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Mohammad NMAB, Shahril MR, Shahar S, Fenech M, Sharif R. Association between Diet-related Behaviour and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Scoping Review. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:208-220. [PMID: 36713941 PMCID: PMC9836915 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.4.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual dietary patterns may be influenced by diet-related behaviours, which may eventually play a significant role in contributing to colorectal cancer risk. As nearly half of colorectal cancer cases can be prevented through diet and lifestyle modification, in this study, we aimed to present an overview of the literature on diet-related behaviour and its effect on colorectal cancer risk among adults. Articles published from 2011 until July 2021 were selected. Out of the 1,198 articles retrieved, 25 were analyzed. There were 16 case-control studies, and nine of them were cohort studies. As a finding, the instruments used in this review were food frequency questionnaires (n = 23), followed by a semi-structured interview (n = 1), and diet records (n = 1). We demonstrated that unhealthy diet-related behaviours are linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer in adults and those food frequency questionnaires or food records are common instruments used to collect diet-related behaviours. This article imparts the research trends and directions of colorectal cancer risk factors and shows that diet-related behaviour varies and changes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Razif Shahril
- Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Razinah Sharif
- Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Correspondence to Razinah Sharif, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-7353
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Mei WJ, Mi M, Qian J, Xiao N, Yuan Y, Ding PR. Clinicopathological characteristics of high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer: A narrative review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1019582. [PMID: 36618386 PMCID: PMC9822542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1019582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) show molecular and clinicopathological characteristics that differ from those of proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable CRCs. Despite the importance of MSI-H/dMMR status in clinical decision making, the testing rates for MSI and MMR in clinical practice remain low, even in high-risk populations. Additionally, the real-world prevalence of MSI-H/dMMR CRC may be lower than that reported in the literature. Insufficient MSI and MMR testing fails to identify patients with MSI-H/dMMR CRC, who could benefit from immunotherapy. In this article, we describe the current knowledge of the clinicopathological features, molecular landscape, and radiomic characteristics of MSI-H/dMMR CRCs. A better understanding of the importance of MMR/MSI status in the clinical characteristics and prognosis of CRC may help increase the rates of MMR/MSI testing and guide the development of more effective therapies based on the unique features of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Mei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Hangzhou, China,Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ying Yuan, ; Pei-Rong Ding,
| | - Pei-Rong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ying Yuan, ; Pei-Rong Ding,
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Chung J, Akter S, Han S, Shin Y, Choi TG, Kang I, Kim SS. Diagnosis by Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Exhaled Breath from Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010129. [PMID: 36613569 PMCID: PMC9820758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three cancer deaths worldwide are caused by gastric and colorectal cancer malignancies. Although the incidence and fatality rates differ significantly from country to country, the rates of these cancers in East Asian nations such as South Korea and Japan have been increasing each year. Above all, the biggest danger of this disease is how challenging it is to recognize in its early stages. Moreover, most patients with these cancers do not present with any disease symptoms before receiving a definitive diagnosis. Currently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being used for the early prediction of several other diseases, and research has been carried out on these applications. Exhaled VOCs from patients possess remarkable potential as novel biomarkers, and their analysis could be transformative in the prevention and early diagnosis of colon and stomach cancers. VOCs have been spotlighted in recent studies due to their ease of use. Diagnosis on the basis of patient VOC analysis takes less time than methods using gas chromatography, and results in the literature demonstrate that it is possible to determine whether a patient has certain diseases by using organic compounds in their breath as indicators. This study describes how VOCs can be used to precisely detect cancers; as more data are accumulated, the accuracy of this method will increase, and it can be applied in more fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Chung
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
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Ping J, Yang Y, Wen W, Kweon SS, Matsuda K, Jia WH, Shin A, Gao YT, Matsuo K, Kim J, Kim DH, Jee SH, Cai Q, Chen Z, Tao R, Shin MH, Tanikawa C, Pan ZZ, Oh JH, Oze I, Ahn YO, Jung KJ, Ren Z, Shu XO, Long J, Zheng W. Developing and validating polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer risk prediction in East Asians. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1726-1736. [PMID: 35765848 PMCID: PMC9509464 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Several polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been developed to predict the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in European descendants. We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 22 702 cases and 212 486 controls of Asian ancestry to develop PRSs and validated them in two case-control studies (1454 Korean and 1736 Chinese). Eleven PRSs were derived using three approaches: GWAS-identified CRC risk SNPs, CRC risk variants identified through fine-mapping of known risk loci and genome-wide risk prediction algorithms. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and area under the curve (AUC). PRS115-EAS , a PRS with 115 GWAS-reported risk variants derived from East-Asian data, validated significantly better than PRS115-EUR derived from European descendants. In the Korea validation set, OR per SD increase of PRS115-EAS was 1.63 (95% CI = 1.46-1.82; AUC = 0.63), compared with OR of 1.44 (95% CI = 1.29-1.60, AUC = 0.60) for PRS115-EUR . PRS115-EAS/EUR derived using meta-analysis results of both populations slightly improved the AUC to 0.64. Similar but weaker associations were found in the China validation set. Individuals among the highest 5% of PRS115-EAS/EUR have a 2.52-fold elevated CRC risk compared with the medium (41-60th) risk group and have a 12% to 20% risk of developing CRC by age 85. PRSs constructed using results from fine-mapping and genome-wide algorithms did not perform as well as PRS115-EAS and PRS115-EAS/EUR in risk prediction, possibly due to a small sample size. Our results indicate that CRC PRSs are promising in predicting CRC risk in East Asians and highlights the importance of using population-specific data to build CRC risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ping
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yaohua Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes and Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Okcheon-dong, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, 37212 Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zefang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Johnson T. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2022; 14:e31393. [PMID: 36514651 PMCID: PMC9742501 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer is one of the malignancies in which angiogenesis has been implicated and its importance at different stages of malignant disease. Neovascularization begins when the angiogenic switch is turned on and when angiogenesis activators outweigh angiogenic inhibitors. The process of blood vessel formation is regulated through several growth factor systems. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system is one of the important ones and may consequently be a key system in relation to different aspects of colorectal carcinoma treatment. Because of the well-defined steps in its progression (adenoma - Tis - T1 invasive cancer- T2 advanced cancer with metastases), colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a model for investigating the effects of angiogenesis throughout tumor development. The aim of this study is to determine the role of VEGF expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal epithelium, dysplasia, carcinoma of colorectal specimens and to correlate the same with tumor grade, stage, nodal status, and metastasis. METHODS This is a retrospective study on paraffin blocks of 50 colon cancer specimens, 40 adenoma specimens, and 10 normal colonic mucosa specimens. Immunohistochemical stain for VEGF was done on the sections along with controls. Monoclonal antibody detected against VEGF antigen was observed in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells and the intensity of VEGF expression in individual tumor cells was scored on a scale of 0 (no staining) to 3 (strong intensity), and the percentage of cells with VEGF staining at each intensity was estimated from 0 to 100. Pearson's Chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney test were used to determine significant clinicopathological differences between VEGF expression in positive and negative tumors. RESULTS In normal epithelium, VEGF immunoreactivity was seen in all 10 cases with high intensity. Among adenomas, VEGF expression was seen in 26 (65%) of the 40 cases. Out of which in tubular adenomas VEGF expression was seen in 13 cases (60%) and negative in eight cases (40%). In tubulo villous adenoma, VEGF expression was seen in nine cases (60%) and negative in six cases (40%). Villous adenomas showed VEGF expression in all four cases (100%). In adenocarcinoma, VEGF expression was seen to be expressed in 42 cases (84%) and negative in eight cases (16%) and expression was higher in low-grade carcinomas (70%) compared to high-grade carcinomas. A significant difference in the expression of VEGF among adenomas and carcinomas was observed with higher intensity present in adenoma when compared to carcinoma. CONCLUSION Expression of VEGF could be considered as an early carcinogenic factor in colorectal carcinomas as it is expressed in higher intensity in the precancerous lesion and low-grade and stage 1 adenocarcinoma. Hence, we infer that early colorectal carcinomas are an important model for targeted therapy with antiangiogenic factors for VEGF.
