The recent finding that 5hmC is also a stable and independent epigenetic modification indicates that these proteins play an important role in diverse physiological and pathological processes such as neural and tumor development. Both the genomic distribution of (hydroxy)methylation and the expression and activity of TET proteins are dysregulated in a wide range of cancers including prostate cancer. Up to now it is still unknown how changes in TET and 5(h)mC profiles are related to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. In this review, we explore recent advances in the current understanding of how TET expression and function are regulated in development and cancer. Furthermore, we look at the impact on 5hmC in prostate cancer and the potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, we tried to summarize the latest techniques for detecting and quantifying global and locus-specific 5hmC levels of genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smeets
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Prekovic
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Moris
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C E Massie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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72
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Somanath P, Bush KM, Knoepfler PS. ERBB3-Binding Protein 1 (EBP1) Is a Novel Developmental Pluripotency-Associated-4 (DPPA4) Cofactor in Human Pluripotent Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:671-682. [PMID: 29327467 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Developmental Pluripotency-Associated-4 (DPPA4) is one of the few core pluripotency genes lacking clearly defined molecular and cellular functions. Here, we used a proteomics screening approach of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) nuclear extract to determine DPPA4 molecular functions through identification of novel cofactors. Unexpectedly, the signaling molecule ERBB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) was the strongest candidate binding partner for DPPA4 in hESC. EBP1 is a growth factor signaling mediator present in two isoforms, p48 and p42. The two isoforms generally have opposing functions, however their roles in pluripotent cells have not been established. We found that DPPA4 preferentially binds p48 in pluripotent and NTERA-2 cells, but this interaction is largely absent in non-pluripotent cells and is reduced with differentiation. The DPPA4-EBP1 interaction is mediated at least in part in DPPA4 by the highly conserved SAF-A/B, Acinus and PIAS (SAP) domain. Functionally, we found that DPPA4 transcriptional repressive function in reporter assays is significantly increased by specific p48 knockdown, an effect that was abolished with an interaction-deficient DPPA4 ΔSAP mutant. Thus, DPPA4 and EBP1 may cooperate in transcriptional functions through their physical association in a pluripotent cell specific context. Our study identifies EBP1 as a novel pluripotency cofactor and provides insight into potential mechanisms used by DPPA4 in regulating pluripotency through its association with EBP1. Stem Cells 2018;36:671-682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Somanath
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kelly M Bush
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Paul S Knoepfler
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
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73
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Li X, Meng Y, Xie C, Zhu J, Wang X, Li Y, Geng S, Wu J, Zhong C, Li M. Diallyl Trisulfide inhibits breast cancer stem cells via suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4134-4141. [PMID: 29243835 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a central role in the development of breast cancer. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway is critical for maintaining CSCs characteristics. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a natural organosulfur compound from the garlic, exhibits effective antitumor properties. However, the role of DATS in regulating breast CSCs activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we reported that DATS efficiently inhibited the viability of breast CSCs as evidenced by reducing turmorspheres formation, decreasing the expression of breast CSCs markers (CD44, ALDH1A1, Nanog, and Oct4), as well as inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that DATS downregulated the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, while LiCl-triggered Wnt/β-catenin activation diminished DATS inhibition on breast CSCs. Taken together, our results illustrated that DATS suppressed breast CSCs through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. These novel findings could provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of breast CSCs regulation as well as its target intervention and might provide new strategies for preventing and treating breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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74
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Tao J, Rong W, Diao X, Zhou H. Toxic responses of Sox2 gene in the regeneration of the earthworm Eisenia foetida exposed to Retnoic acid. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 204:106-112. [PMID: 29229524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous retinoic acid delays and disturbs the regeneration of Eisenia foetida. The stem cell pluripotency factor, Sox2, can play a crucial role in cell reprogramming and dedifferentiation. In this study, we compared the regeneration of Eisenia foetida in different segments after amputation and the effects of retinoic acid on the regeneration of different segments. The results showed that the regeneration speed of the head and tail was slightly faster than the middle part, and retinoic acid disrupted and delayed the regeneration of the earthworm. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of the Sox2 gene and Sox2 protein was highest on the seventh day in different segments (p<0.05). After treatment with retinoic acid, the expression level of the Sox2 gene and Sox2 protein was significantly reduced (p<0.05). The results indicated that the regeneration of earthworms and the formation of blastema are related to the expression of the Sox2 gene and protein. Retinoic acid delays and interferes with the regeneration of the earthworm by affecting the expression levels of the Sox2 gene and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wei Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Hailong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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75
