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Labuda R, Bacher M, Rosenau T, Gratzl H, Doppler M, Hager S, Marko D, Wiesner C, Očková M, Ollinger N, Wagner M, Schüller C, Strauss J. Chemical composition of anti-microbially active fractions derived from extract of filamentous fungus Keratinophyton Lemmensii including three novel bioactive compounds. Sci Rep 2024; 14:25310. [PMID: 39455635 PMCID: PMC11511975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-75510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Screening for new bioactive microbial metabolites, we found a novel okaramine derivative, for which we propose the trivial name lemmokaramine, as well as two already known okaramine congeners - okaramine H and okaramine J - responsible for antimicrobial activity of the recently described microscopic filamentous fungus, Keratinophyton lemmensii BiMM-F76 (= CCF 6359). In addition, two novel substances, a new cyclohexyl denominated lemmensihexol and a new tetrahydroxypyrane denominated lemmensipyrane, were purified and characterized. The compounds were isolated from the culture extract of the fungus grown on modified yeast extract sucrose medium by means of flash chromatography followed by preparative HPLC. The chemical structures were elucidated by NMR and LC-MS. The new okaramine (lemmokaramine) exerted antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi and anticancer activity against different mammalian cell lines (Caco-2, HCT116, HT29, SW480, MCM G1, and MCM DLN). Furthermore, we found a significant antioxidant effect of lemmokaramine following H2O2 treatment indicated by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. This is the first report describing analysis and structural elucidation of bioactive metabolites for the onygenalean genus Keratinophyton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Labuda
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules, Screening and Analysis and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Markus Bacher
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules, Screening and Analysis and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannes Gratzl
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules, Screening and Analysis and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Maria Doppler
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules, Screening and Analysis and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sonja Hager
- Department for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wiesner
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems AT, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Monika Očková
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems AT, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Nicole Ollinger
- FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600, Wels, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Schüller
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules, Screening and Analysis and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules, Screening and Analysis and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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Shen Y, Ding N, Gu L, Yu M, Li Q, Sun W, Chen C, Zhang Y, Zhu H. Maydisens, Sesterterpenoids with Anti-MDR Activity from Bipolaris maydis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:2408-2420. [PMID: 39356676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Fourteen previously undescribed sesterterpenoids (1-14) were isolated from Bipolaris maydis. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HRESIMS, DP4+ calculations, ECD calculations, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and the modified Mosher's method. Compounds 1-5 possess an uncommon 5/11 bicyclic ring system identified from B. maydis for the first time. Compounds 6-14 have a 5/8/5 tricyclic ring system, and these compounds both possess carbonyl groups in ring A. Compound 10 showed significant reversal of paclitaxel resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanjin Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghu Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Kousar MU, Yaseen M, Yousouf M, Malik MA, Mushtaq A, Mukhtar T, Javaid R, Aijaz A, Jabeen A, Amin T. Aflatoxins in cereal based products-an overview of occurrence, detection and health implication. Toxicon 2024; 251:108148. [PMID: 39454764 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are naturally produced toxins by specific molds, namely Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These toxins can be found in various agricultural products, including crops like maize, peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts. They have the potential to contaminate the food supply during different stages of production, processing, and storage. Aflatoxin is a very poisonous substance that has been linked to adverse health effects in both humans and animals. It is essential to detect and monitor aflatoxins to ensure the safety of food. Efficient and precise analytical techniques, such as chromatography and immunoassays, have been used to accurately measure the levels of aflatoxins in different substances. Regulatory bodies and worldwide associations have determined maximum permissible limits for aflatoxins in food and nourishment products to protect the well-being of the general public. Effectively addressing aflatoxin contamination necessitates a comprehensive approach that encompasses various strategies in agriculture, post-harvest practices, and regulatory measures. Continuous research and collaborative endeavors are crucial in order to minimize aflatoxin exposure and mitigate the associated risks. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the presence, health consequences, and elimination techniques associated with aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtahin-Ul Kousar
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Mifftha Yaseen
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Monisa Yousouf
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Malik
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology Malda, WB, 732141, India.
| | - Aarizoo Mushtaq
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Taha Mukhtar
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Rifat Javaid
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Anam Aijaz
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Abida Jabeen
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India.
| | - Tawheed Amin
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
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Seidler Y, Rimbach G, Lüersen K, Vinderola G, Ipharraguerre IR. The postbiotic potential of Aspergillus oryzae - a narrative review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1452725. [PMID: 39507340 PMCID: PMC11538067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1452725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae has a long tradition in East Asian food processing. It is therefore not surprising that in recent years fermentation products of A. oryzae have attracted attention in the emerging field of postbiotics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the potential postbiotic effects of fermentation products from A. oryzae, by discussing possible mechanisms of action against the background of the molecular composition determined so far. In particular, cell wall constituents, enzymes, extracellular polymeric substances, and various metabolites found in A. oryzae fermentation preparations are described in detail. With reference to the generally assumed key targets of postbiotics, their putative beneficial bioactivities in modulating the microbiota, improving epithelial barrier function, influencing immune responses, metabolic reactions and signaling through the nervous system are assessed. Drawing on existing literature and case studies, we highlight A. oryzae as a promising source of postbiotics, particularly in the context of animal health and nutrition. Challenges and opportunities in quality control are also addressed, with a focus on the necessity for standardized methods to fully harness the potential of fungal-based postbiotics. Overall, this article sheds light on the emerging field of A. oryzae-derived postbiotics and emphasizes the need for further research to fully realize their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Seidler
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Novak JK, Kennedy PG, Gardner JG. Transcriptomic analyses of bacterial growth on fungal necromass reveal different microbial community niches during degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0106224. [PMID: 39264205 PMCID: PMC11497827 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01062-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are major drivers of organic matter decomposition and play crucial roles in global nutrient cycling. Although the degradation of dead fungal biomass (necromass) is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, the genes and metabolic pathways involved in necromass degradation are less characterized. In particular, how bacteria degrade necromass containing different quantities of melanin, which largely control rates of necromass decomposition in situ, is largely unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a multi-timepoint transcriptomic analysis using three Gram-negative, bacterial species grown on low or high melanin necromass of Hyaloscypha bicolor. The bacterial species, Cellvibrio japonicus, Chitinophaga pinensis, and Serratia marcescens, belong to genera known to degrade necromass in situ. We found that while bacterial growth was consistently higher on low than high melanin necromass, the CAZyme-encoding gene expression response of the three species was similar between the two necromass types. Interestingly, this trend was not shared for genes encoding nitrogen utilization, which varied in C. pinensis and S. marcescens during growth on high vs low melanin necromass. Additionally, this study tested the metabolic capabilities of these bacterial species to grow on a diversity of C and N sources and found that the three bacteria have substantially different utilization patterns. Collectively, our data suggest that as necromass changes chemically over the course of degradation, certain bacterial species are favored based on their differential metabolic capacities.IMPORTANCEFungal necromass is a major component of the carbon (C) in soils as well as an important source of nitrogen (N) for plant and microbial growth. Bacteria associated with necromass represent a distinct subset of the soil microbiome and characterizing their functional capacities is the critical next step toward understanding how they influence necromass turnover. This is particularly important for necromass varying in melanin content, which has been observed to control the rate of necromass decomposition across a variety of ecosystems. Here we assessed the gene expression of three necromass-degrading bacteria grown on low or high melanin necromass and characterized their metabolic capacities to grow on different C and N substrates. These transcriptomic and metabolic studies provide the first steps toward assessing the physiological relevance of up-regulated CAZyme-encoding genes in necromass decomposition and provide foundational data for generating a predictive model of the molecular mechanisms underpinning necromass decomposition by soil bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Novak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland—Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland—Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Gourav S, Singh G, Xess I, Gupta S, Rana B, Mishra H, Pandey M. Cladosporium cladosporioides brain abscess: An enigmatic case. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101514. [PMID: 39488860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 10/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
A fifteen-year-old boy was brought to emergency department with complaints of altered sensorium, aphasia and right sided hemiparesis following severe dengue one month back. On physical examination, tone was flaccid and power was diminished in right upper and lower limbs. Reflexes were diminished in all four limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple well defined thin walled ring-enhancing lesions in left basal ganglia, bilateral cerebellum, left occipital lobe and bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal lobes. The basal ganglia focus was tapped. Potassium hydroxide-calcofluor white mount of the intra-operative pus sample showed fragmented septate hyphae with folding and with wide variations in breadth. A provisional report of septate and aseptate hyphae suggestive of mixed infection was given. Empirical voriconazole was stopped and the patient was started on liposomal amphotericin B to cover a broader spectrum of molds. Subsequently, fungal culture of the pus sample grew off-white glabrous colonies in multiple culture tubes. On lactophenol cotton blue mount, shield cells were seen suggestive of Cladosporium spp. Amphotericin B was stopped after provisional identification of Cladosporium spp. was given by the laboratory and IV voriconazole was started. The identification was confirmed to be Cladosporium cladosporioides by microculture and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the 18s ribosomal DNA. The patient improved with drainage of the largest basal ganglia focus and voriconazole. This case exemplifies the potential of saprobic fungi to cause invasive infections in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Gourav
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Immaculata Xess
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sonakshi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bhaskar Rana
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Mragnayani Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Du HZ, Lu YH, Cheewangkoon R, Liu JK. Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals novel species and new records of Nigrograna (Nigrogranaceae) associated with medicinal plants in Southwestern China. MycoKeys 2024; 110:1-33. [PMID: 39493641 PMCID: PMC11525206 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.110.132628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
