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Becker CU, Sartório CL, Campos-Carraro C, Siqueira R, Colombo R, Zimmer A, Belló-Klein A. Exercise training decreases oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1330-1338. [PMID: 32449880 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1769679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exercise training on oxidative stress in gastrocnemius of rats with pulmonary hypertension were studied. Four groups were established: sedentary control (SC), sedentary monocrotaline (SM), trained control (TC), trained monocrotaline (TM). Exercise was applied for 4 weeks, 5 days/week, 50-60 min/session, at 60% of VO2 max. Right ventricular (RV) pressures were measured, heart and gastrocnemius were removed for morphometric/biochemical analysis. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), H2O2, GSH/GSSG, and activity/expression of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. Increased RV hypertrophy, systolic and end-diastolic pressures (RVEDP) were observed in SM animals, and the RVEDP was decreased in TM vs. SM. H2O2, SOD-1, and LPO were higher in the SM group than in SC. In TM, H2O2 was further increased when compared to SM, with a rise in antioxidant defences and a decrease in LPO. GSH/GSSG was higher only in the TC group. Exercise induced an efficient antioxidant adaptation, preventing oxidative damage to lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- C U Becker
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C L Sartório
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
| | - C Campos-Carraro
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Siqueira
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Colombo
- Pharmacology and Physiology Laboratory, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - A Zimmer
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Belló-Klein
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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2
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Zimmer A, Teixeira RB, Bonetto JHP, Bahr AC, Türck P, de Castro AL, Campos-Carraro C, Visioli F, Fernandes-Piedras TR, Casali KR, Scassola CMC, Baldo G, Araujo AS, Singal P, Belló-Klein A. Role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and autonomic nervous system activation during the development of right and left cardiac remodeling in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:93-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Fernandes FA, Dutra BK, Mosele F, Araujo ASR, Ferreira GD, Belló-Klein A, Kucharski LC, Vinagre AS, Da Silva RSM. Redox and metabolic strategies developed by anterior and posterior gills of the crab Neohelice granulata after short periods of hypo- or hyper-osmotic stress. Sci Total Environ 2018; 639:457-464. [PMID: 29800839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the response pattern of redox balance, Na+/K+ATPase activity and HSP70 expression in the posterior and anterior gills of the crab Neohelice granulata submitted to hypo- or hyper-osmotic stress for 1 h and 6 h. After 1 h of either type of osmotic stress, there was an increase in catalase activity, but a decrease in GSSG/GSH ratio (oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio) and Na+/K+ATPase activity in both gill sets. H2O2 levels decreased only in the posterior gills. H2O2 levels and Na+/K+ATPase activity remained reduced after 6 h of exposure to either type of osmotic stress in both gill sets. The GSSG/GSH ratio returned to initial levels after 6 h of hyper-osmotic stress, whereas it increased 10 times in both gill sets after hypo-osmotic stress. Furthermore, HSP70 protein expression increased in posterior gills after 6 h of hypo-osmotic stress. H2O2 levels in tank water decreased after hypo-osmotic challenge and increased after 6 h of hyper-osmotic stress, indicating increased H2O2 excretion. Therefore, N. granulata gills have redox, metabolic and molecular strategies to deal with rapid osmotic challenges, an important environmental parameter that influences juvenile and adult crab distribution and abundance within different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Fernandes
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada (LAMEC), Departamento de Fisiologia, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Laboratório de Ictiologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha - Campus São Vicente do Sul (IFFAR), Brazil
| | - B K Dutra
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha - Campus São Vicente do Sul (IFFAR), Brazil
| | - F Mosele
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - A S R Araujo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - G D Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Brazil
| | - A Belló-Klein
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICBS, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - L C Kucharski
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada (LAMEC), Departamento de Fisiologia, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - A S Vinagre
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada (LAMEC), Departamento de Fisiologia, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil.
| | - R S M Da Silva
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada (LAMEC), Departamento de Fisiologia, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
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Couto GK, Fernandes RO, Lacerda D, Campos-Carraro C, Türck P, Bianchi SE, Ferreira GD, Brum IS, Bassani VL, Belló-Klein A, Araujo ASR. Profile of pterostilbene-induced redox homeostasis modulation in cardiac myoblasts and heart tissue. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Riffel APK, Santos MCQ, de Souza JA, Scheid T, Horst A, Kolberg C, Belló-Klein A, Partata WA. Treatment with ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol modulates oxidative-stress markers in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29513797 PMCID: PMC5856434 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20177097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E (vit. E) and vitamin C (vit. C) are antioxidants that inhibit nociception. The effect of these vitamins on oxidative-stress markers in the spinal cord of rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is unknown. This study investigated the effect of intraperitoneal administration of vit. E (15 mg·kg-1·day-1) and vit. C (30 mg·kg-1·day-1), given alone or in combination, on spinal cord oxidative-stress markers in CCI rats. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were divided equally into the following groups: Naive (rats did not undergo surgical manipulation); Sham (rats in which all surgical procedures involved in CCI were used except the ligature), and CCI (rats in which four ligatures were tied loosely around the right common sciatic nerve), which received injections of vitamins or vehicle (saline containing 1% Tween 80) for 3 or 10 days (n=6/each group). The vitamins prevented the reduction in total thiol content and the increase in superoxide-anion generation that were found in vehicle-treated CCI rats. While nitric-oxide metabolites increased in vehicle-treated CCI rats 3 days after surgery, these metabolites did not show significant changes in vitamin-treated CCI rats. In all rats, total antioxidant capacity and hydrogen-peroxide levels did not change significantly. Lipid hydroperoxides increased 25% only in vehicle-treated CCI rats. These changes may contribute to vit. C- and vit. E-induced antinociception, because scavenging reactive oxygen species seems to help normalize the spinal cord oxidative status altered by pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P K Riffel
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M C Q Santos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - J A de Souza
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - T Scheid
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - A Horst
- UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brasil
| | - C Kolberg
- Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - A Belló-Klein
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - W A Partata
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Mendes RH, Mostarda C, Candido GO, Moraes-Silva IC, D'Almeida V, Belló-Klein A, Irigoyen MC, Rigatto K. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia provokes dysfunction of cardiovascular autonomic system and liver oxidative stress in rats. Auton Neurosci 2013; 180:43-7. [PMID: 24231341 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and reactive oxygen species generation. Thus, our aim was to investigate whether there was an association between HHcy, blood pressure, autonomic control and liver oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups and treated for 8weeks: one group (control, CO) received tap water, while the other group (methionine, ME) was given a 100mg/kg of methionine in water by gavage. Two catheters were implanted into the femoral artery and vein to record arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) and drug administration. Signals were recorded by a data acquisition system. Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by HR responses to AP changes induced by vasoactive drugs. HR variability and AP variability were performed by spectral analysis in time and frequency domains to evaluate the contribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in liver homogenates. The ME group presented a significant increase in systolic arterial pressure (118±9 vs 135±6mmHg), diastolic arterial pressure (81±6 vs. 92±4) and mean arterial pressure (95±7 vs. 106±6). In addition, pulse interval variability presented a significant decrease (41%), while the low frequency component of AP was significantly increased (delta P=6.24mmHg(2)) in the ME group. We also found a positive association between lipid peroxidation and cardiac sympathetic modulation, sympathetic and vagal modulation ratio and systolic pressure variability. Collectively, these findings showed that HHcy induced dysfunction of cardiovascular autonomic system and liver oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Mendes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Mostarda
- Hospital Materno Infantil, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil; Unidade de Hipertensão, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G O Candido
- Unidade de Hipertensão, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I C Moraes-Silva
- Unidade de Hipertensão, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Santo Amaro, Brazil
| | - V D'Almeida
- Departamento de Biociências, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil
| | - A Belló-Klein
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M C Irigoyen
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Unidade de Hipertensão, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Rigatto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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7
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Bernardes N, Brito JO, Fernandes TG, Llesuy SF, Irigoyen MC, Belló-Klein A, De Angelis K. Pleiotropic effects of simvastatin in physically trained ovariectomized rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:447-53. [PMID: 23739748 PMCID: PMC3854401 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that simvastatin treatment can improve
cardiovascular and autonomic functions and membrane lipoperoxidation, with an
increased effect when applied to physically trained ovariectomized rats.