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Li Q, Wu H, Cao M, Li H, He S, Yang F, Yan X, Zhang S, Teng Y, Xia C, Peng J, Chen W. Colorectal cancer burden, trends and risk factors in China: A review and comparison with the United States. Chin J Cancer Res 2022; 34:483-495. [PMID: 36398126 PMCID: PMC9646460 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2022.05.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE China and the United States (the U.S.) have the heaviest colorectal cancer (CRC) burden with considerable variations in temporal trends. This study aims to analyze the temporal patterns of CRC burden and its risk factors in China and the U.S. across the past three decades. METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study in 2019, including cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), age-standardized rate (ASR), and summary exposure value (SEV) of CRC in China and the U.S. between 1990 and 2019. Annual average percentage changes (AAPCs) of CRC burden were calculated using the Joinpoint regression model. The mortality in CRC attributable to potential risk factors was characterized by countries, gender, and age groups. RESULTS In 2019, there were 607,900 and 227,241 CRC cases, and 261,777 and 84,026 CRC deaths in China and the U.S., respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 30.55 per 100,000 in China and 41.86 per 100,000 in the U.S., and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 13.86 per 100,000 in China and 14.77 per 100,000 in the U.S. CRC incidence, mortality, and DALY rate in the U.S. showed downward trends in the past three decades (AAPC=-0.47, -1.06, and -0.88, respectively), while upward trends were observed in China (AAPC=3.11, 1.05, and 0.91, respectively). Among the cause of CRC, the leading risk factor contributing to CRC death was low milk in China and smoking in the U.S., respectively. CONCLUSIONS From 1990 to 2019, the burden of CRC in China increased dramatically, particularly for males and middle-aged and elderly people. The management of the major risk factors associated with the high burden of CRC should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hongliang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Maomao Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - He Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Siyi He
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yi Teng
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Changfa Xia
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ji Peng
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing 100021, China
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Ding P, Gao Y, Wang J, Xiang H, Zhang C, Wang L, Ji G, Wu T. Progress and challenges of multidrug resistance proteins in diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4483-4501. [PMID: 36381332 PMCID: PMC9641395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the first choice for patients with advanced cancers when other treatments are ineffective. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an unavoidable factor that negatively affects the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy drugs. Researchers are trying to reduce MDR, improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs, and alleviate patient suffering to positively contribute to disease treatment. MDR also occurs in inflammation and genetic disorders, which increases the difficulty of clinically beneficial treatments. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) is an active transporter that plays an important role in the barrier and secretory functions of many normal cells. As the C subfamily in the ABC family, multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs/ABCCs) export a variety of antitumour drugs and are expressed in a variety of cancers. The present review summarises the role of MRPs in cancer and other diseases and recent research progress of MRP inhibitors to better examine the mechanism and function of MRPs, and establish a good relationship with clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilun Ding
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203, China
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Yu YC, Paragomi P, Jin A, Wang R, Schoen RE, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Luu HN. Dietary Nonstarch Polysaccharide Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Findings from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1304-1311. [PMID: 36425215 PMCID: PMC9683694 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber or non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) may provide protection from CRC development. Epidemiologic studies on the association between dietary fiber and CRC is inconsistent are limited on NSP as a modifiable risk factor. Using the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort of 61,321 cancer-free middle-aged or older Chinese Singaporeans, we examined the association between dietary fiber and NSP intakes and CRC risk. Fiber and NSP intakes at baseline were obtained using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire coupled with the Singapore Food Composition Database. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC associated with dietary fiber and NSP intakes after adjusting for potential confounders. After an average of 17.5 years of follow-up, 2,140 participants developed CRC. NSP was inversely associated with the risk of CRC in a dose-dependent manner whereas dietary fiber was not associated with risk of CRC overall or histologic subtypes. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CRC for quartiles 2, 3 and 4 of dietary NSP intake were 0.99 (0.88-1.11), 0.98 (0.87-1.11) and 0.84 (0.73-0.95), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile (P trend =0.006). This inverse association was more apparent for colon cancer (HRQ4 vs. Q1=0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.93, P trend =0.003) than rectal cancer (HR Q4 vs. Q1=0.92, 95% CI: 0.74-1.13, P trend =0.53). Our findings suggested that dietary NSP but not fiber is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer in Chinese Singaporeans. Significance Non-starch polysaccharides may be beneficial for colorectal cancer primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuan Yu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pedram Paragomi
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aizhen Jin
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hung N. Luu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding Author: Hung N. Luu, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, Suite 4C, Room 466, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232. E-mail:
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Huang YJ, Huang MY, Cheng TL, Kuo SH, Ke CC, Chen YT, Hsieh YC, Wang JY, Cheng CM, Chuang CH. ERCC1 Overexpression Increases Radioresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194798. [PMID: 36230725 PMCID: PMC9563575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The 20–30% of locally advanced rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy had no expected efficacy, and ERCC1 overexpression was found in these tumor tissue patients. In the interest of confirming and adding details to our understanding of that correlation, The Tet-on gene expression system was used to examine ERCC1 functionality and stability. Our data from regulatable HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on cell lines verified the increased radioresistance in colorectal cancer cells that are associated with ERCC1 overexpression, and they confirmed a high correlation between ERCC1 levels and radiotherapeutic efficiency. Furthermore, overexpression of ERCC1 also increases cell migration under radiation exposure. Additional data from ERCC1 expression regulation in vivo confirmed that the overexpression of increased cancer radiation resistance suggests that ERCC1 expression plays a key role. Abstract Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer patients, but 20–30% do not benefit from the desired therapeutic effects. Previous reports indicate that high levels of ERCC1 reduce the effectiveness of cisplatin-based CCRT; however, it remains unclear as to whether ERCC1 overexpression increases radiation resistance. To clarify the correlation between ERCC1 levels and radiation (RT) resistance, we established two cell lines (HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on), induced them to overexpress ERCC1, detected cell survival following exposure to radiation, established HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on heterotopic cancer animal models, and detected tumor volume following exposure to radiation. We found that ERCC1 overexpression increased radiation resistance. After regulating ERCC1 levels and radiation exposure to verify the correlation, we noted that increased radiation resistance was dependent on ERCC1 upregulation in both cell lines. For further verification, we exposed HCT116-Tet-on and COLO205-Tet-on heterotopic cancer animal models to radiation and observed that ERCC1 overexpression increased colorectal cancer tumor radioresistance in both. Combined, our results suggest that ERCC1 overexpression may serve as a suitable CCRT prognostic marker for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsun Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Min Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Techology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2353)
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Association between A Family History of Colorectal Cancer and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101566. [PMID: 36294706 PMCID: PMC9605451 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale Asian studies on this topic are lacking. We evaluated the CRC risk associated with family history in the Korean population. We analyzed the data of participants aged ≥40 years who underwent national cancer screening between 2013 and 2014. During a mean follow-up of 4.7 ± 0.8 years, 0.43% of the 292,467 participants with family history and 0.28% of the 1,169,868 participants without family history developed CRC. Participants with a family history in any FDR, parents only, and siblings only had a higher risk of CRC than those without family history; adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.53, 1.46, and 1.61, respectively. Participants with a family history comprising both parents and siblings had an even higher risk of CRC than those without a family history (HR, 2.34). The HRs for CRC in the 40−49, 50−59, 60−69, 70−79, and ≥80 age groups with family history were 1.72, 1.74, 1.50, 1.30, and 0.78, respectively (p < 0.001). A family history of CRC in any FDR and both parents and siblings was associated with an approximately 1.5- and 2.3-fold increased risk of CRC. The effect of family history was relatively greater in the younger than the older age group.
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61
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Choukaife H, Seyam S, Alallam B, Doolaanea AA, Alfatama M. Current Advances in Chitosan Nanoparticles Based Oral Drug Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3933-3966. [PMID: 36105620 PMCID: PMC9465052 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s375229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As per the WHO, colorectal cancer (CRC) caused around 935,173 deaths worldwide in 2020 in both sexes and at all ages. The available anticancer therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and anticancer drugs are all associated with limited therapeutic efficacy, adverse effects and low chances. This has urged to emerge several novel therapeutic agents as potential therapies for CRC including synthetic and natural materials. Orally administrable and targeted drug delivery systems are attractive strategies for CRC therapy as they minimize the side effects, enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, oral drug delivery till today faces several challenges like poor drug solubility, stability, and permeability. Various oral nano-based approaches and targeted drug delivery systems have been developed recently, as a result of the ability of nanoparticles to control the release of the encapsulant, drug targeting and reduce the number of dosages administered. The unique physicochemical properties of chitosan polymer assist to overcome oral drug delivery barriers and target the colon tumour cells. Chitosan-based nanocarriers offered additional improvements by enhancing the stability, targeting and bioavailability of several anti-colorectal cancer agents. Modified chitosan derivatives also facilitated CRC targeting through strengthening the protection of encapsulant against acidic and enzyme degradation of gastrointestinal track (GIT). This review aims to provide an overview of CRC pathology, therapy and the barriers against oral drug delivery. It also emphasizes the role of nanotechnology in oral drug targeted delivery system and the growing interest towards chitosan and its derivatives. The present review summarizes the relevant works to date that have studied the potential applications of chitosan-based nanocarrier towards CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Choukaife
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Terengganu, 22200, Malaysia
| | - Salma Seyam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Terengganu, 22200, Malaysia
| | - Batoul Alallam
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Terengganu, 22200, Malaysia
