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Varlow C, Mossine AV, Bernard-Gauthier V, Scott PJH, Vasdev N. Radiofluorination of oxazole-carboxamides for preclinical PET neuroimaging of GSK-3. J Fluor Chem 2021; 245. [PMID: 33840834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is an enzyme that is dysregulated in oncology neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and several mental health illnesses. As such, GSK-3 is a long-sought after target for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and therapeutic intervention. Herein, we report on the development and radiofluorination of two oxazole-4-carboxamides, including one bearing a non-activated aromatic ring. Both compounds demonstrated excellent selectivity in a kinase screen and inhibit GSK-3 with high affinity. [18F]OCM-49 was synthesized from [18F]fluoride using a copper-mediated reaction of an aryl boronic acid precursor, while [18F]OCM-50 used a trimethylammonium triflate precursor, and both radiotracers were translated for preclinical PET imaging in rodents. Due to superior radiochemical yields and brain uptake (peak standardized uptake value of ~2.0), [18F]OCM-50 was further evaluated in non-human primate and also showed good brain uptake and rapid clearance. Further studies to consider clinical translation of both radiotracers are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassis Varlow
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
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Lohning A, Kidachi Y, Kamiie K, Sasaki K, Ryoyama K, Yamaguchi H. 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MITC) from Wasabia japonica alleviates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by potential inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113250. [PMID: 33691258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes a set of disorders involving alterations to gastrointestinal physiology and mucosal immunity. Unravelling its complex pathophysiology is important since many IBD patients are refractory to or suffer adverse side effects from current treatments. Isothiocyanates (ITCs), such as 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl ITC (6-MITC) in Wasabia japonica, have potential anti-inflammatory activity. We aimed to elucidate the pathways through which 6-MITC alleviates inflammation by examining its role in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) using a chemically induced murine model of IBD, cell-based and in silico techniques. The effects of 6-MITC and two NF-κB inhibitors, sulfasalazine (SS), pyrrolidine dithiolcarbamate (PDTC) were investigated on a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine mouse model of acute and chronic colitis using macroscopic measurements and pro-inflammatory markers. The effect of 6-MITC on NF-κB induction was assessed using a murine macrophage cell line. Complexes of GSK-3β-6-MITC and GSK-3β-ATP were generated in silico to elucidate the mechanism of 6-MITC's direct inhibition of GSK-3β. Changes in pro-inflammatory markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (increased) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (decreased) demonstrated that iNOS regulation occurred at the translational level. Intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 6-MITC to the colitis-induced mice ameliorated weight loss whereas oral administration had negligible effect. Fecal blood and colon weight/length ratio parameters improved on treatment with 6-MITC and the other NF-κB inhibitors. Levels of NF-κB decreased upon addition of 6-MITC in vitro while structural studies showed 6-MITC acts competitively to inhibit GSK-3β at the ATP binding site. In this study we demonstrated that 6-MITC inhibits NF-κB signaling via GSK-3β inhibition ameliorating fecal blood, colonic alterations and DSS-induced weight loss indirectly indicating reduced intestinal stress. Taken together these results suggest a role for 6-MITC in the treatment of IBD acting to alleviate inflammation through the GSK-3β/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the GSK-3β-6-MITC model can be utilized as a basis for development of novel therapeutics targeting GSK-3β for use in other disorders including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lohning
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Yumi Kidachi
- Department of Pharmacy, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kobata, Aomori, 030-0943, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Kamiie
- Department of Pharmacy, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kobata, Aomori, 030-0943, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sasaki
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ryoyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kobata, Aomori, 030-0943, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
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Davies MP, Benitez R, Perez C, Jakupovic S, Welsby P, Rzepecka K, Alder J, Davidson C, Martinez A, Hayes JM. Structure-Based Design of Potent Selective Nanomolar Type-II Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1497-1509. [PMID: 33499592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the in silico design, screening, and in vitro validation of potent GSK-3β type-II inhibitors are presented. In the absence of crystallographic evidence for a DFG-out GSK-3β activation loop conformation, computational models were designed using an adapted DOLPHIN approach and a method consisting of Prime loop refinement, induced-fit docking, and molecular dynamics. Virtual screening of the Biogenics subset from the ZINC database led to an initial selection of 20 Phase I compounds revealing two low micromolar inhibitors in an isolated enzyme assay. Twenty more analogues (Phase II compounds) related to the hit [pyrimidin-2-yl]amino-furo[3,2-b]furyl-urea scaffold were selected for structure-activity relationship analysis. The Phase II studies led to five highly potent nanomolar inhibitors, with compound 23 (IC50 =0.087 μM) > 100 times more potent than the best Phase I inhibitor, and selectivity for GSK-3β inhibition compared to homologous kinases was observed. Ex vivo experiments (SH-SY5Y cell lines) for tau hyperphosphorylation revealed promising neuroprotective effects at low micromolar concentrations. The type-II inhibitor design has been unraveled as a potential route toward more clinically effective GSK-3β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Davies
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Benitez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, Avenida Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Perez
- Instituto de Quimica Medica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sven Jakupovic
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Hermannswerder Haus 17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philip Welsby
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Klaudia Rzepecka
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Alder
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Davidson
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, Avenida Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph M Hayes
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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Zhong Y, Yang S, Cui J, Wang J, Li L, Chen Y, Chen J, Feng P, Huang S, Li H, Han Y, Tang G, Hu K. Novel 18F-Labeled Isonicotinamide-Based Radioligands for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1277-1284. [PMID: 33492962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase, is involved in several human pathologies including Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder, diabetes, and cancer. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of GSK-3β could aid in investigating GSK-3β levels under normal and pathological conditions. In this study, we designed and synthesized fluorinated PET radioligands starting with recently identified isonicotinamide derivatives that showed potent affinity to GSK-3β. After extensive in vitro inhibitory activity assays and analyzing U87 cell uptake, we identified [18F]10a-d as potential tracers with good specificity and high affinity. They were then subjected to further in vivo evaluation in rodent brain comprising PET imaging and metabolism studies. The radioligands [18F]10b-d penetrated the blood-brain barrier and accumulated in GSK-3β-rich regions, including amygdala, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Also, it could be specifically blocked using the corresponding standard compounds. With these results, this work sets the basis for further development of novel 18F-labeled GSK-3β PET probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Jianyu Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Yanjian Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China
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Racaud-Sultan C, Vergnolle N. GSK3β, a Master Kinase in the Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Behavior. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020225. [PMID: 33498808 PMCID: PMC7911451 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult stem cells, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) is at the crossroad of signaling pathways controlling survival, proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. The microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of these cell functions and we have demonstrated that the GSK3β activity is strongly dependent on the engagement of integrins and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Downstream of the integrin α5β1 or PAR2 activation, a molecular complex is organized around the scaffolding proteins RACK1 and β-arrestin-2 respectively, containing the phosphatase PP2A responsible for GSK3β activation. As a consequence, a quiescent stem cell phenotype is established with high capacities to face apoptotic and metabolic stresses. A protective role of GSK3β has been found for hematopoietic and intestinal stem cells. Latters survived to de-adhesion through PAR2 activation, whereas formers were protected from cytotoxicity through α5β1 engagement. However, a prolonged activation of GSK3β promoted a defect in epithelial regeneration and a resistance to chemotherapy of leukemic cells, paving the way to chronic inflammatory diseases and to cancer resurgence, respectively. In both cases, a sexual dimorphism was measured in GSK3β-dependent cellular functions. GSK3β activity is a key marker for inflammatory and cancer diseases allowing adjusted therapy to sex, age and metabolic status of patients.
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56
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GSK3α: An Important Paralog in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121683. [PMID: 33339170 PMCID: PMC7765659 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is fulfilled by two paralogs named GSK3α and GSK3β, which possess both redundancy and specific functions. The upregulated activity of these proteins is linked to the development of disorders such as neurodegenerative disorders (ND) and cancer. Although various chemical inhibitors of these enzymes restore the brain functions in models of ND such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and reduce the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, the particular contribution of each paralog to these effects remains unclear as these molecules downregulate the activity of both paralogs with a similar efficacy. Moreover, given that GSK3 paralogs phosphorylate more than 100 substrates, the simultaneous inhibition of both enzymes has detrimental effects during long-term inhibition. Although the GSK3β kinase function has usually been taken as the global GSK3 activity, in the last few years, a growing interest in the study of GSK3α has emerged because several studies have recognized it as the main GSK3 paralog involved in a variety of diseases. This review summarizes the current biological evidence on the role of GSK3α in AD and various types of cancer. We also provide a discussion on some strategies that may lead to the design of the paralog-specific inhibition of GSK3α.