Ovariectomized rats were divided into sedentary, sedentary+simvastatin and
trained+simvastatin groups (n = 8 each). Exercise training was
performed on a treadmill for 8 weeks and simvastatin (5 mg/kg) was
administered in the last 2 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded in conscious
animals. Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by the tachycardic and bradycardic
responses to BP changes. Cardiac vagal and sympathetic effects were determined
using methylatropine and propranolol. Oxidative stress was evaluated based on
heart and liver lipoperoxidation using the chemiluminescence method. The
simvastatin-treated groups presented reduced body weight and mean BP
(trained+simvastatin = 99 ± 2 and sedentary+simvastatin
= 107 ± 2 mmHg) compared to the sedentary group (122
± 1 mmHg). Furthermore, the trained group showed lower BP and
heart rate compared to the other groups. Tachycardic and bradycardic responses
were enhanced in both simvastatin-treated groups. The vagal effect was increased
in the trained+simvastatin group and the sympathetic effect was decreased
in the sedentary+simvastatin group. Hepatic lipoperoxidation was reduced in
sedentary+simvastatin (≈21%) and trained+simvastatin
groups (≈57%) compared to the sedentary group. Correlation
analysis involving all animals demonstrated that cardiac lipoperoxidation was
negatively related to the vagal effect (r = -0.7) and positively
correlated to the sympathetic effect (r = 0.7). In conclusion,
improvement in cardiovascular and autonomic functions associated with a
reduction of lipoperoxidation with simvastatin treatment was increased in
trained ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bernardes
- Universidade Nove de Julho-UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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8
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Baraldi D, Casali K, Fernandes RO, Campos C, Sartório C, Conzatti A, Couto GK, Schenkel PC, Belló-Klein A, Araujo ARS. The role of AT1-receptor blockade on reactive oxygen species and cardiac autonomic drive in experimental hyperthyroidism. Auton Neurosci 2013; 177:163-9. [PMID: 23623788 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the influence of the renin-angiotensin system on cardiac prooxidants and antioxidants levels and its association to autonomic imbalance induced by hyperthyroidism. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, losartan (10mg/kg/day by gavage, 28 day), thyroxine (T4) (12 mg/L in drinking water for 28 days), and T4+losartan. Spectral analysis (autonomic balance), angiotensin II receptor (AT1R), NADPH oxidase, Nrf2 and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) myocardial protein expression, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration were quantified. Autonomic imbalance induced by hyperthyroidism (~770%) was attenuated in the T4+losartan group (~32%) (P<0.05). AT1R, NADPH oxidase, H2O2, as well as concentration, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression were elevated (~172%, 43%, 40%, 133%, and 154%, respectively) in T4 group (P<0.05). H2O2 and HO-1 levels were returned to control values in the T4+losartan group (P<0.05). The overall results demonstrate a positive impact of RAS blockade in the autonomic control of heart rate, which was associated with an attenuation of H2O2 levels, as well as with a reduced counter-regulatory response of HO-1 in experimental hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baraldi
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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9
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Fernandes RO, Dreher GJ, Schenkel PC, Fernandes TRG, Ribeiro MFM, Araujo ASR, Belló-Klein A. Redox status and pro-survival/pro-apoptotic protein expression in the early cardiac hypertrophy induced by experimental hyperthyroidism. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 29:617-23. [PMID: 21989893 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyse the redox status and redox-sensitive proteins that may contribute to a non-genomic mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy induction by hyperthyroidism. Wistar rats, treated with L-thyroxine (T4) during 2 weeks (12 mg·l(-1) in drinking water), presented cardiac hypertrophy (68% higher than control), without signals of liver or lung congestion. Myocardial reduction of the reduced glutathione: oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio (45%) (redox status) and elevation in hydrogen peroxide concentration (H(2) O(2) ) (28%) were observed in hyperthyroid as compared with the control. No significant difference was found in thioredoxin (Trx), Trx reductase activity and Nrf2 (a transcriptional factor) protein expression between groups. Redox-sensitive proteins, quantified using Western blot, presented the following results: increased p-ERK: total extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) (200%) and Bax:Bcl-2 (62%) ratios and reduced total-Akt (63%) and p-Akt (53%) expressions in the hyperthyroid rats as compared with the control. The redox imbalance, associated with increased immunocontent of a protein related to maladaptative growth (ERK) and reduced immunocontent of protein related to cytoprotection/survival (Akt), may suggest that the molecular scenario could favour the decompensation process of cardiac hypertrophy induced by experimental hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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10
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Siqueira R, Campos C, Colombo R, Becker CU, Fernandes TRG, Araújo ASR, Belló-Klein A. Influence of estrogen on pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of oxidative stress. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:543-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Siqueira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - C. Campos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - R. Colombo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - C. U. Becker
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - T. R. G. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - A. S. R. Araújo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
| | - A. Belló-Klein
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular; Departamento de Fisiologia; Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; RS; Brazil
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11
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Araujo ASR, Seibel FER, Oliveira UO, Fernandes T, Llesuy S, Kucharski L, Belló-Klein A. Thyroid hormone-induced haemoglobin changes and antioxidant enzymes response in erythrocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:408-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. R. Araujo
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Physiology Department; Basic Health Sciences Institute at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | - F. E. R. Seibel
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Physiology Department; Basic Health Sciences Institute at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | - U. O. Oliveira
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Physiology Department; Basic Health Sciences Institute at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | - T. Fernandes
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Physiology Department; Basic Health Sciences Institute at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | - S. Llesuy
- Catedra de Quimica General y Inorgánica. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - L. Kucharski
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Physiology Department; Basic Health Sciences Institute at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
| | - A. Belló-Klein
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Physiology Department; Basic Health Sciences Institute at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre; Brazil
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12
