51
|
Liu FY, Liu XY, Zhang LJ, Cheng YP, Jiang YN. Binding of prorenin to (pro)renin receptor induces the proliferation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells via ROS generation and ERK1/2 activation. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:99-108. [PMID: 24591529 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314525215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the discovery of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR), it has been considered as a novel bioactive molecule of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The activation of PRR can elicit a series of angiotensin II (AngII)-independent effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of prorenin and PRR on the proliferation of human umbilical artery smooth muscle (HUASM) cells and explored the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. RESULTS The binding of prorenin to PRR can promote proliferation and upregulate the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and downregulate the pro-apoptotic protein Bax independently of AngII in HUASM cells. In addition, the binding of prorenin to PRR can also increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) independently of AngII. The pretreatment of HUASM cells with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI decreased the production of ROS and also decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Furthermore, pretreatment of HUASM cells with DPI and the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly attenuated the prorenin-induced proliferation and regulation of apoptosis factors. CONCLUSION Binding of prorenin to PRR can induce HUASM cell proliferation via the ROS generation and ERK1/2 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Y Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiao Y Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Li J Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yun P Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yi N Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Jamaluddin MS, Yan S, Lü J, Liang Z, Yao Q, Chen C. Resistin increases monolayer permeability of human coronary artery endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84576. [PMID: 24386395 PMCID: PMC3874001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin has been linked to obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and the development of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the effects and the molecular mechanisms of resistin on endothelial permeability, a key event in the development of atherosclerosis, inflammation, and vascular disease, are largely unknown. In order to determine the effect of resistin on endothelial permeability, human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of resistin and the endothelial permeability was measured using the Transwell system with a Texas-Red-labeled dextran tracer. The permeability of HCAEC monolayers treated with resistin (80 ng/mL) was 51% higher than the permeability of control monolayers (P<0.05). The mRNA levels of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in resistin-treated cells were 37% and 42% lower, respectively, than the corresponding levels in untreated cells. The protein levels of these molecules in resistin-treated cells were significantly reduced by 35% and 37%, respectively (P<0.05), as shown by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic MnTBAP effectively blocked the resistin-mediated reduction of ZO-1 and occludin levels in HCAECs. In addition, superoxide anion production was increased from 21% (untreated cells) to 55% (cells treated with 40 ng/mL resistin), and 64% (resistin, 80 mg/mL) (P<0.05). The natural antioxidant Ginkgolide A effectively inhibited resistin-induced increase in permeability and the increase in superoxide anion production in HCAECs. Furthermore, resistin treatment significantly activated p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2. Pretreatment of HCAECs with a p38 inhibitor effectively blocked resistin-induced permeability. These results provide new evidence that resistin may contribute to the vascular lesion formation via increasing endothelial permeability through the mechanism of oxidative stress and the activation of p38 MAPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Saha Jamaluddin
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of American
| | - Shaoyu Yan
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of American
| | - Jianming Lü
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of American
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of American
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of American
| | - Changyi Chen
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of American
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cervellati C, Bonaccorsi G, Cremonini E, Romani A, Fila E, Castaldini C, Ferrazzini S, Massari L, Squerzanti M, Sticozzi C, Mischiati C, Bergamini CM. Accumulation of central fat correlates with an adverse oxidative balance in non-obese postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:1063-6. [PMID: 23992247 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.831829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether accumulation of central fat is correlated with systemic oxidative stress (OxS) in non-obese apparently healthy postmenopausal women. Serum parameters of OxS (hydroperoxides and non-enzymatic antioxidants) along with body fat distribution, as assessed by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), were evaluated in 134 non-obese postmenopausal women. Multiple regression analysis showed that central (trunk) fat significantly correlated with both markers of OxS independently of confounding factors (i.e. BMI, smoking, age, hypertension, legs and arms fat mass). In specific, the standardized regression coefficient was positive for hydroperoxides (β = 0.324, p < 0.05) and negative for antioxidants (β = -0.495, p < 0.01) level. In conclusion, the current data showed that the increase in central fat is an independent predictor of OxS condition among non-obese women in postmenopausal status. The possible pro-oxidant effects of the excess in central adiposity might be more harmful among post- than among pre-menopausal women, due to the postulated ability of E2 to contrast oxidative challenge and the related diseases.