During a survey of saprobic fungal niches in Southwestern China, eighteen ascomycetous collections of Nigrograna (Nigrogranaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) were found on dead branches of medicinal plants. These taxa were characterized and identified based on morphological and culture characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses of a combined the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA (ITS), nuclear large subunit rDNA (28S, LSU), RNA polymerase second-largest subunit (rpb2), nuclear small subunit rDNA (18S, SSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) sequence dataset also confirmed their placement. As a result, four novel species, namely Nigrogranacamelliae, N.guttulata, N.longiorostiolata and N.neriicola were described. Additionally, four new host records of N.acericola, N.magnoliae, N.oleae and N.thymi were introduced. Furthermore, this study addresses the taxonomic status of N.trachycarpi, proposing its synonymy under N.oleae. Detailed illustrations, descriptions and informative notes for each newly identified taxon and novel host record are provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhi Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Yu-Hang Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jian-Kui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Lu ML, Yuan GH, Rehemujiang H, Li CC, Hu LH, Duan PP, Zhang LD, Diao QY, Deng KD, Xu GS. Effects of spent substrate of oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus) on ruminal fermentation, microbial community and growth performance in Hu sheep. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1425218. [PMID: 39507332 PMCID: PMC11538048 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1425218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Pleurotus Spent Mushroom Substrate (P.SMS) on the rumen microbiota, encompassing bacteria and fungi, as well as their interactions in Hu sheep. Methods A total of forty-five 3-month-old Hu sheep were randomly assigned to five groups. Each group was fed diets in which whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) was substituted with P.SMS at varying levels: 0% (CON), 5% (PSMS5), 10% (PSMS10), 15% (PSMS15), or 20% (PSMS20). Results The results indicated that higher proportions of P.SMS during the experimental period might have a detrimental effect on feed utilization efficiency, kidney function, and blood oxygen-carrying capacity. Notably, moderate levels of P.SMS, specifically below 15%, were associated with improvements in rumen NH3-N levels and absorption capacity. The results indicated that (1) PSMS20 exhibited a significantly higher feed-to-gain ratio compared to CON (P < 0.05); (2) PSMS15 showed a significantly higher NH3-N content than CON, PSMS5, and PSMS20. Additionally, PSMS10 and PSMS20 had elevated concentrations of NH3-N compared to CON and PSMS5 (P < 0.05); (3) The length and width of rumen papillae were significantly greater in PSMS20 compared to CON and PSMS5 (P < 0.05); (4) Creatinine levels were significantly higher in PSMS20 than in CON, PSMS5, and PSMS10 (P < 0.05); (5) By the conclusion of the experiment, hemoglobin concentration in PSMS20 showed a significant increase compared to CON (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of P.SMS influenced microorganisms at both the phylum and genus levels: (1) At the phylum level, the prevalence of Patescibacteria was significantly lower in PSMS20 compared to the other groups; (2) PSMS15 exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of Basidiomycota compared to CON and PSMS10, while PSMS20 also demonstrated significantly higher relative abundances compared to CON (P < 0.05); (3) At the genus level, the prevalence of Candidatus_Saccharimonas in PSMS20 was significantly lower than in PSMS5, PSMS10, and PSMS15. Conversely, the prevalence of Phanerochaete in PSMS15 was notably higher than in CON and PSMS10, and it was also significantly elevated in PSMS20 compared to CON (P < 0.05); (4) Correlation analysis indicated no significant correlation between changes in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities. Discussion Considering these findings, a high percentage of P.SMS negatively impacted feed utilization efficiency, blood oxygen carrying capacity, and kidney function, while a moderate percentage of P.SMS promotes rumen absorption capacity, indicating that feeding 10% P.SMS is optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Long Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Guo-Hong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Halidai Rehemujiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Forage Resources Utilization around Tarim, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Chang-Chang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Li-Hong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Ping-Ping Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Li-Dong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Qi-Yu Diao
- Institute of Feed Research/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Dong Deng
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Shan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Forage Resources Utilization around Tarim, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tarim University, Alar, China
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Wang S, Wang Y, Shi X, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Chen X, Liu F, Laborda P. Application and antagonistic mechanisms of atoxigenic Aspergillus strains for the management of fungal plant diseases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0108524. [PMID: 39287398 PMCID: PMC11497832 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01085-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This review covers, for the first time, all methods based on the use of Aspergillus strains as biocontrol agents for the management of plant diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes. Atoxigenic Aspergillus strains have been screened in a variety of hosts, such as peanuts, maize kernels, and legumes, during the preharvest and postharvest stages. These strains have been screened against a wide range of pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phytophthora, and Pythium species, suggesting a broad applicability spectrum. The highest efficacies were generally observed when using non-toxigenic Aspergillus strains for the management of mycotoxin-producing Aspergillus strains. The modes of action included the synthesis of antifungal metabolites, such as kojic acid and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, competition for space and nutrients, and induction of disease resistance. Aspergillus strains degraded Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia, showing high control efficacy against this pathogen. Collectively, although two Aspergillus strains have been commercialized for aflatoxin degradation, a new application of Aspergillus strains is emerging and needs to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
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Insuk C, Cheeptham N, Lausen C, Xu J. DNA metabarcoding analyses reveal fine-scale microbiome structures on Western Canadian bat wings. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0037624. [PMID: 39436130 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00376-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy wings are vital for the survival and reproduction of bats, and wing microbiome is a key component of bat wing health. However, relatively little is known about the wing microbiome of bats in western Canada where the white nose syndrome has become an increasing threat. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding to investigate the bacterial and fungal communities on the wings of three bat species: the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), the Yuma myotis (Myotis yumanensis), and the little brown myotis (M. lucifugus) from four field sites in Lillooet, British Columbia, Canada. The bacterial 16S rRNA metabarcoding revealed a total of 4,167 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 27 phyla, 639 genera, and 533 known and 2,423 unknown species. The wing bacteria were dominated by phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria, and the most common genera were Delftia, Bordetella, Sphingomonas, Phyllobacterium, Bradyrhizobium, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium. The fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metabarcoding revealed a total of 11,722 ASVs belonging to 16 phyla, 806 genera, and 1,420 known and 10,302 unknown species. The wing fungi were dominated by phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Motierellomycota, and the most common genera were Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Mycosphaerella. Principal coordinates analysis showed that both bat species and field sites contributed variably to the diversity and distribution of bacterial and fungal communities on bat wings. Interestingly, both positive and negative correlations were found in their relative abundances among several groups of microbial taxa. We discuss the implications of our results for bat health, including the management of P. destructans infection and white-nose syndrome spread. IMPORTANCE Microbiomes play important roles in host health. White-nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal infection of bat wings and muzzles, has threatened bat populations across North America since 2006. Recent research suggest that the skin microbiome of bats may play a significant role in bat's susceptibility to WNS. However, relatively little is known about the skin microbiome composition and function in bats in Western Canada, a region with a high diversity of bats, but WNS has yet to be a major issue. Here, we revealed high bacterial and fungal diversities on the skin of three common bat species in Lillooet, British Columbia, including several highly prevalent microbial species that have been rarely reported in other regions. Our analyses showed fine-scale structures of bat wing microbiome based on local sites and bat species. The knowledge obtained from WNS-naïve bat populations in this study may help develop mitigation and management strategies against WNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadabhorn Insuk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naowarat Cheeptham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cori Lausen
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Kaslo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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61
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van Heerden A, Pham NQ, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ, Wilken PM. Six type-I PKS classes and highly conserved melanin and elsinochrome gene clusters found in diverse Elsinoë species. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:990. [PMID: 39438784 PMCID: PMC11515665 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Elsinoë species are phytopathogenic fungi that cause serious scab diseases on economically important plants. The disease symptoms arise from the effects of a group of phytotoxins known as elsinochromes, produced via a type-I polyketide synthase (PKS) biosynthetic pathway. The elsinochrome gene cluster was first annotated in Elsinoë fawcettii where the main type-I PKS gene was characterized as EfPKS1. A later study showed that this gene and the associated cluster had not been correctly annotated, and that EfPKS1 was actually the anchor gene of the melanin biosynthetic pathway. A new type-I PKS gene EfETB1 associated with elsinochrome production was also identified. The aim of this study was to identify all type-I PKS genes in the genomes of seven Elsinoë species with the goal of independently verifying the PKS containing clusters for both melanin and elsinochrome production. A total of six type-I PKS classes were identified, although there was variation between the species in the number and type of classes present. Genes similar to the E. fawcettii EfPKS1 and EfETB1 type-I PKS genes were associated with melanin and elsinochrome production respectively in all species. The complete melanin and elsinochrome PKS containing clusters were subsequently annotated in all the species with high levels of synteny across Elsinoë species. This study provides a genus-level overview of type-I PKS distribution in Elsinoë species, including an additional line of support for the annotation of the melanin and elsinochrome PKS containing clusters in these important plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alishia van Heerden
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nam Q Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Brenda D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - P Markus Wilken
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Zhou LJ, Li XL, Yuan HS. Three new wood-inhabiting fungi of Botryobasidium (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from subtropical forests of Southwestern China. MycoKeys 2024; 109:337-354. [PMID: 39478835 PMCID: PMC11522739 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.109.133325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The basidiomycete genus Botryobasidium is a resupinate saprotrophic with a global distribution range from coniferous to broad-leaved forest ecosystems. Though numerous species have been reported from Eurasia and North America, few have been described from China. In the current work, phylogenetic analyses of Botryobasidium in China were conducted based on the dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit (LSU) of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree, and three new species, namely Botryobasidiumacanthosporum, B.leptocystidiatum and B.subovalibasidium, were described from subtropical forests of Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Botryobasidiumacanthosporum is characterized by having yellowish white to dark yellow basidiome, clavate to tubular cystidia, and subglobose to globose basidiospores with obtuse spines. Botryobasidiumleptocystidiatum is characterized by having fluffy to arachnoid, greyish white to ivory basidiome, generative hyphae with clamped, tubular cystidia, and subnavicular to navicular basidiospores. While, B.subovalibasidium is characterized by having yellowish to ivory basidiome, subovoid basidia, navicular to suburniform basidiospores, and thick-walled chlamydospores. These three new species are described and illustrated, and the discriminating characters between the new species and their closely related species are discussed. A key to known species of Botryobasidium in China is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, ChinaInstitute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xue-Long Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, ChinaInstitute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesLiaoningChina
| | - Hai-Sheng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, ChinaInstitute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina
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Anh NM, Minh LTH, Linh NT, Dao PT, Quynh DT, Huong DTM, Van Cuong P, Huyen VTT, Dat TTH. Secondary metabolites from marine fungus Penicillium chrysogenum VH17 and their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:1254-1260. [PMID: 39152047 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
One new compound, methyl 3-((1-((2-carbamoylphenyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-3-oxopropanoate (1), along with 9 known secondary metabolites (2-10) were isolated and elucidated chemical structures from the methanol extract of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum VH17. Subsequent bioassays showed the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of the isolated compounds. All compounds 1-10 displayed antimicrobial effects against at least one tested reference microorganism with MIC values ranging from 32 to 256 µg mL-1. Furthermore, compound 4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against all tested cell lines, HepG2, A549, and MCF7 with IC50 values of 29.43 ± 1.37, 33.02 ± 1.53, and 36.72 ± 1.88 µM, respectively, whereas compound 3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 87.17 ± 6.31 and 97.32 ± 5.66 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Mai Anh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Hong Minh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Linh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phi Thi Dao
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Quynh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Doan Thi Mai Huong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Van Cuong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Thu Huyen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientifc Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST, Hue city, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
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Reynaud Y, Gelasse A, Multigner L, Quénel P, Talarmin A, Guyomard-Rabenirina S. Looking for Pathogens in Dust from North Africa Arriving in the French West Indies Using Metabarcoding and Cultivable Analysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2111. [PMID: 39458420 PMCID: PMC11510511 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodically, the French West Indies receive dust originating from North Africa (NA). Microorganisms associated with desert dust can be transported over long distances through the atmosphere and could represent a means for the remote colonization of new habitats by putatively pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity and frequency of microbial agents (bacteria, eukaryotes) in NA dusts and the potential threat toward human and/or animal health by comparing microbial air composition during dust events and in control samples. In 2017 and 2018, 16 samples were collected during seven NA dust episodes and there were 9 controls. The microbial composition of the samples was characterized using a cultivable approach and by metabarcoding analyses (16S and 18S). A greater bacterial load and greater diversity were observed during the dust events, and some genera were significantly associated with the events. Some, such as Geodermatophilus, can be considered signature species of NA dust. No pathogenic species were found with the cultivable approach, whereas the metabarcoding analyses highlighted the presence of several potentially pathogenic species or known human pathogens such as Naegleria fowleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Reynaud
- Unité Transmission Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, 97139 Les Abymes, France
| | - Andric Gelasse
- Unité Transmission Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, 97139 Les Abymes, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, UMR_S 1085, INSERM, EHESP, University Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France (P.Q.)