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Adeola HA, Smith M, Kaestner L, Blackburn JM, Zerbini LF. Novel potential serological prostate cancer biomarkers using CT100+ cancer antigen microarray platform in a multi-cultural South African cohort. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13945-64. [PMID: 26885621 PMCID: PMC4924690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for high throughput diagnostic tools for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of prostate cancer (PCa) in Africa. The role of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) in PCa in men of African descent is poorly researched. Hence, we aimed to elucidate the role of 123 Tumour Associated Antigens (TAAs) using antigen microarray platform in blood samples (N = 67) from a South African PCa, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and disease control (DC) cohort. Linear (fold-over-cutoff) and differential expression quantitation of autoantibody signal intensities were performed. Molecular signatures of candidate PCa antigen biomarkers were identified and analyzed for ethnic group variation. Potential cancer diagnostic and immunotherapeutic inferences were drawn. We identified a total of 41 potential diagnostic/therapeutic antigen biomarkers for PCa. By linear quantitation, four antigens, GAGE1, ROPN1, SPANXA1 and PRKCZ were found to have higher autoantibody titres in PCa serum as compared with BPH where MAGEB1 and PRKCZ were highly expressed. Also, p53 S15A and p53 S46A were found highly expressed in the disease control group. Statistical analysis by differential expression revealed twenty-four antigens as upregulated in PCa samples, while 11 were downregulated in comparison to BPH and DC (FDR = 0.01). FGFR2, COL6A1and CALM1 were verifiable biomarkers of PCa analysis using urinary shotgun proteomics. Functional pathway annotation of identified biomarkers revealed similar enrichment both at genomic and proteomic level and ethnic variations were observed. Cancer antigen arrays are emerging useful in potential diagnostic and immunotherapeutic antigen biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Adeola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muneerah Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa Kaestner
- Urology Department, Grootes Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Luiz F Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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76
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Yan X, Shan Z, Yan L, Zhu Q, Liu L, Xu B, Liu S, Jin Z, Gao Y. High expression of Zinc-finger protein X-linked promotes tumor growth and predicts a poor outcome for stage II/III colorectal cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19680-92. [PMID: 26967242 PMCID: PMC4991411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-finger protein X-linked (ZFX) was recently identified as a novel oncoprotein in several human malignancies. In this study, we examined the correlation between ZFX expression and the clinical characteristics of stage II/III CRC patients, as well as the molecular mechanism by which ZFX apparently contributes to CRC tumor progression. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected expression of ZFX in CRC tissues collected from stage II/III patients and determined that its expression correlated with tumor differentiation and stage. Survival analysis indicated that patients with high ZFX expression had poorer overall and disease-free survival. ZFX knockdown in SW620 and SW480 CRC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, enhanced apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest. It also enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-Fu. In a xenograft model, ZFX knockdown suppressed in vivo CRC tumor growth. Microarray analysis revealed the primary target of ZFX to be DUSP5. Whereas ZFX knockdown increased DUSP5 expression, DUSP5 knockdown rescued ZFX-mediated cell proliferation in ZFX knockdown cells. These findings demonstrate that ZFX promotes CRC progression by suppressing DUSP5 expression and suggest that ZFX is a novel prognostic biomarker and potentially useful therapeutic target in stage II/III CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sihong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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77
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Curcumin reversed chronic tobacco smoke exposure induced urocystic EMT and acquisition of cancer stem cells properties via Wnt/β-catenin. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3066. [PMID: 28981096 PMCID: PMC5680574 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the most important single risk factor for bladder cancer. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a transdifferentiation process, involved in the initiation of TS-related cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have an essential role in the progression of many tumors including TS-related cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of TS exposure induced urocystic EMT and acquisition of CSCs properties remains undefined. Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical for EMT and the maintenance of CSCs. The aim of our present study was to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chronic TS exposure induced urocystic EMT, stemness acquisition and the preventive effect of curcumin. Long time TS exposure induced EMT changes and the levels of CSCs’ markers were significant upregulated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulated TS-triggered EMT and stemness, as evidenced by the findings that TS elevated Wnt/β-catenin activation, and that TS-mediated EMT and stemness were attenuated by Wnt/β-catenin inhibition. Treatment of curcumin reversed TS-elicited activation of Wnt/β-catenin, EMT and CSCs properties. Collectively, these data indicated the regulatory role of Wnt/β-catenin in TS-triggered urocystic EMT, acquisition of CSCs properties and the chemopreventive effect of curcumin.