Collapse
|
54
|
Go YM, Roede JR, Walker DI, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Orr M, Liang Y, Pennell KD, Jones DP. Selective targeting of the cysteine proteome by thioredoxin and glutathione redox systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3285-96. [PMID: 23946468 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) and GSH are the major thiol antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. Redox states of Trx and GSH have been used as indicators of oxidative stress. Accumulating studies suggest that Trx and GSH redox systems regulate cell signaling and metabolic pathways differently and independently during diverse stressful conditions. In the current study, we used a mass spectrometry-based redox proteomics approach to test responses of the cysteine (Cys) proteome to selective disruption of the Trx- and GSH-dependent systems. Auranofin (ARF) was used to inhibit Trx reductase without detectable oxidation of the GSH/GSSG couple, and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) was used to deplete GSH without detectable oxidation of Trx1. Results for 606 Cys-containing peptides (peptidyl Cys) showed that 36% were oxidized more than 1.3-fold by ARF, whereas BSO-induced oxidation of peptidyl Cys was only 10%. Mean fold oxidation of these peptides was also higher by ARF than BSO treatment. Analysis of potential functional pathways showed that ARF oxidized peptides associated with glycolysis, cytoskeleton remodeling, translation and cell adhesion. Of 60 peptidyl Cys oxidized due to depletion of GSH, 41 were also oxidized by ARF and included proteins of translation and cell adhesion but not glycolysis or cytoskeletal remodeling. Studies to test functional correlates showed that pyruvate kinase activity and lactate levels were decreased with ARF but not BSO, confirming the effects on glycolysis-associated proteins are sensitive to oxidation by ARF. These data show that the Trx system regulates a broader range of proteins than the GSH system, support distinct function of Trx and GSH in cellular redox control, and show for the first time in mammalian cells selective targeting peptidyl Cys and biological pathways due to deficient function of the Trx system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
A novel polymorphism of the CYP2J2 gene is associated with coronary artery disease in Uygur population in China. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1047-1054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
56
|
McClintock CS, Parks JM, Bern M, Ghattyvenkatakrishna PK, Hettich RL. Comparative informatics analysis to evaluate site-specific protein oxidation in multidimensional LC-MS/MS data. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3307-16. [PMID: 23827042 DOI: 10.1021/pr400141p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Redox proteomics has yielded molecular insight into diseases of protein dysfunction attributable to oxidative stress, underscoring the need for robust detection of protein oxidation products. Additionally, oxidative protein surface mapping techniques utilize hydroxyl radicals to gain structural insight about solvent exposure. Interpretation of tandem mass spectral data is a critical challenge for such investigations, because reactive oxygen species target a wide breadth of amino acids. Additionally, oxidized peptides may be generated in a wide range of abundances since the reactivity of hydroxyl radicals with different amino acids spans 3 orders of magnitude. Taken together, these attributes of oxidative footprinting pose both experimental and computational challenges to detecting oxidized peptides that are naturally less abundant than their unoxidized counterparts. In this study, model proteins were oxidized electrochemically and analyzed at both the intact protein and peptide levels. A multidimensional chromatographic strategy was utilized to expand the dynamic range of oxidized peptide measurements. Peptide mass spectral data were searched by the "hybrid" software packages Inspect and Byonic, which incorporate de novo elements of spectral interpretation into a database search. This dynamic search capacity accommodates the challenge of searching for more than 40 oxidative mass shifts that can occur in a staggering variety of possible combinatorial occurrences. A prevailing set of oxidized residues was identified with this comparative approach, and evaluation of these sites was informed by solvent accessible surface area gleaned through molecular dynamics simulations. Along with increased levels of oxidation around highly reactive "hotspot" sites as expected, the enhanced sensitivity of these measurements uncovered a surprising level of oxidation on less reactive residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlee S McClintock
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1060 Commerce Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
TAKAHASHI M, MIYASHITA M, PARK JH, KAWANISHI N, BAE SR, NAKAMURA Y, SAKAMOTO S, SUZUKI K. Low-Volume Exercise Training and Vitamin E Supplementation Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2013; 59:375-83. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.59.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
58
|
Marin C, Delgado-Lista J, Ramirez R, Carracedo J, Caballero J, Perez-Martinez P, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Garcia-Rios A, Delgado-Casado N, Cruz-Teno C, Yubero-Serrano EM, Tinahones F, Malagon MDM, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Mediterranean diet reduces senescence-associated stress in endothelial cells. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1309-16. [PMID: 21894446 PMCID: PMC3528364 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to study the effects of the oxidative stress induced by quality and quantity of dietary fat on cellular senescence. Twenty elderly subjects consumed three diets, each for 4 weeks: a saturated fatty acid diet (SFA), a low-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (CHO-ALA), and a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) enriched in monounsaturated fatty acid following a randomized crossover design. For each diet, we investigated intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS), cellular apoptosis and telomere length in human umbilical endothelial cells incubated with serum from each patient. MedDiet induced lower intracellular ROS production, cellular apoptosis, and percentage of cell with telomere shortening, compared with the baseline and with SFA and CHO-ALA diets. Dietary fat modulates the oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. MedDiet protects these cells from oxidative stress, prevents cellular senescence and reduces cellular apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marin
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramirez
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba/Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julia Carracedo
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba/Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero
- />Clinical Analysis Service/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Miguel Gutierrez-Mariscal
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Delgado-Casado
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Cruz-Teno
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Elena Maria Yubero-Serrano
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Tinahones
- />Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Malagon
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
- />Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- />Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Córdoba, Spain
- />Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomedica de Cordoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
- />Reina Sofia University Hospital, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Cordoba, Avd. Menendez Pidal s/n., 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Factors affecting impairment of blood rheology in obese subjects. J Cardiol 2012; 60:401-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
60
|
Nakamoto M, Hirose M, Kawakatsu M, Nakayama T, Urata Y, Kamata K, Kaminogo M, Li TS, Nagata I. Serum S-glutathionylated proteins as a potential biomarker of carotid artery stenosis. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1331-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
61
|
Lee B, Jung JH, Kim HS. Assessment of red onion on antioxidant activity in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3912-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
62
|
