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Kuula L, Pesonen AK, Heinonen K, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG, Andersson S, Lano A, Lahti J, Wolke D, Räikkönen K. Naturally occurring circadian rhythm and sleep duration are related to executive functions in early adulthood. J Sleep Res 2017; 27:113-119. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kuula
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit; Helsinki and Oulu Finland
- Children′s Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit; MRC Oulu; Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit; Helsinki and Oulu Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children′s Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aulikki Lano
- Children′s Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, WMS; University of Warwick; Warwick UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Whalen DJ, Gilbert KE, Barch DM, Luby JL, Belden AC. Variation in common preschool sleep problems as an early predictor for depression and anxiety symptom severity across time. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:151-159. [PMID: 27616560 PMCID: PMC5247335 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child and adolescent psychopathology has been linked to increased sleep problems, but there has been less investigation of this relationship in younger samples with early-onset psychopathology. This study examined three specific but commonly observed aspects of sleep behaviors in young children - (i) Sleep onset latency, (ii) Refusal to sleep alone, and (iii) Nighttime awakenings - measured during preschool, and investigated whether these sleep problems predicted anxiety and/or depression across the next 6 years until school age (ages 9-13). METHODS Data were analyzed from N = 292 participants from a prospective longitudinal study of preschool-age children (ages 3-6). At baseline, parent-reported clinical interviews of psychiatric symptoms, as well as sleep problems were conducted using the Preschool-Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA). Follow-up clinical interviews were also conducted annually through school age using the Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). RESULTS Parent-reported sleep onset latency and refusal to sleep alone were significant independent predictors of MDD and anxiety severity, but not ADHD severity across time, even after controlling for family income-to-needs ratio and maternal internalizing psychopathology. In exploratory analyses using only healthy preschoolers, parent-reported sleep onset latency and refusal to sleep alone also predicted anxiety severity. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that specific, yet relatively common sleep problems predict diagnostic severity of depression and anxiety across time, but not ADHD. Increased clinical attention to and screening for sleep onset latency and refusal to sleep alone during preschool may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University,The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University,Department of Psychology, Washington University,Department of Radiology, Washington University
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53
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Merikanto I, Pesonen AK, Kuula L, Lahti J, Heinonen K, Kajantie E, Räikkönen K. Eveningness as a risk for behavioral problems in late adolescence. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:225-234. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1267739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Merikanto
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Liisa Kuula
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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54
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Kuula L, Pesonen AK, Kajantie E, Lahti J, Andersson S, Strandberg T, Räikkönen K. Sleep and Lipid Profile During Transition from Childhood to Adolescence. J Pediatr 2016; 177:173-178.e1. [PMID: 27453369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the longitudinal effects of sleep duration and quality on lipid profiles during the transition from childhood to early adolescence, over a 4-year-period. STUDY DESIGN A cohort study of children born in 1998 examined at 8 years of age (SD, 0.3; n = 105) and 12 years of age (SD, 0.5; n = 190). Sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and weekend catch-up sleep were measured with actigraphs for 7 (8 years of age) and 8 (12 years of age) nights. Fasting serum samples were collected at 12 years of age. Covariates included age, pubertal development, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and physical activity. RESULTS In girls, shorter sleep duration at 8 and 12 years of age was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and higher triglycerides at 12 years of age. Poorer sleep quality at 8 years of age and longer weekend catch-up sleep at 12 years of age was associated with higher triglycerides at 12 years of age. From 8 to 12 years of age, improvement in sleep quality associated with higher total cholesterol, and a decrease in sleep duration with lower lipid levels. In boys, longer sleep duration at 8 years of age, and a larger decrease in sleep duration from 8 to 12 years of age was associated with higher levels of triglycerides at 12 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Poorer sleep during transition to early adolescence is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile in early adolescent girls, and such effects are less prominent in boys. Poor sleep may have long-term associations with health, which are not mitigated by the amount of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kuula
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Eero Kajantie
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Life Course Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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55
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Fletcher FE, Foster-Owens MD, Conduit R, Rinehart NJ, Riby DM, Cornish KM. The developmental trajectory of parent-report and objective sleep profiles in autism spectrum disorder: Associations with anxiety and bedtime routines. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2016; 21:493-503. [PMID: 27354432 DOI: 10.1177/1362361316653365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the course of parent-report and actigraphy-derived sleep profiles over a 1-year period, in school-age children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and 14 nights of actigraphy were used to assess sleep profiles. Parents also completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, the Social Worries Questionnaire and the Bedtime Routines Questionnaire. Between-group differences in parent-reported sleep problems were less pronounced at follow-up compared to baseline. The course of objective sleep was comparable between groups, with a significant reduction in sleep duration over time in both groups. Children with autism spectrum disorder were further characterised by significantly more night-to-night variability in sleep quality, across both time points. Reductions over time in parent-reported sleep problems were significantly associated with reduced anxiety. Reductions in actigraphy-derived sleep efficiency were associated with an increased frequency of maladaptive activities in the hour before bedtime, in both children with and without autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay E Fletcher