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78
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Munro MJ, Wickremesekera SK, Peng L, Tan ST, Itinteang T. Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer: a review. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:110-116. [PMID: 28942428 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men. Adenocarcinoma accounts for 90% of CRC cases. There has been accumulating evidence in support of the cancer stem cell (CSC) concept of cancer which proposes that CSCs are central in the initiation of cancer. CSCs have been the focus of study in a range of cancers, including CRC. This has led to the identification and understanding of genes involved in the induction and maintenance of pluripotency of stem cells, and markers for CSCs, including those investigated specifically in CRC. Knowledge of the expression pattern of CSCs in CRC has been increasing in recent years, revealing a heterogeneous population of cells within CRC ranging from pluripotent to differentiated cells, with overlapping and sometimes unique combinations of markers. This review summarises current literature on the understanding of CSCs in CRC, including evidence of the presence of CSC subpopulations, and the stem cell markers currently used to identify and localise these CSC subpopulations. Future research into this field may lead to improved methods for early detection of CRC, novel therapy and monitoring of treatment for CRC and other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Munro
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Susrutha K Wickremesekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of General Surgery, Upper Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Section, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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79
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Roudi R, Ebrahimi M, Shariftabrizi A, Madjd Z. Cancer stem cell research in Iran: potentials and challenges. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1809-1826. [PMID: 28776391 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment modalities can reduce cancer-related mortality; however, a majority of patients develop drug resistance, metastasis and relapse. It has been proposed that tumorigenic characteristics of tumors are related to a proportion of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Following the first evidence regarding the existence of CSC population in acute myeloid leukemia in 1997, publications in CSCs field showed an explosive trend in all cancer types around the world. First research paper in the field of CSCs in Iran was published in 2004 on prostate cancer. Subsequently, an annual number of publications in the field of CSCs displayed a rapidly growing trend. Therefore, in the current review, we have presented a comprehensive evaluation of the CSCs research in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells & Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shariftabrizi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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80
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Li C, Zhu M, Lou X, Liu C, Chen H, Lin X, Ji W, Li Z, Su C. Transcriptional factor OCT4 promotes esophageal cancer metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71933-71945. [PMID: 29069758 PMCID: PMC5641101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) can promote cancer proliferation and metastasis. Esophageal carcinoma (ECC) harbors different quantities of OCT4-positive cancer cells. These cells are highly malignant and prone to metastasis; however, the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we found that OCT4 enhances vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) promoter activity to promote VEGF-C expression and activates VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) in ECC cells, thereby inducing cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Studies using xenograft models showed that OCT4 promoted xenograft growth and intraperitoneal implantation metastasis of ECC cells. Downregulation of OCT4 expression could inhibit cancer metastasis. OCT4- and VEGF-C-positive ECC presented more malignant biological behaviors and the corresponding patients exhibited a poor prognosis. The study confirmed that the OCT4/VEGF-C/VEGFR-3/EMT signaling plays a role in the progression of ECC. Understanding of how OCT4 regulates EMT and how ECC metastasis occurs will provide useful targets for the biological treatment of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Maoling Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaoli Lou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hezhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuejing Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weidan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital Esophageal Disease Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and National Center of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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81
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Ram R, Brasch HD, Dunne JC, Davis PF, Tan ST, Itinteang T. The Identification of Three Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations within Moderately Differentiated Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Surg 2017; 4:12. [PMID: 28321397 PMCID: PMC5337496 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify and characterize cancer stem cells (CSCs) in moderately differentiated lip squamous cell carcinoma (MDLSCC). Method MDLSCC samples underwent 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for squamous cell carcinoma marker EMA, CSC marker CD44 and embryonic stem cell markers NANOG, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3). Immunofluorescent IHC staining was performed on two MDLSCC samples. Western blotting (WB) was used to confirm the expression of the aforementioned proteins and their transcription activation was investigated using NanoString and RT-qPCR. Results IHC staining demonstrated the presence of (1) an EMA+/CD44+/SALL4+/NANOG+/pSTAT3+/SOX2+/OCT4− CSC subpopulation within the tumor nests (TNs); (2) a CD44+/SALL4+/NANOG+/pSTAT3+/SOX2+/OCT4− CSC subpopulation; and (3) a CD44+/SALL4+/NANOG+/pSTAT3+/SOX2+/OCT4+ CSC subpopulation within the stroma, between the TNs. NanoString and RT-qPCR confirmed the presence of mRNA for CD44, SALL4, STAT3, SOX2, and OCT4, and WB confirmed the presence of NANOG, pSTAT3, SOX2, and OCT4. Conclusion This study demonstrates three putative CSC subpopulations within MDLSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Ram