Fernández-Caggiano M, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Rego-Pérez I, Crespo-Leiro MG, Paniagua MJ, Grillé Z, Blanco FJ, Doménech N. Mitochondrial haplogroups H and J: risk and protective factors for ischemic cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44128. [PMID: 22937160 PMCID: PMC3429437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since mitochondria are the principal source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), these organelles may play an important role in ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) development. The mitochondrial genome may influence this disease. The aim of the present study was to test the relationship between IC development and the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defining the mitochondrial haplogroups in a population study. Methodology and principal findings Ten major European haplogroups were identified by using the single base extension technique and by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Frequencies and Odds Ratios for the association between IC patients (n = 358) and healthy controls (n = 423) were calculated. No convincing associations between classical risk factors for ischemic cardiomyopathy development and haplogroups were found. However, compared to healthy controls, the prevalence of haplogroup H was significantly higher in IC patients (40.0% vs 50.0%, p-value = 0.039) while the frequency of haplogroup J was significantly lower (11.1% vs 5.6%, p-value = 0.048). The analysis of the SNPs characterizing the European mtDNA haplogroups showed that the m.7028C allele (40.0% vs 50.0%, p-value = 0.005) and m.14766C allele (43.0% vs 54.2%, p-value = 0.002) were overrepresented in IC patients, meanwhile the m.10398G allele (19.8% vs 13.1%, p-value = 0.015) and m.4216C allele (22.2% vs 16.5%, p-value = 0.044) were found as protective factors against IC. Conclusions and significance Our results showed that the haplogroups H and J were found as a risk and protective factors for ischemic cardiomyopathy development, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernández-Caggiano
- Cardiac Biomarkers Group, Research Unit, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- Cardiac Biomarkers Group, Research Unit, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rego-Pérez
- Genomic Lab, Rheumatology Division, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María G. Crespo-Leiro
- Advanced Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Spanish Cardiovascular Research Network (RECAVA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesus Paniagua
- Advanced Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Spanish Cardiovascular Research Network (RECAVA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zulaika Grillé
- Advanced Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Spanish Cardiovascular Research Network (RECAVA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Genomic Lab, Rheumatology Division, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Nieves Doménech
- Cardiac Biomarkers Group, Research Unit, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Nishida S, Satoh H. [Vascular pharmacology of Kampo medicine for Mibyou (disease-oriented states)]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 140:58-61. [PMID: 22878567 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.140.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|
64
|
Porter KM, Sutliff RL. HIV-1, reactive oxygen species, and vascular complications. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:143-59. [PMID: 22564529 PMCID: PMC3377788 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over 1 million people in the United States and 33 million individuals worldwide suffer from HIV/AIDS. Since its discovery, HIV/AIDS has been associated with an increased susceptibility to opportunistic infection due to immune dysfunction. Highly active antiretroviral therapies restore immune function and, as a result, people infected with HIV-1 are living longer. This improved survival of HIV-1 patients has revealed a previously unrecognized risk of developing vascular complications, such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension. The mechanisms underlying these HIV-associated vascular disorders are poorly understood. However, HIV-induced elevations in reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, may contribute to vascular disease development and progression by altering cell function and redox-sensitive signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the clinical and experimental evidence demonstrating HIV- and HIV antiretroviral therapy-induced alterations in reactive oxygen species and how these effects are likely to contribute to vascular dysfunction and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi M Porter
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Emory University School of Medicine/Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road, Mailstop 151P, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Yoon BK, Kang YH, Oh WJ, Park K, Lee DY, Choi D, Kim DK, Lee Y, Rhyu MR. Impact of lysophosphatidylcholine on the plasminogen activator system in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:803-10. [PMID: 22787379 PMCID: PMC3390732 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.7.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) regulates fibrinolysis. PAI-1 expression increases in atherosclerotic arteries and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of major constituents of atheroma. We investigated the impact of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), an active component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, on the plasminogen activator system of the rat VSMCs. The lysoPC stimulated the protein and gene expressions of PAI-1 but did not affect the protein expression of t-PA. Fibrin overlay zymography revealed that lysoPC increased the activity of PAI-1 in the conditioned media, while concurrently decreasing that of free t-PA. Vitamin E inhibited the lysoPC-induced PAI-1 expression. Further, lysoPC increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an inhibitor of NF-κB, blocked this lysoPC effect. Indeed, lysoPC induced the NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activity as measured by luciferase reporter assay. In addition, genistein, an inhibitor of protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK), diminished the lysoPC effect, while 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, a stimulator of PTK, stimulated PAI-1 production. In conclusion, lysoPC does not affect t-PA expression but induces PAI-1 expression in the VSMC by mediating NF-κB and the genistein-sensitive PTK signaling pathways via oxidative stress. Importantly, lysoPC stimulates the enzyme activity of PAI-1 and suppresses that of t-PA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benz(a)Anthracenes/pharmacology
- Caffeic Acids/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Genistein/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Lysophosphatidylcholines/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phenylethyl Alcohol/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylethyl Alcohol/pharmacology
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/agonists
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics
- Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Vitamin E/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Koo Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Azorín-Ortuño M, Yañéz-Gascón MJ, Pallarés FJ, Rivera J, González-Sarrías A, Larrosa M, Vallejo F, García-Conesa MT, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC. A dietary resveratrol-rich grape extract prevents the developing of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of pigs fed an atherogenic diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5609-5620. [PMID: 22594392 DOI: 10.1021/jf301154q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The presence of grape and wine polyphenol resveratrol (RES) in the diet is negligible. Therefore, the cardiovascular benefits of this molecule, in a dietary context, remain to be established. We aimed to investigate, through dietary intervention, the effects of a resveratrol-rich grape extract (GE-RES) on the prevention of early aortic lesions in pigs fed an atherogenic diet (AD). These effects were compared with those produced by a grape extract lacking RES (GE) or RES alone. Pigs fed the AD for 4 months showed early atherosclerotic lesions in the thoracic aorta: degeneration and fragmentation of elastic fibers, increase of intima thickness, subendothelial fibrosis, and accumulation of fatty cells and anion superoxide radicals. GE-RES was the most effective treatment and prevented the disruption of aortic elastic fibers, decreased their alteration (57%), and reduced the intima thickness (33%) and the accumulation of fatty cells (42%) and O(2)(•-) (38%) in aortic tissue. In addition, GE-RES moderately downregulated the expression of the suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and 3 (SOCS3), key regulators of vascular cell responses, in peripheral mononuclear blood cells. Our results suggest that the consumption of this GE-RES nutraceutical, in a dietary prevention context, could prevent early atherosclerotic events. The presence of RES in the grape extract strengthened these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Azorín-Ortuño
- Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Schmidt S, Stahl F, Mutz KO, Scheper T, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Transcriptome-based identification of antioxidative gene expression after fish oil supplementation in normo- and dyslipidemic men. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:45. [PMID: 22621246 PMCID: PMC3408332 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), especially in dyslipidemic subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, are widely described in the literature. A lot of effects of n-3 PUFAs and their oxidized metabolites are triggered by regulating the expression of genes. Currently, it is uncertain if the administration of n-3 PUFAs results in different expression changes of genes related to antioxidative mechanisms in normo- and dyslipidemic subjects, which may partly explain their cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on expression changes of genes involved in oxidative processes. Methods Ten normo- and ten dyslipidemic men were supplemented for twelve weeks with fish oil capsules, providing 1.14 g docosahexaenoic acid and 1.56 g eicosapentaenoic acid. Gene expression levels were determined by whole genome microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Using microarrays, we discovered an increased expression of antioxidative enzymes and a decreased expression of pro-oxidative and tissue enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 enzymes and matrix metalloproteinases, in both normo- and dyslipidemic men. An up-regulation of catalase and heme oxigenase 2 in both normo- and dyslipidemic subjects and an up-regulation of cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2 only in dyslipidemic subjects could be observed by qRT-PCR analysis. Conclusions Supplementation of normo- and dyslipidemic subjects with n-3 PUFAs changed the expression of genes related to oxidative processes, which may suggest antioxidative and potential cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs. Further studies combining genetic and metabolic endpoints are needed to verify the regulative effects of n-3 PUFAs in antioxidative gene expression to better understand their beneficial effects in health and disease prevention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT01089231)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schmidt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Stahl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Callinstr 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Mutz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Callinstr 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Callinstr 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Manea A, Manea SA, Florea IC, Luca CM, Raicu M. Positive regulation of NADPH oxidase 5 by proinflammatory-related mechanisms in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1497-507. [PMID: 22348975 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase Nox5 subtype expression is significantly increased in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) underlying fibro-lipid atherosclerotic lesions. The mechanisms that up-regulate Nox5 are not understood. Consequently, we characterized the promoter of the human Nox5 gene and investigated the role of various proinflammatory transcription factors in the regulation of Nox5 in human aortic SMCs. The Nox5 promoter was cloned in the pGL3 basic reporter vector. Functional analysis was done employing 5' deletion mutants to identify the sequences necessary to effect high levels of expression in SMCs. Transcriptional initiation site was detected by rapid amplification of the 5'-cDNA ends. In silico analysis indicated the existence of typical NF-kB, AP-1, and STAT1/STAT3 sites. Transient overexpression of p65/NF-kB, c-Jun/AP-1, or STAT1/STAT3 increased significantly the Nox5 promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated the physical interaction of c-Jun/AP-1 and STAT1/STAT3 proteins with the Nox5 promoter. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, real-time PCR, and Western blot assays showed that pharmacological inhibition and the silencing of p65/NF-kB, c-Jun/AP-1, or STAT1/STAT3 reduced significantly the interferon γ-induced Ca(2+)-dependent Nox activity and Nox5 expression. Up-regulated Nox5 correlated with increases in intracellular Ca(2+), an essential condition for Nox5 activity. NF-kB, AP-1, and STAT1/STAT3 are important regulators of Nox5 in SMCs by either direct or indirect mechanisms. Overexpressed Nox5 may generate free radicals in excess, further contributing to SMCs dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Manea
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Nishizawa H, Handayaningsih AE, Iguchi G, Cho Y, Takahashi M, Yamamoto M, Suda K, Kasahara K, Hakuno F, Yamanouchi K, Nishihara M, Seino S, Takahashi SI, Takahashi Y. Enhanced oxidative stress in GH-transgenic rat and acromegaly in humans. Growth Horm IGF Res 2012; 22:64-68. [PMID: 22370764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive oxidative stress plays a causal role in various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Acromegaly is a pathological condition associated with excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and a high prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure; resulting in premature death. We hypothesized that these conditions may be associated with increased oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We explored the oxidative stress levels in the serum and tissues of GH-transgenic rats as an animal model for acromegaly. We also measured the oxidative stress levels in the serum of patients with acromegaly and age-, sex-, and BMI-matched control subjects. We examined the effects of GH and IGF-I on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in C2C12 myocytes. RESULTS The levels of an oxidative stress marker, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased in the GH-transgenic rats. Further, tissue oxidative stress damage was enhanced in the cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in the aorta of the GH-transgenic rats. In addition, serum TBARS levels and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were increased in acromegaly in humans. IGF-I but not GH induced ROS production in C2C12 myocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the increased levels of IGF-I are associated with enhanced oxidative stress in rats and humans. In addition, increased ROS may play an important role in the complications and premature death in acromegaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wu WB, Hung DK, Chang FW, Ong ET, Chen BH. Anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of flavonoids isolated from Lycium barbarum Linnaeus on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Food Funct 2012; 3:1068-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
71
|
Hitsumoto T. Clinical Significance of the Augmentation Index in Patients with Preserved Kidney Function. J NIPPON MED SCH 2012; 79:422-9. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.79.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
72
|
Takeshima H, Kobayashi N, Koguchi W, Ishikawa M, Sugiyama F, Ishimitsu T. Cardioprotective effect of a combination of Rho-kinase inhibitor and p38 MAPK inhibitor on cardiovascular remodeling and oxidative stress in Dahl rats. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 19:326-36. [PMID: 22166971 DOI: 10.5551/jat.11114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Rho-kinase plays a critical role in various cellular functions. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) plays a central role in the inflammatory cytokine response to immune challenge. We evaluated the effects of a combination of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, and FR167653, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, on cardiovascular remodeling, inflammation, and oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive (DS) rats. METHODS DS and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats were fed a high-salt diet at 6 weeks of age. Vehicle, fasudil (100 mg/kg per day), FR167653 (2 mg/kg per day), and a combination of fasudil and FR167653 were administered to 6-week-old DS rats for 5 weeks. RESULTS At the age of 11 weeks, in the left ventricle, DS rats were characterized by increased myocardial fibrosis, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), and NAD(P)H oxidase p22(phox), p47(phox), gp91(phox), tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression compared with DR rats. Fasudil improved cardiovascular remodeling, inflammation, NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and MYPT-1. FR167653 also similarly ameliorated these indices but not MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Compared with either agent alone, a combination of fasudil and FR167653 was more effective for the improvement of myocardial damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the Rho-kinase and p38 MAPK pathways may play a pivotal role in ventricular hypertrophy; thus, we obtained the first evidence that a combination of Rho-kinase inhibitor and p38 MAPK inhibitor may provide a potential therapeutic target in hypertension with cardiovascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takeshima