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Araujo ASR, Diniz GP, Seibel FER, Branchini G, Ribeiro MFM, Brum IS, Khaper N, Barreto-Chaves MLM, Belló-Klein A. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species balance in the determination of thyroid hormones-induced cardiac hypertrophy mediated by renin-angiotensin system. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 333:78-84. [PMID: 21168472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nitric oxide (NO) balance and renin-angiotensin system in mediating cardiac hypertrophy in hyperthyroidism was evaluated in an in vivo and in vitro experimental model. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, thyroid hormone, vitamin E (or Trolox, its hydrosoluble analogue), thyroid hormone+vitamin E. Angiotensin II receptor (AT1/AT2) gene expression, immunocontent of AT1/AT2 receptors, angiotensinogen, NADPH oxidase (Nox2), and nitric oxide synthase isoforms, as well as ROS concentration (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion) were quantified in myocardium. Thyroid hormone increased ROS and NO metabolites, iNOS, nNOS and eNOS isoforms and it was accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy. AT1/AT2 expression and the immunocontent of angiotensinogen and Nox2 were enhanced by thyroid hormone. Antioxidants reduced ROS levels, Nox2, AT1/AT2, NOS isoforms and cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, ROS/NO balance may play a role in the control of thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy mediated by renin-angiotensin system.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensinogen/analysis
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromans/pharmacology
- Hyperthyroidism/metabolism
- Male
- NADPH Oxidases/analysis
- Nitric Oxide/analysis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Angiotensin/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Thyroid Hormones/pharmacology
- Vitamin E/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A S R Araujo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Torres R, Martins L, Picoral M, Auzani J, Fernandes T, Torres I, Ferreira M, Andrade C, Belló-Klein A, Cardoso P. The Potential Protective Effect of Low Potassium Dextran against Lipid Peroxidation in a Rat Lung Transplantation Model. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 57:309-11. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Silva AMV, Signori LU, Plentz RDM, Moreno H, Barros E, Belló-Klein A, Schaan BD, Irigoyen MC. Hemodialysis improves endothelial venous function in end-stage renal disease. Braz J Med Biol Res 2009; 41:482-8. [PMID: 18622493 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2008000600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the acute effect of hemodialysis on endothelial venous function and oxidative stress. We studied 9 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 36.8 +/- 3.0 years old, arterial pressure 133.8 +/- 6.8/80.0 +/- 5.0 mmHg, time on dialysis 55.0 +/- 16.6 months, immediately before and after a hemodialysis session, and 10 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Endothelial function was assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique using graded local infusion of acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent venodilation, EDV) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent venodilation). Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring protein oxidative damage (carbonyls) and antioxidant defense (total radical trapping antioxidant potential - TRAP) in blood samples. All patients were receiving recombinant human erythropoietin for at least 3 months and were not taking nitrates or a-receptor antagonists. EDV was significantly lower in ESRD patients before hemodialysis (65.6 +/- 10.5) vs controls (109.6 +/- 10.8; P = 0.010) and after hemodialysis (106.6 +/- 15.7; P = 0.045). Endothelium-independent venodilation was similar in all comparisons performed. The hemodialysis session significantly decreased TRAP (402.0 +/- 53.5 vs 157.1 +/- 28.3 U Trolox/microL plasma; P = 0.001). There was no difference in protein damage comparing ESRD patients before and after hemodialysis. The magnitude of change in the EDV was correlated negatively with the magnitude of change in TRAP (r = -0.70; P = 0.037). These results suggest that a hemodialysis session improves endothelial venous function, in association with an antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M V Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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15
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Araujo ASR, Schenkel P, Enzveiler AT, Fernandes TRG, Partata WA, Llesuy S, Ribeiro MFM, Khaper N, Singal PK, Belló-Klein A. The role of redox signaling in cardiac hypertrophy induced by experimental hyperthyroidism. J Mol Endocrinol 2008; 41:423-30. [PMID: 18787053 DOI: 10.1677/jme-08-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test whether oxidative stress activates the intracellular protein kinase B (AKT1) signaling pathway, which culminates with cardiac hypertrophy in experimental hyperthyroidism. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, vitamin E, thyroxine (T(4)), and T(4)+vitamin E. Hyperthyroidism was induced by T(4) administration (12 mg/l in drinking water for 28 days). Vitamin E treatment was given during the same period via s.c. injections (20 mg/kg per day). Morphometric and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated at the end of the 4-week treatment period. Protein oxidation, redox state (reduced glutathione, GSH/glutathione dissulfide, GSSG), vitamin C, total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide metabolites (NO(X)) were measured in heart homogenates. The p-AKT1/AKT1 ratio, p-glycogen-synthase kinase (GSK)3B/GSK3B ratio, FOS, and JUN myocardial protein expression were also quantified by western blot after 4 weeks. Increases in biochemical parameters, such as protein oxidation (41%), H2O2 (62%), and NO(X) (218%), and increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were observed in the T(4) group. T(4) treatment also caused a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio (83%), vitamin C (34%), and TRAP (55%). These alterations were attenuated by vitamin E administration to the hyperthyroid rats. Expression of p-AKT1/AKT1, p-GSK3B/GSK3B, FOS, and JUN were elevated in the T(4) group (by 69, 37, 130, and 33% respectively), whereas vitamin E administration promoted a significant reduction in their expression. These results indicate that oxidative stress plays an important role in cardiac hypertrophy, and suggest redox activation of AKT1 and JUN/FOS signaling pathways with H2O2 acting as a possible intracellular mediator in this adaptive response to experimental hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S R Araujo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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16
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Di Pietro PF, Medeiros NI, Vieira FGK, Fausto MA, Belló-Klein A. Breast cancer in southern Brazil: association with past dietary intake. NUTR HOSP 2007; 22:565-572. [PMID: 17970540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine possible associations between the risk of breast cancer in Brazilian women and demographic, social and economical variables, and past dietary intake. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between june and november 2003 involving a group of 33 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer and a control group of 33 healthy women volunteers. Personal details, health history and past dietary intake were obtained via questionnaires and interviews. Data between groups were compared using chi2, Fisher, and Student's t test, whilst associations were evaluated using a non-conditional logistic regression method and odds ratio (OR). RESULTS Statistically significant differences between the two groups were revealed with respect to age distribution (P = 0.007), family income level (P = 0.02), educational level (P < 0.0001) and attainment of menopause (P < 0.0001). After adjustment, with regard to family income level, of the data concerning past dietary intake, the consumption of pig lard (OR = 6.32) and fatty red meat (OR = 3.48) were found to be associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer. The regular ingestion of apples (OR = 0.30), watermelons (OR = 0.31), tomatoes (OR = 0.16), plain cakes (OR = 0.30) and desserts (OR = 0.20) afforded some degree of protection against the development of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Age (> 45 years), low family income (< $520/month), poor educational level (primary school level or lower) and past regular consumption of pork fat and fatty meat may be factors associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Di Pietro
- Pos-Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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17