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Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Busubaih JS, Al Dossary N, Alsuliman M, Baltyour SA, Alissa I, Al Hassar HI, Al Aithan NA, Albassri HA, AlOmran SA, ALGhazal RM, Busbaih A, Alsalem NA, Alagnam W, Alyousef MY, Alseffay AU, Al Aish HA, Aldiaram A, Al Eissa HA, Alhumaid MA, Bukhamseen AN, Al Mutared KM, Aljwisim AH, Twibah AM, AlSaeed MM, Alkhalaf HA, ALShakhs FM, Koritala T, Al-Tawfiq JA, Dhama K, Rabaan AA, Al-Omari A. Colorectal cancer in patients with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:49. [PMID: 36096812 PMCID: PMC9466313 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are more likely to develop severe course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and experience increased risk of mortality compared to SARS-CoV-2 patients without CRC. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CRC patients and analyse the demographic parameters, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in CRC patients with COVID-19 illness. Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Proquest, Medline, Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature for studies on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CRC patients, published from December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021, with English language restriction. Effect sizes of prevalence were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sub-group analyses were performed to minimize heterogeneity. Binary logistic regression model was used to explore the effect of various demographic and clinical characteristics on patient’s final treatment outcome (survival or death). Results Of the 472 papers that were identified, 69 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (41 cohort, 16 case-report, 9 case-series, 2 cross-sectional, and 1 case-control studies). Studies involving 3362 CRC patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (all patients were adults) were analyzed. The overall pooled proportions of CRC patients who had laboratory-confirmed community-acquired and hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections were 8.1% (95% CI 6.1 to 10.1, n = 1308, 24 studies, I2 98%, p = 0.66), and 1.5% (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9, n = 472, 27 studies, I2 94%, p < 0.01). The median patient age ranged from 51.6 years to 80 years across studies. The majority of the patients were male (n = 2243, 66.7%) and belonged to White (Caucasian) (n = 262, 7.8%), Hispanic (n = 156, 4.6%) and Asian (n = 153, 4.4%) ethnicity. The main source of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CRC patients was community-acquired (n = 2882, 85.7%; p = 0.014). Most of those SARS-CoV-2 patients had stage III CRC (n = 725, 21.6%; p = 0.036) and were treated mainly with surgical resections (n = 304, 9%) and chemotherapies (n = 187, 5.6%), p = 0.008. The odd ratios of death were significantly high in patients with old age (≥ 60 years) (OR 1.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.96; p < 0.001), male gender (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.41–0.47; p < 0.001) CRC stage III (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.02–1.05; p = 0.041), CRC stage IV (OR 1.69, 95% CI 0.17–1.2; p = 0.009), recent active treatment with chemotherapies (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.5–0.66; p = 0.023) or surgical resections (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8–0.73; p = 0.016) and admission to ICU (OR 1.88, 95% CI 0.85–1.12; p < 0.001) compared to those who survived. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection in CRC patient is not uncommon and results in a mortality rate of 26.2%. Key determinants that lead to increased mortality in CRC patients infected with COVID-19 include older age (≥ 60 years old); male gender; Asian and Hispanic ethnicity; if SARS-CoV-2 was acquired from hospital source; advanced CRC (stage III and IV); if patient received chemotherapies or surgical treatment; and if patient was admitted to ICU, ventilated or experienced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Rashdiah Street, P. O. Box 12944, Alahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jawad S Busubaih
- Gastroenterology Department, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Al Dossary
- General Surgery Department, Alomran General Hospital, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murtadha Alsuliman
- Department of Pharmacy, Hereditary Blood Diseases Centre, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Baltyour
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Alomran General Hospital, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alissa
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Noor A Al Aithan
- Intensive Care Unit, Omran General Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A Albassri
- Pharmacy Department, Prince Saud Bin Jalawi Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A AlOmran
- Pharmacy Department, King Faisal General Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed M ALGhazal
- Department of Gastroenterology, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Busbaih
- Critical Care Medicine/Gastroenterology Department, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Alsalem
- Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Alagnam
- Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Alyousef
- Administration of Academic Affairs and Research, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ali Aldiaram
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham A Al Eissa
- Medical Services Department, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali N Bukhamseen
- Pharmacy Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Koblan M Al Mutared
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Ministry of Health, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Aljwisim
- Administration of Compliance, Al-Ahsa Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Al‑Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Twibah
- Administration of Compliance, Al-Ahsa Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Al‑Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meteab M AlSaeed
- Regional Medical Supply, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussien A Alkhalaf
- Pharmacy Department, Al Jaber Hospital for Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah M ALShakhs
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Prince Saud Bin Jalawi Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoyaja Koritala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN, USA
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610, Pakistan
| | - Awad Al-Omari
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Rahadiani N, Habiburrahman M, Abdullah M, Jeo WS, Stephanie M, Handjari DR, Krisnuhoni E. Analysing 11 years of incidence trends, clinicopathological characteristics, and forecasts of colorectal cancer in young and old patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study in an Indonesian national referral hospital. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060839. [PMID: 36691171 PMCID: PMC9454011 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain annual incidence trends, understand clinicopathological characteristics, and forecast the future burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Indonesia. DESIGN 11-year retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING A national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. PARTICIPANTS Data from 1584 eligible cases were recorded for trends and forecasting analyses; 433 samples were analysed to determine clinicopathological differences between young (<50 years) and old (≥50 years) patients. METHODS Trend analyses were done using Joinpoint software, expressed in annual percentage change (APC), and a regression analysis was executed to generate a forecasting model. Patients' characteristics were compared using χ2 or non-parametric tests. MAIN OUTCOMES Analysis of trends, forecasting model, and clinicopathological features between the age groups. RESULTS A significant increase in APC was observed among old patients (+2.38%) for CRC cases. Colon cancer increased remarkably (+9.24%) among young patients; rectal cancer trends were either stable or declining. The trend for right-sided CRC increased in the general population (+6.52%) and old patients (+6.57%), while the trend for left-sided CRC was stable. These cases are expected to be a significant health burden within the next 10 years. Patients had a mean age of 53.17±13.94, 38.1% were young, and the sex ratio was 1.21. Prominent characteristics were left-sided CRC, tumour size ≥5 cm, exophytic growth, adenocarcinoma, histologically low grade, pT3, pN0, inadequately dissected lymph nodes (LNs), LN ratio <0.05, no distant metastasis, early-stage cancer, no lymphovascular invasion, and no perineural invasion (PNI). Distinct features between young and old patients were found in the histological subtype, number of dissected LN, and PNI of the tumour. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological trends and forecasting analyses of CRC cases in Indonesian patients showed an enormous increase in colon cancer in young patients, a particularly concerning trend. Additionally, young patients exhibited particular clinicopathological characteristics that contributed to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Rahadiani
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Murdani Abdullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatobilliary, and Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Human Cancer Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wifanto Saditya Jeo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marini Stephanie
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Rini Handjari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ening Krisnuhoni
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
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Song JH, Hong Y, Kim ER, Kim SH, Sohn I. Utility of artificial intelligence with deep learning of hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide images to predict lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer using endoscopically resected specimens; prediction of lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:654-666. [PMID: 35802259 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When endoscopically resected specimens of early colorectal cancer (CRC) show high-risk features, surgery should be performed based on current guidelines because of the high-risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). The aim of this study was to determine the utility of an artificial intelligence (AI) with deep learning (DL) of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained endoscopic resection specimens without manual-pixel-level annotation for predicting LNM in T1 CRC. In addition, we assessed AI performance for patients with only submucosal (SM) invasion depth of 1000 to 2000 μm known to be difficult to predict LNM in clinical practice. METHODS H&E-stained whole slide images (WSIs) were scanned for endoscopic resection specimens of 400 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for newly diagnosed T1 CRC with additional surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the accuracy of AI for predicting LNM with a fivefold cross-validation in the training set and in a held-out test set. RESULTS We developed an AI model using a two-step attention-based DL approach without clinical features (AUC, 0.764). Incorporating clinical features into the model did not improve its prediction accuracy for LNM. Our model reduced unnecessary additional surgery by 15.1% more than using the current guidelines (67.4% vs. 82.5%). In patients with SM invasion depth of 1000 to 2000 μm, the AI avoided 16.1% of unnecessary additional surgery than using the JSCCR guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to show that AI trained with DL of H&E-stained WSIs has the potential to predict LNM in T1 CRC using only endoscopically resected specimens with conventional histologic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hye Song
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiyu Hong
- Department of R&D Center, Arontier Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ran Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk Sohn
- Department of R&D Center, Arontier Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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65
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Chen F, Chen S, Luo Y, Si A, Yang Y, Li Y, Hu W, Zhang Y. Long-Time Trend of Colorectal Cancer Mortality Attributable to High Processed Meat Intake in China and a Bayesian Projection from 2020 to 2030: A Model-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10603. [PMID: 36078321 PMCID: PMC9517814 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is among the leading causes of cancer worldwide. Processed meat was known to be positively associated with a higher risk of gastrointestinal cancer. This study focused on the long-time trends of colorectal cancer mortality attributable to high processed meat intake in China from 1990 to 2019 and the projection for the next decade based on data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. We used an age-period-cohort model to fit the long-time trend. The joinpoint model was conducted to estimate the average and annual change of the attributable mortality. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to project the crude attributable mortality from 2020 to 2030. An upward trend in colorectal cancer mortality attributable to high processed meat intake was observed for both sexes in China from 1990 to 2019, with an overall net drift of 4.009% for males and 2.491% for females per year. Projection analysis suggested that the burden of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality would still be high. Our findings suggested that colorectal cancer death attributable to high processed meat intake is still high in China, and elderly males were at higher risk. Gradually decreasing the intake of processed meat could be an effective way to reduce colorectal cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yaqi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Nursing, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Aima Si
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yemian Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
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Crosstalk between mucosal microbiota, host gene expression, and sociomedical factors in the progression of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13447. [PMID: 35927305 PMCID: PMC9352898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various omics-based biomarkers related to the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been identified. In this study, we attempted to identify gut microbiome-based biomarkers and detect their association with host gene expression in the initiation and progression of CRC by integrating analysis of the gut mucosal metagenome, RNA sequencing, and sociomedical factors. We performed metagenome and RNA sequencing on colonic mucosa samples from 13 patients with advanced CRC (ACRC), 10 patients with high-risk adenoma (HRA), and 7 normal control (NC) individuals. All participants completed a questionnaire on sociomedical factors. The interaction and correlation between changes in the microbiome and gene expression were assessed using bioinformatic analysis. When comparing HRA and NC samples, which can be considered to represent the process of tumor initiation, 28 genes and five microbiome species were analyzed with correlation plots. When comparing ACRC and HRA samples, which can be considered to represent the progression of CRC, seven bacterial species and 21 genes were analyzed. When comparing ACRC and NC samples, 16 genes and five bacterial species were analyzed, and four correlation plots were generated. A network visualizing the relationship between bacterial and host gene expression in the initiation and progression of CRC indicated that Clostridium spiroforme and Tyzzerella nexilis were hub bacteria in the development and progression of CRC. Our study revealed the interactions of and correlation between the colonic mucosal microbiome and host gene expression to identify potential roles of the microbiome in the initiation and progression of CRC. Our results provide gut microbiome-based biomarkers that may be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in patients with CRC.