- Department of Hypertension and Cardiorenal Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
Oxidatively damaged DNA is implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases as well as aging. Several methods have been developed to detect oxidatively damaged DNA. They include chromatographic techniques, the Comet assay, (32)P-postlabelling and immunochemical methods that use antibodies to detect oxidized lesions. In this review, we discuss the detection of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-29-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), the most abundant oxidized nucleoside. This lesion is frequently used as a marker of exposure to oxidants, including environmental pollutants, as well as a potential marker of disease progression. We concentrate on studies published between the years 2000 and 2011 that used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry to detect 8-oxodG in humans, laboratory animals and in cell lines. Oxidative damage observed in these organisms resulted from disease, exposure to environmental pollutants or from in vitro treatment with various chemical and physical factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rossner
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Abstract
Understanding and consequently treating neuropathic pain effectively is a challenge for modern medicine, as unlike inflammation, which can be controlled relatively well, chronic pain due to nerve injury is refractory to most current therapeutics. Here we define a target pathway for a new class of analgesics, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis and metabolism. BH4 is an essential co-factor in the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine and nitric oxide and as a result, its availability influences many systems, including neurons. Following peripheral nerve damage, levels of BH4 are dramatically increased in sensory neurons, consequently this has a profound effect on the physiology of these cells, causing increased activity and pain hypersensitivity. These changes are principally due to the upregulation of the rate limiting enzyme for BH4 synthesis GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). A GCH1 pain-protective haplotype which decreases pain levels in a variety of settings, by reducing the levels of endogenous activation of this enzyme, has been characterized in humans. Here we define the control of BH4 homeostasis and discuss the consequences of large perturbations within this system, both negatively via genetic mutations and after pathological increases in the production of this cofactor that result in chronic pain. We explain the nature of the GCH1 reduced-function haplotype and set out the potential for a ' BH4 blocking' drug as a novel analgesic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alban Latremoliere
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 12260, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 12260, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Caporali A, Emanueli C. MicroRNA regulation in angiogenesis. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 55:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
76
|
Abstract
As atherosclerosis is still one of the major causes of death in Western populations, it is important to identify those individuals who are at increased risk for the disease so that aggressive treatment may be administered as early as possible. Following the understanding that oxidative stress has a pivotal role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, many polymorphisms in genes that are related to redox systems were examined for their association with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although many polymorphisms were studied, only a handful showed consistent relevance to CVD in different trials. This article focuses on six of these polymorphisms, examining their effect on the risk for CVD as well as their effect on protein expression and function. Reports regarding pharmacogenetic implications of these polymorphisms, where such exist, are discussed as well.
Collapse
|
77
|
Ishigami N, Isoda K, Adachi T, Niida T, Kujiraoka T, Hakuno D, Kondo H, Kusuhara M, Ohsuzu F. Deficiency of CuZn superoxide dismutase promotes inflammation and alters medial structure following vascular injury. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:1009-17. [PMID: 21946535 DOI: 10.5551/jat.9324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The anti-oxidant enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) metabolizes superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in vascular cells. However, the role of CuZnSOD in vascular injury remains poorly understood. METHODS Using CuZnSOD-deficient (CuZnSOD(-/-)) mice and wild-type (WT) mice, we investigated morphometric changes and the role of O(2)(-) in vascular remodeling after femoral artery injury induced by an external vascular cuff model. RESULTS Three days post-injury, inflammatory cell infiltration increased significantly. Moreover, the percent positive area of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in media were higher in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice than in WT mice (TNF-α: 34.8±8.4% versus 18.8±5.6%, p < 0.05, ICAM-1: 29.6±6.5% versus 11.0±2.8%, p < 0.05, VCAM-1: 23.5±7.5% versus 3.7±1.1%, p < 0.05). mRNA expression of iNOS was markedly increased in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice with cuff injury. Dihydroethidine staining revealed increased levels of vascular O(2)(-) in media from CuZnSOD(-/-) mice. Although neointimal formation remained unchanged, 14 days postinjury, we observed degeneration of the media, and the media/vessel wall ratio increased in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice (40.4±2.1% versus 26.8±1.4%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, SMemb/MHC-B-stained lesions increased markedly in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS CuZnSOD-deficiency promoted inflammation, expressed adhesion molecules, and altered the structure of the media post-injury. Our results suggest that O(2)(-) participates importantly in the progression of early stage vascular inflammation, resulting in vascular remodeling in media but not neointimal formation, post-injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Ishigami
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Siqueira R, Campos C, Colombo R, Becker CU, Fernandes TRG, Araújo ASR, Belló-Klein A. Influence of estrogen on pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of oxidative stress. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:543-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Siqueira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - C. Campos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - R. Colombo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - C. U. Becker
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - T. R. G. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - A. S. R. Araújo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - A. Belló-Klein
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Suminska-Jasinska K, Polubinska A, Ciszewicz M, Mikstacki A, Antoniewicz A, Breborowicz A. Sulodexide reduces senescence-related changes in human endothelial cells. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:CR222-6. [PMID: 21455109 PMCID: PMC3539523 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Senescent endothelial cells acquire functional properties that make the vascular wall more prone to atherosclerotic changes. We tested whether senescence of the endothelial cells maintained in in vitro culture can be moderated by their simultaneous exposure to sulodexide. Material/Methods Replicative aging of the endothelial cells was studied during their 15 passages performed every 4 days in cells cultured in standard medium or in medium supplemented with sulodexide 0.5 LRU/mL. Changes in population doubling time and β-galactosidase activity were used as indexes of aging and compared with other cellular parameters. Results Repeated passages of endothelial cells induce their senescence, as reflected by prolongation of the population doubling time, increased β-galactosidase activity, oxidative stress and release of cytokines. Healing of the injured endothelial monolayer is impaired in senescent cells. Sulodexide partially prevents oxidative stress and totally eliminates other senescence-related changes such as increased release of MCP-1, lengthening of the population doubling time, and impaired healing of the cellular monolayer after its mechanical injury. Conclusions Sulodexide prevented cellular senescence in cultured endothelial cells, moderating features of the cellular senescence in endothelial cells in in vitro conditions, which potentially may have practical application. The administration of sulodexide could potentially be used in prevention of atherosclerotic changes.