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Araujo ASR, Enzveiler AT, Schenkel P, Fernandes TRG, Ribeiro MFM, Partata WA, Llesuy S, Belló-Klein A. Oxidative stress activates insulin-like growth factor I receptor protein expression, mediating cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyroxine. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 303:89-95. [PMID: 17447016 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroxine can cause cardiac hypertrophy by activating growth factors, such as IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-I). Since oxidative stress is enhanced in the hyperthyroidism, it would control protein expression involved in this hypertrophy. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (I) control, (II) vitamin E-supplemented (20 mg/kg/day subcutaneous), (III) hyperthyroid (thyroxine 12 mg/l, in drinking water), and (IV) hyperthyroid + vitamin E. After 4 weeks, the contractility and relaxation indexes of left ventricle (LV), and cardiac mass were increased by 54%, 60%, and 60%, respectively, in hyperthyroid group. An increase in lipid peroxidation (around 40%), and a decrease in total glutathione (by 20%) was induced by thyroxine and avoided by vitamin E administration. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were increased (by 83% and 54%, respectively) in hyperthyroid, and vitamin E avoided changes in SOD. Protein expression of SOD, GST, and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) were increased (by 87%, 84%, and 60%, respectively) by thyroxine, and vitamin E promoted a significant reduction in SOD and IGF-IR expression (by 36% and 17%, respectively). These results indicate that oxidative stress is involved in cardiac hypertrophy, and suggest a role for IGF-IR as a mediator of this adaptive response in experimental hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S R Araujo
- Departamento Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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Biolo A, Rosa AS, Mazzotti NG, Martins S, Belló-Klein A, Rohde LE, Clausell N. The role of adrenergic receptor polymorphisms in heart failure. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:1281-90. [PMID: 17053838 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006001000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of the cardiac adrenergic system is to regulate cardiac work both in physiologic and pathologic states. A better understanding of this system has permitted the elucidation of its role in the development and progression of heart failure. Regardless of the initial insult, depressed cardiac output results in sympathetic activation. Adrenergic receptors provide a limiting step to this activation and their sustained recruitment in chronic heart failure has proven to be deleterious to the failing heart. This concept has been confirmed by examining the effect of beta-blockers on the progression of heart failure. Studies of adrenergic receptor polymorphisms have recently focused on their impact on the adrenergic system regarding its adaptive mechanisms, susceptibilities and pharmacological responses. In this article, we review the function of the adrenergic system and its maladaptive responses in heart failure. Next, we discuss major adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and their consequences for heart failure risk, progression and prognosis. Finally, we discuss possible therapeutic implications resulting from the understanding of polymorphisms and the identification of individual genetic characteristics.
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MESH Headings
- Cardiac Output, Low/genetics
- Cardiac Output, Low/physiopathology
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Biolo
- Grupo de Insuficiência Cardíaca e Transplante, Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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19
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Gutierrez LLP, Mazzotti NG, Araújo ASR, Klipel RB, Fernandes TRG, Llesuy SF, Belló-Klein A. Peripheral markers of oxidative stress in chronic mercuric chloride intoxication. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:767-72. [PMID: 16751982 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the time course changes in peripheral markers of oxidative stress in a chronic HgCl2 intoxication model. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously daily for 30 days and divided into two groups of 10 animals each: Hg, which received HgCl2 (0.16 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), and control, receiving the same volume of saline solution. Blood was collected at the first, second and fourth weeks of Hg administration to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO), total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), and superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT). HgCl2 administration induced a rise (by 26%) in LPO compared to control (143 +/- 10 cps/mg hemoglobin) in the second week and no difference was found at the end of the treatment. At that time, GST and GPx were higher (14 and 24%, respectively) in the Hg group, and Cu,Zn-SOD was lower (54%) compared to control. At the end of the treatment, Cu,Zn-SOD and CAT were higher (43 and 10%, respectively) in the Hg group compared to control (4.6 +/- 0.3 U/mg protein; 37 +/- 0.9 pmol/mg protein, respectively). TRAP was lower (69%) in the first week compared to control (43.8 +/- 1.9 mM Trolox). These data provide evidence that HgCl2 administration is accompanied by systemic oxidative damage in the initial phase of the process, which leads to adaptive changes in the antioxidant reserve, thus decreasing the oxidative injury at the end of 30 days of HgCl2 administration. These results suggest that a preventive treatment with antioxidants would help to avoid oxidative damage in subjects with chronic intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L P Gutierrez
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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20
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Araujo ASR, Ribeiro MFM, Enzveiler A, Schenkel P, Fernandes TRG, Partata WA, Irigoyen MC, Llesuy S, Belló-Klein A. Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activities and concentration and glutathione metabolism in experimental hyperthyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 249:133-9. [PMID: 16574313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism was induced in rats by l-thyroxine administration (12 mg/L in drinking water, 4 weeks). Animals were assessed hemodynamically, and heart, lung, and liver morphometry were performed. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein oxidation (carbonyls) were measured in heart homogenates. It was quantified glutathione (GSH) metabolism, and antioxidant enzyme activities its and protein expression (by Western blot). At the end of treatment, it was observed cardiac hypertrophy, elevation of left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures, lung and liver congestion. LPO and carbonyls were increased in the hyperthyroid group, and GSH was decreased by 46% in the fourth week. Myocardial oxidative stress time course analysis revealed that it was increased in the second week of treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activities elevation was accompanied by protein expression induction in the hyperthyroid group in the fourth week. These results imply that hyperthyroidism generates myocardial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress inducing antioxidant enzyme activities and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S R Araujo
- Departamento Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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21
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Sirtori LR, Dutra-Filho CS, Fitarelli D, Sitta A, Haeser A, Barschak AG, Wajner M, Coelho DM, Llesuy S, Belló-Klein A, Giugliani R, Deon M, Vargas CR. Oxidative stress in patients with phenylketonuria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2005; 1740:68-73. [PMID: 15878743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 02/06/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autossomal recessive disease caused by phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase deficiency, which is a liver-specific enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of l-phenylalanine (Phe) to l-tyrosine (Tyr). The deficiency of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of Phe in the tissues and plasma of patients. The clinical characterization of this disease is mental retardation and other neurological features. The mechanisms of brain damage are poorly understood. Oxidative stress is observed in some inborn errors of intermediary metabolism owing to the accumulation of toxic metabolites leading to excessive free radical production and may be a result of restricted diets on the antioxidant status. In the present study we evaluated various oxidative stress parameters, namely thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBA-RS) and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) in the plasma of PKU patients. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were also measured in erythrocytes from these patients. It was observed that phenylketonuric patients present a significant increase of plasma TBA-RS measurement, indicating a stimulation of lipoperoxidation, as well as a decrease of plasma TAR, reflecting a deficient capacity to rapidly handle an increase of reactive species. The results also showed a decrease of erythrocyte GSH-Px activity. Therefore, it is presumed that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of the tissue damage found in PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Sirtori