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Maikoo S, Makayane D, Booysen IN, Ngubane P, Khathi A. Ruthenium compounds as potential therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113064. [PMID: 33279292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder which is globally responsible for millions of fatalities per year. Management of T2DM typically involves orally administered anti-hyperglycaemic drugs in conjunction with dietary interventions. However, the current conventional therapy seems to be largely ineffective as patients continue to develop complications such as cardiovascular diseases, blindness and kidney failure. Existing alternative treatment entails the administration of organic therapeutic pharmaceuticals, but these drugs have various side effects such as nausea, headaches, weight gain, respiratory and liver damage. Transition metal complexes have shown promise as anti-diabetic agents owing to their diverse mechanisms of activity. In particular, selected ruthenium compounds have exhibited intriguing biological behaviours as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP) 1B and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitors, as well as aggregation suppressants for the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). This focussed review serves as a survey on studies pertaining to ruthenium compounds as metallo-drugs for T2DM. Herein, we also provide perspectives on directions to fully elucidate in vivo functions of this class of potential metallopharmaceuticals. More specifically, there is still a need to investigate the pharmacokinetics of ruthenium drugs in order to establish their biodistribution patterns which will affirm whether these metal complexes are substitutionally inert or serve as pro-drugs. In addition, embedding oral-administered ruthenium complexes into bio-compatible polymers can be a prospective means of enhancing stability during drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Maikoo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Makayane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Irvin Noel Booysen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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58
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Pal A, Leung JY, Ang GCK, Rao VK, Pignata L, Lim HJ, Hebrard M, Chang KT, Lee VK, Guccione E, Taneja R. EHMT2 epigenetically suppresses Wnt signaling and is a potential target in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. eLife 2020; 9:57683. [PMID: 33252038 PMCID: PMC7728445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is downregulated in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and contributes to the block of differentiation. Epigenetic mechanisms leading to its suppression are unknown and could pave the way toward novel therapeutic modalities. We demonstrate that EHMT2 suppresses canonical Wnt signaling by activating expression of the Wnt antagonist DKK1. Inhibition of EHMT2 expression or activity in human ERMS cell lines reduced DKK1 expression and elevated canonical Wnt signaling resulting in myogenic differentiation in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. Mechanistically, EHMT2 impacted Sp1 and p300 enrichment at the DKK1 promoter. The reduced tumor growth upon EHMT2 deficiency was reversed by recombinant DKK1 or LGK974, which also inhibits Wnt signaling. Consistently, among 13 drugs targeting chromatin modifiers, EHMT2 inhibitors were highly effective in reducing ERMS cell viability. Our study demonstrates that ERMS cells are vulnerable to EHMT2 inhibitors and suggest that targeting the EHMT2-DKK1-β-catenin node holds promise for differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Pal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Yu Leung
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gareth Chin Khye Ang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Rao
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luca Pignata
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maxime Hebrard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Te Chang
- Department of Pathology, KK Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Km Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Benn CL, Dawson LA. Clinically Precedented Protein Kinases: Rationale for Their Use in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:242. [PMID: 33117143 PMCID: PMC7494159 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are an intensively studied drug target class in current pharmacological research as evidenced by the large number of kinase inhibitors being assessed in clinical trials. Kinase-targeted therapies have potential for treatment of a broad array of indications including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In addition to the many variables which contribute to identification of a successful therapeutic molecule, drug discovery for CNS-related disorders also requires significant consideration of access to the target organ and specifically crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To date, only a small number of kinase inhibitors have been reported that are specifically designed to be BBB permeable, which nonetheless demonstrates the potential for success. This review considers the potential for kinase inhibitors in the context of unmet medical need for neurodegenerative disease. A subset of kinases that have been the focus of clinical investigations over a 10-year period have been identified and discussed individually. For each kinase target, the data underpinning the validity of each in the context of neurodegenerative disease is critically evaluated. Selected molecules for each kinase are identified with information on modality, binding site and CNS penetrance, if known. Current clinical development in neurodegenerative disease are summarized. Collectively, the review indicates that kinase targets with sufficient rationale warrant careful design approaches with an emphasis on improving brain penetrance and selectivity.
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60
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Zhu J, Wu Y, Xu L, Jin J. Theoretical Studies on the Selectivity Mechanisms of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) with Pyrazine ATP-competitive Inhibitors by 3DQSAR, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Free Energy Calculations. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2020; 16:17-30. [PMID: 31284868 PMCID: PMC6967214 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190708102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is associated with various key biological processes and has been considered as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of many diseases. Great efforts have been made on the development of GSK3 inhibitors, especially ATP-competitive GSK3β inhibitor, but it is still a great challenge to develop selective GSK3β inhibitors because of the high sequence homology with other kinases. Objective In order to reveal the selectivity mechanisms of GSK3β inhibition at the molecular level, a series of ATP-competitive GSK3β inhibitor was analyzed by a systematic computational method, combining 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations and free energy calculations. Methods Firstly, 3D-QSAR with CoMFA was built to explore the general structure activity relationships. Secondly, CDOCKER and Flexible docking were employed to predicted the reasonable docking poses of all studied inhibitors. And then, both GSK3β and CDK2 complexes were selected to conduct molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, the free energy calculations were employed to find the key selective-residues. Results CoMFA model suggested the steric, hydrophobic fields play key roles in the bioactivities of inhibitors, and the binding mechanisms were well analyzed through molecular docking. The binding free energies predicted are in good agreement with the experimental bioactivities and the free energy calculations showed that the binding of GSK3β/inhibitors was mainly contributed from hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. Conclusion Some key residues for selective binding were highlighted, which may afford important guidance for the rational design of novel ATP-competitive GSK3β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuanqing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Zhu J, Wu Y, Wang M, Li K, Xu L, Chen Y, Cai Y, Jin J. Integrating Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening With Multiple Protein Structures and Bio-Assay Evaluation for Discovery of Novel GSK3β Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:566058. [PMID: 33041806 PMCID: PMC7517831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.566058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is associated with various key biological processes, and it has been considered as a critical therapeutic target for the treatment of many diseases. However, it is a big challenge to develop ATP-competition GSK3β inhibitors because of the high sequence homology with other kinases. In this work, a novel parallel virtual screening strategy based on multiple GSK3β protein structures, integrating molecular docking, complex-based pharmacophore, and naive Bayesian classification, was developed to screen a large chemical database, the 50 compounds with top-scores then underwent a luminescent kinase assay, which led to the discovery of two GSK3β inhibitor hits. The high screening enrichment rate indicates the reliability and practicability of the integrated protocol. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were employed to investigate the binding modes of the GSK3β inhibitors, and some “hot residues” critical to GSK3β affinity were highlighted. The present study may provide some valuable guidance for the development of novel GSK3β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanqing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Prajapat M, Sarma P, Shekhar N, Kaur H, Singh S, Kumar S, Kaur H, Mahendiratta S, Sharma AR, Kaur S, Mahalmani VM, Medhi B. In silico docking and comparative ADMET profile of different glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitors as the potential leads for the development of anti-Alzheimer drug therapy. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2020; 11:194-201. [PMID: 33425704 PMCID: PMC7784934 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_178_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 β) plays a key role in pathologic hyper phosphorylation of tau and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we have screened a set of potential hits in in silico platform to gain insight regarding binding profile with the target (GSK3 β) from molecular docking, ADME/T, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The three screened compounds 6-BIBEO, 6-BIO, and SB216763 topped the docking score chart when subjected to hard scoring function extraprecision of GLIDE. The active site dynamics study through MD simulations provides insights on residues Asp133, Val135, and Ile62 which are in a state of minimum deviation from their mean special position while they interact with the respective ligands. The same molecules also displayed favorable pharmacokinetic profile, negative Ames test and falls correctly within drug-likeliness rules. These agents can be taken forward further for the development of anti-Alzheimer's drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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63