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67
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Wu CWK, Reid M, Leedham S, Lui RN. The emerging era of personalized medicine in advanced colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1411-1425. [PMID: 35815339 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with its pathogenesis often driven by varying genetic or epigenetic alterations. This has led to a substantial number of patients developing chemoresistance and treatment failure, resulting in a high mortality rate for advanced disease. Deep molecular analysis has allowed for the discovery of key intestinal signaling pathways which impacts colonic epithelial cell fate, and the integral role of the tumor microenvironment on cancer growth and dissemination. Through transitioning pre-clinical knowledge in research into clinical practice, many potential druggable targets within these pathways have been discovered in the hopes of overcoming the roadblocks encountered by conventional therapies. A personalized approach tailoring treatment according to the histopathological and molecular features of individual tumors can hopefully translate to better patient outcomes, and reduce the rate of recurrence in patients with advanced CRC. Herein, the latest understanding on the molecular science behind CRC tumorigenesis, and the potential treatment targets currently at the forefront of research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia W K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Madeleine Reid
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Leedham
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rashid N Lui
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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68
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Esmeeta A, Adhikary S, Dharshnaa V, Swarnamughi P, Ummul Maqsummiya Z, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Plant-derived bioactive compounds in colon cancer treatment: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113384. [PMID: 35820317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most predominant cancer caused by genetic, environmental and nutritional factors. Plant-based compounds are very well known to regress colon cancer in many ways, like delaying tumor growth, managing chemotherapy and radiation therapy side-effects, and working at the molecular levels. Medicinal plants contain many bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenol compounds, caffeic acid, catechins, saponins, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and luteolin glycosides, carnosic acid, oleanolic acid, rosmarinic acid, emodin, and eugenol and anthricin. These bioactive compounds can reduce tumor cell proliferation via several mechanisms, such as blocking cell cycle checkpoints and promoting apoptosis through activating initiator and executioner caspase. Traditional medicines have been used globally to treat cancers because of their anti-cancer effects, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-mutagenic effects, and anti-angiogenic effects. In addition, these medicines effectively suppress early and intermediate stages of carcinogenesis when administered in their active and pure form. However, traditional medicine is not very popular due to some critical challenges. These include poor solubility and absorption of these compounds, intellectual property-related issues, involvement of drug synergism, absence of drug-likeness, and unsure protocols for their extraction from the plant source. Using bioactive compounds in colon cancer has equal advantages and limitations. This review highlights the benefits and challenges of using bioactive compounds derived from plants for colon cancer. We have also discussed using these compounds to target cancer stem cell self-renewal, its effects on cancer cell metabolism, safety parameters, easy modulation, and their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Esmeeta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Subhamay Adhikary
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - V Dharshnaa
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - P Swarnamughi
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Z Ummul Maqsummiya
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Liu Y, Qi X. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effect of Lycoperoside H against the 1,2-Dimethyl Hydrazine (DMH) Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1021-1029. [PMID: 35691840 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In many developed countries, colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and its etiology is familiar to be a grouping of nutritional and environmental factors, less physical activity and hereditary factors. Lycoperoside H (LH) is a steroidal alkaloid saponin commonly found in the tomato and exhibited the various pharmacological effects. The aim of the current study was to scrutinized the anticancer effect of LH against 1,2‑Dimethyl Hydrazine (DMH) induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats. Subcutaneous injection of DMH (20 mg/kg) was used for induction the CRC and rats were received the oral administration of LH (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) for 16 weeks. At the end of the investigation, the tumor incidence, weight, and body weight were calculated. Antioxidant enzymes (phase I and II), inflammatory cytokines, lipids and inflammatory markers were all examined. DMH induced rats exhibited the increased tumor incidence, reduced body weight and LH treatment significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed the tumor incidence, and enhanced the body weight. LH treatment significantly (p < 0.001) boosted the level of SOD, GPx, GSH, CAT and suppressed the MDA level. LH treatment suppressed the level cytochrome b5 (Cyto b5), cytochrome P450 (Cyto P450) and boosted the level of glutathione S‑transferase (GST), uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase (UDP‑GT) in the liver and colon tissue. LH also decreased the level of cytokines includes interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); inflammatory mediators like Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin (PGE2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the hepatic and colon tissue. We can conclude that LH revealed the anticancer effect against the DMH induced CRC via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Xin Qi
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Dalian Central Hospital
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Mokhtari K, Mahdevar M, Hajipour M, Esmaeili M, Peymani M, Mirzaei S, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K. Title: Involvement of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in CRC progression based on in vitro and in silico studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113338. [PMID: 35779418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the risk factors concerns of colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer, due to the changing lifestyle and especially diet. There are various molecular pathways associated with obesity and the risk of CRC incidence, such as insulin resistance or elevated plasma free fatty acids, which alter the signaling pathways of intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to better understand the significance of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis on pathogenesis of colon cancer in obese. Based on GSE20931 dataset, obese individuals affected by CRC had higher increased gene expression than non-obese individuals. The analysis showed that in obese individuals, the 16 signaling pathway genes were activated and increased (FDR <0.05) significantly. The biosynthetic pathway of unsaturated fatty acids showed a cross-talk with the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and the PPAR signaling pathway is influenced and regulated via these pathways. The biosynthetic pathway of unsaturated fatty acids consisting of 22 genes, were analyzed using GEO data and revealed that 4 genes (HSD17B12, TECR, FADS2, ELOVL5) from this pathway were significantly increased (FDR <0.05). These data were validated based on TCGA data (Adj.p.value <0.001). The expression level of candidate genes in HT-29 cells decreased significantly (P.value <0.01), and PPARγ expression increased under linoleic acid treatment (200 μM) compared to control cells. Moreover, in presence of linoleic acid treatment, migration, colony formation, and proliferation decreased (P.value <0.01) in presence of treatment. In summary, the Biosynthesis pathway of unsaturated fatty acids is an interesting and critical pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdevar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maral Hajipour
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Occurrence of Biomarker Mutation in Colorectal Cancer among the Asian Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5824183. [PMID: 35782059 PMCID: PMC9246611 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5824183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Globally, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the third major cause of cancer-related death in both sexes. KRAS and BRAF mutations are almost mutually exclusively involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. Both are major culprits in treatment failure and poor prognosis for CRC. Method. A systematic review and meta-analysis of various research was done following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This trial is registered with PROSPERO CRD42021256452. The initial search included 646 articles; after the removal of noneligible studies, a total of 88 studies was finally selected. Data analysis was carried out using OpenMeta Analyst and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 (CMA 3.0) software to investigate the prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations among patients with CRC in Asia. Results. The meta-analysis comprises of 25,525 sample sizes from Asia with most being male 15,743/25525 (61.7%). Overall prevalence of KRAS mutations was (59/88) 36.3% (95% CI: 34.5-38.2) with I2 = 85.54% (P value < 0.001). In 43/59 studies, frequency of KRAS mutations was majorly in codon 12 (76.6% (95% CI: 74.2–78.0)) and less in codon 13 (21.0% (95% CI: 19.1-23.0)). Overall prevalence of BRAF mutations was 5.6% (95% CI: 3.9-8.0) with I2 = 94.00% (P value < 0.001). When stratified according to location, a higher prevalence was observed in Indonesia (71.8%) while Pakistan has the lowest (13.5%). Conclusion. Total prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations in CRC was 36.6% and 5.6%, respectively, and the results conformed with several published studies on KRAS and BRAF mutations.
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Jung YS, Im E, Park CH. Impact of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants on the performance of fecal immunochemical tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:4299-4311. [PMID: 34716478 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antithrombotic agents may increase the bleeding tendency and affect the performance of fecal immunochemical test (FIT). We aimed to evaluate the impact of antithrombotic agents on the performance of FIT through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS All relevant studies published between January 1980 and September 2020 that examined the diagnostic performance of FIT were searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. We performed a meta-analysis for the positive predictive value (PPV) of FIT for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) or colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the administration of antithrombotic agents including aspirin, antiplatelet agents, and oral anticoagulants (OACs). RESULTS Thirteen studies with 27,518 patients were included. Of these, 11 studies with data required for the calculation of pooled PPV were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled PPV of FIT for detecting ACRN was significantly lower in antithrombotic agent users than in non-users (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]]: aspirin, 0.82 [0.68-0.99]; antiplatelet agents, 0.82 [0.69-0.96]; OACs, 0.66 [0.52-0.84]). For detecting CRC, antithrombotic agent use tended to be associated with a reduced PPV (aspirin, 0.76 [0.51-1.14]; antiplatelet agents, 0.73 [0.52-1.02]; OACs, 0.60 [0.25-1.44]). In the subgroup analysis, a FIT cutoff value of 15 μg Hb/g feces tended to be associated with lower PPVs compared to a value of 20 μg Hb/g feces in antithrombotic agent users. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin, antiplatelet agents, and OACs significantly lowered the PPV of FIT for detecting ACRN. These drugs may increase the false-positive of FIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Im
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, Republic of Korea.