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Helen D Brasch
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | | | - Paul F Davis
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand; Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tinte Itinteang
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
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82
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Shin JG, Cheong HS, Lee K, Ju BG, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Yoon JH, Cheong JY, Cho SW, Park NH, Namgoong S, Kim LH, Kim YJ, Shin HD. Identification of novel OCT4 genetic variant associated with the risk of chronic hepatitis B in a Korean population. Liver Int 2017; 37:354-361. [PMID: 27596359 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B viral infection is a serious risk factor for chronic hepatitis B (CHB), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted to identify important genetic variant associated with the risk of CHB. In our previous GWAS, TCF19 was identified as one of the susceptibility genes for CHB risk (P=4.2×10-9 at rs1419881). In order to discover possible additional causal variants around TCF19, we performed an association study by genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OCT4, a nearby gene to TCF19. METHODS Nineteen OCT4 genetic variants were selected and genotyped in 3902 subjects (1046 CHB patients and 2856 population controls). RESULTS Logistic regression analysis revealed that OCT4 rs1265163 showed the most significant association signal for the risk of CHB (OR=1.46, P=4.78×10-12 ). Linkage disequilibrium and conditional analysis confirmed rs1265163 in OCT4 as a novel genetic marker for CHB susceptibility. The genetic risk scores (GRSs) were calculated to visualize the combined genetic effects of all known CHB-associated loci, including OCT4 rs1265163, which had been identified in this study. Individuals with higher cumulative GRSs showed significantly increased ORs. The luciferase activity of rs885952, a tagging SNP of rs1265163, showed that OCT4 promoter activity was significantly different between the wild-type and SNP mutant form (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS This follow-up study to our previous GWAS identified a possible causal genetic variant associated with the risk of CHB, and findings from this study may prove useful in the understanding of genetic susceptibility to CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Gon Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwanghyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Neung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Suhg Namgoong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lyoung Hyo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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83
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Abstract
The role of p53 as “a guardian of the genome” has been well established in somatic cells. However, its role in pluripotent stem cells remains much more elusive. Here, we discuss research progress in understanding the role of p53 in pluripotent stem cells and in pluripotent stem cell-like cancer stem cells. The p53 protein, which plays a key role in embryonic stem cells, was first discovered in 2005. Landmark studies of p53-related reprogramming elucidated this protein’s importance in induced pluripotent stem cells in 2009. The p53-related safety concerns in pluripotent stem cells have been raised in stem cell-based therapy although the use of iPSCs in therapeutic application is promising. Because cancer stem cells have profiles similar to those of pluripotent stem cells, we also describe potential strategies for studies in cancer stem cells and cancer treatments. The new discoveries of p53 family proteins in pluripotent stem cells have made possible stable progress in stem cell transplantation efficiency and safety, as well as treatment strategies targeting cancer stem cells based on pluripotent stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiang Lin
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 ShangXiaDian Rd, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China. .,Center for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 ShangXiaDian Rd, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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84
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Srinual S, Chanvorachote P, Pongrakhananon V. Suppression of cancer stem-like phenotypes in NCI-H460 lung cancer cells by vanillin through an Akt-dependent pathway. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1341-1351. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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85
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Li H, Yan X, Liu L, Huang L, Yin M, Pan C, Zhang P, Qin H. T-cell leukemia/lymphoma-1A predicts the clinical outcome for patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:924-930. [PMID: 28178623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell leukemia/lymphoma-1A (TCL1A) as a stem cell marker is abundantly expressed in embryonic stem cells and has been identified as an oncogene in various hematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell lymphoma. However, with regard to its role in solid tumors, few studies are available and less are for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aim to investigate the expression and clinical significance of TCL1A in a cohort of 278 stage II/III CRC patients. As a result, we find TCL1A expression is higher in CRC tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues, and significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, TNM stage and Ki-67 positive rate. The prognostic analysis suggests that TCL1A expression is an independent factor affecting CRC-specific and disease-free survival of these patients. Furthermore, we find stage II/III patients with high TCL1A expression have a significantly higher rate of postoperative local recurrence and metastasis than those with low TCL1A expression. Finally, through subgroup analysis, we find TCL1A expression can stratify the outcome of stage II/III patients who received standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Taken together, our findings suggest TCL1A is not only a useful biomarker for prognostic evaluation in stage II/III CRC patients, but also a promising therapeutic target for improving their clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University No. 301, Yan-chang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University No. 301, Yan-chang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 600, Yi-shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Linsheng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University No. 301, Yan-chang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Mingming Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University No. 301, Yan-chang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University No. 301, Yan-chang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University No. 301, Yan-chang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University No. 301, Yan-chang Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