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Sampath C, Srinivasan S, Freeman ML, Gangula PR. Inhibition of GSK-3β restores delayed gastric emptying in obesity-induced diabetic female mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G481-G493. [PMID: 32812777 PMCID: PMC7654647 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00227.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic gastroparesis (DG) is a clinical syndrome characterized by delayed gastric emptying (DGE). Loss of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is associated with reduced neuronal nitric oxide synthase-α (nNOSα)-mediated gastric motility and DGE. Previous studies have shown that nuclear exclusion and inactivation of Nrf2 is partly regulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). In the current study, the molecular signaling of GSK-3β-mediated Nrf2 activation and its mechanistic role on DG were investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese/Type 2 diabetes (T2D) female mice. Adult female C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD or normal diet (ND) with or without GSK-3β inhibitor (SB 216763, 10 mg/kg body wt ip) start from the 14th wk and continued feeding mice for an additional 3-wk time period. Our results show that treatment with GSK-3β inhibitor SB attenuated DGE in obese/T2D mice. Treatment with SB restored impaired gastric 1) Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes through PI3K/ERK/AKT-mediated pathway, 2) tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, cofactor of nNOS) biosynthesis enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, and 3) nNOSα dimerization in obese/T2 diabetic female mice. SB treatment normalized caspase 3 activity and downstream GSK-3β signaling in the gastric tissues of the obese/T2 diabetic female mice. In addition, GSK-3β inhibitor restored impaired nitrergic relaxation in hyperglycemic conditions. Finally, SB treatment reduced GSK3 marker, pTau in adult primary enteric neuronal cells. These findings emphasize the importance of GSK-3β on regulating gastric Nrf2 and nitrergic mediated gastric emptying in obese/diabetic rodents.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) with SB 216763 attenuates delayed gastric emptying through gastric nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-phase II enzymes in high-fat diet-fed female mice. SB 216763 restored impaired gastric PI3K/AKT/ β-catenin/caspase 3 expression. Inhibition of GSK-3β normalized gastric dihydrofolate reductase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase-α expression, dimerization and nitrergic relaxation. SB 216763 normalized both serum estrogen and nitrate levels in female obese/Type 2 diabetes mice. SB 216763 reduced downstream signaling of GSK-3β in enteric neuronal cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- 1Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences and Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- 2Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pandu R. Gangula
- 1Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences and Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
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64
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Roca C, Campillo NE. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitors: a patent update (2016–2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:863-872. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1815706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roca
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro De Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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65
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Elangovan ND, Dhanabalan AK, Gunasekaran K, Kandimalla R, Sankarganesh D. Screening of potential drug for Alzheimer's disease: a computational study with GSK-3 β inhibition through virtual screening, docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:7065-7079. [PMID: 32779973 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1805362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The global impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitates intensive research to find appropriate and effective drugs. Many studies in AD suggested beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles-associated tau protein as the key targets for drug development. On the other hand, it is proved that triggering of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β) also cause AD, therefore, GSK-3β is a potential drug target to combat AD. We, in this study, investigated the ability of small molecules to inhibit GSK-3β through virtual screening, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME), induced-fit docking (IFD), molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculation. Besides, molecular docking was performed to reveal the binding and interaction of the ligand at the active site of GSK-3β. We found two compounds such as 6961 and 6966, which exhibited steady-state interaction with GSK-3β for 30 ns in molecular dynamics simulation. The compounds (6961 and 6966) also achieved a docking score of -9.05 kcal/mol and -8.11 kcal/mol, respectively, which is relatively higher than the GSK-3β II inhibitor (-6.73 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the compounds have a stable state during overall simulation time, and lesser root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) values compared with co-crystal. In conclusion, we suggest the two compounds (6966 and 6961) as potential leads that could be utilized as effective inhibitors of GSK-3β to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishnasamy Gunasekaran
- Center of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India.,Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India
| | - Devaraj Sankarganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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66
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Liu F, Tian N, Zhang HQ, Li SH, Zhou QZ, Yang Y, Zheng J, Wang JZ. GSK-3β activation accelerates early-stage consumption of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in senescent mice. Theranostics 2020; 10:9674-9685. [PMID: 32863953 PMCID: PMC7449917 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) deficits contribute to the progression of cognitive impairments during accelerated senescence, with the mechanistic causes poorly understood. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a critical regulator in prenatal neurodevelopment. The present study aims to study whether and how GSK-3β regulates AHN during the accelerated senescence. Methods: AHN and AHN-dependent cognition and GSK-3β were evaluated in 3- and 6-month senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAM-P8) and senescence resistant 1 (SAM-R1) mice, respectively. GSK-3β was selectively overexpressed in wild-type mice using adeno-associated virus, or knocked-out by crossbreeding with GSK-3β floxed mice in the neural stem cells (NSCs) of Nestin-Cre mice, or pharmacologically inhibited with SB216763 in SAM-P8 mice. AHN was evaluated by BrdU-, DCX-staining and retrovirus-labeling. Results: AHN transiently increased at 3-month, but dramatically dropped at 6-month of age in SAM-P8 mice with a simultaneous activation of GSK-3β at 3-month. Selective overexpression of GSK-3β in hippocampal NSCs of wildtype mice induced long-term AHN deficits due to an accelerated depletion of NSC pool, although it transiently increased the proliferation and survival of the newborn neurons. Pharmacologically inhibiting GSK-3β by SB216763 efficiently preserved AHN and improved contextual memory in 6-month SAM-P8 mice, while conditional knock-out of GSK-3β in NSCs impaired AHN. Conclusion: Early-stage activation of GSK-3β in NSCs impairs AHN by accelerating the depletion of NSC pool, and pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β is efficient to preserve AHN during the accelerated aging. These results reveal novel mechanisms underlying the AHN impairments during accelerated senescence and provide new targets for pro-neurogenic therapies for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hua-Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiu-Zhi Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
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Yang P, Xie J, Li Y, Lin HP, Fenske W, Clementino M, Jiang Y, Yang C, Wang Z. Deubiquitinase USP7-mediated MCL-1 up-regulation enhances Arsenic and Benzo(a)pyrene co-exposure-induced Cancer Stem Cell-like property and Tumorigenesis. Theranostics 2020; 10:9050-9065. [PMID: 32802178 PMCID: PMC7415806 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: MCL-1 is up-regulated in cancer and a target for cancer treatment. How MCL-1 is up-regulated and whether MCL-1 up-regulation plays a role in tumorigenic process is not well-known. Arsenic and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are well-recognized lung carcinogens and we recently reported that arsenic and BaP co-exposure acts synergistically in inducing cancer stem cell (CSC)-like property and lung tumorigenesis. This study was performed to further investigate the underlying mechanism focusing on the role of MCL-1. Methods: The spheroid formation assay and nude mouse tumorigenesis assay were used to determine the CSC-like property and tumorigenicity of arsenic plus BaP co-exposure-transformed human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, respectively. Biochemical, pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to manipulate gene expressions, dissect signaling pathways and determine protein-protein interactions. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches were used to validate the role of MCL-1 in arsenic plus BaP co-exposure-enhanced CSC-like property and tumorigenicity. Results: Arsenic plus BaP co-exposure-transformed cells express significantly higher protein levels of MCL-1 than the passage-matched control, arsenic or BaP exposure alone-transformed cells. Knocking down MCL-1 levels in arsenic plus BaP co-exposure-transformed cells significantly reduced their apoptosis resistance, CSC-like property and tumorigenicity in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that arsenic plus BaP co-exposure up-regulates MCL-1 protein levels by synergistically activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to increase the level of a deubiquitinase USP7, which in turn reduces the level of MCL-1 protein ubiquitination and prevents its subsequent proteasome degradation. Conclusions: The deubiquitinase USP7-mediated MCL-1 up-regulation enhances arsenic and BaP co-exposure-induced CSC-like property and tumorigenesis, providing the first evidence demonstrating that USP7 stabilizes MCL-1 protein during the tumorigenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hsuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - William Fenske
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marco Clementino
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134621. [PMID: 32610577 PMCID: PMC7370071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an ineluctable law of life. During the process of aging, the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders is prevalent in the elderly population and the predominant type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The clinical symptoms of AD include progressive memory loss and impairment of cognitive functions that interfere with daily life activities. The predominant neuropathological features in AD are extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated Tau. Because of its complex pathobiology, some tangible treatment can only ameliorate the symptoms, but not prevent the disease altogether. Numerous drugs during pre-clinical or clinical studies have shown no positive effect on the disease outcome. Therefore, understanding the basic pathophysiological mechanism of AD is imperative for the rational design of drugs that can be used to prevent this disease. Drosophilamelanogaster has emerged as a highly efficient model system to explore the pathogenesis and treatment of AD. In this review we have summarized recent advancements in the pharmacological research on AD using Drosophila as a model species, discussed feasible treatment strategies and provided further reference for the mechanistic study and treatment of age-related AD.
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69
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GSK-3-associated signaling is crucial to virus infection of cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118767. [PMID: 32522661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways play important roles in virus infection, replication, and associated pathogenesis. Some of the best understood cell signaling networks are crucial to virus infections such the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C (PKC), and the WNT/β-catenin pathways. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a lesser known signaling molecule in the field of virus research. Interestingly, GSK-3 forms the crux of multiple cell signaling pathways. However, recent studies indicate that GSK-3 may perform key roles in the response to viral infection, replication and pathogenesis. The effects of activated or inactivated forms of GSK-3 on virus infection are still not yet clearly understood phenomenon. The comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of GSK-3-associated signaling pathways in terms of different stages of virus replication could be important not only to understand the pathogenesis of virus, but also possibly leading to new therapeutic targets. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding the roles of GSK-3 on viral replication, pathogenesis and the immune responses.