Collapse
|
80
|
Berger S, Lavie L. Endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular disease and hypoxia--potential implications to obstructive sleep apnea. Transl Res 2011; 158:1-13. [PMID: 21708351 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have gained a central role in vascular regeneration and endothelial repair capacity through angiogenesis and restoring endothelial function of injured blood vessels. These bone-marrow-derived cells are capable of promoting neovascularization, improving blood perfusion, and facilitating the recovery of ischemic tissues through differentiation into functional endothelial cells and secretion of angiogenic mediators. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of intermittent hypoxia (IH), which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, as well as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, IH also may contribute to cardioprotection and the development of collateral vessels by mobilizing progenitor cells to the circulation and damaged myocardium. Accumulating evidence in recent years suggests that EPCs are decreased in patients with endothelial dysfunction and underlie an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity in OSA. The current review highlights the potential role of EPCs in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases that is pertinent to OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Slava Berger
- Lloyd Rigler Sleep Apnea Research Laboratory, Unit of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Soardo G, Donnini D, Domenis L, Catena C, De Silvestri D, Cappello D, Dibenedetto A, Carnelutti A, Bonasia V, Pagano C, Sechi LA. Oxidative stress is activated by free fatty acids in cultured human hepatocytes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011; 9:397-401. [PMID: 21561340 DOI: 10.1089/met.2010.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated to oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. Hepatocytes overloaded with fatty acids (FA) could generate substances that interfere with endothelial function, providing a potential explanation for this association. We have investigated the response of cultured human hepatoblastoma cells (Hep-G2) that were exposed to FA by measuring markers of oxidative stress and thrombosis and expression of the insulin receptor. METHODS Hep-G2 cells were conditioned with a mixture of FA with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), or adiponectin (ADN). After 7 days, we measured intracellular GSH (iGSH), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tissue plasminogen inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and insulin receptor (INS-R). RESULTS Exposure to FA decreased iGSH and NO levels in Hep-G2 cells and increased MDA and PAI-1 production. Gene expression of iNOS and INS-R in Hep-G2 cells was decreased by exposure to FA. Co-incubation with NAC and GSH prevented the change of iNOS mRNA levels, but not of INS-R; co-incubation with ADN restored the gene expression of INS-R, but not of i-NOS. ADN prevented also the FA-induced increase in MDA in cultured human endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Exposure to FA activates oxidative stress and production of prothrombotic markers and decreases expression of insulin receptors in cultured human hepatocytes. These effects of FA are partially prevented by ADN and might contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Soardo
- Liver and Hypertension Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy. soardo.giorgio.@aoud.sanita.fvg.it
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Barsotti A, Fabbi P, Fedele M, Garibaldi S, Balbi M, Bezante GP, Risso D, Indiveri F, Ghigliotti G, Brunelli C. Role of advanced oxidation protein products and Thiol ratio in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:605-11. [PMID: 21458436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.03.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify systemically detectable vascular inflammation associated to redox system unbalance, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), formed by HClO reaction with proteins, Thiol levels, and their ratio (AOPP/Thiol ratio) were measured in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated AOPP/Thiol ratio together with CRP and IL-1β in 18 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in 16 unstable angina (UA) patients at admission, and in 16 control subjects (CTR); the measurements were repeated at 1 and at 6 months. RESULTS At admission, AMI and UA patients displayed higher AOPP/Thiol ratio and CRP and IL-1β compared to CTR subjects. A correlation between AOPP/Thiols and IL-1β in AMI was found. At follow-up, in UA only, AOPP/Thiol ratio and IL-1β levels still remained high. CONCLUSIONS The AOPP/Thiol ratio seems to affect the inflammatory process in ACS, and may represent a reliable marker of oxidative unbalance in this setting of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barsotti
- Re-infarction Prevention Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Michel JB, Virmani R, Arbustini E, Pasterkamp G. Intraplaque haemorrhages as the trigger of plaque vulnerability. Eur Heart J 2011; 32:1977-85, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c. [PMID: 21398643 PMCID: PMC3155759 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombosis remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the western countries. Human atherothrombotic disease begins early in life in relation to circulating lipid retention in the inner vascular wall. Risk factors enhance the progression towards clinical expression: dyslipidaemia, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, ageing, etc. The evolution from the initial lipid retention in the arterial wall to clinical events is a continuum of increasingly complex biological processes. Current strategies to fight the consequences of atherothrombosis are orientated either towards the promotion of a healthy life style and preventive treatment of risk factors, or towards late interventional strategies. Despite this therapeutic arsenal, the incidence of clinical events remains dramatically high, dependent, at least in part, on the increasing frequency of type 2 diabetes and ageing. But some medical treatments, focusing only on prevention of the metabolic risk, have failed to reduce cardiovascular mortality, thus illustrating that our understanding of the pathophysiology of human atherothrombosis leading to clinical events remain incomplete. New paradigms are now emerging which may give rise to novel experimental strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy and prediction of disease progression. Recent studies strengthen the concept that the intraplaque neovascularization and bleeding (Figure 1, upper panel) are events that could play a major role in plaque progression and leucocyte infiltration, and may also serve as a measure of risk for the development of future events. The recent advances in our understanding of IntraPlaque Hemorrhage as a critical event in triggering acute clinical events have important implications for clinical research and possibly future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Michel