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Park SB, Cha JM. Quality indicators in colonoscopy: the chasm between ideal and reality. Clin Endosc 2022; 55:332-338. [PMID: 35656625 PMCID: PMC9178135 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2022.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous measurement of quality indicators (QIs) should be a routine part of colonoscopy, as a wide variation still exists in the performance and quality levels of colonoscopy in Korea. Among the many QIs of colonoscopy, the adenoma detection rate, average withdrawal time, bowel preparation adequacy, and cecal intubation rate should be monitored in daily clinical practice to improve the quality of the procedure. The adenoma detection rate is the best indicator of the quality of colonoscopy; however, it has many limitations for universal use in daily practice. With the development of natural language processing, the adenoma detection rate is expected to become more effective and useful. It is important that colonoscopists do not strictly and mechanically maintain an average withdrawal time of 6 minutes but instead perform careful colonoscopy to maximally expose the colonic mucosa with a withdrawal time of at least 6 minutes. To achieve adequate bowel preparation, documentation of bowel preparation with the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) should be a routine part of colonoscopy. When colonoscopists routinely followed the bowel preparation protocols, ≥85% of outpatient screening colonoscopies had a BBPS score of ≥6. In addition, the cecal intubation rate should be ≥95% of all screening colonoscopies. The first step in improving colonoscopy quality in Korea is to apply these key performance measurements in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence: Jae Myung Cha Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea E-mail:
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Jelassi R, Dhouioui S, Ben Salah H, Saidi N, Mzoughi N, Ammi R, Bouratbine A, Aoun K, Zidi I, Chelbi H. rs401502 and rs11575934 Polymorphisms of the IL-12 Receptor Beta 1 Gene are Protective Against Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:864419. [PMID: 35646062 PMCID: PMC9136319 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.864419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem worldwide and in Tunisia. It ranks among the main cancers in terms of incidence and cancer-related cause of death. Its pathogenesis is currently considered to be multifactorial involving genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have suggested that the gene encoding the β1 subunit of the IL-12 receptor, an important pro-inflammatory cytokine of the anti-tumor response, could be involved in the susceptibility to inherited CRC. Hence, it would be interesting to study the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-12RB1 gene (rs401502 and rs11575934) in CRC susceptibility. Aim: Our purpose was to assess whether genetic variants IL-12RB1 +1196G/C (rs401502) and IL-12RB1 +705A/G (rs11575934) within the IL-12RB1 gene are associated with the sporadic CRC risk. Methods: A total of 110 Tunisian patients with sporadic CRC and 141 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Genotyping was performed by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. All results were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing or PCR-RFLP methods. Later, the allele frequencies and genotype distribution were established and compared between the control group and CRC patients. Results: The obtained results showed that the two target SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in both patients and controls. Minor allele frequencies of rs401502 SNP were 16.4% in CRC cases and 23.8% in controls. Mutant allele of rs11575934 SNP was present with 21.4% in CRC patients and 29.8% in control group. An association study showed a significant association of two target polymorphisms with CRC, according to the dominant genetic model with OR = 0.577, 95% CI = [0.343 to 0.972], p = 0.038 and OR = 0.547, 95% CI = [0.328 to 0.911], p = 0.02, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we found, for the first time, a potential protective effect of two SNPs in the IL-12RB1 gene, namely rs401502 and rs11575934, in sporadic colorectal cancer in Tunisians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refka Jelassi
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Dhouioui
- Laboratory Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nasreddine Saidi
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nabiha Mzoughi
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Radhia Ammi
- External Consultants Service Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aida Bouratbine
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Aoun
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Zidi
- Laboratory Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Chelbi
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Hanen Chelbi,
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Zhong R, Farag MA, Chen M, He C, Xiao J. Recent advances in the biosynthesis, structure–activity relationships, formulations, pharmacology, and clinical trials of fisetin. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruting Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Meiwan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Chengwei He
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Macau China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Universidade de Vigo Ourense Spain
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Hong SW, Kim J, Lee JY, Lee JS, Chang HS, Park HW, Kim GU, Yoon J, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Myung SJ, Yang SK, Choe J, Yang DH. Sessile serrated lesions in patients with adenoma on index colonoscopy do not increase metachronous advanced adenoma risk. Dig Endosc 2022; 34:850-857. [PMID: 34608684 DOI: 10.1111/den.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post-polypectomy surveillance intervals should be determined based on index colonoscopy findings. However, the risk of metachronous lesions, resulting from the coexistence of adenoma and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), has rarely been addressed. We evaluated the impact of synchronous SSL on the risk of metachronous lesions within similar adenoma risk groups. METHODS We retrieved individuals with one or more adenomas on index colonoscopy in a single-center retrospective cohort and stratified them into four groups depending on the presence of SSL and low-risk/high-risk adenoma (LRA/HRA). Participants who underwent surveillance colonoscopies at least 12 months apart were included. We compared the risks of metachronous lesions including HRA, advanced adenoma (AA), or SSL within similar adenoma risk groups according to the presence of SSL. RESULTS Overall 4493 individuals were included in the analysis. The risk of metachronous HRA/AA was not significantly higher in the adenoma with SSL group compared with the adenoma without SSL group, irrespective of LRA (HRA, 6/86 vs. 231/3297, P = 1.00; AA, 0/86 vs. 52/3297, P = 0.64) or HRA (HRA, 11/64 vs. 240/1046, P = 0.36; AA, 3/64 vs. 51/1046, P = 1.00). However, the risk of metachronous SSL in individuals with synchronous SSL was higher than that in those without SSL for both LRA (15/86 vs. 161/3297, P < 0.001) and HRA groups (11/64 vs. 61/1046, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The presence of synchronous SSL did not increase the risk of metachronous HRA/AA, compared with isolated adenoma, but increased the risk of metachronous SSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Chang
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Park
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gwang-Un Kim
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Choe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Wu H, Huang Y, Yang L, Su K, Tian S, Chen X, Li S, Liu W. Effects of Jianpi Lishi Jiedu granules on colorectal adenoma patients after endoscopic treatment: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2022; 23:345. [PMID: 35461237 PMCID: PMC9034522 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal adenomas (CRAs) are precancerous lesions of the large intestine presenting as colorectal polyps. At present, the conventional treatment methods for CRA mainly include high-frequency electrocoagulation and electroexcision, biopsy forceps polypectomy, cauterization by laser and microwave, and other endoscopic interventions. The principal advantages conferred by these treatment strategies include less trauma, quick postoperative recovery, and simplicity to perform. However, the higher recurrence rates and insignificant improvement of postoperative symptoms after endoscopic surgery are considerable drawbacks to this approach. Besides, there is currently no effective pharmacotherapy to prevent the recurrence of CRA. Jianpi Lishi Jiedu (JLJ) granules are a form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to manage postoperative patients with CRA, which has shown a certain degree of efficacy in clinical practice. However, its effectiveness and safety profile have not been convincingly evaluated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety profile of JLJ granules in the management of postoperative patients with CRA and to observe the recurrence rate of adenoma in these patients. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial is performed in this study. A total of 80 postoperative patients with CRA will be randomly classified into the Jianpi Lishi Jiedu granules group or the placebo control group. Patients in both groups shall receive 3 months of intervention, after which medical follow-up and safety evaluation will be performed for all of the patients. The primary outcome is the recurrence rate of adenomas within 12 months. The secondary outcomes are the cardinal TCM symptom scores, minor TCM symptom scores, Bristol Stool Scale, efficacy of TCM symptoms, safety indicators, and blinding assessment. DISCUSSION In this study, the impact on the recurrence of adenomas and the efficacy and safety of JLJ granules in terms of improving the clinical symptoms of postoperative patients with CRA will be evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR 2100044297. Registered on March 16, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhen Huang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunhan Su
- Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Ojo OA, Adeyemo TR, Rotimi D, Batiha GES, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Iyobhebhe ME, Elebiyo TC, Atunwa B, Ojo AB, Lima CMG, Conte-Junior CA. Anticancer Properties of Curcumin Against Colorectal Cancer: A Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881641. [PMID: 35530318 PMCID: PMC9072734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and reoccurring diseases, as well as the world’s second largest cause of mortality. Despite existing preventative, diagnostic, and treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, the number of instances rises year after year. As a result, new effective medications targeting specific checkpoints should be developed to combat CRC. Natural compounds, such as curcumin, have shown significant anti-colorectal cancer characteristics among medications that can be used to treat CRC. These chemicals are phenolic compounds that belong to the curcuminoids category. Curcumin exerts its anti-proliferative properties against CRC cell lines in vitro and in vivo via a variety of mechanisms, including the suppression of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways, the stoppage of the cell cycle, and the activation of autophagy. Curcumin also has anti-angiogenesis properties. Thus, this review is aimed at emphasizing the biological effect and mode of action of curcumin on CRC. Furthermore, the critical role of these substances in CRC chemoprevention was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo,
| | - Temiloluwa Rhoda Adeyemo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Rotimi
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Matthew Eboseremen Iyobhebhe
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Tobiloba Christiana Elebiyo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Bukola Atunwa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Unit, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETED), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Report of 13-year survival of patients with colon and rectal cancers; lessons from Shiraz colorectal cancer surgery registry system of a level three medical center. BMC Surg 2022; 22:142. [PMID: 35428290 PMCID: PMC9011378 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer in men worldwide, with an increasing trend in its incidence in Asian countries. In the present study, we aimed to describe the 13-year results of patients with CRC based on the Shiraz Colorectal Cancer Surgery (SCORCS) registry system in patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) undergoing surgery.
Methods
Between 2007 and 2020, 811 patients, including 280 patients with CC and 531 patients with RC, registered in SCORCS, were included in the present study. The information collected for this study included demographic characteristics of the patients, primary clinical presentations, laboratory findings before surgery, radiologic and colonoscopy results, and surgical procedures. Death was confirmed by the physician as “CRC-related”. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21; life table and Kaplan-Meier curve were used for evaluating the overall survival, recurrence, and metastasis rates and Log-Rank test or Breslow test to check significant differences between the subgroups. The Cox proportional regression model was fitted to evaluate the prognostic factors of survival recurrence and metastasis.
Results
Laparoscopy was performed in 60% of patients (66% in RC and 51% in CC), laparotomy in 32% (27% in RC and 41% in CC), and 7% required conversion. The median time of follow-up was 29 months in all patients; 28 months in patients with RC, and 33 months in patients with CC; 1, 3, and 5 years’ survival rate was 90, 70, and 63% for all the patients, 89%, 67%, and 58% for RC and 90%, 74%, and 71% for CC, respectively (P = 0.009). The Cox regression analysis revealed tumor stages II, (P = 0.003, HR:2.45, 95% CI;1.34–4.49), III, (P ≤ 0.001, HR:3.46, 95% CI;1.88–6.36) and IV, (P ≤ 0.001, HR:6.28, 95% CI;2.73–14.42) in RC and stage IV, (P = 0.03, HR:9.33, 95% CI;1.1-76.37) in CC were the significant survival prognostic factors. The metastasis and recurrence of the tumors occurred earlier in patients with RC than CC (P = 0.001 and 0.03, respectively).
Conclusions
Long-term follow-up of patients with CRC in an Iranian population indicated the significance of screening for diagnosis of early stages and improved survival of the patients.
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Syed Soffian SS, Mohammed Nawi A, Hod R, Ja’afar MH, Isa ZM, Chan HK, Hassan MRA. Meta-Analysis of the Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081555. [PMID: 35458117 PMCID: PMC9031004 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was extensively used to examine the inflammatory potential of diet related to colorectal cancer (CRC). This meta-analysis aimed to update the evidence of the association between the DII and CRC across various culture-specific dietary patterns. Literature search was performed through online databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOHost). Observational studies exploring the association between the DII and CRC, published between 2017 and 2021, were included. The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were separately computed for 12 studies comparing the highest and lowest DII scores and for 3 studies that presented continuous DII scores. A high DII score was associated with a higher risk of CRC (RR:1.16; 95% CI, 1.05–1.27). In the subgroup analysis, significant associations were seen in cohort design (RR: 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06–1.44), those lasting for 10 years or longer (RR: 2.95; 95% CI, 2.47–3.52), and in adjustment factor for physical activity (RR: 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07–1.20). An increase of one point in the DII score elevates the risk of CRC by 1.34 (95% CI: 1.15–1.55) times. The findings call for standardized measurement of the inflammatory potential of diet in future studies to enable the establishment of global guidelines for CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Saffinas Syed Soffian
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.S.S.); (R.H.); (M.H.J.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.S.S.); (R.H.); (M.H.J.); (Z.M.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.S.S.); (R.H.); (M.H.J.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Mohd Hasni Ja’afar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.S.S.); (R.H.); (M.H.J.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.S.S.); (R.H.); (M.H.J.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Huan-Keat Chan
- Clinical Research Center, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar 05400, Malaysia; (H.-K.C.); (M.R.A.H.)
| | - Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
- Clinical Research Center, Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital, Alor Setar 05400, Malaysia; (H.-K.C.); (M.R.A.H.)