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Raut GK, Manchineela S, Chakrabarti M, Bhukya CK, Naini R, Venkateshwari A, Reddy VD, Mendonza JJ, Suresh Y, Nallari P, Bhadra MP. Imine stilbene analog ameliorate isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:80-88. [PMID: 32311492 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to stress, in order to maintain proper cardiac function. However, sustained stress leads to pathological hypertrophy accompanied by maladaptive responses and ultimately heart failure. At the cellular level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in myocyte size, reactivation of the fetal gene markers, disassembly of the sarcomere and transcriptional remodelling which are regulated by heart-specific transcription factors like MEF2, GATA4 and immediate early genes like c-jun and c-fos.2. It has been explored and established that the hypertrophic process is associated by oxidative stress and mediated by pathways involving several terminal stress kinases like P38, JNK and ERK1/2. Stilbenoids are bioactive polyphenols and earlier studies have shown that imine stilbene exert cardioprotective and anti aging effects by acting as modulators of Sirt1. The present study was aimed at designing and synthesizing a series of imine stilbene analogs and investigate its anti hypertrophic effects and regulatory mechanism in cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. Interestingly one of the analog, compound 3e (10 μM) alleviated isoproterenol (ISO, 25 μM) induced hypertrophy in rat cardiomyocyte (H9c2) cells by showing a marked decrease in the myocyte size. Further, compound 3e also restored the cardiac function by activating the metabolic stress sensor, AMPK. Moreover, molecular docking studies showed stable binding between compound 3e and GSK3β suggesting that compound 3e may directly regulate GSK3β activity and ameliorate ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In agreement with this, compound 3e also modulated the crosstalk of all the hypertrophy inducing terminal Kinases by bringing down the expression to near control conditions. The compound also relieved H2O2 (100 μM) mediated ROS and normalized abnormal mitochondrial oxygen demand in hypertrophic conditions indicating the possibility of the compound to show promise in playing a role in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Raut
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Sairam Manchineela
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Moumita Chakrabarti
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Chaitanya Kumar Bhukya
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Raju Naini
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - A Venkateshwari
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetics Disease, Osmania University, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - V D Reddy
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Jolly Janette Mendonza
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Y Suresh
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Pratibha Nallari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India.
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Joshi A, Wang DH, Watterson S, McClean PL, Behera CK, Sharp T, Wong-Lin K. Opportunities for multiscale computational modelling of serotonergic drug effects in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108118. [PMID: 32380022 PMCID: PMC7322519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-specific neurodegenerative disease that compromises cognitive functioning and impacts the quality of life of an individual. Pathologically, AD is characterised by abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Despite research advances over the last few decades, there is currently still no cure for AD. Although, medications are available to control some behavioural symptoms and slow the disease's progression, most prescribed medications are based on cholinesterase inhibitors. Over the last decade, there has been increased attention towards novel drugs, targeting alternative neurotransmitter pathways, particularly those targeting serotonergic (5-HT) system. In this review, we focused on 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) mediated signalling and drugs that target these receptors. These pathways regulate key proteins and kinases such as GSK-3 that are associated with abnormal levels of Aβ and tau in AD. We then review computational studies related to 5-HT signalling pathways with the potential for providing deeper understanding of AD pathologies. In particular, we suggest that multiscale and multilevel modelling approaches could potentially provide new insights into AD mechanisms, and towards discovering novel 5-HTR based therapeutic targets. Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug treatment is limited, and alternatives are needed. Serotonin (5-HT) mediated signalling pathways may regulate Aβ and tau levels. 5-HT based drugs have the potential to provide as novel therapeutics for AD. Complex 5-HT signalling mechanisms for AD and related drugs hinder understanding. Multiscale models may offer insights into mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Joshi
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Da-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; School of System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven Watterson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Paula L McClean
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chandan K Behera
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Ulster University, Derry~Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Francisco CS, Javarini CL, de S Barcelos I, Morais PAB, de Paula H, de S Borges W, Neto ÁC, Lacerda V. Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives as Versatile Scaffolds for GSK-3β Enzyme Inhibition. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:153-160. [PMID: 31648640 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191019105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is involved in the phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase. GSK-3 inhibitors have been associated with a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer´s disease (AD), diabetes type II, neurologic disorders, and cancer. The inhibition of GSK-3β isoforms is likely to represent an effective strategy against AD. OBJECTIVE The present work aimed to design and synthesize coumarin derivatives to explore their potential as GSK-3β kinase inhibitors. METHODS The through different synthetic methods were used to prepare coumarin derivatives. The GSK-3β activity was measured through the ADP-Glo™ Kinase Assay, which quantifies the kinasedependent enzymatic production of ADP from ATP, using a coupled-luminescence-based reaction. A docking study was performed by using the crystallographic structure of the staurosporine/GSK-3β complex [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code: 1Q3D]. RESULTS The eleven coumarin derivatives were obtained and evaluated as potential GSK-3β inhibitors. Additionally, in silico studies were performed. The results revealed that the compounds 5c, 5d, and 6b inhibited GSK-3β enzymatic activity by 38.97-49.62% at 1 mM. The other coumarin derivatives were tested at 1 mM, 1 µM, and 1 nM concentrations and were shown to be inhibitor candidates, with significant IC50 (1.224-6.875 µM) values, except for compound 7c (IC50 = 10.809 µM). Docking simulations showed polar interactions between compound 5b and Lys85 and Ser203, clarifying the mechanism of the most potent activity. CONCLUSION The coumarin derivatives 3a and 5b, developed in this study, showed remarkable activity as GSK-3β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Francisco
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075-910 Vitoria - ES, Brazil
| | - Clara L Javarini
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075-910 Vitoria - ES, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro A B Morais
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Naturais e da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500-000 Alegre - ES, Brazil
| | - Heberth de Paula
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Naturais e da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500-000 Alegre - ES, Brazil
| | - Warley de S Borges
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075-910 Vitoria - ES, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Cunha Neto
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075-910 Vitoria - ES, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075-910 Vitoria - ES, Brazil
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Llorach-Pares L, Rodriguez-Urgelles E, Nonell-Canals A, Alberch J, Avila C, Sanchez-Martinez M, Giralt A. Meridianins and Lignarenone B as Potential GSK3β Inhibitors and Inductors of Structural Neuronal Plasticity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E639. [PMID: 32326204 PMCID: PMC7226462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) is an essential protein, with a relevant role in many diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Particularly, the isoform GSK3β is related to pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This enzyme constitutes a very interesting target for the discovery and/or design of new therapeutic agents against AD due to its relation to the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), and therefore, its contribution to neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) formation. An in silico target profiling study identified two marine molecular families, the indole alkaloids meridianins from the tunicate genus Aplidium, and lignarenones, the secondary metabolites of the shelled cephalaspidean mollusc Scaphander lignarius, as possible GSK3β inhibitors. The analysis of the surface of GSK3β, aimed to find possible binding regions, and the subsequent in silico binding studies revealed that both marine molecular families can act over the ATP and/or substrate binding regions. The predicted inhibitory potential of the molecules from these two chemical families was experimentally validated in vitro by showing a ~50% of increased Ser9 phosphorylation levels of the GSK3β protein. Furthermore, we determined that molecules from both molecular families potentiate structural neuronal plasticity in vitro. These results allow us to suggest that meridianins and lignarenone B could be used as possible therapeutic candidates for the treatment of GSK3β involved pathologies, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llorach-Pares
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain); (L.L.-P.); (C.A.)
- Mind the Byte S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Ened Rodriguez-Urgelles
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain); (L.L.-P.); (C.A.)
| | | | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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74
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Xu F, Na L, Li Y, Chen L. Roles of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases and tumours. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:54. [PMID: 32266056 PMCID: PMC7110906 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and angiogenesis. Compared with those of other signalling pathways, the components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are complicated. The regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are important in many human diseases, including ischaemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumours. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway inhibitors include single-component and dual inhibitors. Numerous PI3K inhibitors have exhibited good results in preclinical studies, and some have been clinically tested in haematologic malignancies and solid tumours. In this review, we briefly summarize the results of research on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and discuss the structural composition, activation, communication processes, regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Rd, Shanghai, 201318 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Lixin Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Linjun Chen
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
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Zhu YR, Jiang XX, Ye P, Wang ZM, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Chen SL, Zhang DM. Knockout of AKAP150 improves impaired BK channel-mediated vascular dysfunction through the Akt/GSK3β signalling pathway in diabetes mellitus. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4716-4725. [PMID: 32163656 PMCID: PMC7176888 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction resulting from diabetes is an important factor in arteriosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that during hyperglycaemia and diabetes, AKAP150 promotes vascular tone enhancement by intensifying the remodelling of the BK channel. However, the interaction between AKAP150 and the BK channel remains open to discussion. In this study, we investigated the regulation of impaired BK channel‐mediated vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Using AKAP150 null mice (AKAP150−/−) and wild‐type (WT) control mice (C57BL/6J), diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. We found that knockout of AKAP150 reversed vascular remodelling and fibrosis in mice with diabetes and in AKAP150−/− diabetic mice. Impaired Akt/GSK3β signalling contributed to decreased BK‐β1 expression in aortas from diabetic mice, and the silencing of AKAP150 increased Akt phosphorylation and BK‐β1 expression in MOVAS cells treated with HG medium. The inhibition of Akt activity caused a decrease in BK‐β1 expression, and treatment with AKAP150 siRNA suppressed GSK3β expression in the nuclei of MOVAS cells treated with HG. Knockout of AKAP150 reverses impaired BK channel‐mediated vascular dysfunction through the Akt/GSK3β signalling pathway in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaguo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dai-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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76
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GSK-3β-Targeting Fisetin Promotes Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae through β-Catenin Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010312. [PMID: 31906440 PMCID: PMC6982351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is found in many fruits and plants such as grapes and onions, and exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anticancer activity. However, whether fisetin regulates melanogenesis has been rarely studied. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of fisetin on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cell and zebrafish larvae. The current study revealed that fisetin slightly suppressed in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity; however, molecular docking data showed that fisetin did not directly bind to mushroom tyrosinase. Unexpectedly, fisetin significantly increased intracellular and extracellular melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells regardless of the presence or absence of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). We also found that the expression of melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), were highly increased 48 h after fisetin treatment. Pigmentation of zebrafish larvae by fisetin treatment also increased at the concentrations up to 200 µM and then slightly decreased at 400 µM, with no alteration in the heart rates. Molecular docking data also revealed that fisetin binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Therefore, we evaluated whether fisetin negatively regulated GSK-3β, which subsequently activates β-catenin, resulting in melanogenesis. As expected, fisetin increased the expression of β-catenin, which was subsequently translocated into the nucleus. In the functional assay, FH535, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, significantly inhibited fisetin-mediated melanogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Our data suggested that fisetin inhibits GSK-3β, which activates β-catenin, resulting in melanogenesis through the revitalization of MITF and tyrosinase.