| | - Philippe Quénel
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, UMR_S 1085, INSERM, EHESP, University Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France (P.Q.)
| | - Antoine Talarmin
- Unité Transmission Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, 97139 Les Abymes, France
| | - Stéphanie Guyomard-Rabenirina
- Unité Transmission Réservoir et Diversité des Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, 97139 Les Abymes, France
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65
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Hau PT, Shiu A, Tam EWT, Chau ECT, Murillo M, Humer E, Po WW, Yu RCW, Fung J, Seto SW, Tsang CC, Chow FWN. Diversity and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Yeasts from Mangroves in Hong Kong, China-A One Health Aspect. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:728. [PMID: 39452680 PMCID: PMC11508678 DOI: 10.3390/jof10100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
While mangrove ecosystems are rich in biodiversity, they are increasingly impacted by climate change and urban pollutants. The current study provides first insights into the emergence of potentially pathogenic yeasts in Hong Kong's mangroves. Sediment and water samples were collected from ten urban and rural mangroves sites. Initial CHROMagarTM Candida Plus screening, representing the first application of this differential medium for water and soil samples collected from a non-clinical environment, enabled the rapid, preliminary phenotypic identification of yeast isolates from mangroves. Subsequent molecular profiling (ITS and/or 28S nrDNA sequencing) and antifungal drug susceptibility tests were conducted to further elucidate yeast diversity and drug resistance. A diversity of yeasts, including 45 isolates of 18 distinct species across 13 genera/clades, was isolated from sediments and waters from Hong Kong mangroves. Molecular profiling revealed a dominance of the Candida/Lodderomyces clade (44.4%), a group of notorious opportunistic pathogens. The findings also reveal a rich biodiversity of non-Candida/Lodderomyces yeasts in mangroves, including the first reported presence of Apiotrichum domesticum and Crinitomyces flavificans. A potentially novel Yamadazyma species was also discovered. Remarkably, 14.3% of the ubiquitous Candida parapsilosis isolates displayed resistance to multiple antifungal drugs, suggesting that mangroves may be reservoirs of multi-drug resistance. Wildlife, especially migratory birds, may disseminate these hidden threats. With significant knowledge gaps regarding the environmental origins, drug resistance, and public health impacts of pathogenic yeasts, urgent surveillance is needed from a One Health perspective. This study provides an early warning that unrestrained urbanization can unleash resistant pathogens from coastal ecosystems globally. It underscores the necessity for enhanced surveillance studies and interdisciplinary collaboration between clinicians, ornithologists, and environmental microbiologists to effectively monitor and manage this environmental health risk, ensuring the maintenance of 'One Health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak-Ting Hau
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Anson Shiu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Emily Wan-Ting Tam
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Eddie Chung-Ting Chau
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Michaela Murillo
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Eva Humer
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Am Campus Krems, Trakt G, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Wai-Wai Po
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Ray Chun-Wai Yu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Joshua Fung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franklin Wang-Ngai Chow
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (P.-T.H.); (E.C.-T.C.); (M.M.); (R.C.-W.Y.); (J.F.)
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Raymundo T, Martínez-González CR, Martínez-Pineda M, Cobos-Villagrán A, Ramírez-Rosales I, Valenzuela R. Three New Species of Mytilinidioid Fungi (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:725. [PMID: 39452677 PMCID: PMC11514609 DOI: 10.3390/jof10100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mytilinidioid fungi are conchiform in nature, with the appearance of bivalve shells or wedge-shaped, rigid, brittle, and carbonaceous hysterothecia growing on the bark of gymnosperms or angiosperms. Based on their morphological characteristics and molecular markers (ITS and LSU), this study describes three new species of mytilinidioid fungi: Ericboehmia mexicana of the family Hysteriaceae of the order Hysteriales and Lophium pinicola and Mytilinidion mexicanum of the family Mytilinidiaceae of the order Mytilinidiales. The first species grows on Liquidambar styracyphlua, the second species grows on Pinus patula, and the third species grows on Acacia californica subsp. pringlei. The specimens studied were deposited in the ENCB Herbarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Raymundo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Micología, Prolongación de Carpio and Plan de Ayala s.n., Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (T.R.); (M.M.-P.); (A.C.-V.)
| | - César R. Martínez-González
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Horticultura, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, km 38.5 Carretera Federal México-Texcoco, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Michelle Martínez-Pineda
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Micología, Prolongación de Carpio and Plan de Ayala s.n., Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (T.R.); (M.M.-P.); (A.C.-V.)
| | - Aurora Cobos-Villagrán
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Micología, Prolongación de Carpio and Plan de Ayala s.n., Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (T.R.); (M.M.-P.); (A.C.-V.)
| | - Isabel Ramírez-Rosales
- Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus Principale, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Ricardo Valenzuela
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Botánica, Laboratorio de Micología, Prolongación de Carpio and Plan de Ayala s.n., Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (T.R.); (M.M.-P.); (A.C.-V.)
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Mo Y, Bier R, Li X, Daniels M, Smith A, Yu L, Kan J. Agricultural practices influence soil microbiome assembly and interactions at different depths identified by machine learning. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1349. [PMID: 39424928 PMCID: PMC11489707 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-07059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Agricultural practices affect soil microbes which are critical to soil health and sustainable agriculture. To understand prokaryotic and fungal assembly under agricultural practices, we use machine learning-based methods. We show that fertility source is the most pronounced factor for microbial assembly especially for fungi, and its effect decreases with soil depths. Fertility source also shapes microbial co-occurrence patterns revealed by machine learning, leading to fungi-dominated modules sensitive to fertility down to 30 cm depth. Tillage affects soil microbiomes at 0-20 cm depth, enhancing dispersal and stochastic processes but potentially jeopardizing microbial interactions. Cover crop effects are less pronounced and lack depth-dependent patterns. Machine learning reveals that the impact of agricultural practices on microbial communities is multifaceted and highlights the role of fertility source over the soil depth. Machine learning overcomes the linear limitations of traditional methods and offers enhanced insights into the mechanisms underlying microbial assembly and distributions in agriculture soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Mo
- Sino-French Engineer School, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Raven Bier
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | | | | | - Lei Yu
- Sino-French Engineer School, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinjun Kan
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA, USA.
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68
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Li XZ, Li YL, Wang YN, Zhu JS. Translation of Mutant Repetitive Genomic Sequences in Hirsutella sinensis and Changes in the Secondary Structures and Functional Specifications of the Encoded Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11178. [PMID: 39456960 PMCID: PMC11508423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple repetitive sequences of authentic genes commonly exist in fungal genomes. AT-biased genotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis have been hypothesized as repetitive pseudogenes in the genome of Hirsutella sinensis (GC-biased Genotype #1 of O. sinensis) and are generated through repeat-induced point mutation (RIP), which is charactered by cytosine-to-thymine and guanine-to-adenine transitions, concurrent epigenetic methylation, and dysfunctionality. This multilocus study examined repetitive sequences in the H. sinensis genome and transcriptome using a bioinformatic approach and revealed that 8.2% of the authentic genes had repetitive copies, including various allelic insertions/deletions, transversions, and transitions. The transcripts for the repetitive sequences, regardless of the decreases, increases, or bidirectional changes in the AT content, were identified in the H. sinensis transcriptome, resulting in changes in the secondary protein structure and functional specification. Multiple repetitive internal transcribed spacer (ITS) copies containing multiple insertion/deletion and transversion alleles in the genome of H. sinensis were GC-biased and were theoretically not generated through RIP mutagenesis. The repetitive ITS copies were genetically and phylogenetically distinct from the AT-biased O. sinensis genotypes that possess multiple transition alleles. The sequences of Genotypes #2-17 of O. sinensis, both GC- and AT-biased, were absent from the H. sinensis genome, belong to the interindividual fungi, and differentially occur in different compartments of the natural Cordyceps sinensis insect-fungi complex, which contains >90 fungal species from >37 genera. Metatranscriptomic analyses of natural C. sinensis revealed the transcriptional silencing of 5.8S genes in all C. sinensis-colonizing fungi in natural settings, including H. sinensis and other genotypes of O. sinensis. Thus, AT-biased genotypes of O. sinensis might have evolved through advanced evolutionary mechanisms, not through RIP mutagenesis, in parallel with GC-biased Genotype #1 of H. sinensis from a common genetic ancestor over the long course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China or (X.-Z.L.); or (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yu-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China or (X.-Z.L.); or (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Jia-Shi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China or (X.-Z.L.); or (Y.-L.L.)