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 CEP 90.035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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Tansini CM, Durigon K, Testa CG, Belló-Klein A, Wajner M, Wannmacher CMD, Wyse ATS, Dutra-Filho CS. Effects of histidine and imidazolelactic acid on various parameters of the oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of young rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2004; 22:67-72. [PMID: 15036381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2003.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidinemia is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of histidase activity, which leads to tissue accumulation of histidine and its derivatives. Affected patients usually present with speech delay and mental retardation, although asymptomatic patients have been reported. Considering that the pathophysiology of the neurological dysfunction of histidinemia is not yet understood and since histidine has been considered a pro-oxidant agent, in the present study we investigated the effect of histidine and one of its derivatives, l-beta-imidazolelactic acid, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mM, on various parameters of oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of 30-day-old Wistar rats. Chemiluminescence, total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in tissue homogenates in the presence of l-histidine or l-beta-imidazolelactic acid. We observed that l-histidine provoked an increase of chemiluminescence and a reduction of TRAP at concentrations of 2.5 mM and higher, while TBA-RS measurement, GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities were not affected. Furthermore, l-beta-imidazolelactic acid provoked antioxidant effects at high concentrations (5-10 mM) as observed by the reduction of chemiluminescence, although this compound enhanced chemiluminescence at low concentrations (0.5-1 mM). These results suggest that in vitro oxidative stress is elicited by histidine but only at supraphysiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tansini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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23
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Belló-Klein A, Bock PM, Travacio M, Senna SM, Llesuy S, de Bittencourt PI, Irigoyen MC, Belló AA, Kumar D, Singal PK. Myocardial oxidative stress and antioxidants in hypertension as a result of nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2002; 1:43-50. [PMID: 12213996 DOI: 10.1385/ct:1:1:43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rats were made hypertensive by the administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine (LNA, 2.74 mmol/L) in drinking water for 7 d. Hearts from hemodynamically assessed animals were analyzed for lipid peroxidation (LPO), gamma-glutamylcysteine-synthetase (gamma-GCS), glutathione disulfide reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total radical trapping potential (TRAP) activities. LNA treatment increased the mean arterial blood pressure by 46% and the heart rate by 22% without changing plasma renin activity. LNA treatment resulted in a 30% increase in LPO. gamma-GCS was reduced by 48% and GR by 36% in the cardiac tissue of hypertensive rats as compared to controls. The activity of nonselenium GSHPx was reduced by 27%, and selenium-dependent GSHPx activity in the heart was not affected by LNA treatment. In hypertensive rats, SOD activity was increased by 16%, and CAT was decreased by 46%. TRAP was lower (27%) in the myocardium of hypertensive rats than in that of controls. These data suggest that LNA-induced hypertension is associated with increased myocardial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belló-Klein
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90050-170-RS, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
When the equilibrium between free-radical production and cellular antioxidant defences is disturbed in favour of more free radicals, it causes oxidative stress which can promote cellular injury. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In streptozotocin-induced diabetes, there is a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and an increase in myocardial lipid peroxidation. Probucol, an antioxidant, was found to improve cardiac function which may have been due to an increase in myocardial antioxidant enzyme activities and a decrease in lipid peroxidation in the diabetic animals. Some of the beneficial effects of probucol may also be due to an improvement in plasma insulin levels and a decrease in the plasma glucose. The diabetic state is also associated with endothelial dysfunction, retinopathy, neuropathy and renopathy. Some of these secondary complications may also be mediated by oxidative stress. It is suggested that diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with an antioxidant deficit and that antioxidant therapy may be useful in improving cardiac function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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25
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Barp J, Araújo ASR, Fernandes TRG, Rigatto KV, Llesuy S, Belló-Klein A, Singal P. Myocardial antioxidant and oxidative stress changes due to sex hormones. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:1075-81. [PMID: 12219179 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine myocardial antioxidant and oxidative stress changes in male and female rats in the presence of physiological sex hormone concentrations and after castration. Twenty-four 9-week-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 6 animals each: 1) sham-operated females, 2) castrated females, 3) sham-operated males, and 4) castrated males. When testosterone and estrogen levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, significant differences were observed between the castrated and control groups (both males and females), demonstrating the success of castration. Progesterone and catalase levels did not change in any group. Control male rats had higher levels of glutathione peroxidase (50%) and lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 14%) than females. Control females presented increased levels of SOD as compared to the other groups. After castration, SOD activity decreased by 29% in the female group and by 14% in the male group as compared to their respective controls. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was assessed to evaluate oxidative damage to cardiac membranes by two different methods, i.e., TBARS and chemiluminescence. LPO was higher in male controls compared to female controls when evaluated by both methods, TBARS (360%) and chemiluminescence (46%). Castration induced a 200% increase in myocardial damage in females as determined by TBARS and a 20% increase as determined by chemiluminescence. In males, castration did not change LPO levels. These data suggest that estrogen may have an antioxidant role in heart muscle, while testosterone does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barp
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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26
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Rhoden EL, Pereira-Lima L, Telöken C, Lucas ML, Belló-Klein A, Rhoden CR. Beneficial effect of alpha-tocopherol in renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001; 87:164-6. [PMID: 11700016 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.87.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on the products of lipid peroxidation and serum creatinine levels in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion. The animals were submitted to sham operation or renal ischemia-reperfusion, and they were pretreated with alpha-tocopherol or the vehicle saline. In four groups, we analyzed the lipid peroxidation products by measuring malondialdehyde and chemiluminescence levels. In the other three groups, we studied the serum creatinine levels after the procedures. In our study, the pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol reduced significantly the lipid peroxidation of renal cells and renal dysfunction induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Post-Graduation Course in Medical Clinical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul/Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, RS, Brazil.