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Lassagne F, Duguépéroux C, Roca C, Perez C, Martinez A, Baratte B, Robert T, Ruchaud S, Bach S, Erb W, Roisnel T, Mongin F. From simple quinoxalines to potent oxazolo[5,4-f]quinoxaline inhibitors of glycogen-synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Org Biomol Chem 2019; 18:154-162. [PMID: 31803883 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2,7-Disubstituted oxazolo[5,4-f]quinoxalines were synthesized from 6-amino-2-chloroquinoxaline in four steps (iodination at C5, substitution of the chloro group, amidation and copper-catalysed cyclization) affording 28 to 44% overall yields. 2,8-Disubstituted oxazolo[5,4-f]quinoxaline was similarly obtained from 6-amino-3-chloroquinoxaline (39% overall yield). For the synthesis of other oxazolo[5,4-f]quinoxalines, amidation was rather performed before substitution; moreover, time-consuming purification steps were avoided between the amines and the final products (38 to 54% overall yields). Finally, a more efficient method involving merging of the last two steps in a sequential process was developed to access more derivatives (37 to 65% overall yields). Most of the oxazolo[5,4-f]quinoxalines were evaluated for their activity on a panel of protein kinases, and a few 2,8-disubstituted derivatives proved to inhibit GSK3 kinase. While experiments showed an ATP-competitive inhibition on GSK3β, structure-activity relationships allowed us to identify 2-(3-pyridyl)-8-(thiomorpholino)oxazolo[5,4-f]quinoxaline as the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of about 5 nM on GSK3α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lassagne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime intercepts GSK3 signaling to promote and enhance skeletal muscle differentiation affecting miR-206 expression in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18091. [PMID: 31792344 PMCID: PMC6889408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration and weakness as consequence of their molecular abnormalities. Thus, new drugs for restoring skeletal muscle deterioration are critically needed. To identify new and alternative compounds with a functional role in skeletal muscle myogenesis, we screened a library of pharmacologically active compounds and selected the small molecule 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO) as an inhibitor of myoblast proliferation. Using C2C12 cells, we examined BIO’s effect during myoblast proliferation and differentiation showing that BIO treatment promotes transition from cell proliferation to myogenic differentiation through the arrest of cell cycle. Here, we show that BIO is able to promote myogenic differentiation in damaged myotubes in-vitro by enriching the population of newly formed skeletal muscle myotubes. Moreover, in-vivo experiments in CTX-damaged TA muscle confirmed the pro-differentiation capability of BIO as shown by the increasing of the percentage of myofibers with centralized nuclei as well as by the increasing of myofibers number. Additionally, we have identified a strong correlation of miR-206 with BIO treatment both in-vitro and in-vivo: the enhanced expression of miR-206 was observed in-vitro in BIO-treated proliferating myoblasts, miR-206 restored expression was observed in a forced miR-206 silencing conditions antagomiR-mediated upon BIO treatment, and in-vivo in CTX-injured muscles miR-206 enhanced expression was observed upon BIO treatment. Taken together, our results highlight the capacity of BIO to act as a positive modulator of skeletal muscle differentiation in-vitro and in-vivo opening up a new perspective for novel therapeutic targets to correct skeletal muscle defects.
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79
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Zhong W, Darmani NA. The pivotal role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) in vomiting evoked by specific emetogens in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva). Neurochem Int 2019; 132:104603. [PMID: 31738972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a constitutively active multifunctional serine-threonine kinase which is involved in diverse physiological processes. GSK-3 has been implicated in a wide range of diseases including neurodegeneration, inflammation, diabetes and cancer. GSK-3 is a downstream target for protein kinase B (Akt) which phosphorylates GSK-3 and suppresses its activity. Based upon our preliminary findings, we postulated Akt's involvement in emesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the participation of GSK-3 and the antiemetic potential of two GSK-3 inhibitors (AR-A014418 and SB216763) in the least shrew model of vomiting against fully-effective emetic doses of diverse emetogens, including the nonselective and/or selective agonists of serotonin type 3 (e.g. 5-HT or 2-Methyl-5-HT)-, neurokinin type 1 receptor (e.g. GR73632), dopamine D2 (e.g. apomorphine or quinpirole)-, and muscarinic 1 (e.g. pilocarpine or McN-A-343) receptors, as well as the L-type Ca2+ channel agonist (FPL64176), the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, and the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. We first determined if these emetogens could regulate the phosphorylation level of GSK-3 in the brainstem emetic loci of least shrews and then investigated whether AR-A014418 and SB216763 could protect against the evoked emesis. Phospho-GSK-3α/β Ser21/9 levels in the brainstem and the enteric nerves of jejunum in the small intestine were upregulated following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of all the tested emetogens. Furthermore, administration of AR-A014418 (2.5-20 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated both the frequency and percentage of shrews vomiting in response to i.p. administration of 5-HT (5 mg/kg), 2-Methyl-5-HT (5 mg/kg), GR73632 (5 mg/kg), apomorphine (2 mg/kg), quinpirole (2 mg/kg), pilocarpine (2 mg/kg), McN-A-343 (2 mg/kg), FPL64176 (10 mg/kg), or thapsigargin (0.5 mg/kg). Relatively lower doses of SB216763 exerted antiemetic efficacy, but both inhibitors barely affected cisplatin (10 mg/kg)-induced vomiting. Collectively, these results support the notion that vomiting is accompanied by a downregulation of GSK-3 activity and pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 protects against pharmacologically evoked vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - N A Darmani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Mossine AV, Knight A, Patnaik D, Zhao WN, Cheng C, Krishnan HS, Xuan LL, Chindavong PS, Reis SA, Chen JM, Shao X, Stauff J, Arteaga J, Sherman P, Salem N, Bonsall D, Amaral B, Varlow C, Wells L, Martarello L, Patel S, Liang SH, Kurumbail RG, Haggarty SJ, Scott PJH, Vasdev N. Structural Basis for Achieving GSK-3β Inhibition with High Potency, Selectivity, and Brain Exposure for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging and Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9600-9617. [PMID: 31535859 PMCID: PMC6883410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using structure-guided design, several cell based assays, and microdosed positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we identified a series of highly potent, selective, and brain-penetrant oxazole-4-carboxamide-based inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). An isotopologue of our first-generation lead, [3H]PF-367, demonstrates selective and specific target engagement in vitro, irrespective of the activation state. We discovered substantial ubiquitous GSK-3-specific radioligand binding in Tg2576 Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting application for these compounds in AD diagnosis and identified [11C]OCM-44 as our lead GSK-3 radiotracer, with optimized brain uptake by PET imaging in nonhuman primates. GSK-3β-isozyme selectivity was assessed to reveal OCM-51, the most potent (IC50 = 0.030 nM) and selective (>10-fold GSK-3β/GSK-3α) GSK-3β inhibitor known to date. Inhibition of CRMP2T514 and tau phosphorylation, as well as favorable therapeutic window against WNT/β-catenin signaling activation, was observed in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry/Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Andrew V. Mossine
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashley Knight
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry/Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Eisai AiM Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Debasis Patnaik
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Chialin Cheng
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hema S. Krishnan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Lucius L. Xuan
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Peter S. Chindavong
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Surya A. Reis
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jinshan Michael Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xia Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jenelle Stauff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Janna Arteaga
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phillip Sherman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicolas Salem
- Biogen, Research and Early Development Imaging, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Brenda Amaral
- Biogen, Research and Early Development Imaging, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cassis Varlow
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | | | - Laurent Martarello
- Biogen, Research and Early Development Imaging, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shil Patel
- Eisai AiM Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ravi G. Kurumbail