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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69
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Zhang YP, Li Y, Nakasone KK, He SH. Stratocorticium sinensis gen. et sp. nov. and Cericium gloeocystidiatum sp. nov. ( Cyphellaceae, Agaricales) from East Asia. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:722. [PMID: 39452674 PMCID: PMC11509246 DOI: 10.3390/jof10100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyphellaceae, a small and under-studied family of Agaricales, includes mostly saprophytic taxa with varied basidiomes. In this study, we focus on wood-decay species with corticioid or stereoid basidiomes. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated ITS-nrLSU sequences uncovered seven generic lineages of corticioid or stereoid fungi-Acanthocorticium, Cericium, Chondrostereum, Cunninghammyces, Gloeostereum, Granulobasidium, and Stratocorticium gen. nov. The genus Cericium is shown to be in the Cyphellaceae family, and two new species, Cericium gloeocystidiatum and Stratocorticium sinensis, are described from East Asia. Morphologically, Ce. gloeocystidiatum is characterized by resupinate basidiomes with smooth hymenophores, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and micro-binding hyphae, cystidia with resinous-like or golden yellow contents, and ellipsoid basidiospores. Stratocorticium is monotypic, differing from Cericium by a trimitic hyphal system of clamped generative, micro-binding, and brown, thick-walled skeletal-like hyphae, clavate to cylindrical cystidia with homogenous, colorless contents, and hyphidia. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new taxa and Cericium luteoincrustatum, and a key to corticioid or stereoid genera in Cyphellaceae is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.-P.Z.)
| | - Yue Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.-P.Z.)
| | - Karen K. Nakasone
- Center for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Shuang-Hui He
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.-P.Z.)
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70
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Cea-Sánchez S, Martín-Villanueva S, Gutiérrez G, Cánovas D, Corrochano LM. VE-1 regulation of MAPK signaling controls sexual development in Neurospora crassa. mBio 2024; 15:e0226424. [PMID: 39283084 PMCID: PMC11481897 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02264-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction in fungi allows genetic recombination and increases genetic diversity, allowing adaptation and survival. The velvet complex is a fungal-specific protein assembly that regulates development, pathogenesis, and secondary metabolism in response to environmental cues, such as light. In Neurospora crassa, this complex comprises VE-1, VE-2, and LAE-1. Deletion of ve-1 or ve-2, but not lae-1, leads to increased conidiation (asexual spore formation) and reduced sexual development. Mutants lacking ve-1 and/or ve-2 are female sterile and male fertile, indicating that a VE-1/VE-2 complex regulates the development of female structures. During sexual development, we observed differential regulation of 2,117 genes in dark and 4,364 genes in light between the wild type and the ∆ve-1 strain. The pheromone response and cell wall integrity pathways were downregulated in the ∆ve-1 mutant, especially in light. Additionally, we found reduced levels of both total and phosphorylated MAK-1 and MAK-2 kinases. In vitro experiments demonstrated the binding of VE-1 and VE-2 to the promoters of mak-1 and mak-2, suggesting a direct regulatory role of VE-1/VE-2 in the transcriptional control of MAPK genes to regulate sexual development. Deletion of the photosensor gene white-collar 1 prevented the light-dependent inhibition of sexual development in the ∆ve-1 mutant by increasing transcription of the pheromone response and cell wall integrity pathway genes to the levels in the dark. Our results support the proposal that the regulation of the MAP kinase pathways by the VE-1/VE-2 complex is a key element in transcriptional regulation that occurs during sexual development. IMPORTANCE Sexual reproduction generates new gene combinations and novel phenotypic traits and facilitates evolution. Induction of sexual development in fungi is often regulated by environmental conditions, such as the presence of light and nutrients. The velvet protein complex coordinates internal cues and environmental signals to regulate development. We have found that VE-1, a component of the velvet complex, regulates transcription during sexual development in the fungus Neurospora crassa. VE-1 regulates the transcription of many genes, including those involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways that are essential in the regulation of sexual development, and regulates the activity of the MAPK pathway. Our findings provide valuable insights into how fungi respond to environmental signals and integrate them into their reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cea-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Martín-Villanueva
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - David Cánovas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis M. Corrochano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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71
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Oggerin M, del Moral C, Rodriguez N, Fernandez-Gonzalez N, Martínez JM, Lorca I, Amils R. Metal tolerance of Río Tinto fungi. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2024; 5:1446674. [PMID: 39479218 PMCID: PMC11521807 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1446674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
Southwest Spain's Río Tinto is a stressful acidic microbial habitat with a noticeably high concentration of toxic heavy metals. Nevertheless, it has an unexpected degree of eukaryotic diversity in its basin, with a high diversity of fungal saprotrophs. Although some studies on the eukaryotic diversity in Rio Tinto have been published, none of them used molecular methodologies to describe the fungal diversity and taxonomic affiliations that emerge along the river in different seasons. The aim of the present study was to isolate and describe the seasonal diversity of the fungal community in the Río Tinto basin and its correlation with the physicochemical parameters existing along the river's course. The taxonomic affiliation of 359 fungal isolates, based on the complete internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences, revealed a high degree of diversity, identifying species belonging primarily to the phylum Ascomycota, but representatives of the Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota phyla were also present. In total, 40 representative isolates along the river were evaluated for their tolerance to toxic heavy metals. Some of the isolates were able to grow in the presence of 1000 mM of Cu2+, 750 mM of As5+ and Cd2+, and 100 mM of Co2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monike Oggerin
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina del Moral
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - José Manuel Martínez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Lorca
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Amils
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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72
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Cai G, Zhao Y, Zhai Y, Yan M, Ma R, Zhang D. Two new species of Cytospora (Diaporthales, Cytosporaceae) causing canker disease of Malusdomestica and M.sieversii in Xinjiang, China. MycoKeys 2024; 109:305-318. [PMID: 39450332 PMCID: PMC11499669 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.109.131456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Apple tree canker is a serious disease caused by species of Cytospora. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is one of the most important apple-producing areas in China. However, losses due to apple Cytospora canker have seriously damaged the apple industry and affected the economic development of the apple growers in this region. In this study, we used morphological characteristics combined with multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, act, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 loci to identify isolates from apple (Malusdomestica) and wild apple (M.sieversii). As a result, C.hippophaopsis sp. nov. from M.sieversii and C.shawanensis sp. nov. from M.domestica were discovered and proposed herein. Pathogenicity tests were further conducted on 13 varieties of apple and wild apple, which confirmed C.hippophaopsis and C.shawanensis as canker pathogens. Meanwhile, C.hippophaopsis is generally more aggressive than C.shawanensis on the tested varieties of apple and wild apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Cai
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, ChinaXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
- Forestry and Grassland Technology Extension Center of Changji Prefecture, Changji 831100, ChinaForestry and Grassland Technology Extension Center of Changji PrefectureChangjiChina
| | - Ying Zhao
- Forestry and Grassland Resources Monitoring Center of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi, 830002, ChinaForestry and Grassland Resources Monitoring Center of Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsUrumqiChina
| | - Yawei Zhai
- China Energy Engineering Group Xin Jiang Electric Power Design Institute CO., LTD., Urumqi, 830050, ChinaChina Energy Engineering Group Xin Jiang Electric Power Design Institute CO., LTD.UrumqiChina
| | - Meilin Yan
- Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Hinggan League, Hinggan, 137599, ChinaForestry and Grassland Bureau of Hinggan LeagueHingganChina
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, ChinaXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyUrumqiChina
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyUrumqiChina
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73
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Chen A, Le DP, Smith LJ, Kafle D, Aitken EAB, Gardiner DM. Assessing the Pathogenicity of Berkeleyomyces rouxiae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:715. [PMID: 39452667 PMCID: PMC11508790 DOI: 10.3390/jof10100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important fibre crop worldwide. Black root rot and Fusarium wilt are two major diseases of cotton caused by soil-borne Berkeleyomyces rouxiae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), respectively. Phenotyping plant symptoms caused by soil-borne pathogens has always been a challenge. To increase the uniformity of infection, we adapted a seedling screening method that directly uses liquid cultures to inoculate the plant roots and the soil. Four isolates, each of B. rouxiae and Fov, were collected from cotton fields in Australia and were characterised for virulence on cotton under controlled plant growth conditions. While the identities of all four B. rouxiae isolates were confirmed by multilocus sequencing, only two of them were found to be pathogenic on cotton, suggesting variability in the ability of isolates of this species to cause disease. The four Fov isolates were phylogenetically clustered together with the other Australian Fov isolates and displayed both external and internal symptoms characteristic of Fusarium wilt on cotton plants. Furthermore, the isolates appeared to induce varied levels of plant disease severity indicating differences in their virulence on cotton. To contrast the virulence of the Fov isolates, four putatively non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) isolates collected from cotton seedlings exhibiting atypical wilt symptoms were assessed for their ability to colonise cotton host. Despite the absence of Secreted in Xylem genes (SIX6, SIX11, SIX13 and SIX14) characteristic of Fov, all four Fo isolates retained the ability to colonise cotton and induce wilt symptoms. This suggests that slightly virulent strains of Fo may contribute to the overall occurrence of Fusarium wilt in cotton fields. Findings from this study will allow better distinction to be made between plant pathogens and endophytes and allow fungal effectors underpinning pathogenicity to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Duy P. Le
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia;
| | - Linda J. Smith
- Ecosciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (L.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dinesh Kafle
- Ecosciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (L.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Elizabeth A. B. Aitken
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Donald M. Gardiner
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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de Freitas MD, Dantas Lima Junior R, Freitas da Silva FE, Inokuti EM, Hansen Oster A, Zampieri D, Souza Lima C, Pacheco Fill T, Gomes de Lemos TL. Unraveling the antifungal composition of bitter orange decoction against the melon pathogen Fusarium jinanense. Food Chem 2024; 455:139769. [PMID: 38843716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) is an important source of essential oils with high antimicrobial activities, however the composition and antifungal potential of the decoction peels is little explored. This study assessed the peel decoction's chemical profile at the secondary metabolism level and its antifungal activity against the melon phytopathogen Fusarium jinanense. The decoction's antifungal potential was investigated using a bioassay-guided fractionation approach based on Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and LC-HRMS/MS analysis. Coumarins and flavones were the most abundant classes of compounds in the high-value fractions responsible for up to 61% of the mycelial inhibition of F. jinanense. Overall, this study has presented for the first time the chemical composition, the antifungal potential of the decoction of C. aurantium peels and the compounds associated with these results. This strategy can guide the exploration of under-explored food sources and add value to compounds or fractions enriched with bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daiane de Freitas
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60021-940, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliane Mayumi Inokuti
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Andréia Hansen Oster
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, 95701-008, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Davila Zampieri
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60021-940, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Souza Lima
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Taicia Pacheco Fill