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27
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Rhoden EL, Pereira-Lima L, Rhoden CR, Lucas ML, Telöken C, Belló-Klein A. Role of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in renal ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. Eur J Surg 2001; 167:224-8. [PMID: 11316412 DOI: 10.1080/110241501750099537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the role of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway during renal ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. DESIGN Randomised experimental study. SETTING Teaching hospital, Brazil. ANIMALS 97 male Wistar rats randomly assigned to 4 groups for the assessment of renal dysfunction and to 6 groups for the assessment of the oxidative stress induced on renal cell membranes by ischaemia-reperfusion. INTERVENTIONS The animals underwent sham-operation or renal ischaemia-reperfusion (n = 9 each) with or without pretreatment with L-arginine (a NO donor) or L-NAME (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester--an inhibitor of NO production) (n = 10 each). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum creatinine concentrations and oxidative stress by chemiluminescence initiated by the tert-butyl hydroperoxide technique. RESULTS Renal ischaemia-reperfusion significantly worsened renal dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in the ischaemia-reperfusion group after 24 and 96 hours of reperfusion compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with L-NAME slightly but not significantly increased serum creatinine concentrations after 24 and 96 hours of reperfusion together with activity of reactive oxygen species during renal ischaemia-reperfusion. L-arginine also significantly protected renal function and reduced the increment in the amount of chemiluminescence induced by giving L-NAME during 24 and 96 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The L-arginine/NO pathway seems to have a slightly protective effect on the kidney after renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. These results need to be confirmed by studies in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Medical Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Rhoden E, Pereira-Lima L, Lucas M, Mauri M, Rhoden C, Pereira-Lima JC, Zettler C, Petteffi L, Belló-Klein A. The effects of allopurinol in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion: experimental study in rats. Eur Surg Res 2001; 32:215-22. [PMID: 11014922 DOI: 10.1159/000008767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Some studies have shown that postischemic hepatic dysfunction is mainly due to oxygen free radicals that are generated by xanthine oxidase. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, on oxidative stress, liver injury and histologic alterations induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. METHODS One hundred and sixty Wistar rats were used and divided into three groups. Group 1: sham operation; group 2: 50 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion, and group 3: pretreatment with allopurinol and 50 min of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion. The effect of allopurinol was evaluated by plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, histopathologic studies, and lipid peroxidation measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method and chemiluminescence initiated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide technique. RESULTS Ischemia followed by reperfusion promoted an increase in lipid peroxidation of the hepatic cells when compared to the sham-operated group (p<0.05). This increase was attenuated in the group treated with allopurinol (p< 0.05). Allopurinol also showed a protective effect on hepatocellular necrosis (p<0.05), and the plasma levels of liver enzymes returned earlier to the normal range in rats pretreated with allopurinol in comparison to those that did not receive the drug (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Allopurinol exerted a protective effect on hepatic ischemia and reperfusion in rats. The administration of this drug prior to liver operations should be considered to be submitted to trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rhoden
- Course of Post-Graduation in Medical Clinic of the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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De Angelis KL, Cestari IA, Barp J, Dall'Ago P, Fernandes TG, de Bittencourt PI, Belló-Klein A, Belló AA, Llesuy S, Irigoyen MC. Oxidative stress in the latissimus dorsi muscle of diabetic rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2000; 33:1363-8. [PMID: 11050669 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2000001100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of experimental diabetes on the oxidant and antioxidant status of latissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of male Wistar rats (220 +/- 5 g, N = 11). Short-term (5 days) diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg, iv; glycemia >300 mg/dl). LD muscle of STZ-diabetic rats presented higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and chemiluminescence (0.36 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg protein and 14706 +/- 1581 cps/mg protein) than LD muscle of normal rats (0.23 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein and 7389 +/- 1355 cps/mg protein). Diabetes induced a 92% increase in catalase and a 27% increase in glutathione S-transferase activities in LD muscle. Glutathione peroxidase activity was reduced (58%) in STZ-diabetic rats and superoxide dismutase activity was similar in LD muscle of both groups. A positive correlation was obtained between catalase activity and the oxidative stress of LD, as evaluated in terms of TBARS (r = 0.78) and by chemiluminescence (r = 0.89). Catalase activity also correlated inversely with glutathione peroxidase activity (r = 0.79). These data suggest that an increased oxidative stress in LD muscle of diabetic rats may be related to skeletal muscle myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L De Angelis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Belló AR, Fortes E, Belló-Klein A, Belló AA, Llesuy SF, Robaldo RB, Bianchini A. Lipid peroxidation induced by Clinostomum detruncatum in muscle of the freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen. Dis Aquat Organ 2000; 42:233-236. [PMID: 11104076 DOI: 10.3354/dao042233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Clinostomum detruncatum metacercaria infection on the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in muscle of the freshwater fish Rhamdia quelen was analyzed. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence, a measure of lipid peroxidation, was also investigated. Enzyme activities were similar in infected and uninfected fishes. However, the chemiluminescence was almost 2-fold higher in muscle of infected fishes than in muscle of uninfected ones. These results indicate that parasite infection induces oxidative stress and a higher level of membrane damage in the fish muscle due to an imbalance between pro-oxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Our results suggest that fish response to parasite infection could involve, as in other vertebrates, reactive oxygen intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Belló
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
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31