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- The Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry/Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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Jin H, Yang X, Zhao K, Zhao L, Chen C, Yu J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors protectagainst the acute lung injuries resulting from acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900609. [PMID: 31433000 PMCID: PMC6705337 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190060000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The research is intended for clarification of the efficacy as well as the underlying mechanism of GSK-3β inhibitors on the advancement of acute lung injuries in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) in rats. METHODS Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1)ANP-vehicle; (2)ANP-TDZD-8;(3)ANP-SB216763;(4)Sham-vehicle;(5)Sham-TDZD-8;(6)Sham-SB216763; Blood biochemical test, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis of rats pancreas and lung tissues were performed. The protein expression of GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9), iNOS, ICAM-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected in lung tissues by Western-blot. RESULTS The outcomes revealed that the intervention of GSK-3β inhibitors alleviated the pathological damage of pancreas and lung (P<0.01), reduced serum amylase, lipase, hydrothorax and lung Wet-to-Dry Ratio, attenuated serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 (P<0.01), inhibited the activation of NF-κB, and abated expression of iNOS, ICAM-1 and TNF-α protein, but up-regulated IL-10 expression in lung of ANP rats (P<0.01). The inflammatory response and various indicators in ANP-TDZD-8 groups were lower than those in ANP-SB216763 groups. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of GSK-3β weakens acute lung injury related to ANP via the inhibitory function of NF-κB signaling pathway. Different kinds of GSK-3β inhibitors have different effects to ANP acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhong Jin
- PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Acquisiton and analysis of data, manuscript writing
| | - Xiaojia Yang
- PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Acquisiton and analysis of data, manuscript writing
| | - Kailiang Zhao
- MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Conception and design of the study, supervised all phases of the study, final approval
| | - Liang Zhao
- MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Statistical analysis, manuscript preparation
| | - Chen Chen
- MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Statistical analysis, manuscript preparation
| | - Jia Yu
- MD, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China. Technical procedures, histopathological examinations
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Wu X, Stenson M, Abeykoon J, Nowakowski K, Zhang L, Lawson J, Wellik L, Li Y, Krull J, Wenzl K, Novak AJ, Ansell SM, Bishop GA, Billadeau DD, Peng KW, Giles F, Schmitt DM, Witzig TE. Targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 for therapeutic benefit in lymphoma. Blood 2019; 134:363-373. [PMID: 31101621 PMCID: PMC6659256 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018874560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the B-cell receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mTOR signaling pathways has shown meaningful, but incomplete, antitumor activity in lymphoma. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) α and β are 2 homologous and functionally overlapping serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate multiple protein substrates in several key signaling pathways. To date, no agent targeting GSK3 has been approved for lymphoma therapy. We show that lymphoma cells abundantly express GSK3α and GSK3β compared with normal B and T lymphocytes at the messenger RNA and protein levels. Utilizing a new GSK3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 and by genetic deletion of GSK3α and GSK3β genes using CRISPR/CAS9 knockout, GSK3 was demonstrated to be functionally important to lymphoma cell growth and proliferation. GSK3β binds to centrosomes and microtubules, and lymphoma cells treated with 9-ING-41 become arrested in mitotic prophase, supporting the notion that GSK3β is necessary for the progression of mitosis. By analyzing recently published RNA sequencing data on 234 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients, we found that higher expression of GSK3α or GSK3β correlates well with shorter overall survival. These data provide rationale for testing GSK3 inhibitors in lymphoma patient trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
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83
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Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Li J, Meng Y, Dou M, Noguchi CT, Di L. Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Reverses Obesity-Induced White Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Regulating Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage/CD5L-Mediated Macrophage Migration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2103-2116. [PMID: 30026270 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Obesity-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue, characterized by increased macrophage infiltration and associated with macrophage population shift from anti-inflammatory M2 to proinflammatory M1 macrophages, largely contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance and influences type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis. GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3), a serine/threonine kinase, has been reported to participate in various cellular processes. We sought to examine the potential mechanism by which GSK3, a serine/threonine kinase implicated in various cellular processes, modulates obesity-induced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation. Approach and Results- Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks while being treated with vehicle control or GSK3 inhibitors SB216763 or CHIR99021. RNA-sequencing results using VAT demonstrated that GSK3 inhibitor treatment reversed obesity-specific expression of genes associated with inflammation. Consistently, GSK3 inhibition reduced obesity-induced VAT inflammation as characterized by decreased proinflammatory M1 macrophages but increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the VAT and reduced circulatory inflammatory monocytes. These anti-inflammatory effects of GSK3 inhibition were found to be driven, at least in part, by inhibiting production of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage in macrophages via inactivating STAT3 to reduce free fatty acid and chemokine level produced from VAT to suppress the migration/chemotaxis of macrophages and monocytes. Conclusions- Our findings suggest that GSK3 may act as an important regulator of obesity-induced inflammation and characterize the novel role of GSK3 in shifting macrophage polarization and reinforce its therapeutic potential for obesity-induced inflammation and its associated diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China (L.W., Y.W., C.Z., J.L., Y.M., M.D., L.D.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China (L.W., Y.W., C.Z., J.L., Y.M., M.D., L.D.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China (L.W., Y.W., C.Z., J.L., Y.M., M.D., L.D.)
| | - Jingjing Li
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China (L.W., Y.W., C.Z., J.L., Y.M., M.D., L.D.)
| | - Yuan Meng
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China (L.W., Y.W., C.Z., J.L., Y.M., M.D., L.D.)
| | - Man Dou
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China (L.W., Y.W., C.Z., J.L., Y.M., M.D., L.D.)
| | - Constance Tom Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.N.)
| | - Lijun Di
- From the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, China (L.W., Y.W., C.Z., J.L., Y.M., M.D., L.D.)
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84
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Lu M, Wang P, Qiao Y, Jiang C, Ge Y, Flickinger B, Malhotra DK, Dworkin LD, Liu Z, Gong R. GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 antioxidant response: A molecular rheostat of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101275. [PMID: 31349118 PMCID: PMC6669347 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an important cause of kidney failure. However, how AKI is transformed into CKD remains elusive. Following folic acid injury, mice developed AKI with ensuing CKD transition, featured by variable degrees of interstitial fibrosis and tubular cell atrophy and growth arrest. This lingering injury of renal tubules was associated with sustained oxidative stress that was concomitant with an impaired Nrf2 antioxidant defense, marked by mitigated Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and blunted induction of its target antioxidant enzymes, like heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Activation of the canonical Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, nevertheless, seems intact during CKD transition because Nrf2 in injured tubules remained activated and elevated in cytoplasm. Moreover, oxidative thiol modification and activation of Keap1, the cytoplasmic repressor of Nrf2, was barely associated with CKD transition. In contrast, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, a key modulator of the Keap1-independent Nrf2 regulation, was persistently overexpressed and hyperactive in injured tubules. Likewise, in patients who developed CKD following AKI due to diverse etiologies, like volume depletion and exposure to radiocontrast agents or aristolochic acid, sustained GSK3β overexpression was evident in renal tubules and coincided with oxidative damages, impaired Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and mitigated induction of antioxidant gene expression. Mechanistically, the Nrf2 response against oxidative insult was sabotaged in renal tubular cells expressing a constitutively active mutant of GSK3β, but reinforced by ectopic expression of dominant negative GSK3β in a Keap1-independent manner. In vivo in folic acid-injured mice, targeting GSK3β in renal tubules via conditional knockout or by weekly microdose lithium treatment reinstated Nrf2 antioxidant response in the kidney and hindered AKI to CKD transition. Ergo, our findings suggest that GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 may serve as an actionable therapeutic target for modifying the long-term sequelae of AKI. AKI to CKD transition involves sustained GSK3β overactivation and impaired Nrf2 response in injured renal tubules. Microdose lithium rectifies GSK3β overactivity in the kidney, reinstates Nrf2 response and hinders AKI to CKD transition. GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 is a novel therapeutic target for modifying long-term sequelae of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | | | - Deepak K Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States.