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Telma Leda Gomes de Lemos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60021-940, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Fajardo-Cantos Á, Peña E, Plaza-Álvarez P, González-Romero J, Moya D, González-Camuñas H, Díaz A, Botella R, Lucas-Borja M, De Las Heras J. Soil response in a Mediterranean forest ecosystem of Southeast Spain following early prescribed burning. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37948. [PMID: 39391506 PMCID: PMC11466612 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalation of global warming, high temperatures, and wildfire frequency in dry ecosystems, including semi-arid landscapes, has resulted in increased wildfire regimes, compromising ecosystem resistance and resilience. To mitigate these risks, prescribed burning (PB) is being employed as a preventive measure to modify fuel loads in forest ecosystems. However, fire can also impact soil structure and microbiota, which play critical roles in nutrient cycling, biodiversity conservation, and overall ecosystem functioning. Therefore, understanding post-fire processes is essential for sustainable forest management. However, while previous studies have explored the effects of prescribed fire management on semi-arid soil properties in Mediterranean forest ecosystems, gaps remain in our understanding of its specific impact on the physical structure, chemical composition, and biological activities of soils. In this study, we conducted early spring PB in SE Spain in 2021 and assessed the ecological and temporal effects of PB on semi-arid soils. Soil respiration (SR) measurements using automatic CO2 flow chambers were employed to evaluate microbiota recovery. To examine impacts on soil structure we evaluated physicochemical characteristics, soil hydraulic conductivity (SHC), and soil water repellency (SWR). No significant differences were observed in any of the variables studied after one year. However, immediate effects were detected shortly after the PB. Our research specifically targeted soil structure and microbiota in a semi-arid landscape with poor soils, characterized by slower recovery and potentially fragile ecosystems. These results provide valuable insights for forest management practices, indicating that prescribed fire management strategies in similar ecosystems are unlikely to cause adverse effects on soil health. However, further research is warranted to explore the potential effects of prescribed fire intensity and seasonality. Future studies can focus on investigating these factors to provide more targeted recommendations for effective forest management strategies and wildfire prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á. Fajardo-Cantos
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
| | - E. Peña
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
| | - P. Plaza-Álvarez
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
| | - J. González-Romero
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Engineering and Management, Technical University of Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Moya
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
| | - H. González-Camuñas
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
| | - A. Díaz
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
| | - R. Botella
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
| | - M.E. Lucas-Borja
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
| | - J. De Las Heras
- (ECOFOR) Research Group of Forest Ecology, Agricultural and Forest Engineers Higher Technical School, to University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Albacete, Spain
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Luo H, Lu L, Wang Q, Guo Z, Liu L, He C, Shi J, Dong C, Ma Q, Li J. Exploring Distribution and Evolution of Pi-ta Haplotypes in Rice Landraces across Different Rice Cultivation Regions in Yunnan. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1325. [PMID: 39457449 PMCID: PMC11507375 DOI: 10.3390/genes15101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, seriously damages the yield and quality of rice worldwide. Pi-ta is a durable resistance gene that combats M. oryzae carrying AVR-Pita1. However, the distribution of the Pi-ta gene in rice germplasms in Yunnan Province has been inadequately studied. Methods: We analyzed the potential molecular evolution pattern of Pi-ta alleles by examining the diversity in the coding sequence (CDS) among rice varieties. Results: The results revealed that 95% of 405 rice landraces collected from different ecological regions in Yunnan Province carry Pi-ta alleles. We identified 17 nucleotide variation sites in the CDS regions of the Pi-ta gene across 385 rice landraces. These variations led to the identification of 28 Pi-ta haplotypes, encoding 12 novel variants. Among these, 5 Pi-ta haplotypes (62 rice landraces) carried R alleles. The evolutionary cluster and network of the Pi-ta haplotypes suggested that the Pi-ta S alleles were the ancestral alleles, which could potentially evolve into R variants through base substitution. Conclusions: This study suggests that Pi-ta alleles are diverse in the rice landraces in Yunnan, and the Pi-ta sites resistant to blast evolved from the susceptible plants of the rice landraces. These results provide the basis for breeding resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengming Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Lin Lu
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China;
| | - Qun Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Zhixiang Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Lina Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Chi He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Junyi Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Chao Dong
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Scientific Observation Station for Rice Germplasm Resources of Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650205, China;
| | - Qiaoping Ma
- Honghe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661100, China
| | - Jinbin Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs International Joint Research Center for Agriculture, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.L.); (Q.W.)
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Wang F, Zhang H, Liu H, Wu C, Wan Y, Zhu L, Yang J, Cai P, Chen J, Ge T. Combating wheat yellow mosaic virus through microbial interactions and hormone pathway modulations. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:200. [PMID: 39407339 PMCID: PMC11481568 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rhizosphere microbiome is critical for promoting plant growth and mitigating soil-borne pathogens. However, its role in fighting soil-borne virus-induced diseases, such as wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) transmitted by Polymyxa graminis zoospores, remains largely underexplored. In this study, we hypothesized that during viral infections, plant microbiomes engage in critical interactions with plants, with key microbes playing vital roles in maintaining plant health. Our research aimed to identify microbial taxa that not only suppress the disease but also boost wheat yield by using a blend of techniques, including field surveys, yield assessments, high-throughput sequencing of plant and soil microbiomes, microbial isolation, hydroponic experiments, and transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS We found that, compared with roots and leaves, the rhizosphere microbiome showed a better performance in predicting wheat yield and the prevalence of P. graminis and WYMV across the three WYMV-impacted regions in China. Using machine learning, we found that healthy rhizospheres were marked with potentially beneficial microorganisms, such as Sphingomonas and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Parararhizobium-Rhizobium, whereas diseased rhizospheres were associated with a higher prevalence of potential pathogens, such as Bipolaris and Fusicolla. Structural equation modeling showed that these biomarkers both directly and indirectly impacted wheat yield by modulating the rhizosphere microbiome and P. graminis abundance. Upon re-introduction of two key healthy rhizosphere biomarkers, Sphingomonas azotifigens and Rhizobium deserti, into the rhizosphere, wheat growth and health were enhanced. This was attributed to the up-regulation of auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways and the regulation of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways during infections. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study revealed the critical role of the rhizosphere microbiome in combating soil-borne viral diseases, with specific rhizosphere microbes playing key roles in this process. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Haoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Chuanfa Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tida Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Zhao P, Feng Z, Cai L, Phurbu D, Duan W, Xie F, Li X, Liu F. Development of an RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Diagnosis of Plant Quarantine Fungus Setophoma terrestris. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:716. [PMID: 39452668 PMCID: PMC11509020 DOI: 10.3390/jof10100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Setophoma terrestris is an important phytopathogenic fungus listed by China as a harmful fungus subject to phytosanitary import control. This pathogen is a threat to a wide range of plants, particularly as the causal agent of onion pink root rot, one of the most severe diseases of onions. In order to provide rapid identification and early warning of S. terrestris and prevent its spread, we have developed a rapid, accurate, and visually intuitive diagnostic assay for this pathogen, by utilizing recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a cleavage and fluorescence-based detection systems or paper-based lateral flow strips. The developed RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay exhibited remarkable specificity for the detection of S. terrestris. Moreover, this protocol can detect the pathogen at a sensitivity level of 0.01 pg/μL, which significantly outperforms the 1 pg/μL sensitivity achieved by the existing qPCR-based detection method. The entire diagnostic procedure, including DNA extraction, the RPA reaction, the Cas12a cleavage, and the result interpretation, can be accomplished in 40 min. Furthermore, the successful application of the assay in infected plant samples highlighted its potential for rapid and accurate pathogen detection in agricultural settings. In summary, this RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a diagnostic method offers a potentially valuable technological solution for quarantine and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhipeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Tibet Key Laboratory of Plateau Fungi, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Dorji Phurbu
- Tibet Key Laboratory of Plateau Fungi, Lhasa 850000, China
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Weijun Duan
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
- Technical Center of Ningbo Customs District P.R. China, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Fuhong Xie
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
- Technical Center of Ningbo Customs District P.R. China, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Tapaça IDPE, Obieze CC, Pereira GVDM, Fangueiro D, Coutinho J, Fraga I, Partelli FL, Ramalho JC, Marques I, Ribeiro-Barros AI. Irradiance level and elevation shape the soil microbiome communities of Coffea arabica L. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:75. [PMID: 39407337 PMCID: PMC11481607 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nexus plant-microbe-environment is essential to understand the ecosystem processes shaping plant health and fitness. Within this triangle, soils and associated microflora are among the key ecosystem's drivers, underpinning plant productivity and evolution. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis (physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and taxonomic diversity) of soils under the canopy projection of Coffea arabica trees along a gradient of elevation (600, 800, and 900 m) and shade (0, 50, 100%). RESULTS While shade had no influence on most parameters, altitude shaped the dynamics of microbial communities. Available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, and nitrate were significantly higher at 800 m, likely due to the higher activities of β-glucosidase and phosphatases at this altitude. Microbial biomass (carbon and nitrogen) and moisture were significantly higher at 600 and 900 m, which might be attributed to the abundance and richness of soil microorganisms. Indeed, metabarcoding analysis revealed a complex pattern of microbial consortia (bacteria, archaea, fungi) at the three altitudes, with the lowest index of richness recorded at 800 m. The highest number of Amplicon Sequence Variants was observed in bacteria, whose functional analysis revealed distinct metabolic adaptations across different altitudes. At 900 m, the main functional attributes favored the responses to environmental stimuli and microbial interactions; at 800 m, the predominant metabolic pathways were related to organic matter, fermentation, and bioremediation; and at the lower 600 m, the pathways shifted towards the breakdown of plant-derived compounds (e.g. geraniol, limonene, and pinene degradation). CONCLUSION Overall, the results indicate a higher effectiveness of the microbial consortium at 800 m, which might result in better nutrient cycling. The study highlights the importance of canopy shade species and elevation for the composition of microbial consortia in C. arabica, unveiling ecological functions beyond plant health, with implications for bio-based solutions and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inocência da Piedade E Tapaça
- Forest Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
- Mozambique Agricultural Research Institute (IIAM), Avenida das FPLM 2698, P.O. Box 3658, Mavalane B, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Chinedu C Obieze
- Centre for Forest Research, Institute of Integrative Biology and Systems, Universite Laval, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Gilberto V de Melo Pereira
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - David Fangueiro
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - João Coutinho
- Chemistry Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Irene Fraga
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Fábio L Partelli
- Department Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas (DCAB), Centro Universitário do Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES), Universidade Federal Espírito Santo (UFES), Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, São Mateus, ES, 29932- 540, Brazil
| | - José C Ramalho
- Forest Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
- Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Unidade de Geobiociências, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Caparica, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques
- Forest Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Ribeiro-Barros
- Forest Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal.
- Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Unidade de Geobiociências, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Caparica, Monte de Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal.
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Bizarria R, Creagh JW, Badigian TJ, Corrêa Dos Santos RA, Coss SA, Tekle RT, Fredstrom N, Ytreberg FM, Dunham MJ, Rodrigues A, Rowley PA. The Prevalence of Killer Yeasts in the Gardens of Fungus-Growing Ants and the Discovery of Novel Killer Toxin named Ksino. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.10.14.618321. [PMID: 39463942 PMCID: PMC11507743 DOI: 10.1101/2024.10.14.618321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
Killer toxins are proteinaceous antifungal molecules produced by yeasts, with activity against a wide range of human and plant pathogenic fungi. Fungus gardens of attine ants in Brazil were surveyed to determine the presence of killer toxin-producing yeasts and to define their antifungal activities and ecological importance. Our results indicate that up to 46% of yeasts isolated from specific fungal gardens can be killer yeasts, with an overall prevalence of 17% across all strains tested. Killer yeasts were less likely to inhibit the growth of yeasts isolated from the same environment but more effective at inhibiting yeast isolated from other environments, supporting a role for killer yeasts in shaping community composition. All killer yeasts harbored genome-encoded killer toxins due to the lack of cytoplasmic toxin-encoding elements (i.e., double-stranded RNA satellites and linear double-stranded DNAs). Of all the killer yeasts identified, an isolate of Candida sinolaborantium showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activities against 57% of yeast strains tested for toxin susceptibility. The complete genome sequence of C. sinolaborantium identified a new killer toxin, Ksino, with primary and tertiary structure homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae killer toxin named Klus. Genome-encoded homologs of Ksino were found in yeast strains of Saccharomycetes and Pichiomycetes, as well as other species of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota filamentous fungi. This demonstrates that killer yeasts can be widespread in attine ant fungus gardens, possibly influencing fungal community composition and the importance of these complex microbial communities for discovering novel antifungal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Bizarria
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jack W Creagh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Tanner J Badigian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Renato A Corrêa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Computational, Evolutionary, and Systems Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah A Coss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Rim T Tekle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Noah Fredstrom
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - F Marty Ytreberg
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Maitreya J Dunham
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul A Rowley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
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Routhier MR, Curran BR, Carlson CH, Goddard TA. Remote Sensing and Assessment of Compound Groundwater Flooding Using an End-to-End Wireless Environmental Sensor Network and Data Model at a Coastal Cultural Heritage Site in Portsmouth, NH. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:6591. [PMID: 39460072 PMCID: PMC11511167 DOI: 10.3390/s24206591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
The effects of climate change in the forms of rising sea levels and increased frequency of storms and storm surges are being noticed across many coastal communities around the United States. These increases are impacting the timing and frequency of tidal and rainfall influenced compound groundwater flooding events. These types of events can be exemplified by the recent and ongoing occurrence of groundwater flooding within building basements at the historic Strawbery Banke Museum (SBM) living history campus in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Fresh water and saline groundwater intrusion within basements of historic structures can be destructive to foundations, mortar, joists, fasteners, and the overlaying wood structure. Although this is the case, there appears to be a dearth of research that examines the use of wireless streaming sensor networks to monitor and assess groundwater inundation within historic buildings in near-real time. Within the current study, we designed and deployed a three-sensor latitudinal network at the SBM. This network includes the deployment and remote monitoring of water level sensors in the basements of two historic structures 120 and 240 m from the river, as well as one sensor within the river itself. Groundwater salinity levels were also monitored within the basements of the two historic buildings. Assessments and model results from the recorded sensor data provided evidence of both terrestrial rainfall and tidal influences on the flooding at SBM. Understanding the sources of compound flooding within historic buildings can allow site managers to mitigate better and adapt to the effects of current and future flooding events. Data and results of this work are available via the project's interactive webpage and through a public touchscreen kiosk interface developed for and deployed within the SBM Rowland Gallery's "Water Has a Memory" exhibit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Routhier
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | | | - Cynthia H. Carlson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845, USA;
| | - Taylor A. Goddard
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Pasqualetti M, Braconcini M, Barghini P, Gorrasi S, Schillaci D, Ferraro D, Della Sala G, De Marino S, Fenice M. From marine neglected substrata new fungal taxa of potential biotechnological interest: the case of Pelagia noctiluca. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1473269. [PMID: 39464400 PMCID: PMC11502404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1473269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The marine environment is extremely complex and exerts strong evolutionary pressure often leading to the appearance of microbial strains with new metabolic competencies. Microorganisms in marine ecosystems are still largely unknown and should be explored and conserved for biodiversity preservation, possible ecosystem restoring, and other applications. Biodiversity conservation should become a basic ecological strategy of particular significance in relation to global change. In this context, the present research aimed at exploring the culturable mycobiota associated with the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca, never studied before. In addition, the isolated strains were tested for potential application (antimicrobial activity and presence of genes related to the production of secondary metabolites). Methods Five jellyfishes were collected in the coastal area of Giglio Island and processed to isolate epizoic fungi. The strains were identified using a polyphasic approach (morphological, physiological, and molecular) and their salt preference was also investigated. The antifungal and antibacterial activity were tested for each strain with agar plug diffusion test. The presence of some key genes related to the main pathways for the production of secondary metabolites in fungi, polyketide synthases (PKSs), and non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPSs), was also assessed. Results A total of 164 isolates were obtained; after the dereplication, 40 morphotypes, and 23 species were identified. The phylogenetic analyses suggested the presence of new taxa belonging to Pleosporales: two new genera and species, and a new species of Tamaricicola. The detected mycobiota showed a relatively high diversity, if compared to other epizoic fungal communities. All isolated strains were marine fungi as confirmed by their salt preference and marked euryhalinism. The genes related to the two main pathways for the production of secondary metabolites in fungi, PKSs and NRPSs, were identified in four and nine strains, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was revealed in 70% of the strains, including the new taxa. The abundance of bioactive strains may be related to the potential involvement of epizoic fungi in host defense strategies. Moreover, these strains could show a high potential for further biotechnological applications particularly in the case of new taxa. All strains are maintained in culture collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pasqualetti
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Laboratory of Ecology of Marine Fungi (CoNISMa), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Martina Braconcini
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paolo Barghini
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Susanna Gorrasi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Ferraro
- Microbiology Section, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gerardo Della Sala
- Department of Eco-Sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fenice
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Laboratory of Applied Marine Microbiology (CoNISMa), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Zou M, Al-Otibi F, Hyde KD, Wang Y, Pan XJ. New Helminthosporium (Massarinaceae, Dothideomycetes) and Nigrospora (Incertae sedis, Sordariomycetes) species associated with walnut ( Juglansregia L.) in China. MycoKeys 2024; 109:265-284. [PMID: 39430416 PMCID: PMC11489710 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.109.133431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Six collections of ascomycetes were obtained from samples collected from dead branches and leaves of Juglansregia in Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, China. By incorporating multigene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, LSU, rpb2, SSU, tef1-α, tub2) supplemented by morphological data, we establish two novel species, namely Helminthosporiumguizhouense and Nigrosporayunnanensis. In morphology, H.guizhouense can be distinguished from H.caespitosum by its narrower conidia (13-16 µm vs. 27.3-35.5 µm), and N.yunnanensis is characterized by black, globose conidia (16.2 × 14.4 µm). The phylogenetic results further substantiated them as novel taxa. The present study contributes to our comprehension of the range of fungi found in Juglansregia, thereby expanding our knowledge of the diversity of fungi within this host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Zou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fatimah Al-Otibi
- Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Kevin David Hyde
- Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang Guizhou 550025, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xue-Jun Pan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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84
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Chang X, Li X, Li Z, Hywel-Jones N, Li G, Chen M. Comparative Mitogenomics Analysis Revealed Evolutionary Divergence among Purpureocillium Species and Gene Arrangement and Intron Dynamics of Ophiocordycipitaceae. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2053. [PMID: 39458362 PMCID: PMC11509744 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The species of Purpureocillium are cosmopolitan and multitrophic fungi that can infect a wide range of invertebrate hosts. This study reports the mitogenome of P. atypicola, a specialized spider pathogenic fungus. The 112,465 bp mitogenome encoded genes typically found in fungal mitogenomes, and a total of 52 introns inserted into seven genes. A comparison with three other Purpureocillium species revealed significant differences in length and intron number, primarily due to intron variation; however, there was no dynamic variation in the introns of the cox1 gene within the same species of the Purpureocillium genus. Different mitochondrial protein-coding genes showed variable degrees of genetic differentiation among these species, but they were all under purifying selection. Additionally, frequent intron loss or gain events were detected to have occurred during the evolution of the Ophiocordycipitaceae mitogenomes, yet the gene arrangement remains conserved. A phylogenetic analysis of the combined mitochondrial gene set gave identical and well-supported tree topologies. The estimated age of the crown of Ophiocordycipitaceae and Purpureocillium were around the Early Cretaceous period (127 Mya) and Late Cretaceous period (83 Mya), respectively. The results of this study advance our understanding of the genomics, evolution, and taxonomy of this important fungal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Green Control for Major Forestry Pests, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Green Control for Major Forestry Pests, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zengzhi Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Green Control for Major Forestry Pests, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
- BioAsia Life Science Institute, Pinghu 314200, China;
| | | | - Guangshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Mingjun Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Green Control for Major Forestry Pests, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
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85