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86
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Ferreira-Teixeira M, Parada B, Rodrigues-Santos P, Alves V, Ramalho JS, Caramelo F, Sousa V, Reis F, Gomes CM. Functional and molecular characterization of cancer stem-like cells in bladder cancer: a potential signature for muscle-invasive tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36185-201. [PMID: 26452033 PMCID: PMC4742170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Striking evidence associates cancer stem cells (CSCs) to the high recurrence rates and poor survival of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC). However, the prognostic implication of those cells in risk stratification is not firmly established, mainly due to the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of CSCs populations, as well as, to the conflicting data regarding their identification based on a single specific marker. This emphasizes the need to exploit putative CSC-related molecular markers with potential prognostic significance in BC patients. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bladder CSCs making use of different functional and molecular approaches. The data obtained provide strong evidence that muscle-invasive BC is enriched with a heterogeneous stem-like population characterized by enhanced chemoresistance and tumor initiating properties, able to recapitulate the heterogeneity of the original tumor. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis identified a 2-gene stem-like signature (SOX2 and ALDH2) that allows a 93% accurate discrimination between non-muscle-invasive and invasive tumors. Our findings suggest that a stemness-related gene signature, combined with a cluster of markers to more narrowly refine the CSC phenotype, could better identify BC patients that would benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic intervention targeting CSCs population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ferreira-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Belmiro Parada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Urology and Renal Transplantation Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Immunology and Oncology Laboratory, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vera Alves
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José S Ramalho
- CEDOC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vitor Sousa
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Service of Anatomical Pathology, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia M Gomes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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87
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Xu S, Duan P, Li J, Senkowski T, Guo F, Chen H, Romero A, Cui Y, Liu J, Jiang SW. Zinc Finger and X-Linked Factor (ZFX) Binds to Human SET Transcript 2 Promoter and Transactivates SET Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101737. [PMID: 27775603 PMCID: PMC5085766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SET (SE Translocation) protein carries out multiple functions including those for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition, histone modification, DNA repair, and gene regulation. SET overexpression has been detected in brain neurons of patients suffering Alzheimer's disease, follicle theca cells of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, and ovarian cancer cells, indicating that SET may play a pathological role for these disorders. SET transcript 2, produced by a specific promoter, represents a major transcript variant in different cell types. In this study, we characterized the transcriptional activation of human SET transcript 2 promoter in HeLa cells. Promoter deletion experiments and co-transfection assays indicated that ZFX, the Zinc finger and X-linked transcription factor, was able to transactivate the SET promoter. A proximal promoter region containing four ZFX-binding sites was found to be critical for the ZFX-mediated transactivation. Mutagenesis study indicated that the ZFX-binding site located the closest to the transcription start site accounted for most of the ZFX-mediated transactivity. Manipulation of ZFX levels by overexpression or siRNA knockdown confirmed the significance and specificity of the ZFX-mediated SET promoter activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results verified the binding of ZFX to its cognate sites in the SET promoter. These findings have led to identification of ZFX as an upstream factor regulating SET gene expression. More studies are required to define the in vivo significance of this mechanism, and specifically, its implication for several benign and malignant diseases related to SET dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
| | - Tristan Senkowski
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China.
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515000, China.
| | - Alberto Romero
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
| | - Yugui Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jiayin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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88