- UMR 698 Inserm, Paris 7-Denis Diderot University, Xavier Bichat Hospital, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Ueda S, Yamagishi SI, Matsui T, Noda Y, Ueda SI, Jinnouchi Y, Sasaki KI, Takeuchi M, Imaizumi T. Serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are inversely associated with the number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in apparently healthy subjects. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 30:249-54. [PMID: 21884000 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to participate in the process of vascular repair, thus playing a protective role against cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is known that atherosclerotic risk factors could affect EPC number and function. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as well. However, as far as we know, there is no report to show the relationship between serum AGE levels and circulating EPCs in humans. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether serum level of AGEs was associated with EPC number and functions in apparently healthy subjects, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Apparently healthy volunteers (34.6 ± 6.9 years old, 40 males and 8 females) who were not on any medications underwent a complete history and physical examination, determination of blood chemistries, including AGEs, and number, differentiation and migratory activity of circulating EPCs. RESULTS Serum AGEs levels were 9.20 ± 1.85 U/mL. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that serum levels of AGEs and smoking were independently correlated with reduced number of EPCs. Further, female, AGEs, and reduced HDL-cholesterol levels were independently associated with impaired migratory activity of circulating EPCs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated for the first time that the serum level of AGEs was one of the independent correlates of decreased cell number and impaired migratory activity of circulating EPCs in apparently healthy subjects. Our present observations suggest that even in young healthy subjects, serum level of AGEs may be a biomarker that could predict the progression of atherosclerosis and future cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Yang TL, Lin FY, Chen YH, Chiu JJ, Shiao MS, Tsai CS, Lin SJ, Chen YL. Salvianolic acid B inhibits low-density lipoprotein oxidation and neointimal hyperplasia in endothelium-denuded hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:134-141. [PMID: 20824680 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis and restenosis are inflammatory responses involving free radicals and lipid peroxidation and may be prevented/cured by antioxidant-mediated lipid peroxidation inhibition. Salvianolic acid (Sal B), a water-soluble antioxidant obtained from a Chinese medicinal herb, is believed to have multiple preventive and therapeutic effects against human vascular diseases. In this study the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of Sal B on oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), Sal B reduced oxidative stress, inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and reduced oxidised LDL-induced cytotoxicity. Sal B inhibited Cu(2+) -induced LDL oxidation in vitro (with a potency 16.3 times that of probucol) and attenuated HAEC-mediated LDL oxidation as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits (with probucol as positive control), Sal B intake reduced Cu(2+) -induced LDL oxidation, lipid deposition in the thoracic aorta, intimal thickness of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta and neointimal formation in the abdominal aorta. CONCLUSION The data obtained in this study suggest that Sal B protects HAECs from oxidative injury-mediated cell death via inhibition of ROS production. The antioxidant activity of Sal B may help explain its efficacy in the treatment of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lin Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Lee BC, Gladyshev VN. The biological significance of methionine sulfoxide stereochemistry. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:221-7. [PMID: 21075204 PMCID: PMC3311537 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methionine can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species to a mixture of two diastereomers, methionine-S-sulfoxide and methionine-R-sulfoxide. Both free amino acid and protein-based forms of methionine-S-sulfoxide are stereospecifically reduced by MsrA, whereas the reduction of methionine-R-sulfoxide requires two enzymes, MsrB and fRMsr, which act on its protein-based and free amino acid forms, respectively. However, mammals lack fRMsr and are characterized by deficiency in the reduction of free methionine-R-sulfoxide. The biological significance of such biased reduction of methionine sulfoxide has not been fully explored. MsrA and MsrB activities decrease during aging, leading to accumulation of protein-based and free amino acid forms of methionine sulfoxide. Since methionine is an indispensible amino acid in human nutrition and a key metabolite in sulfur, methylation, and transsulfuration pathways, the consequences of accumulation of its oxidized forms require further studies. Finally, in addition to methionine, methylsulfinyl groups are present in various drugs and natural compounds, and their differential reduction by Msrs may have important therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Cheon Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Mahmud I, Rahman Z, Keka SI, Devnath S, Masum N, Hossain S. Hyperphosphataemia Is Associated with the Diabetes-related Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Oleo Sci 2011; 60:79-85. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.60.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
88
|
Worthmann H, Chen S, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Li N, Deb M, Tryc AB, Goldbecker A, Dong Q, Kielstein JT, Bode-Böger SM, Weissenborn K. High Plasma Dimethylarginine Levels are Associated with Adverse Clinical Outcome After Stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:753-61. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.8144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
89
|
Mo ZC, Xiao J, Liu XH, Hu YW, Li XX, Yi GH, Wang Z, Tang YL, Liao DF, Tang CK. AOPPs Inhibits Cholesterol Efflux by Down-regulating ABCA1 Expression in a JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway-Dependent Manner. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:796-807. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
90
|
NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species: involvement in vascular physiology and pathology. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 342:325-39. [PMID: 21052718 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential mediators of normal cell physiology. However, in the last few decades, it has become evident that ROS overproduction and/or alterations of the antioxidant system associated with inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are key pathological triggers of cardiovascular disorders. NADPH oxidases (Nox) represent a class of hetero-oligomeric enzymes whose primary function is the generation of ROS. In the vasculature, Nox-derived ROS contribute to the maintenance of vascular tone and regulate important processes such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal organization, and cell migration. Under pathological conditions, excessive Nox-dependent ROS formation, which is generally associated with the up-regulation of different Nox subtypes, induces dysregulation of the redox control systems and promotes oxidative injury of the cardiovascular cells. The molecular mechanism of Nox-derived ROS generation and the means by which this class of molecule contributes to vascular damage remain debatable issues. This review focuses on the processes of ROS formation, molecular targets, and neutralization in the vasculature and provides an overview of the novel concepts regarding Nox functions, expression, and regulation in vascular health and disease. Because Nox enzymes are the most important sources of ROS in the vasculature, therapeutic perspectives to counteract Nox-dependent oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system are discussed.