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85
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Shukla R, Munjal NS, Singh TR. Identification of novel small molecules against GSK3β for Alzheimer's disease using chemoinformatics approach. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 91:91-104. [PMID: 31202091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a rapidly increasing neurodegenerative disease. It is a multifactorial disease and also a global threat. Several enzymes are implicated in the disease in which Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta is a key enzyme to increase the disease progression by the hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein. We have used an integrative chemoinformatics and pharmacokinetics approach for the identification of novel small molecules. We have retrieved a subset from the ZINC database (n = 5,36,709) and screened against GSK3β in four steps. From here top 298 potent compounds were selected and employed for their pharmacokinetics analysis. We had seen that 29 compounds showed the key characteristics to be a novel drug candidate therefore, all these compounds were employed for redocking studies using Autodock Vina and Autodock. This analysis revealed that four compounds were showing good binding affinity. All these four compounds were employed for MDS analysis of 100 ns From here using a bunch of MD analyses we have found that out of four compounds GSK3β-ZINC21011059 and GSK3β-ZINC21011066 act as a stable protein-ligand complex. Therefore we proposed ZINC21011059 and ZINC21011066 can serve as a novel compounds against GSK3β and predicted scaffold can be used for further optimization towards the improvement of isoform selectivity, and warranting further investigations towards their in vitro and in vivo validation of the bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT), Waknaghat, Solan, H.P, 173234, India
| | - Nupur S Munjal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT), Waknaghat, Solan, H.P, 173234, India
| | - Tiratha Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT), Waknaghat, Solan, H.P, 173234, India.
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86
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Nagini S, Sophia J, Mishra R. Glycogen synthase kinases: Moonlighting proteins with theranostic potential in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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87
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Stygar D, Andrare D, Bażanów B, Chełmecka E, Sawczyn T, Skrzep-Poloczek B, Olszańska E, Karcz KW, Jochem J. The Impact of DJOS Surgery, a High Fat Diet and a Control Diet on the Enzymes of Glucose Metabolism in the Liver and Muscles of Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:571. [PMID: 31164832 PMCID: PMC6534097 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes type 2 (T2DM) and obesity is growing exponentially and becoming a global public health problem. The enzymes of glucose metabolism play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. A pathophysiological link between different dietary patterns, HFD, obesity, T2DM and the enzymes of glucose metabolism can be used as a potential target in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity, and T2DM. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of DJOS bariatric surgery and different types of dietary patterns on glycogen synthase kinase 3 α (GSK-3α), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM, PYGL), and phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) concentrations in liver and soleus muscle tissues of rats. After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HF) or control diet (CD), rats underwent duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) or SHAM (control) surgery. After surgery, for the next 8 weeks, half of DJOS/SHAM animals were kept on the same diet as before, and half had a changed diet. The concentrations of GSK-3α, PYGM, PYGL and PFK-1 were measured in the soleus muscles and livers of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The type of diet applied before/after surgery had stronger impact on levels of selected metabolic enzymes than DJOS or SHAM surgery. The impact of DJOS surgery was visible for GSK-3α and PYGL concentration in the liver but not in the soleus muscle tissue. The type of bariatric surgery had an impact on liver GSK-3α concentration in all studied groups except the CD/CD group, where the impact of diet was stronger. DJOS bariatric surgery influenced the level of PYGL in the livers of rats maintained on the CD/CD diet but not from other groups. The dietary patterns applied before and after bariatric surgery, had a stronger impact on enzymes’ concentrations than DJOS surgery, and the strong, deleterious effect of an HF was observed. A change of the diet per se showed a negative impact on the enzymes’ tissue concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorian Andrare
- Clinic of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Bażanów
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Chełmecka
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sawczyn
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Olszańska
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Konrad Wojciech Karcz
- Clinic of General, Visceral, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerzy Jochem
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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88
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Saravanan K, Hunday G, Kumaradhas P. Binding and stability of indirubin-3-monoxime in the GSK3β enzyme: a molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:957-974. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1591301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindasamy Hunday
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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89
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Li H, Zhao Q, Chang L, Wei C, Bei H, Yin Y, Chen M, Wang H, Liang J, Wu Y. LncRNA MALAT1 modulates ox-LDL induced EndMT through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:62. [PMID: 30871555 PMCID: PMC6417088 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays significant roles in atherosclerosis, but the regulatory mechanisms involving lncRNAs remain to be elucidated. Here we sort to identify the role of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in ox-LDL-induced EndMT. Methods The atherosclerosis model was established by feeding ApoE−/− mice with high-fat diet, and the levels of lncRNA MALAT1 in mouse arterial tissue were detected by RT-qPCR. Cell model was established by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with ox-LDL, and the levels of EndMT markers, such as CD31, vWF, α-SMA and Vimentin and lncRNA MALAT1 levels were detected and their correlations were analyzed. The role of MALAT1 in EndMT and its dependence on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was further detected by knocking down or overexpressing MALAT1. Results MALAT1 was upregulated in high-fat food fed ApoE−/− mice. HUVECs treated with ox-LDL showed a significant decrease in expression of CD31 and vWF, a significant increase in expression of α-SMA and vimentin, and upregulated MALAT1. An increased MALAT1 level facilitated the nuclear translocation of β-catenin induced by ox-LDL. Inhibition of MALAT1 expression reversed nuclear translocation of β-catenin and EndMT. Moreover, overexpression of MALAT1 enhanced the effects of ox-LDL on HUVEC EndMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Conclusions Our study revealed that the pathological EndMT required the activation of the MALAT1-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which may be important for the onset of atherosclerosis. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrong Li
- Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qifei Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Liping Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Luobing, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Hongying Bei
- Yiling Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Yujie Yin
- Yiling Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050090, China
| | - Meng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Junqing Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China. .,Yiling Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
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90
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Gamir-Morralla A, Sacristán S, Medina M, Iglesias T. Effects of Thioflavin T and GSK-3 Inhibition on Lifespan and Motility in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Tauopathy. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:47-57. [PMID: 30842997 PMCID: PMC6400111 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a powerful model organism to study lifespan and aging, protein aggregation, and neurodegeneration, as well as to carry out drug screenings. The C. elegans strain aex-3/T337 expresses human pathogenic V337M mutant tau under a pan-neuronal promoter and presents uncoordinated locomotion, accumulation of phosphorylated insoluble tau, and shortened lifespan. Herein we have used this strain to assay two compounds that could affect tau aggregation and/or phosphorylation, and looked for phenotypic changes in their lifespan and motility. The first compound is Thioflavin T (ThT), a member of the tetracycline family with protein antiaggregant properties, yet to be tested in a tauopathy model. The second is a novel small molecule, NP103, a highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), the main kinase contributing to pathogenic tau hyperphosphorylation. Importantly, we find that ThT extends lifespan of aex-3/T337 worms as it does with control N2 animals, showing both strains similar locomotion features under this treatment. By contrast, NP103 improves the paralysis phenotype of aex-3/T337 mutants but not their lifespan. Our results show that both treatments present beneficial effects for this model of tauopathy and encourage pursuing further investigations on their therapeutic potential for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gamir-Morralla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Sacristán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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91
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Arioka M, Takahashi-Yanaga F. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor as a multi-targeting anti-rheumatoid drug. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 165:207-213. [PMID: 30776323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that causes swelling, bone erosion, and joint disorder. Patients with RA therefore suffer from pain and physiological disability, and have a decreased quality of life. During the progression of RA, many different types of cells and inflammatory factors influence each other with an important role. A better understanding of the pathology of RA should therefore lead to the development of effective anti-rheumatoid drugs, such as the anti-TNFα antibody. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in a large number of key cellular processes and is dysregulated in a wide variety of diseases, including inflammation and osteoporosis. The accumulated evidence has suggested that GSK-3 could be involved in multiple steps in the progression of RA. In the present review, the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of RA are summarized, and recent developments and potential new drugs targeting GSK-3 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Arioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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92
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Arshad F, Khan MF, Akhtar W, Alam MM, Nainwal LM, Kaushik SK, Akhter M, Parvez S, Hasan SM, Shaquiquzzaman M. Revealing quinquennial anticancer journey of morpholine: A SAR based review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:324-356. [PMID: 30776694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Morpholine, a six-membered heterocycle containing one nitrogen and one oxygen atom, is a moiety of great significance. It forms an important intermediate in many industrial and organic syntheses. Morpholine containing drugs are of high therapeutic value. Its wide array of pharmacological activity includes anti-diabetic, anti-emetic, growth stimulant, anti-depressant, bronchodilator and anticancer. Multi-drug resistance in cancer cases have emerged in the last few years and have led to the failure of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Newer treatment methods and drugs are being developed to overcome this problem. Target based drug discovery is an effective method to develop novel anticancer drugs. To develop newer drugs, previously reported work needs to be studied. Keeping this in mind, last five year's literature on morpholine used as anticancer agents has been reviewed and summarized in the paper herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Arshad
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Kaushik
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | | | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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93