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Risk of Metachronous Colorectal Advanced Neoplasia and Cancer in Patients With 3-4 Nonadvanced Adenomas at Index Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:588-602. [PMID: 35169108 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the available evidence on the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia (AN) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with 3-4 nonadvanced adenomas (NAAs). METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases up to January 2021 for studies evaluating metachronous AN and CRC risk by comparing 3 groups (1-2 vs 3-4 vs ≥5 NAAs) at index colonoscopy. The estimates for risk of metachronous AN and CRC were evaluated using random-effects models. RESULTS Fifteen studies (n = 36,375) were included. The risk of metachronous AN was significantly higher in the 3-4 NAAs group than in the 1-2 NAAs group (relative risk [RR] 1.264, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.053-1.518, P = 0.012; I2 = 0%); there was no difference between the ≥ 5 NAAs and 3-4 NAAs groups (RR 1.962, 95% CI 0.972-3.958, P = 0.060; I2 = 68%). The risks of metachronous CRC between the 1-2 NAAs and 3-4 NAAs groups (RR 2.663, 95% CI 0.391-18.128, P = 0.317; I2 = 0%) or the 3-4 NAAs and ≥ 5 NAAs groups (RR 1.148, 95% CI 0.142-9.290, P = 0.897; I2 = 0%) were not significantly different. DISCUSSION Although the risk of metachronous AN was greater in the 3-4 NAAs group than in the 1-2 NAAs group, the risk of metachronous AN and CRC between the 3-4 NAAs and ≥ 5 NAAs groups was not different. This suggests that further studies on metachronous AN and CRC risk in the 3-4 NAAs group are warranted to confirm a firm ≥5-year interval surveillance colonoscopy.
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82
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Jung YS, Kim NH, Kim Y, Park DI. Risk of developing metachronous colorectal neoplasia after the resection of proximal versus distal adenomas. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:537-542. [PMID: 34429268 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current post-polypectomy guidelines do not consider adenoma location. We compared the risk of metachronous colorectal neoplasia (CRN) according to adenoma location. METHODS We collected data from 9710 patients who underwent follow-up colonoscopy after adenoma removal. Patients were classified according to baseline adenoma location: distal only (n=4665), proximal only (n=3827), and both sides (n=1218). RESULTS The risk of metachronous CRN in patients with proximal only adenomas was higher than that in those with distal only adenomas (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04-1.21), while the risk of metachronous advanced CRN (ACRN) was not different between the two groups. Among patients aged <50 years, the risk of metachronous CRN in those with proximal only non-advanced adenomas (NAAs) was higher than that in those with only distal NAAs, while among patients aged ≥ 50 years, the risk in those with proximal only advanced adenomas (AAs) was higher than that in those with distal only AAs. However, the risk of metachronous ACRN did not differ based on adenoma location in patients aged < 50 and ≥ 50 years. CONCLUSIONS Proximal adenoma was associated with an increased risk of metachronous CRN, but not with an increased risk of metachronous ACRN, supporting the current guidelines recommending the same surveillance interval for distal and proximal adenoma without discrimination by adenoma location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03181, Korea
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83
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Kim MC, Kim KO, Kang MK. Prevalence and associated risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia in adults with sarcopenia. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:294-303. [PMID: 34905817 PMCID: PMC8925942 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although several studies have shown that sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in colorectal cancer patients, the impact of sarcopenia on the development of colorectal neoplasia remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of colorectal neoplasia, especially advanced colorectal neoplasia, in adults with sarcopenia. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data for 10,676 adults who underwent firsttime colonoscopy and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) on the same day in a health screening program at a single center. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using established BIA-based criteria as adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by body mass index (BMI) (ASM/BMI), height (ASM/height2), or weight (ASM/weight). Prevalence of overall and advanced colorectal neoplasia and their association with sarcopenia, as established by the aforementioned diagnostic criteria, were evaluated. RESULTS Among 10,676 subjects, 583 were diagnosed with sarcopenia using ASM/ BMI. Subjects with sarcopenia had a higher prevalence of colorectal neoplasia than those without. In the multivariate analysis after adjusting for confounding factors, sarcopenia was an independent risk factor for any colorectal neoplasia (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.56) and advanced colorectal neoplasia (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.27 to 3.06). The association between sarcopenia and advanced colorectal neoplasia remained significant for all sarcopenia measures including ASM/height2 (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.85) and ASM/weight (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.54 to 3.77). CONCLUSION Prevalence of overall and advanced colorectal neoplasia was higher in subjects with sarcopenia than in those without. Sarcopenia was a significant risk factor for colorectal neoplasia, especially for advanced colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ok Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Choe L, Lau J, Fong SY, Chew E, Chow WM, Pang Y, Lim TZ, Chong CS, Chew MH, Foo FJ, Koh FHX, Wong ML, Koh GCH, Tan KK. Colorectal cancer patients advocating screening to their siblings: a randomized behavioral intervention. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:519-526.e2. [PMID: 34896444 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Siblings of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are at increased risk of developing CRC, but screening rates remain low. Through a randomized behavioral intervention, this study aimed to determine whether patients can advocate screening to their siblings using a tailored educational package. METHODS CRC survivors were recruited and randomized into relaying either tailored materials (intervention group) or existing national screening guidelines (control group) to their siblings. Siblings could respond to the study team if they were interested in learning about CRC screening. Study outcomes were patient advocacy rates (number of patients who had successfully contacted at least 1 eligible sibling) between groups and the proportion of eligible siblings who responded. RESULTS Between May 2017 and March 2021, 219 CRC patients were randomized to the intervention (n = 110) and control (n = 109) groups. Patient advocacy rates were high and did not differ significantly between groups. However, only 14.3% of eligible siblings (n = 85) responded to the study team. Siblings of patients from the intervention group were more likely to respond (adjusted odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.0; P < .05). Moreover, after controlling for potential confounders, siblings aged ≥60 years were significantly less likely to respond (adjusted odds ratio, .3; 95% confidence interval, .1-.7; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS CRC patients are willing advocates of screening, and siblings contacted by patients from the intervention group were also more likely to reach out to the study team. However, overall sibling response rates were low despite advocacy, suggesting that patient-led advocacy should at best be used as an adjunct to other, multipronged CRC screening promotion modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Choe
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerrald Lau
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si-Ying Fong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emily Chew
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen-Min Chow
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Pang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tian-Zhi Lim
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Choon-Seng Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Min-Hoe Chew
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fung-Joon Foo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Frederick Hong-Xiang Koh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mee-Lian Wong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
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BAHCE ZS, GUMUS S, YIGIT E. Locations and histopathology of colorectal polyps in Turkey: experiences of two centers. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0394-9508.20.05214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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86
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Hong SW, Lee S, Kim YJ, Ahn S, Park IJ, Hong SM, Hwang SW, Park SH, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Yang SK, Kim J, Kim SY, Myung SJ. Immune profile by multiplexed immunohistochemistry associated with recurrence after chemoradiation in rectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:542-550. [PMID: 34993983 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Evidence has emerged that a pretreatment immune profile in rectal cancer is associated with response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and recurrence after CRT. However, few studies have evaluated the immune profile differences after CRT regarding recurrence and nonrecurrence. METHODS We included patients with advanced rectal cancer treated with CRT and surgery with recurrence within 1 year in a recurrence group. After sex and age matching with the recurrence group, patients with no recurrence for 3 years after CRT were included in a nonrecurrence group. We extracted the immune profile, including CD3 and CD8, from the surgical specimen after CRT using multispectral fluorescence immunohistochemistry and compared the two groups. RESULTS The immune profiles of 65 patients with rectal cancer were assessed; 30 were included in the recurrence group and 35 were included in the nonrecurrence group. CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte densities were significantly higher in the nonrecurrence group than in the recurrence group (CD3+ ; P < 0.001, CD8+ ; P = 0.003) in the primary tumor. Consistent results were found in epithelial and stromal cells. Compared with the recurrence group, the distinct profiles of co-expressed immune markers in the nonrecurrence group were revealed (CD3+ CD8+ , P = 0.001; CD3+ CD8+ PD-L1- , P = 0.001; CD3+ CD8+ FOXP3- PD-L1- , P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Vigorous CD3+ and CD8+ T cell priming post-CRT was prominent in the nonrecurrence group compared with that of the recurrence group. This finding suggests that differences in immune profiles may have clinical significance even after CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seohyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Health Promotion, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jae Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - In Ja Park
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyoung Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeil Kim
- Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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87
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Jung YS, Lee J, Moon CM. Positive fecal immunochemical test results are associated with non-colorectal cancer mortality. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:313-321. [PMID: 34579523 PMCID: PMC8925959 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Studies have reported an association between fecal occult blood and increased all-cause, non-colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as CRC mortality. This study aimed to determine whether positive fecal immunochemistry test (FIT) results are associated with death from various causes in the South Korean population. METHODS Using the Korean National Cancer Screening Program database, we collected data on patients who underwent FIT between 2009 and 2011. RESULTS Of the 5,932,544 participants, 380,789 (6.4%) had positive FIT results. FIT-positive participants had a higher mortality rate than FIT-negative participants from CRC (1.33 and 0.21 per 1,000 person-years, p < 0.001, respectively) and non-CRC causes (10.40 and 7.50 per 1,000 person-years, p < 0.001, respectively). Despite adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption habits, body mass index, comorbidity, and aspirin use, FIT positivity was associated with an increased risk of dying from all non-CRC causes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.18) and CRC (aHR, 5.61; 95% CI, 5.40 to 5.84). Additionally, FIT positivity was significantly associated with increased mortality from circulatory disease (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.17), respiratory disease (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.19), digestive disease (aHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.66), neuropsychological disease (aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.16), blood and endocrine diseases (aHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.17), and external factors (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.20). CONCLUSION Positive FIT results are associated with an increased risk of mortality from CRC and various other chronic diseases, suggesting that it could be a predictor of mortality independent of its association with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul,
Korea
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88