Collapse
|
91
|
Hemodynamic forces in endothelial dysfunction and vascular aging. Exp Gerontol 2010; 46:185-8. [PMID: 20888896 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a key risk factor associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. Notably, vascular aging and cardiovascular disease are both associated with endothelial dysfunction, or a marked decrease in production and bioavailability the vasodilator of nitric oxide (NO). As a result of decreased nitric oxide availability, aging vessels often exhibit endothelial cell senescence and increased oxidative stress. One of the most potent activators of NO production is fluid shear stress produced by blood flow. Interestingly, age-related decrease in NO production partially results from endothelial insensitivity to shear stress. While the endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress has been well characterized in recent years, the exact mechanisms of how the mechanical force of fluid shear stress is converted into intracellular biochemical signals are relatively unknown. Therefore, gaining a better knowledge of mechanosignaling events in endothelial cells may prove to be beneficial for developing potential therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
92
|
Haschke-Becher E, Kirchheiner J, Trummer O, Grünbacher G, Kainz A, Boehm BO, März W, Renner W. Impact of CYP2C8 and 2C9 polymorphisms on coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in the LURIC cohort. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 11:1359-65. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: As data on the cardiovascular risk associated with CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms is controversial, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of subjects enrolled in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Materials & methods: CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms were determined with real-time PCR in 2827 patients. Based on angiography, 1052 of these patients had coronary artery disease (CAD) and 615 did not; 1160 patients had signs or a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in addition to CAD. The association of genotypes with CAD and MI was determined by logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking status. Results: Frequencies of CYP2C8 and 2C9 variants were neither significantly different between CAD and control patients, nor between MI and control patients. Men carrying the CYP2C9*3 allele had an increased risk of MI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.06–2.63; p = 0.03) and women carrying the CYP2C9*3 allele had a decreased risk of CAD (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.42–0.9; p = 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, LURIC data confirmed that there is no major cardiovascular risk associated with CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 variants in a cardiovascular risk population of patients having undergone coronary angiography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Haschke-Becher
- Institute of Medical & Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Elisabethinen Hospital, Fadingerstraße 1, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Julia Kirchheiner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, University Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 20, 89081 Ulm, German
| | - Olivia Trummer
- Clinical Institute of Medical & Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerda Grünbacher
- Clinical Institute of Medical & Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kainz
- Department of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical & Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Synlab Center of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wasserturmstraße 71, 69214 Eppelheim, Germany
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical & Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Abstract
Peroxisomes are multifunctional organelles with an important role in the generation and decomposition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, the ROS-producing enzymes, as well as the antioxidative defense system in mammalian peroxisomes, are described. In addition, various conditions leading to disturbances in peroxisomal ROS metabolism, such as abnormal peroxisomal biogenesis, hypocatalasemia, and proliferation of peroxisomes are discussed. We also review the role of mammalian peroxisomes in some physiological and pathological processes involving ROS that lead to mitochondrial abnormalities, defects in cell proliferation, and alterations in the central nervous system, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and aging. Antioxid.
Collapse
|
94
|
Yang J, Marriner GA, Wang X, Bowman PD, Kerwin SM, Stavchansky S. Synthesis of a series of caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA) fluorinated derivatives: comparison of cytoprotective effects to caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5032-8. [PMID: 20598894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of catechol ring-fluorinated derivatives of caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA) were synthesized and screened for cytoprotective activity against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). CAPA and three fluorinated analogs were found to be significantly cytoprotective when compared to control, with no significant difference in cytoprotection between caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and CAPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Yang
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Hashimoto R, Umemoto S, Guo F, Umeji K, Itoh S, Kishi H, Kobayashi S, Matsuzaki M. Nifedipine activates PPARgamma and exerts antioxidative action through Cu/ZnSOD independent of blood-pressure lowering in SHRSP. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:785-95. [PMID: 20460829 DOI: 10.5551/jat.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It has been shown that the calcium antagonist nifedipine upregulates superoxide dismutase (SOD). Although the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response element is located in the promoter region of Cu/ZnSOD, it remains unclear whether nifedipine upregulates PPARs and inhibits vascular remodeling. We hypothesthized that nifedipine activates PPARgamma, inhibits vascular remodeling, and improves vascular function in hypertension. METHODS Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were treated with vehicle, nifedipine, and PPARgamma selective antagonist GW9662 with nifedipine. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure in the three SHRSP groups was higher (p <0.01), and the left ventricular weight/body weight ratio was greater (p <0.01) than in the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) group with no differences observed among the three SHRSP groups. In the SHRSP heart, nifedipine significantly inhibited intramyocardial arterial remodeling and perivascular fibrosis, and reduced oxidative stress, while it significantly restored adiponectin and the smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype, and selectively restored PPARgamma and Cu/ZnSOD expression/activities to their levels in the WKY rat heart. Furthermore, nifedipine induced a dose-dependent increase in PPARgamma expression in cultured vascular SMCs. These effects of nifedipine were completely abolished by the co-administration of GW9662 with nifedipine. Nifedipine treatment significantly improved acetylcholine-induced relaxation by 27% compared with the vehicle SHRSP group, but it was still significantly impaired by 20% compared with the WKY group. CONCLUSIONS Nifedipine may inhibit vascular remodeling and improve vascular function by selective activation of PPARgamma through the activation of Cu/ZnSOD in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hashimoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
|