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Rhoden EL, Pereira-Lima L, Kalil AN, Lucas ML, Mauri M, Menti E, Rhoden CR, Pereira-Lima J, Zettler CG, Belló-Klein A. Effects of ischemia and reperfusion on oxidative stress in hepatic cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Kobe J Med Sci 2000; 46:171-80. [PMID: 11354928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on oxidative stress in hepatic cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats by the evaluation of lipid peroxidation products (LPO). Cirrhosis of the liver was induced by CCl4 administration. This drug was dissolved in mineral oil and the control group received only mineral oil intraperitoneally. Forty-five minutes of ischemia followed by one hour of reperfusion were performed. LPO products were evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method (TBARS) and chemiluminescence initiated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide technique (CL). The liver was submitted to histologic evaluation to check whether cirrhosis was present. The results demonstrated that ischemia-reperfusion caused an increase of LPO products in cirrhotic rats when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Hepatic cirrhosis was present in all animals treated with CCl4 and no significant histologic alterations were observed in the control group. According to this study, we can conclude that the effect of ischemia and reperfusion in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis caused a significant increase of the hepatic-levels of LPO products when compared to the noncirrhotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Department of General Surgery, Porto Alegre School of Medical Sciences/Santa Casa University Hospital, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical usefulness of doxorubicin (adriamycin, ADR) is restricted by the risk of developing congestive heart failure. Probucol has been reported to completely prevent ADR cardiomyopathy without interfering with its antitumor effects. The current study investigated the effects of ADR and probucol on antioxidant enzyme gene expression during adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in a rat model. METHODS The mRNA abundance by Northern and immunoreactive protein levels by Western blotting of myocardial antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT) were examined in relation to the enzyme activities in hemodynamically assessed control and treated animals. RESULTS At 3 weeks post-treatment duration, ADR caused heart failure which was prevented by probucol. MnSOD mRNA abundance as well as protein levels were depressed by ADR treatment by 45% and 20%, respectively, and this change was prevented by probucol. However, the mRNA and protein levels of GSHPx and CAT were not significantly changed by ADR or probucol. ADR had no effect on SOD activity but this enzyme activity was increased by probucol and probucol plus ADR. GSHPx enzyme activity was decreased and oxidative stress as indicated by TBARS was increased by ADR and these changes were also modulated by probucol. CONCLUSION An increase in oxidative stress, GSHPx inactivation and MnSOD downregulation during ADR cardiomyopathy were prevented by probucol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Belló-Klein A, Morgan-Martins MI, Barp J, Llesuy S, Belló AA, Singal PK. Circaannual changes in antioxidants and oxidative stress in the heart and liver in rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2000; 126:203-8. [PMID: 11050692 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(00)00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are formed in physiological and pathological conditions in mammalian tissues. Because of their high reactivity, they may interact with biomolecules, inducing oxidative injury. Increases in lipid peroxidation can result in oxidative damage to cellular membranes. Protection against oxidative damage is provided by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation, as an index of oxidative stress injury, were evaluated in different seasons over one year in the heart and liver of rats, maintained on a 12 h light and dark cycle. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, in both tissues, were maximal in the summer season. Lipid peroxidation in the heart was maximal in the spring as compared to the other seasons and it did not vary in the liver during the year. These findings suggest that any study of antioxidants or oxidative stress must take into account such seasonal variations for a more precise analysis of changes due to any pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belló-Klein
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Abstract
Heart failure is considered to be a complex clinical syndrome, with alterations in the multiple neurohumoral systems and subcellular cardiac sites that correlate with abnormal cardiac function. Strong evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of heart failure has been provided by studies on experimental animals as well as humans. This concept is gaining more acceptance due to the fact that during heart failure, changes in different neurohormones, cytokines, nitric oxide, and activated inflammatory cells are closely linked to oxidative stress at the cellular and molecular levels. The present article provides a simple description of oxygen free radicals as well as the antioxidant defense system. Evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of heart failure is reviewed in a concise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 351 Tache Avenue, R3022, Winnipeg MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Senna SM, Moraes RB, Bravo MF, Oliveira RR, Miotto GC, Vidor AC, Belló-Klein A, Irigoyen MC, Belló AA, Curi R, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Effects of prostaglandins and nitric oxide on rat macrophage lipid metabolism in culture: implications for arterial wall-leukocyte interplay in atherosclerosis. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1998; 46:1007-18. [PMID: 9861455 DOI: 10.1080/15216549800204562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages/foam cells have a pivotal role in atherogenesis although little is known about the way lipid imbalance, a hallmark of atherosclerosis, leads to lipid accumulation in these cells. Modified low-density lipoproteins are associated with macrophage lipid dysfunction in atherosclerosis, but a possible role for altered lipogenesis leading to lipid accumulation remains to be elucidated. Since endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs) are physiological autacoids whose production may be impaired in atherosclerosis, the effects of these mediators on de novo lipid synthesis in 24-h cultured rat peritoneal macrophages is investigated. In resident (unstimulated) cells, 1 microM PGE2 and the stable analog of PGI2 carbaprostacyclin (cPGI2, 1 microM) deviated the overall [1-14C]acetate from incorporation into cholesterol, free fatty acids and triacylglycerols favoring the formation of phospholipids. In inflammatory (thioglycollate-elicited) macrophages, these eicosanoids likewise reduced 14C-incorporations into all the lipid fractions tested. Also, cPGI2 and PGE2 reduced [4-14C]cholesterol uptake from inflammatory cells but did not interfere in 14C-cholesterol export. The PGE2-derivative PGA2 (10-20 microM) reduced 14C-incorporations into all the lipids in resident cells while it enhanced phospholipid synthesis by up to 129% at the expense of reduced incorporations into the other test lipids. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 1-10 microM), when added to macrophages in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD, to avoid the reaction of superoxide with NO), significantly reduced lipogenesis especially in inflammatory cells. These findings suggest that endothelium-derived NO and PGs may be associated with macrophage lipid accumulation by modulating lipogenesis and cholesterol uptake within these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Senna