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El Khoury F, Corcos L, Durand S, Simon B, Le Jossic-Corcos C. Acquisition of anticancer drug resistance is partially associated with cancer stemness in human colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2558-2568. [PMID: 27748801 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide. Several anticancer agents are available to treat CRC, but eventually cancer relapse occurs. One major cause of chemotherapy failure is the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells, suspected to originate from the stem cell compartment. The aim of this study was to ask whether drug resistance was associated with the acquisition of stem cell-like properties. We isolated drug-resistant derivatives of two human CRC cell lines, HT29 and HCT116, using two anticancer drugs with distinct modes of action, oxaliplatin and docetaxel. HT29 cells resistant to oxaliplatin and both HT29 and HCT116 cells resistant to docetaxel were characterized for their expression of genes potentially involved in drug resistance, cell growth and cell division, and by surveying stem cell-like phenotypic traits, including marker genes, the ability to repair cell-wound and to form colonospheres. Among the genes involved in platinum or taxane resistance (MDR1, ABCG2, MRP2 or ATP7B), MDR1 was uniquely overexpressed in all the resistant cells. An increase in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, in cyclin D1 and in CD26, CD166 cancer stem cell markers, was noted in the resistant cells, together with a higher ability to form larger and more abundant colonospheres. However, many phenotypic traits were selectively altered in either HT29- or in HCT116-resistant cells. Expression of EPHB2, ITGβ-1 or Myc was specifically increased in the HT29-resistant cells, whereas only HCT116-resistant cells efficiently repaired cell- wounds. Taken together, our results show that human CRC cells selected for their resistance to anticancer drugs displayed a few stem cell characteristics, a small fraction of which was shared between cell lines. The occurrence of marked phenotypic differences between HT29- and HCT116-drug resistant cells indicates that the acquired resistance depends mostly on the parental cell characteristics, rather than on the drug type used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaria El Khoury
- INSERM-UBO UMR1078-ECLA, IBSAM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Laurent Corcos
- INSERM-UBO UMR1078-ECLA, IBSAM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- INSERM-UBO UMR1078-ECLA, IBSAM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Brigitte Simon
- INSERM-UBO UMR1078-ECLA, IBSAM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, 29200 Brest, France
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89
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Özgül Özdemir RB, Özdemir AT, Oltulu F, Kurt K, Yiğittürk G, Kırmaz C. A comparison of cancer stem cell markers and nonclassical major histocompatibility complex antigens in colorectal tumor and noncancerous tissues. Ann Diagn Pathol 2016; 25:60-63. [PMID: 27806848 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most fatal types of cancer in both women and men, and, unfortunately, patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with poor prognosis, metastasis, and recurrence, as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Therefore, different treatment alternatives are needed to facilitate the elimination of CSCs. One such approach is immunotherapy; however, tumor cells can evade immune cells by alteration of the expression patterns of human leukocyte antigens (HLA). In this study, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression patterns of CSC-specific markers CD44, CD133, Nanog, and Oct3/4, and immunosuppressive molecules HLA-G and -E in advanced CRC tumor tissues and noncancerous colon biopsies. We found significantly increased CD44, Nanog, Oct3/4, HLA-G, and HLA-E expression in the CRC tumor tissues compared with the noncancerous colon biopsies. These findings suggest that some tumor cells may be CSC-like and that the increased expression of HLA-G and HLA-E may be considered as an immune-evasive adaptation. Therefore, the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class Ib antigens HLA-G and HLA-E may be potential targets in the elimination of CRC-CSCs. However, more detailed studies are required to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alper Tunga Özdemir
- Ege University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Stem Cell, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Oltulu
- Ege University, Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kamile Kurt
- Merkezefendi State Hospital, Medical Pathology Laboratory, 45000 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Yiğittürk
- Ege University, Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kırmaz
- Celal Bayar University, Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 45050 Manisa, Turkey
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90
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The Effect of Analogues of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₂ on the Regrowth and Gene Expression of Human Colon Cancer Cells Refractory to 5-Fluorouracil. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060903. [PMID: 27314328 PMCID: PMC4926437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of hypocalcemic analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂ (1,25D2) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25D3) to inhibit regrowth and regulate the stemness-related gene expression in colon cancer cells undergoing renewal after exposure to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). All of the tested analogues of 1,25D2 equally potently decreased the clonogenicity and the proliferative activity of HT-29 cells which survived the exposure to 5-FU, but differently regulated gene expression of these cells during their renewal. 1,25D2 and analogues (PRI-1907 and PRI-1917), as well as 1,25D3 and analogue PRI-2191, decreased the relative expression level of several stemness-related genes, such as NANOG, OCT3/4, PROM1, SOX2, ALDHA1, CXCR4, in HT-29/5-FU cells during their renewal, in comparison to untreated HT-29/5-FU cells. The other 1,25D2 analogues (PRI-1906 and PRI-1916) were not capable of downregulating the expression of these stemness-related genes as the analogues PRI-1907 and PRI-1917 did. All of the tested vitamin D analogues upregulated CDH1, the gene encoding E-cadherin associated with epithelial phenotype. Out of the series of analogues studied, side-chain branched analogues of 1,25D2 (PRI-1907, PRI-1917) and the analogue of 1,25D3 (PRI-2191) might be used to target cancer cells with stem-like phenotypes that survive conventional chemotherapy.