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Hong SN, Lee CK, Im JP, Choi CH, Byeon JS, Cho YS, Jung SA, Kim TI, Jeen YT. Efficacy and safety of split-dose bowel preparation with 1 L polyethylene glycol and ascorbate compared with 2 L polyethylene glycol and ascorbate in a Korean population: a phase IV, multicenter, randomized, endoscopist-blinded study. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:500-511.e2. [PMID: 34653425 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The 1-L polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based bowel preparation agent NER1006 (Plenvu; Norgine, Harefield, UK) has shown high cleansing efficacy and tolerability in clinical trials in Europe and North America. However, no clinical trials have yet been reported in Asia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1L PEG-based bowel preparation with Plenvu compared with 2L PEG plus ascorbate bowel preparation in a Korean population. METHODS In this multicenter, endoscopist-blinded, randomized study, patients at 9 hospitals in South Korea undergoing colonoscopy received either Plenvu or 2L PEG + ascorbate (2L PEG) with a split dose. The primary endpoint was overall bowel cleansing success (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale [BBPS] score ≥2 for all segments of the colon). Secondary endpoints were high-quality bowel cleansing success (overall, BBPS score = 9; segmental colon, BPPS score = 3), polyp detection rate (PDR), and adenoma detection rate (ADR). RESULTS Of 360 included patients, cleansing efficacy was analyzed in 346 (Plenvu, 174; 2L PEG, 172). The Plenvu group showed noninferior bowel cleansing success rates compared with 2L PEG (93.10% vs 91.86%; difference, 1.24%; 1-sided 97.5% lower confidence limit, -4.31%; Pnoninferiority < .0001; Psuperiority = .661). The Plenvu group had higher high-quality bowel cleansing success rates for overall and right-sided colon segments than the 2L PEG group (49.43% vs 37.79% [P = .029] and 60.92% vs 48.84% [P = .024], respectively). The PDR was greater with Plenvu than with 2L PEG (48.85% vs 37.79%, P = .038). However, ADR did not differ between the 2 groups (24.71% vs 20.35%, P = .331). Although treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were slightly higher in the Plenvu group than in the 2L PEG group (65.71% vs 52.91%, P = .015), most TEAEs were mild (85.55%) and most patients recovered without any management (99.23%). CONCLUSIONS Plenvu showed noninferior overall bowel cleansing success rates comparable with 2L PEG but greater high-quality bowel cleansing in overall and right-sided colon, which might help improve the PDR in the Asian population. (Clinical trial registration number: KCT0005894.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Tae Jeen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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89
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Chini A, Manigrasso M, Cantore G, Maione R, Milone M, Maione F, De Palma GD. Can Computed Tomography Colonography Replace Optical Colonoscopy in Detecting Colorectal Lesions?: State of the Art. Clin Endosc 2022; 55:183-190. [PMID: 35196831 PMCID: PMC8995982 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2021.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Optical colonoscopy (OC) is widely accepted as the reference standard for the screening of colorectal polyps and cancers, and computed tomography colonography (CTC) is a valid alternative to OC. The purpose of this review was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of OC and CTC for colorectal lesions. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and 18 articles were included. CTC has emerged in recent years as a potential screening examination with high accuracy for the detection of colorectal lesions. However, the clinical application of CTC as a screening technique is limited because it is highly dependent on the size of the lesions and has poor performance in detecting individual lesions <5 mm or flat lesions, which, although rarely, can have a malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Chini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Manigrasso
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Cantore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Milone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Maione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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90
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Wang C, Qiao X, Wang J, Yang J, Yang C, Qiao Y, Guan Y, Wen A, Jiang L. Amelioration of DMH-induced colon cancer by eupafolin through the reprogramming of apoptosis-associated p53/Bcl2/Bax signaling in rats. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211069771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. In this present study, the effects of eupafolin on DMH-induced colon cancer in rats were assessed. Methods: The acute and sub-acute oral toxicity study in the balb/c mice was performed to evaluate the LD50 dose and the chemotherapeutic doses of eupafolin. The colon cancer was induced in the animals through a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of 30 mg/kg of dimethylhydrazine followed by 2% DSS for 7 days in the drinking water in male Wistar rats. The rats were treated with eupafolin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) through oral route for 18 weeks. The animals were sacrificed and colon tissues were subsequently investigated for aberrant crypt foci (ACF), in vivo antioxidant studies, histology and immunohistochemical analysis, and apoptosis by TUNNEL technique after 18 weeks of eupafolin therapy. Results: The acute oral toxicity data represented the LD50 dose of eupafolin which was found to be 500 mg/kg body weight. Along with that, the sub-acute toxicity study suggested the chemotherapeutic doses of eupafolin, that is, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Eupafolin therapy inhibits ACF development in rat colon mucosa efficiently. Additionally, eupafolin has improved the colonic lesions and the structural integrity of the colonic mucosa. Eupafolin therapy causes anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione to increase as well. Increased levels of P53, BAX, and PCNA and a simultaneous decrease in Bcl2 and IL-6 expressions show eupafolin therapy successfully regulated these biological markers in colorectal cancer. Eupafolin also induced apoptosis efficiently in the rat colon mucous membrane. Conclusion: These results show that eupafolin can improve colon cancer by modulating the p53, Bcl2, BAX, and IL-6 pathways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xiao Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Burn and Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liuqin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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91
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Li JB, Qiu ZY, Deng YX, Li Y, Lin ZC, Wu YP, Weng F, Tian H, Ou QJ, Gong CH, Pan ZZ, Wan DS, Peng JH, Fang YJ. Factors associated with positive predictive value of preliminary screening in a two-step screening strategy for colorectal neoplasms in China. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:4. [PMID: 35201502 PMCID: PMC8777551 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive predictive value (PPV) of high risk factor questionnaire (HRFQ) plus fecal immunochemical test (FIT) as preliminary screening strategy for colorectal-related neoplasia is relatively low. We aim to explore independent factors associated with PPVs of HRFQ combined FIT for selecting high risk individuals for colonoscopy. METHODS A total of 6971 residents were enrolled in a community-based screening program. Participants who had positive results of HRFQ and/or FIT and subsequently received colonoscopy were involved. The associations of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and high risk factors of colorectal cancer with PPVs of HRFQ, FIT, and their combination were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 572 involved cases, 249 (43.5%) colorectal neoplasms were detected by colonoscopy, including 71 advanced adenoma (12.4%) and 9 colorectal cancer (CRC) (1.6%). The PPVs of preliminary screening were 43.5% for total colorectal neoplasms, 14.0% for advanced neoplasm, and 1.6% for CRC. Adding positive HRFQ to FIT could improve the PPV from 3.5 to 8.0% for detecting CRC. Preliminarily screened positive individuals who were males [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.95, 95% CI 1.31, 2.90; p < 0.001], elders (> 60 years) (AOR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.17, 2.46; p = 0.005), or ex-/current smokers (AOR: 3.04, 95% CI 1.31, 7.09; p = 0.10) had higher odds of PPVs of detecting colorectal neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS Combining HRFQ and FIT could largely improve PPVs for screening advanced neoplasm and CRC. Gender and age-specific FIT cut-off values as well as initiating ages for CRC screening might be recommended to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of current screening algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bin Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yu Qiu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Chen Lin
- Department of Medical Records, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Weng
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Tian
- Dadong Street Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jian Ou
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hua Gong
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Sen Wan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Peng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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92
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Guo N, Gao J. Harmol alleviates dimethylhydrazine induced colon cancer by downregulating Bcl2/IL-6/TNF-α expression in association with p53 mediated apoptosis. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the world’s third most prevalent cancer. Herbal drugs are increasingly being used to treat a variety of disorders, including cancer, due to the severe adverse effects. Harmol, natural molecule containing β-carboline alkaloids, has aroused the interest of researchers due to its diverse biological functions, including anticancer properties. Methods: In this study, the chemotherapeutic effects of harmol have been investigated on HT-29 colon cancer cell line and a rat model of colon cancer. In the in vitro study the cytotoxicity assay, DAPI analysis and the flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess the anticancer efficacy of harmol in HT-29 cell. The colorectal cancer was developed in male Wistar rats through the administration of DMH followed by treatment with DSS. The rats were treated with harmol (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 18 weeks. At the end of therapy, the colon tissues were assessed for ACF, in vivo antioxidant activity, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and apoptosis assay. Results: The in vitro data suggested that the harmol therapy would significantly increase the percentage of early apoptosis in HT-29 cells through halting of G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, inhibition of ACF development with improved colonic abrasion and morphological features in colonic mucosal region were noted. Harmol treatment also increased the levels of antioxidants and p53 and downregulated Bcl2, IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Conclusion: These outcomes signify that harmol successfully recover colorectal carcinoma by reprogramming the p53, Bcl2, IL-6 and TNF-α pathway in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongying People’s Hospital, Dongying, China
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93
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Mohammadi M, Mirzaei H, Motallebi M. The role of anaerobic bacteria in the development and prevention of colorectal cancer: A review study. Anaerobe 2021; 73:102501. [PMID: 34906686 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in both males and females in the Unites States. Colonoscopy is considered a safe method for screening this disorder; however, it can be challenging for patients. As research on microbiota, especially anaerobic microbiota, has expanded substantially, new links have been determined between anaerobic bacteria and CRC progression. These associations can be useful in screening CRC in the near future. This review discusses current research investigating the presence of anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Clostridium septicum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Parvimonas micra in CRC and presents an overview about their mechanisms of action. We also discuss the current anaerobic probiotics used for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mitra Motallebi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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94
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Kim N, Kim SM, Lee BJ, Choi BI, Yoon HS, Kang SH, Kim SH, Joo MK, Park JJ, Kim C. Detection of Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer Patients With a Plasma-Based Real-Time PCR Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758830. [PMID: 34955830 PMCID: PMC8694627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A microsatellite instability (MSI) test is crucial for screening for HNPCC (Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer; Lynch syndrome) and optimization of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is a predictor for good response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in various malignancies. In this study, we evaluated the results of a newly developed plasma-based real-time PCR kit for the detection of MSI in CRC patients. We assessed a peptide nucleotide acid (PNA) probe-mediated real-time PCR test (U-TOP MSI Detection Kit Plus) that determines MSI status by using amplicon melting analysis of five markers (NR21, NR24, NR27, BAT25, and BAT26) from plasma. Eighty-four CRC patients (46 dMMR and 38 pMMR) with colorectal cancer were analyzed. The concordance rate of MSI status assessment between the plasma kit and IHC was 63.0% in dMMR patients (29/46), but in the pMMR evaluation, a 100% (38/38) concordance rate was observed. In the evaluation of the performance of a custom tissue U-TOP MSI Detection Kit and plasma kit in 28 patients, sensitivity, specificity, PPV (positive predictive value) and NPV (negative predictive value) of plasma kit were 68.4, 100, 100, and 44.4%, respectively, with the tissue U-TOP MSI Detection Kit. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a non-invasive and rapid plasma-based real-time PCR kit (U-TOP MSI Detection Kit Plus) for the detection of MSI in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namjoo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom Jae Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Beom Jae Lee,