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Sahoo S, S. B. Pharmacogenomic assessment of herbal drugs in affective disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1148-1162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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94
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Wu YY, Hsieh CT, Chiu YM, Chou SC, Kao JT, Shieh DC, Lee YJ. GSK-3 inhibitors enhance TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208094. [PMID: 30557366 PMCID: PMC6296518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis has been reported in some cancer cells, including AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Reducing this resistance might shed light on the treatment of human gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, we examined whether glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors can restore TRAIL responsiveness in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The effect of two GSK-3 inhibitors, SB-415286, and LiCl, on apoptosis signaling of TRAIL in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines and primary gastric epithelial cells was analyzed. Both inhibitors can sensitize gastric adenocarcinoma cells, but not primary gastric epithelial cells, to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing caspase-8 activity and its downstream signal transmission. Adding p53 siRNA can downregulate GSK-3 inhibitor-related sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. GSK-3 inhibitors strongly activate the phosphorylation of JNK. Inhibition of JNK leads to earlier and more intense apoptosis, showing that the activation of JNK may provide anti-apoptotic equilibrium of pro-apoptotic cells. Our observations indicate that GSK-3 inhibitors can sentize AGS gastric adenocarcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, in certain types of gastric adenocarcinoma, GSK-3 inhibitor might enhance the antitumor activity of TRAIL and mightbe a promising candidate for the treatment of certain types of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chin-Tung Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ming Chiu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chieh Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ta Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Chen Shieh
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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95
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Mohana S, Ganesan M, Rajendra Prasad N, Ananthakrishnan D, Velmurugan D. Flavonoids modulate multidrug resistance through wnt signaling in P-glycoprotein overexpressing cell lines. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1168. [PMID: 30477461 PMCID: PMC6260573 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signaling has been linked with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression and which was mainly mediated by β-catenin nuclear translocation. Flavonoids have already been reported as modulators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and hence they may serve as promising agents in the reversal of P-gp mediated cancer multi drug resistance (MDR). METHODS In this study, we screened selected flavonoids against Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules. The binding interaction of flavonoids (theaflavin, quercetin, rutin, epicatechin 3 gallate and tamarixetin) with GSK 3β was determined by molecular docking. Flavonoids on P-gp expression and the components of Wnt signaling in drug-resistant KBCHR8-5 cells were analyzed by western blotting and qRT-PCR. The MDR reversal potential of these selected flavonoids against P-gp mediated drug resistance was analyzed by cytotoxicity assay in KBCHR8-5 and MCF7/ADR cell lines. The chemosensitizing potential of flavonoids was further analyzed by observing cell cycle arrest in KBCHR8-5 cells. RESULTS In this study, we observed that the components of Wnt/β-catenin pathway such as Wnt and GSK 3β were activated in multidrug resistant KBCHR8-5 cell lines. All the flavonoids selected in this study significantly decreased the expression of Wnt and GSK 3β in KBCHR8-5 cells and subsequently modulates P-gp overexpression in this drug-resistant cell line. Further, we observed that these flavonoids considerably decreased the doxorubicin resistance in KBCHR8-5 and MCF7/ADR cell lines. The MDR reversal potential of flavonoids were found to be in the order of theaflavin > quercetin > rutin > epicatechin 3 gallate > tamarixetin. Moreover, we observed that flavonoids pretreatment significantly induced the doxorubicin-mediated arrest at the phase of G2/M. Further, the combinations of doxorubicin with flavonoids significantly modulate the expression of drug response genes in KBCHR8-5 cells. CONCLUSION The present findings illustrate that the studied flavonoids significantly enhances doxorubicin-mediated cell death through modulating P-gp expression pattern by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in drug-resistant KBCHR8-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
| | - M Ganesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
| | - D Ananthakrishnan
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Velmurugan
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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96
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Conditional deletion of Rcan1 predisposes to hypertension-mediated intramural hematoma and subsequent aneurysm and aortic rupture. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4795. [PMID: 30442942 PMCID: PMC6237779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) can evolve toward reabsorption, dissection or aneurysm. Hypertension is the most common predisposing factor in IMH and aneurysm patients, and the hypertensive mediator angiotensin-II induces both in mice. We have previously shown that constitutive deletion of Rcan1 isoforms prevents Angiotensin II-induced aneurysm in mice. Here we generate mice conditionally lacking each isoform or all isoforms in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, or ubiquitously, to determine the contribution to aneurysm development of Rcan1 isoforms in vascular cells. Surprisingly, conditional Rcan1 deletion in either vascular cell-type induces a hypercontractile phenotype and aortic medial layer disorganization, predisposing to hypertension-mediated aortic rupture, IMH, and aneurysm. These processes are blocked by ROCK inhibition. We find that Rcan1 associates with GSK-3β, whose inhibition decreases myosin activation. Our results identify potential therapeutic targets for intervention in IMH and aneurysm and call for caution when interpreting phenotypes of constitutively and inducibly deficient mice.
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97
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Duda P, Wiśniewski J, Wójtowicz T, Wójcicka O, Jaśkiewicz M, Drulis-Fajdasz D, Rakus D, McCubrey JA, Gizak A. Targeting GSK3 signaling as a potential therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:833-848. [PMID: 30244615 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1526925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is at the center of cellular signaling and controls various aspects of brain functions, including development of the nervous system, neuronal plasticity and onset of neurodegenerative disorders. Areas covered: In this review, recent efforts in elucidating the roles of GSK3 in neuronal plasticity and development of brain pathologies; Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and age-related neurodegeneration are described. The effect of microglia and astrocytes on development of the pathological states is also discussed. Expert opinion: GSK3β and its signaling pathway partners hold great promise as therapeutic target(s) for a multitude of neurological disorders. Activity of the kinase is often elevated in brain disorders. However, due to the wide range of GSK3 cellular targets, global inhibition of the kinase leads to severe side-effects and GSK3 inhibitors rarely reach Phase-2 clinical trials. Thus, a selective modulation of a specific cellular pool of GSK3 or specific down- or upstream partners of the kinase might provide more efficient anti-neurodegenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Duda
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Janusz Wiśniewski
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Olga Wójcicka
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Michał Jaśkiewicz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Dominika Drulis-Fajdasz
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - James A McCubrey
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- a Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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98
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Reinhart D, Damjanovic L, Castan A, Ernst W, Kunert R. Differential gene expression of a feed-spiked super-producing CHO cell line. J Biotechnol 2018; 285:23-37. [PMID: 30157452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Feed supplements are concentrated cell culture media that contain a variety of nutrients, which can be added during a bioprocess. During fed-batch cultivation, feed media are typically added to a growing cell culture to maximize cell and product concentrations. In this study, only a single shot of feed medium was added on day 0 to a basal cell culture medium and compared to non-supplemented basal medium (feed-spiked at day 0 versus control experiments) by cultivation of a recombinant mAb expressing CHO cell line in batch mode under controlled conditions in a bioreactor. Since the feed-spike at day 0 was based on existing medium components without introducing additional supplements, a desirable process with decreased complexity was generated. Unlike cells in basal medium, feed-spiked cultures reached almost 2× higher peak cell concentrations (10 × 106 c/mL vs. 18 × 106 c/mL) and 3× higher antibody concentrations (0.8 g/L vs. 2.4 g/L). Batch process time and the integral over the viable cell count were similar for both process types. Constantly high cell-specific production rates in feed-spiked cultures (70 pg/cell/day) compared to continuously declining rates in basal medium (from 70 to 10 pg/cell/day) were responsible for an overall 70% higher cell-specific production rate and the higher product concentrations. To associate gene expression patterns to different process proceedings, transcriptome analysis was performed using microarrays. Several transcripts that are involved with glutamine de novo synthesis and citric acid cycle were significantly upregulated on several days in feed-spiked cultures. The top identified gene ontology (GO) terms related well to cell cycle and primary metabolism, cellular division as well as nucleobase formation or regulation, which indicated a more active proliferative state for feed-spiked cultures. KEGG biochemical pathway analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further confirmed these findings from a complementary perspective. Moreover, several interesting gene targets, which have not yet been associated with recombinant protein expression, were identified that related to a higher proliferative state, growth, protein synthesis, cell-size control, metabolism, cell survival as well as genes that are associated with the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in feed-spiked cultures. Analysis of critical product quality attributes (i.e. glycosylation, charge variants and size distribution) showed that feed-spiking did not change antibody quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reinhart
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lukas Damjanovic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Castan
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences AB, Björkgatan 30, 75184, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Wolfgang Ernst
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Renate Kunert
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Mohammed A, Islam MS. Spice-Derived Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Agents or Food Adjuvant in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:893. [PMID: 30186162 PMCID: PMC6113848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spices possess tremendous therapeutic potential including hypoglycemic action, attributed to their bioactive ingredients. However, there is no study that critically reviewed the hypoglycemic potency, safety and the bioavailability of the spice-derived bioactive ingredients (SDBI). Therefore, the aim of the study was to comprehensively review all published studies regarding the hypoglycemic action of SDBI with the purpose to assess whether the ingredients are potential hypoglycemic agents or adjuvant. Factors considered were concentration/dosages used, the extent of blood glucose reduction, the IC50 values, and the safety concern of the SDBI. From the results, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, diosgenin, thymoquinone (TQ), and trigonelline were showed the most promising effects and hold future potential as hypoglycemic agents. Conclusively, future studies should focus on improving the tissue and cellular bioavailability of the promising SDBI to achieve greater potency. Additionally, clinical trials and toxicity studies are with these SDBI are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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