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Peng T, Li X, Tong X. Insights into the methods for separation and chromatographic determination of nucleotides/nucleosides in Cordyceps spp. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1734:465279. [PMID: 39197362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps genus is entomopathogenic mushrooms that have traditionally been used in ethnomedicine in Asian countries. Nucleosides (Ns), nucleotide(Nt), Nucleobases (Nb) and their analogues play a critically physiological role and have a great potential in drug development, such as pentostatin and cordycepin (COR). Due to their significance bioactivity, several Nt/Ns were used as markers for quality evaluation for medicinal Cordyceps, including adenosine, inosine, guanosine, uridine and COR. Among them, COR is the most considerable adenosine analogue, exhibiting significant therapeutic potential and has many intracellular targets. Nt/Ns contains polar compounds and the phosphate groups of Nt deprotonate and carry negative charges with a broad range of pH values. Recent years, various advanced methods of extraction and separation, and nanomaterials have been developed to extract, isolate and determine these molecules, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for the extraction, the solid phase extraction (SPE) methods (microextraction SPE (SPME), magnetic SPE (MSPE), and unique SPE materials based on the boronate affinity for the separation, and chromatography methods employing ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence, MS detection and electrospray ionization (ESI), along with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (MALDI) for the determination. COR derived from adenosine and its structure is very similar to that of 2'-deoxyadenosine (2'-dA) and adenosine, resulting in an incorrect identification, which will influence its therapeutic effects. Therefore, this review primarily focused on the characteristics of Nt/Ns, the advanced methods, strategies, nanomaterials for extracting and determining Nt/Ns (COR in particular) in Cordyceps spp, as well as the methods for distinguishing COR from its structure analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Resources Breeding Base of Co-Founded, College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Resources Breeding Base of Co-Founded, College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Xinxin Tong
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Resources Breeding Base of Co-Founded, College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
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Suwannarach N, Khuna S, Thitla T, Senwanna C, Nuangmek W, Kumla J, Lumyong S. Morpho-phylogenetic identification and characterization of new causal agents of Fusarium species for postharvest fruit rot disease of muskmelon in northern Thailand and their sensitivity to fungicides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1459759. [PMID: 39450089 PMCID: PMC11499104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1459759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
A significant global problem affecting muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is fruit rot caused by phytopathogenic fungi, which results in unsaleable products and substantial financial losses. In 2022 and 2023, fruit rot on muskmelon was found during the postharvest storage period in Phayao Province of northern Thailand. The aim of the current study was to isolate the species of fungi causing the fruit rot lesions. Out of the rot lesions on muskmelons, nine fungal isolates were received. All isolates of fungi were identified through a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. Based on their morphological traits, all isolated fungal isolate was assigned to the genus Fusarium. All the fungal isolates were determined to belong to the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex through multi-gene phylogenetic analysis employing the calmodulin (cam), RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) genes. These isolates were identified as F. compactum (SDBR-CMU483), F. jinanense (SDBR-CMU484, SDBR-CMU485, and SDBR-CMU486), F. mianyangense (SDBR-CMU487 and SDBR-CMU488), and F. sulawesiense (SDBR-CMU489, SDBR-CMU490, and SDBR-CMU491). Moreover, pathogenicity tests were subsequently carried out, and the results indicated that all fungal isolates caused symptoms of fruit rot on inoculated muskmelon fruits. Notably, this result was consistent with the symptoms observed throughout the postharvest storage period. In the fungicide screening test, all fungal isolates showed sensitivity to copper oxychloride. However, all isolates showed insensitivity to benalaxyl-M + mancozeb, carbendazim, mancozeb, and metalaxy. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify F. compactum, F. jinanense, and F. mianyangense as new causative agents of muskmelon fruit rot in Thailand and other regions globally. This is also the first report of postharvest fruit rot on muskmelons caused by F. sulawesiense in Thailand. Furthermore, the fungicide screening results indicate that fungicide resistance can be beneficial in developing potential management strategies against postharvest fruit rot disease of muskmelon caused by these four pathogenic Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Surapong Khuna
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanapol Thitla
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanokned Senwanna
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wipornpan Nuangmek
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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87
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Gao Y, Zhong T, Eungwanichayapant PD, Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Faraj TK, Wanasinghe DN, Gui H. Two new species of Parastagonospora and a new species of Phaeoseptoriella (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from grasslands in Yunnan Province, China. MycoKeys 2024; 109:239-263. [PMID: 39430415 PMCID: PMC11487144 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.109.134136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
During our investigation of microfungi on grasslands in Yunnan Province, China, three new fungal taxa associated with grasses were collected. Morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses of the combined SSU, LSU, ITS, tef1-α, and rpb2 loci based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to reveal the taxonomic placement of these fungal taxa. This study introduces Parastagonosporayunnanensis, Para.zhaotongensis, Phaeoseptoriellapoaceicola. Parastagonosporayunnanensis is characterized by ampulliform or globose to subglobose conidiogenous cells, with conidia that are cylindrical to subcylindrical, 0-1-septate, rounded at the apex and slightly truncate at the base. Parastagonosporazhaotongensis features similar globose to subglobose conidiogenous cells but with 0-3-septate, cylindrical to subcylindrical conidia. Phaeoseptoriellapoaceicola is distinguished by its globose to subglobose conidiogenous cells and phragmosporous conidia that are initially hyaline, turn pale yellowish at maturity, and are 7-septate, cylindrical to subcylindrical, either straight or slightly curved. These discoveries underscore the significance of exploring and accurately identifying fungal taxa within Ascomycota, highlighting the species richness and potential for new species discoveries in grass-based habitats. The findings from this study expand our understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of grassland-associated Ascomycota, providing a foundation for further ecological and taxonomic studies of these fungi within their natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tingfang Zhong
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Honghe 654400, Yunnan, China
| | | | | | - Kevin D. Hyde
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Turki Kh. Faraj
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Gui
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Maguvu TE, Raimi A, Trouillas FP, Adeleke R, Bezuidenhout CC. Genome sequence of Colletotrichum karsti isolated from rose leaves exhibiting anthracnose symptoms in Potchefstroom, South Africa. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0027524. [PMID: 39248458 PMCID: PMC11465792 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00275-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the genome sequence of Colletotrichum karsti isolated from rose leaves exhibiting anthracnose symptoms. The genome was assembled to 53.2 Mbp organized into 753 scaffolds having an N50 of 582,313 kbp and a GC content of 52.5%. The genome had an estimated 99.4% of the core Ascomycota genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda E. Maguvu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, California, USA
| | - Adekunle Raimi
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management— Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Florent P. Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, California, USA
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management— Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Cornelius C. Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management— Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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89
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Araújo KS, Alves JL, Pereira OL, de Queiroz MV. Five new species of endophytic Penicillium from rubber trees in the Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01478-9. [PMID: 39384703 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest is the world's most diverse ecosystem, full of fauna and flora. Among the trees that make up the forest are the rubber trees of the genus Hevea (H. brasiliensis and H. guianensis), which stand out for the industrial use of latex. It was previously shown that endophytic fungi colonize the leaves, stems, and roots of Hevea spp. In this study, 47 Penicillium spp. and three Talaromyces spp. isolates were analyzed using specific DNA barcodes: internal transcribed spacers region (ITS), β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes and additionally, for species delimitation, the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) criteria were applied. The phylogenetic analyses placed the Penicillium isolates into four sections Lanata-Divaricata, Sclerotiora, Citrina, and Fasciculata. The morphological and molecular characteristics resulted in the discovery of five new species (P. heveae sp. nov., P. acrean sp. nov., P. aquiri sp. nov., P. amazonense sp. nov., and P. pseudomellis sp. nov.). The five new species were also compared to closely related species, with observations on morphologically distinguishing features and colony appearances. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analysis have supported the placement of P. heveae sp. nov. as a sister group to P. globosum; P. acrean sp. nov. and P. aquiri sp. nov. as sister groups to P. sumatrense; P. amazonense sp. nov. closely related to isolates of P. rolfsii, and P. pseudomellis sp. nov. closely related to P. mellis. The study of endophytic Penicillium species of rubber trees and the description of five new taxa of Penicillium sect. Citrina, Lanata-Divaricata, and Sclerotiora as endophytes add to the fungal biodiversity knowledge in native rubber trees. Reports of fungi in native tropical plants may reveal taxonomic novelties, potential pathogen control agents, and producers of molecular bioactive compounds of medical and agronomic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliane Sírio Araújo
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina Lana Alves
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Olinto Liparini Pereira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marisa Vieira de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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90
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Lortholary O, Garcia-Hermoso D, Sturny-Leclère A, Sitbon K, Nourrisson C, Letscher-Bru V, Desbois-Nogard N, Bani-Sadr F, Bastides F, Bienvenu B, Cordier C, Coste A, Danion F, Dégot T, Delarbre D, Fekkar A, Garcie C, Garrouste C, Gits-Muselli M, Guemas E, Huguenin A, Janvier F, Kamar N, Kervinio C, Le Gal S, Lesens O, Machouart M, Persat F, Picot S, Rouze A, Ranque S, Ruch Y, Saada M, Stabler S, Alanio A, Lanternier F, Desoubeaux G. Reappraising Cladophialophora bantiana phaeohyphomycosis in France: retrospective nation-based study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024:100907. [PMID: 39395429 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cladophialophora bantiana is one of the most virulent phaeohyphomycetes, typically causes non-angiogenic single (or sometimes multiple) cystic brain lesions, and has resulted in a mortality rate of up to 70%. Most C bantiana cases are described either in a series of isolated reports or in very small cohorts. The aim of this retrospective nation-based study was to share the data on C bantiana phaeohyphomycosis cases reported in France and French overseas territories over the past two decades to improve understanding of this disease. METHODS Patients with C bantiana infection were processed through the active surveillance programme of invasive fungal infections launched by the National Reference Center for Mycoses and Antifungals, Institut Pasteur (Paris, France), and the French Surveillance Network of Invasive Fungal Infections, which involved 29 hospitals from mainland France and overseas French territories. Only proven and probable cases of infection, according to the revised and updated consensus definitions from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group, were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed or confirmed, or both, using a polyphasic approach at the Institut Pasteur between 2002 and 2022. Patients were separated into two groups: those with CNS involvement and those with no CNS involvement. The primary outcome was the survival rate. FINDINGS A total of 23 patients with a C bantiana invasive infection were included during the study period (Jan 1, 2002, to Dec 31, 2022). The median age was 56 years in the CNS involvement group and 65 years in the non-CNS involvement group. Until 2021, the annual number of cases varied between zero and two, with six cases observed in 2022, the warmest year recorded in France since 1900. CNS involvement was observed in 15 (65%) patients, including three disseminated cases; skin and soft tissue involvement in seven (30%) patients and an isolated lung infection in one case. Diabetes was observed in five patients, and any immunodepression factor was observed in 14 (61%) of 23 patients. When considering only patients with CNS involvement, 9-month survival appeared higher in patients who underwent exeresis or large drainage (three [75%] of four patients vs three [27%] of 11 patients; p=0·24) and significantly higher in those treated for 2 or more weeks with triple antifungal therapy (liposomal amphotericin B plus posaconazole and flucytosine; seven [78%] of nine patients vs one [17%] of six patients; p=0·040). Two patients were treated with excision surgery alone (one patient with success, and the other patient lost to follow-up). INTERPRETATION This study shows that the clinical presentations and underlying medical conditions of C bantiana infections are more diverse than previously described. It also emphasises a significant difference in mortality rate between those with and without CNS involvement. The prognosis improved when surgery was performed and triple antifungal therapy was administered. Such rare and devastating invasive fungal infections should be managed by a multidisciplinary team. FUNDING Santé Publique France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lortholary