- 1 Monash University, Australia.,2 University of York, UK
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Gregory AM, Sadeh A. Annual Research Review: Sleep problems in childhood psychiatric disorders--a review of the latest science. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:296-317. [PMID: 26412255 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocrates flagged the value of sleep for good health. Nonetheless, historically, researchers with an interest in developmental psychopathology have largely ignored a possible role for atypical sleep. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in this area, perhaps reflecting increased evidence that disturbed or insufficient sleep can result in poor functioning in numerous domains. This review outlines what is known about sleep in the psychiatric diagnoses most relevant to children and for which associations with sleep are beginning to be understood. While based on a comprehensive survey of the literature, the focus of the current review is on the latest science (largely from 2010). There is a description of both concurrent and longitudinal links as well as possible mechanisms underlying associations. Preliminary treatment research is also considered which suggests that treating sleep difficulties may result in improvements in behavioural areas beyond sleep quality. FINDINGS To maximise progress in this field, there now needs to be: (a) greater attention to the assessment of sleep in children; (b) sleep research on a wider range of psychiatric disorders; (c) a greater focus on and examination of mechanisms underlying associations; (d) a clearer consideration of developmental questions and (e) large-scale well-designed treatment studies. CONCLUSIONS While sleep problems may sometimes be missed by parents and healthcare providers; hence constituting a hidden risk for other psychopathologies - knowing about these difficulties creates unique opportunities. The current excitement in this field from experts in diverse areas including developmental psychology, clinical psychology, genetics and neuropsychology should make these opportunities a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, UK
| | - Avi Sadeh
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Cavallera GM, Boari G. Validation of the Italian Version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Adolescents by A. Lancry and Th. Arbault. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2685-93. [PMID: 26354147 PMCID: PMC4571827 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire for adolescents by Lancry and Arbault. Material/Methods The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire by Lancry and Arbault was translated from French into Italian by using forward-backward translation. Students aged 11–15 years old were enrolled from two schools in Milan (Italia). Validation of the questionnaire was performed in subsequent phases. A pre-test was given to 66 students aged 11–15 years (males 57.4%, females 42.6%) from a convenience sample. Syntactic aspects of the pre-test were improved, and the questionnaire in a revised version was re-administered to 292 students of same age (males 43.8%, females 54.1%) from a convenience sample. Results Factor analysis was performed on pre-test data, using the principal component method accounting for Morningness-Eveningness. Problematic items possibly uncorrelated with the extracted factor were identified, and reliability produced a Cronbach’s Alpha close to 0.7. In the test phase factor analysis was performed using the principal component method. Based on reliability analyses, we excluded a number of items because of their low performance, giving rise to a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.819. Pearson product-moment external correlations between Morningness-Eveningness disposition and temperament, behavioral, and cognitive aspects were evaluated. Conclusions A factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and concurrent validity coefficients with disposition, behavior, and cognition, were performed, suggesting potential reliability and validity. The questionnaire is a useful and relevant tool for measuring Morningness-Eveningness disposition in adolescents, which has seldom been investigated with adequate psychometric instruments.
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58
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Poor sleep and neurocognitive function in early adolescence. Sleep Med 2015; 16:1207-12. [PMID: 26429747 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the associations between sleep duration and quality, and neurocognitive function in adolescents remains scanty. This study examined the associations in early adolescence between: sleep duration; efficiency; fragmentation; wake-after-sleep-onset (WASO); catch-up sleep; intelligence; memory; and executive function, including attention. METHODS This study included 354 girls and boys with a mean age 12.3 years (SD = 0.5) from a birth cohort born in 1998. Sleep was measured with accelerometers for an average of eight nights. Cognitive function was evaluated with subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III), the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment 2 (NEPSY-2), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), Conners' Continuous Performance Task (CPT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). RESULTS In girls, a higher WASO and fragmentation index were associated with poorer executive functioning (higher number of perseverative errors in the WCST), and longer catch-up sleep was associated with longer reaction times and better performance in one verbal intelligence test (Similarities subtest of the WISC-III). In boys, shorter sleep duration, lower efficiency, higher WASO, higher sleep fragmentation and shorter catch-up sleep were associated with lower executive functioning (more commission errors, shorter reaction times, and had lower D Prime scores in CPT). CONCLUSIONS In adolescent girls, poorer sleep quality was only weakly associated with poorer executive functioning, while in boys, poorer sleep quantity and quality were associated with an inattentive pattern of executive functioning. The amount of catch-up sleep during weekends showed mixed patterns in relation to neurocognitive function.