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91
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Sun X, Jia Y, Wei Y, Liu S, Yue B. Gene expression profiling of NB4 cells following knockdown of nucleostemin using DNA microarrays. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:175-83. [PMID: 27374947 PMCID: PMC4918620 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleostemin (NS) is mainly expressed in stem and tumor cells, and is necessary for the maintenance of their self-renewal and proliferation. Originally, NS was thought to exert its effects through inhibiting p53, while recent studies have revealed that NS is also able to function independently of p53. The present study performed a gene expression profiling analysis of p53‑mutant NB4 leukeima cells following knockdown of NS in order to elucidate the p53‑independent NS pathway. NS expression was silenced using lentivirus‑mediated RNA interference technology, and gene expression profiling of NB4 cells was performed by DNA microarray analysis. A total of 1,953 genes were identified to be differentially expressed (fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5) following knockdown of NS expression. Furthermore, reverse‑transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect the expression of certain candidate genes, and the results were in agreement with the micaroarray data. Pathway analysis indicated that aberrant genes were enhanced in endoplasmic, c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase and mineral absorption pathways. The present study shed light on the mechanisms of the p54‑independent NS pathway in NB4 cells and provided a foundation for the discovery of promising targets for the treatment of p53-mutant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jia
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyu Wei
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Yue
- Department of Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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92
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Chiou HYC, Lai WK, Huang LC, Huang SM, Chueh SH, Ma HI, Hueng DY. Valproic acid promotes radiosensitization in meningioma stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9959-69. [PMID: 25895030 PMCID: PMC4496410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although meningioma stem-like cells have been isolated and characterized, their therapeutic targeting remains a challenge. Meningioma sphere cells (MgSCs) with cancer stem cells properties show chemo- and radioresistance in comparison with meningioma adherent cells (MgACs). We tested the effect of valproic acid (VPA), a commonly used anti-epileptic drug, which passes the blood brain barrier, on cultured MgSCs. VPA reduced the viability of MgSCs and MgACs. In MgSCs, treatment with VPA increased radio-sensitivity, expression of p-cdc2, p-H2AX and cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. Anchorage-independent growth (AIG) was reduced by VPA. AIG was further reduced by combined treatment with irradiation. Expression of a stem cell marker, Oct4, was reduced by VPA. Oct4 was further decreased by combined treatment with irradiation. These results suggest that VPA may be a potential treatment for meningioma through targeting meningioma stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Clair Chiou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Kuo Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheau-Huei Chueh
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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The Wnt/β-catenin signaling/Id2 cascade mediates the effects of hypoxia on the hierarchy of colorectal-cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22966. [PMID: 26965643 PMCID: PMC4786801 DOI: 10.1038/srep22966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a feature common to most solid tumors, is known to regulate many aspects of tumorigenesis. Recently, it was suggested that hypoxia increased the size of the cancer stem-cell (CSC) subpopulations and promoted the acquisition of a CSC-like phenotype. However, candidate hypoxia-regulated mediators specifically relevant to the stemness-related functions of colorectal CSCs have not been examined in detail. In the present study, we showed that hypoxia specifically promoted the self-renewal potential of CSCs. Through various in vitro studies, we found that hypoxia-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling increased the occurrence of CSC-like phenotypes and the level of Id2 expression in colorectal-cancer cells. Importantly, the levels of hypoxia-induced CSC-sphere formation and Id2 expression were successfully attenuated by treatment with a Wnt/β-catenin-signaling inhibitor. We further demonstrated, for the first time, that the degree of hypoxia-induced CSC-sphere formation (CD44(+) subpopulation) in vitro and of tumor metastasis/dissemination in vivo were markedly suppressed by knocking down Id2 expression. Taken together, these data suggested that Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediated the hypoxia-induced self-renewal potential of colorectal-cancer CSCs through reactivating Id2 expression.
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94
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Zhang LY, Yuan YQ, Zhou DM, Wang ZY, Ju SG, Sun Y, Li J, Fu JX. Impact of Global and Gene-Specific DNA Methylation in de Novo or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Decitabine. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:431-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.1.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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95
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Shabestarian H, Ghodsi M, Mallak AJ, Jafarian AH, Montazer M, Forghanifard MM. DPPA2 Protein Expression is Associated with Gastric Cancer Metastasis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8461-5. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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96
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Fanale D, Barraco N, Listì A, Bazan V, Russo A. Non-coding RNAs Functioning in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 937:93-108. [PMID: 27573896 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the hypothesis of the presence of tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) has received a considerable support. This model suggested the existence of CSCs which, thanks to their self-renewal properties, are able to drive the expansion and the maintenance of malignant cell populations with invasive and metastatic potential in cancer. Increasing evidence showed the ability of such cells to acquire self-renewal, multipotency, angiogenic potential, immune evasion, symmetrical and asymmetrical divisions which, along with the presence of several DNA repair mechanisms, further enhance their oncogenic potential making them highly resistant to common anticancer treatments. The main signaling pathways involved in the homeostasis of colorectal (CRC) stem cells are the Wnt, Notch, Sonic Hedgehog, and Bone Morfogenic Protein (BMP) pathways, which are mostly responsible for all the features that have been widely referred to stem cells. The same pathways have been identified in colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs), conferring a more aggressive phenotype compared to non-stem CRC cells. Recently, several evidences suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may play a crucial role in the regulation of different biological mechanisms in CRC, by modulating the expression of critical stem cell transcription factors that have been found active in CSCs. In this chapter, we will discuss the involvement of ncRNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in stemness acquisition and maintenance by CRCSCs, through the regulation of pathways modulating the CSC phenotype and growth, carcinogenesis, differentiation, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Listì