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Regner A, Ramirez G, Belló-Klein A, Souza D. Effects of guanine nucleotides on glutamate-induced chemiluminescence in rat hippocampal slices submitted to hypoxia. Neurochem Res 1998; 23:519-24. [PMID: 9566586 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022430501454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate significantly increased levels of spontaneous chemiluminescence (CL) in rat hippocampal slices incubated under hypoxic conditions. Although it has been previously shown that guanine nucleotides (GN) displace glutamate from several of its receptors, in our study only GMP, as well as the glutamate antagonist MK-801, was able to reverse the increase in CL provoked by glutamate. On the other hand, not only GTP or Gpp(NH)p failed to reverse the action of glutamate, but they increased CL production like glutamate. This effect of GTP/Gpp(NH)p was also reversed by GMP. We concluded that, under neurotoxic conditions, GMP acted as an antagonist and GTP or Gpp(NH)p acted as agonists of glutamate. These results reinforced the evidence of the existence of extracellular site(s) for GN and indicated a possible role for GN in excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Regner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Belló-Klein A, Oliveira AR, Miranda MF, Irigoyen MC, Homem-de-Bittencourt PI, Llesuy S, Belló AA. Effect of trolox C on cardiac contracture induced by hydrogen peroxide. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:1337-42. [PMID: 9532244 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997001100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) perfused into the aorta of the isolated rat heart induces a positive inotropic effect, with cardiac arrhythmia such as extrasystolic potentiation or cardiac contractures, depending on the dose. The last effect is similar to the "stone heart" observed in reperfusion injury and may be ascribed to lipoperoxidation (LPO) of the membrane lipids, to protein damage, to reduction of the ATP level, to enzymatic alterations and to cardioactive compounds liberated by LPO. These effects may result in calcium overload of the cardiac fibers and contracture ("stone heart"). Hearts from male Wistar rats (300-350 g) were perfused at 31 degrees C with Tyrode, 0.2 mM trolox C, 256 mM H2O2 or trolox C + H2O2. Cardiac contractures (baseline elevation of the myograms obtained) were observed when hearts were perfused with H2O2 (Tyrode: 5.9 +/- 3.2; H2O2: 60.5 +/- 13.9% of the initial value); perfusion with H2O2 increased the LPO of rat heart homogenates measured by chemiluminescence (Tyrode: 3,199 +/- 259; H2O2: 5,304 +/- 133 cps mg protein-1 60 min-1), oxygen uptake (Tyrode: 0.44 +/- 0.1; H2O2: 3.2 +/- 0.8 nmol min-1 mg protein-1) and malonaldehyde (TBARS) formation (Tyrode: 0.12 +/- 0; H2O2: 0.37 +/- 0.1 nmol/ml). Previous perfusion with 0.2 mM trolox C reduced the LPO (chemiluminescence: 4,098 +/- 531), oxygen uptake (0.51 +/- 0) and TBARS (0.13 +/- 0) but did not prevent the H2O2-induced contractures (33.3 +/- 16%). ATP (Tyrode: 2.84 +/- 0; H2O2: 0.57 +/- 0) and glycogen levels (Tyrode: 0.46 +/- 0; H2O2: 0.26 +/- 0) were reduced by H2O2. Trolox did not prevent these effects (ATP: 0.84 +/- 0 and glycogen: 0.27 +/- 0). Trolox C is known to be more effective than alpha-tocopherol or gamma-tocopherol in reducing LPO though it lacks the phytol portion of vitamin E to be fixed to the cell membranes. Trolox C, unlike vitamin A, did not prevent the glycogen reduction induced by H2O2. Trolox C induced a positive chronotropic effect that resulted in higher energy consumption. The reduction of energy level seemed to be more important than LPO in the mechanism of H2O2-induced contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belló-Klein
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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De Angelis KL, Oliveira AR, Werner A, Bock P, Belló-Klein A, Fernandes TG, Belló AA, Irigoyen MC. Exercise training in aging: hemodynamic, metabolic, and oxidative stress evaluations. Hypertension 1997; 30:767-71. [PMID: 9323020 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.30.3.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exercise training on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters as well as on responses to oxidative stress in aged individuals are controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in heart hate, mean arterial pressure, vasoreactivity, and plasma levels of insulin and glucose in male aged Wistar rats submitted to exercise training for 11 weeks (1 h/d; 5 d/wk) in a treadmill. The isolated heart was perfused by H2O2, and oxidative stress was evaluated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Cardiovascular functions were recorded with a data acquisition system (CODAS, 1 kHz). Trained aged rats were bradycardic as compared with sedentary aged rats (298+/-7 versus 336+/-16 bpm) but presented similar mean arterial pressure and vasoreactivity and plasma levels of insulin and of glucose, which were quantified by radioimmunoassay and colorimetric enzymatic test. Plasma levels of insulin and of glucose ratio were increased in trained aged rats (6.9+/-0.7 versus 3.5+/-0.4 in sedentary aged rats), and the response to oxidative stress was decreased (0.4+/-0.1 versus 0.7+/-0.1 nmol/mg protein in sedentary aged rats). These results showed that exercise training produced a lower resting heart rate as well as changes in metabolic and oxidative responses. This suggests a higher myocardium protection of trained than sedentary aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L De Angelis
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiology, University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Rhoden EL, Mauri M, Petteffi L, Belló-Klein A, Zettler CG, Rhoden CR. [Protective effect of colchicine on tissue damage caused by free radicals in hepatic cirrhosis: an experimental study in rats]. Arq Gastroenterol 1997; 34:91-6. [PMID: 9496424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of colchicine on oxidative stress in cirrhosis assessed by lipid peroxidation products. Wistar rats were used and induced hepatic cirrhosis by carbon tetrachloride. After the cirrhosis-induced period colchicine was administrated daily during 90 days. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method (TBARS) and chemiluminescence initiated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The liver was submitted to histological evaluation to check whether cirrhosis was present. The results demonstrated an higher increase in lipid peroxide levels in cirrhotic tissue when compared with normal tissue and it was decreased by colchicine treatment (P < 0.05). Observing this study, we can conclude that hepatic cirrhosis produce an higher oxidative stress than normal liver and it can be decreased by colchicine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Rhoden
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Toxicologia da Fundação Federal Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre (FFFCMPA)
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Abstract
A technique to anesthetize turtles with ether is presented, in which a plastic cannula is passed through the glottis into the trachea. This procedure avoids apnea and allows ether vapours obtained from a chamber to be introduced, by the animal respiratory movements or by means of a pump, into the animal lungs. The anesthesia is rapidly obtained and lasts from 45-90 minutes. The time of recovery from anesthesia ranged from 60-90 minutes. With this technique no deaths were observed and the same animal could be anesthetized repeatedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Belló
- Departamento de Fisiologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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