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Becker SP, Langberg JM, Byars KC. Advancing a biopsychosocial and contextual model of sleep in adolescence: a review and introduction to the special issue. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 44:239-70. [PMID: 25552436 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems in adolescence have been identified as an international public health issue. Over the past few decades, notable advances have been made in our understanding of the patterns and consequences of sleep in adolescence. Despite these important gains, there is much about the role of sleep in adolescence that remains to be understood. This Special Issue brings together studies that examine sleep as it specifically pertains to adolescent development and adjustment. In this introductory article, we argue for the importance of grounding the study of sleep and adolescence in developmental science and a developmental psychopathology framework. First, a review of the literature is used to outline a biopsychosocial and contextual model of sleep in adolescence. Second, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is used as an exemplar of the proposed model given the pervasiveness of sleep problems among youth with ADHD and the likelihood that sleep problems and ADHD symptoms are interconnected in complex ways. Finally, a brief introduction to the empirical articles included in the Special Issue is provided, with particular attention given to how these articles fit within the proposed biopsychosocial and contextual model. Along with the framework proposed in this article, the studies included in this Special Issue advance the current literature and point to critical directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 10006, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,
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Martikainen S, Pesonen AK, Lahti J, Heinonen K, Pyhälä R, Tammelin T, Kajantie E, Strandberg TE, Reynolds RM, Räikkönen K. Physical activity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 49:96-105. [PMID: 25068769 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the associations between physical activity (PA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPAA) activity in adolescents. This knowledge could offer insight into the links between PA and well-being in youth. We studied whether objectively-measured PA is associated with diurnal salivary cortisol responses and morning salivary cortisol responses after a low-dose overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in adolescent girls and boys. We conducted a cross-sectional birth cohort study in Helsinki, Finland. At a mean age of 12.4 (SD=0.5) years, 150 girls and 133 boys wore wrist-worn accelerometers over at least 4 days to measure PA. Their salivary cortisol was measured across 1 day and upon awakening after a low-dose overnight DST (3 μg/kg of weight). Girls with higher overall PA and vigorous PA (VPA), and less sedentary time had lower salivary cortisol upon awakening and/or after (decreases between |0.17| and |0.25| SDs per SD increase in overall PA, VPA and decrease in sedentary time; P-values<0.039). Boys with higher overall PA, and less sedentary time had greater suppression of salivary cortisol following overnight DST (suppression between |0.24| and |0.27| SDs per SD increase in overall PA and decrease in sedentary time; P-values<0.012). Overall PA, VPA and sedentary time did not associate with DST suppression in girls or with diurnal salivary cortisol in boys. These results show that PA is associated with altered HPAA function in early adolescents, and that the associations are sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Pyhälä
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Foundation for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Central Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo E Strandberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Health Sciences/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Endocrinology Unit, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Pesonen AK, Martikainen S, Kajantie E, Heinonen K, Wehkalampi K, Lahti J, Strandberg T, Räikkönen K. The associations between adolescent sleep, diurnal cortisol patterns and cortisol reactivity to dexamethasone suppression test. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 49:150-60. [PMID: 25086827 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Information on the associations between objectively measured sleep and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in early adolescence is scarce. We examined associations between average sleep duration and quality (sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset) over 8 days with actigraphs and (1) diurnal cortisol patterns and (2) cortisol reactivity to a low-dose (3 μg/kg) overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in a birth cohort born in 1998 (N=265 participants, mean age 12.3 years, SD=0.5). We also explored (3) if sleep duration and quality were affected the nights after the DST exposure. Cortisol was measured during 2 days, and participants were exposed to dexamethasone in the evening of first day. In boys, short sleep duration was associated with higher cortisol upon awakening and lower cortisol awakening response (CAR; P<0.05 and P<0.01). Long sleep duration in boys associated with higher CAR (P<0.02). Lower sleep quality in boys associated with lower CAR, but fell slightly short of significance (P<0.06). In girls, no significant associations were detected. Sleep quantity and quality were not associated with responses to the DST. There were no effects of DST on sleep (P>0.15 in between-subject analyses). The average sleep patterns showed associations with diurnal cortisol patterns during early adolescence, but only in boys. Sleep was not associated with cortisol reactivity to DST and the exogenous corticosteroid exposure did not affect sleep significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, PO BOX 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja Martikainen
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, PO BOX 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, PO BOX 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, PO BOX 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karoliina Wehkalampi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, PO BOX 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Haartmaninkatu 8 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, PO BOX 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, PO BOX 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Sleep in infancy and childhood: implications for emotional and behavioral difficulties in adolescence and beyond. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2014; 27:453-9. [PMID: 25247458 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extensive scientific efforts have been made in an attempt to identify early markers of behavioral and emotional problems. In this context, sleep has received considerable research attention, as it appears to be closely linked to developmental psychopathology. The present review synthesizes some of the most recent findings regarding the concurrent and longitudinal associations between psychopathology and behavioral manifestations of sleep in childhood and adolescence. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence suggests that compromised sleep is associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems in childhood and adolescence. Moreover, sleep problems have been shown to predict the development of various emotional and behavioral problems, including depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, risk-taking and aggression. Yet, inconsistencies are apparent, particularly among findings that are based on objective sleep measurement. SUMMARY Taken together, most recent findings suggest that poor sleep in childhood and adolescence constitutes a risk factor for psychopathological symptoms. Accordingly, the importance of early detection and intervention should be a primary goal in clinical settings. In the research domain, the underlying mechanism of these associations should receive future research attention, in an attempt to broaden the understanding of the relationship between sleep and psychopathology.
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