| | - Byung il Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Sook Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kang
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Han Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Kyung Joo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Jae Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chungyeul Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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95
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Nemati R, Valizadeh M, Mohammadi M, Kamali A. Bioinformatic analysis reveals in common genes between colorectal cancer and recurrent colorectal malignancy. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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96
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Yoshino T, Argilés G, Oki E, Martinelli E, Taniguchi H, Arnold D, Mishima S, Li Y, Smruti BK, Ahn JB, Faud I, Chee CE, Yeh KH, Lin PC, Chua C, Hasbullah HH, Lee MA, Sharma A, Sun Y, Curigliano G, Bando H, Lordick F, Yamanaka T, Tabernero J, Baba E, Cervantes A, Ohtsu A, Peters S, Ishioka C, Pentheroudakis G. Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis treatment and follow-up of patients with localised colon cancer. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1496-1510. [PMID: 34411693 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of localised colon cancer was published in 2020. It was decided by both the ESMO and the Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (JSMO) to convene a special virtual guidelines meeting in March 2021 to adapt the ESMO 2020 guidelines to take into account the ethnic differences associated with the treatment of localised colon cancer in Asian patients. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by experts in the treatment of patients with localised colon cancer representing the oncological societies of Japan (JSMO), China (CSCO), India (ISMPO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), Singapore (SSO) and Taiwan (TOS). The voting was based on scientific evidence and was independent of the current treatment practices and drug availability and reimbursement situations in the different Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - G Argilés
- Luis Diaz Laboratory, MSKCC, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - E Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - E Martinelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - H Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - D Arnold
- Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg, AK Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Mishima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Y Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B K Smruti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre and Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - J B Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Faud
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C E Chee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K-H Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-C Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C Chua
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H H Hasbullah
- Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UiTM Sg Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M A Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - G Curigliano
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS and University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - H Bando
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - F Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - J Tabernero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), UVic-UCC, IOB-Quiron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Cervantes
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Health Research, INCLIVIA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Ohtsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - S Peters
- Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Ishioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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97
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Wekha G, Ssewante N, Iradukunda A, Jurua M, Nalwoga S, Lanyero S, Olum R, Bongomin F. Colorectal Cancer in Uganda: A 10-Year, Facility-Based, Retrospective Study. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7697-7707. [PMID: 34675666 PMCID: PMC8504868 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s334226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common type of gastrointestinal malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths for both sexes worldwide. Although the burden of CRC is highest in developed countries, reports are indicating a rise in the incidence of early-onset CRC in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of CRC among patients hospitalized with lower gastrointestinal complaints at a tertiary health facility in Uganda. Methods We conducted a 10-year retrospective chart review of patients admitted to Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda, between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2020. We reviewed all charts of patients admitted to the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ward. Charts with grossly missing data, pediatric patients, and those from other non-lower GIT specialties were excluded. Results Data of 1476 unique eligible patients were analyzed. Of these,138 had a diagnosis of CRC (prevalence: 9.3%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 6.5-11.7%). Among patients with CRC, the female:male ratio was 1:1. The most common site for CRC was the rectum (59.8%, n= 79). For the 138 participants with CRC, 44 had staging data with 72.8% (n=32) having advanced disease, that is, stage 3 or 4. Factors independently associated with CRC were age ≥50 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.3, 95% CI: 2.6-7.1, p < 0.001), female sex (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2 -2.8, p = 0.005), being widowed (aOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-5.0, p = 0.006), and presence of any risk factor for CRC (aOR: 5.3, 95% CI: 2.9-9.9, p < 0.001). Conclusion CRC is relatively common among patients hospitalized with lower GIT complaints, particularly among women and those with known risk factors for CRC. Awareness creation and screening programs should be instituted to allow early diagnosis of CRC in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Wekha
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nelson Ssewante
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Angelique Iradukunda
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Micheal Jurua
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Shadia Nalwoga
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sharon Lanyero
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Olum
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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98
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Kolesnikova Y, Babenko D, Kadyrova I, Kolesnichenko S, Akhmaltdinova L, Korshukov I, Kabildina N, Sirota V, Zhumaliyeva V, Taizhanova D, Vazenmiller D, Turmukhambetova A. Association of four genetic variants with colorectal cancer in Kazakhstan population. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2215-2222. [PMID: 34676053 PMCID: PMC8522836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to search for polymorphisms located in the 10th chromosome associated with colorectal adenocarcinoma in representatives of the Kazakhstan population. Study was performed with 282 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 159 controls. Genotyping of SNPs was performed by QuantStudio 12K Flex PCR. For four significant SNPs inheritance model analysis was performed. Increasing risk of CRC was noted for rs10795668 in log-additive model (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05–1.99, p = 0.023); for rs1035209 in log-additive model (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.18–2.72, p = 0.003); for rs11190164 in log-additive model (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.17–2.38, p = 0.004). Decreasing risk of CRC was noted for rs10506868 in log-additive model (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37–0.85, p = 0.006). We detected SNPs that are associated with CRC risk in the Kazakhstan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya Kolesnikova
- Department of Biomedicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Babenko
- Research and Scientific Center, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Kadyrova
- Shared Resource Laboratory, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Ilya Korshukov
- Shared Resource Laboratory, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Naylya Kabildina
- Department of Oncology and Radiation Diagnostics, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Valentina Sirota
- Department of Oncology and Radiation Diagnostics, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Vera Zhumaliyeva
- Department of Oncology and Radiation Diagnostics, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Dana Taizhanova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Vazenmiller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Anar Turmukhambetova
- Department of Strategic Development and Science, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
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99
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Area-Level Determinants in Colorectal Cancer Spatial Clustering Studies: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910486. [PMID: 34639786 PMCID: PMC8508304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing pattern of colorectal cancer (CRC) in specific geographic region, compounded by interaction of multifactorial determinants, showed the tendency to cluster. The review aimed to identify and synthesize available evidence on clustering patterns of CRC incidence, specifically related to the associated determinants. Articles were systematically searched from four databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOHost. The approach for identification of the final articles follows PRISMA guidelines. Selected full-text articles were published between 2016 and 2021 of English language and spatial studies focusing on CRC cluster identification. Articles of systematic reviews, conference proceedings, book chapters, and reports were excluded. Of the final 12 articles, data on the spatial statistics used and associated factors were extracted. Identified factors linked with CRC cluster were further classified into ecology (health care accessibility, urbanicity, dirty streets, tree coverage), biology (age, sex, ethnicity, overweight and obesity, daily consumption of milk and fruit), and social determinants (median income level, smoking status, health cost, employment status, housing violations, and domestic violence). Future spatial studies that incorporate physical environment related to CRC cluster and the potential interaction between the ecology, biology and social determinants are warranted to provide more insights to the complex mechanism of CRC cluster pattern.
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100
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Yong JN, Lim XC, Nistala KRY, Lim LKE, Lim GEH, Quek J, Tham HY, Wong NW, Tan KK, Chong CS. Endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal carcinoid tumor. A meta-analysis and meta-regression with single-arm analysis. J Dig Dis 2021; 22:562-571. [PMID: 34472210 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As there has been so far no consensus on the best endoscopic resection technique, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for treating rectal carcinoid tumors. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles on the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumors using ESD vs EMR published up to October 2020 for outcomes including en bloc and complete resection, margin involvement, procedure time, requirement for additional surgery, bleeding, perforation and recurrence. Risk ratio and weighted mean differences were used for a DerSimonian and Laird random effects pairwise meta-analysis. Single-arm meta-analyses of proportions and random effects meta-regression analysis were also conducted. RESULTS Twenty-two studies involving 1360 rectal carcinoid tumors were included, in which 655 and 705 rectal carcinoid tumors were resected with ESD and EMR, respectively. The resection efficacy of ESD was comparable to that of EMR for tumors <10 mm. However, there were a significantly higher complete resection rate, and lower rates of vertical margin involvement and requirement for additional surgery using ESD than using EMR for tumors ≤20 mm. ESD had a longer procedure time and an increased likelihood of bleeding than EMR. CONCLUSIONS ESD is more effective in providing a curative treatment for rectal carcinoid tumors ≤20 mm in size as ESD can achieve a higher complete resection rate with lower vertical margin involvement than EMR. While they are suitable for treating rectal carcinoid tumors <10 mm as both techniques provide similar efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiong Chang Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lincoln Kai En Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace En Hui Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jingxuan Quek
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Yu Tham
- Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Neng Wei Wong
- Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Choon Seng Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
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