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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97
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Zheng P, Shao Q, Diao X, Li Z, Han Q. Expression of stem cell pluripotency factors during regeneration in the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Gene 2016; 575:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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98
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Potentially Functional Polymorphisms in POU5F1 Gene Are Associated with the Risk of Lung Cancer in Han Chinese. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:851320. [PMID: 26824036 PMCID: PMC4707383 DOI: 10.1155/2015/851320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
POU5F1 is a key regulator of self-renewal and differentiation in embryonic stem cells and may be associated with initiation, promotion, and progression in cancer. We hypothesized that functional polymorphisms in POU5F1 may play an important role in modifying the lung cancer risk. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study to explore the association between 17 potentially functional SNPs in POU5F1 gene and the lung cancer risk in 1,341 incident lung cancer cases and 1,982 healthy controls in a Chinese population. We found that variant alleles of rs887468 and rs3130457 were significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer after multiple comparison (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.51, P fdr = 0.017 for rs887468; OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10-1.51, P fdr = 0.034 for rs3130457, resp.). In addition, we detected a significant interaction between rs887468 genotypes and smoking status on lung cancer risk (P = 0.017). Combined analysis of these 2 SNPs showed a significant allele-dosage association between the number of risk alleles and increased risk of lung cancer (P trend < 0.001). These findings indicate that potentially functional polymorphisms in POU5F1 gene may contribute to lung cancer susceptibility in a Chinese population.
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99
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Talebi A, Kianersi K, Beiraghdar M. Comparison of gene expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in normal tissue, polyps, and colon adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemical staining. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:234. [PMID: 26645019 PMCID: PMC4647122 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.167958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells have been isolated and characterized in all common cancers. SOX2 and OCT4 are important genes to enhance the self-renewal ability as activate stem cells and inhibit the genes that start differentiation and thus maintain the self-renewal ability of stem cells. Also, the aim of this study is "Comparison of gene expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in normal tissue, polyps, and colon adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemical staining." MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted on 20 patients so that for each patient, a sample of healthy tissue, dysplastic polyp tissue, and colon adenocarcinoma were provided as microscopic sections and staining on each tissue was performed through immunohistochemistry method by markers OCT4 and SOX2. The collected data were interred into SPSS version 18.0, (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software and the level of significance were considered as <0.05. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 20 patients including 11 men (55%) and 9 women (45%) with a mean age of 55.6 ± 9.88 years. There was no association between Oct4 and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (P > 0.05), but there was a significant correlation between Sox2 expression and CRC (P < 0.05). Patients in many aspects such as race, type of polyp, presence of lymph node, grade and intensity of Sox2 in different types of patients' tissues (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Regarding our findings, the expression of Sox2 would be a liable marker for evaluating of cancer progression and could be a treatment target of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Talebi
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kianoosh Kianersi
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Beiraghdar
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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100
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Wang YJ, Herlyn M. The emerging roles of Oct4 in tumor-initiating cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C709-18. [PMID: 26447206 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00212.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), a homeodomain transcription factor, is well established as a master factor controlling the self-renewal and pluripotency of pluripotent stem cells. Also, a large body of research has documented the detection of Oct4 in tumor cells and tissues and has indicated its enrichment in a subpopulation of undifferentiated tumor-initiating cells (TICs) that critically account for tumor initiation, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer therapies. There is circumstantial evidence for low-level expression of Oct4 in cancer cells and TICs, and the participation of Oct4 in various TIC functions such as its self-renewal and survival, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, and drug resistance development is implicated from considerable Oct4 knockdown and overexpression-based studies. In a few studies, efforts have been made to identify Oct4 target genes in TICs of different sources. Based on such information, Oct4 in TICs appears to act via mechanisms quite distinct from those in pluripotent stem cells, and a main challenge for future studies is to unravel the molecular mechanisms of action of Oct4, particularly to address the question on how such low levels of Oct4 may exert its functions in TICs. Acquiring cells from their native microenvironment that are of high enough quantity and purity is the key to reliably analyze Oct4 functions and its target genes in TICs, and the information gained may greatly facilitate targeting and eradicating those cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; and Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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