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - Dea Garcia-Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Paris, France
| | - Aude Sturny-Leclère
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Paris, France
| | - Karine Sitbon
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Paris, France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Service Parasitologie-Mycologie Centre de Biologie, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Letscher-Bru
- Université de Strasbourg, UR 3073 Pathogens-Host-Arthropods-Vectors Interactions, Instituts de Bactériologie et de Parasitologie de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicole Desbois-Nogard
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Ferouze Bani-Sadr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Frédéric Bastides
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Régional de Tours, Department of Infectious Diseases, Bretonneau University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Boris Bienvenu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Cordier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Coste
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France; Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - François Danion
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tristan Dégot
- Respiratory Medicine and Lung Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Delarbre
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon, France
| | - Arnaud Fekkar
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Parasitologie Mycologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Garcie
- Laboratoire Commun de Biologie du Groupement Hospitalier de Territoire Béarn & Soule Centre Hospitalier de Pau, Pau, France
| | - Cyril Garrouste
- Department of Nephrology, Hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Gits-Muselli
- Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de Référence Associé Escherichia Coli, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Guemas
- Parasitology-Mycology Department of Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5051, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1291, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Huguenin
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EpidémioSurveillance et Circulation de Parasites dans les Environnements - UR 7510 Equipe d'Accueil 510, Reims, France; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Rue du Général Koening, Reims, France
| | - Frédéric Janvier
- Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon et Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Transplantation, Toulouse University Hospital, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1291, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Kervinio
- Service de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier François Mitterrand, Pau, France
| | - Solène Le Gal
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; Université d'Angers, Infections Respiratoires Fongiques, Brest, France
| | - Olivier Lesens
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Machouart
- Laboratoire Stress Immunité Pathogènes, EA7300, Faculté de Médecine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France; Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - Florence Persat
- UR3738 Centre pour l'lnnovation en Cancérologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University-Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Institute of Infectious Agents, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Picot
- Bacteriologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Anahita Rouze
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576 - U1285 - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France; Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Yvon Ruch
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthieu Saada
- Centre Hospitalier de Perpignan, Infectious Diseases Unit, Perpignan, France
| | - Sarah Stabler
- University Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - Unité Mixte de Recherche 9017 - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Alanio
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Translational Mycology Research Group, Mycology Department, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Régional de Tours, Department of Parasitology-Mycology-Tropical Medicine, Tours, France.
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Chai C, Lu D, Liu J, Wang E, Han X, Hui F. Three novel Ascomycota (Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycetales) yeast species derived from the traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage Pulque. MycoKeys 2024; 109:187-206. [PMID: 39421405 PMCID: PMC11484639 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.109.123870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The abundant variety of yeasts and their diverse applications have essential roles in traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage fermentation processes. During our investigation of yeast diversity associated with Pulque, 41 yeast strains were characterized. Among them, 31 strains were eight known species belonging to seven genera. According to morphological and phylogenetic analyses (ITS and LSU rDNA), ten unidentified yeast strains were identified to be three novel species and proposed: Starmerellaelongatum sp. nov., Kazachstaniaparagamospora sp. nov. and Pichiateotihuacanensis sp. nov. Our study has resulted in the isolation of yeast species not previously detected in Pulque, expanding our knowledge of the diversity of its associated yeast communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Chai
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangChina
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang 473061, ChinaResearch Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and TechnologyNanyangChina
| | - Dan Lu
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangChina
| | - Jinli Liu
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangChina
| | - Eentao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexico
| | - Xuemei Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Fengli Hui
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, ChinaNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangChina
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang 473061, ChinaResearch Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and TechnologyNanyangChina
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92
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Gong Q, Zhang Z, Huang P, Wang B, Zheng X. Assessment of Fungal and Contamination of Ochratoxin A and Patulin in Foods Susceptible to Contamination in the Yangzhou Market, China. Foods 2024; 13:3205. [PMID: 39410238 PMCID: PMC11475113 DOI: 10.3390/foods13193205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The conducive conditions of warm and humid climates can facilitate mold proliferation and subsequent mycotoxin production during food processing and distribution, thereby posing a potential risk to consumer health. However, there exists a significant lack of research regarding the diversity of molds and the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and patulin (PAT) in food products available in the Yangzhou market. This study was conducted to assess OTA contamination levels and fungal presence in 57 cereal-based food samples, as well as PAT contamination levels and fungal presence in 50 types of foods, including apples, hawthorn berries, pears, and their derivatives. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was detected in 17 out of 57 cereal-based food samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.93 to 32.69 μg/kg. The contamination rate was determined to be 31.48%, and no samples exceeded the established regulatory limits. Furthermore, seven apple products were identified as contaminated with patulin (PAT), exhibiting concentrations between 26.85 and 192.78 μg/kg. Additionally, three food samples derived from hawthorn showed PAT contamination levels ranging from 29.83 to 88.56 μg/kg. Through purification on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, observation of colony morphology, and analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, a total of 35 fungal strains belonging to 13 genera were identified in cereal-based foods. The predominant genera in cereals included Talaromyces, Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Additionally, twelve fungal strains from five genera (Penicillium, Cladosporium, Aureobasidium, Curvularia, and Alternaria) were isolated and identified in fruits and their derivatives. The findings indicate that OTA and PAT toxins are one of the important risk factors that threaten consumer health. Furthermore, the contamination of some other toxigenic strains is also a matter of substantial concern, with potential implications for consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, No. 196 West Huayang Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.G.); (B.W.)
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93
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Luo XX, Liao MG, Zhang K, Castañeda-Ruíz RF, Ma J, Xu ZH. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal eight novel species of Pestalotiopsis (Sporocadaceae, Amphisphaeriales) from southern China. MycoKeys 2024; 109:207-238. [PMID: 39421404 PMCID: PMC11484642 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.109.131000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of the biosphere, but often suffer from pathogenic fungi during growth. During our continuing mycological surveys of plant pathogens from terrestrial plants in Jiangxi and Yunnan provinces, China, 24 strains of Pestalotiopsis isolated from diseased and healthy tissues of plant leaves represented eight new species, viz. P.alpinicola, P.camelliicola, P.cyclosora, P.eriobotryae, P.gardeniae, P.hederae, P.machiliana and P.mangifericola. Multi-locus (ITS, tef1-α and tub2) phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference to reveal their taxonomic placement within Pestalotiopsis. Both molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons supported them as eight independent taxa within Pestalotiopsis. Illustrations and descriptions of these eight taxa were provided, in conjunction with comparisons with closely related taxa in the genus. This work highlights the large potential for new fungal species associated with diseased plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Luo
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Ming-Gen Liao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Forestry Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruíz
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal, Calle 110 No. 514 e/5ta B y 5ta F, Playa, La Habana 11600, Cuba
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
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94
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Kaur M, Thakur P, Verma N, Choksket S, Harshvardhan, Korpole S, Bandarupalli D, Grover V. Invasive Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Conditions: Emphasis on COVID-19. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:400. [PMID: 39384659 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused death of 6 million lives globally, primarily from respiratory failure, but also a significant number from invasive fungal co-infections in these patients, owing to the immune dysfunction in hospitalized patients. Such complications occurred more often in critically ill, hospitalized patients particularly those admitted in intensive care units and were reported as the major reason associated with a high mortality rate worldwide. Fungal pathogens most commonly associated with COVID-19 patients comprise members of the Mucorales (such as Rhizopus, Mucor, and Lichtheimia), as well as genera Aspergillus and Candida. In India, the prevalence rate of mucormycosis is relatively high than aspergillosis and candidiasis, and the predisposing risk factors associated with such infections included uncontrolled diabetes, underlying lung disease, leukopenia, neutropenia, malignancies and prolonged steroid therapy. However, co-infection with other fungi, including Alternaria and Scedosporium was also sporadically reported. These devastating invasive fungal infections are associated with differential mortality (high-low) and morbidity rates even after active management. The diagnosis of such infections is often challenging due to lack of sensitivity in contemporary diagnostic methods and poses an enormous challenge to healthcare experts. Thus, the role of early and accurate diagnosis, and management of such fungal infections, is vital in preventing life-threatening situations. Hence, this review focusses primarily on the epidemiology, predisposing risk factors, host environment, diagnosis and treatment of the most common medically important invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised conditions associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahaldeep Kaur
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Payal Thakur
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nandini Verma
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Stanzin Choksket
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harshvardhan
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Suresh Korpole
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Devadatha Bandarupalli
- MTCC and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Dr. HS Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India.
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95
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Zhang Y, Tu Y, Chen Y, Fang J, Chen F, Liu L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Lv W. Quantification of the fungal pathogen Didymella segeticola in Camellia sinensis using a DNA-based qRT-PCR assay. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:157. [PMID: 39380031 PMCID: PMC11462658 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Didymella segeticola causes leaf spot and leaf blight on tea plant (Camellia sinensis), leading to production losses and affecting tea quality and flavor. Accurate detection and quantification of D. segeticola growth in tea plant leaves are crucial for diagnosing disease severity or evaluating host resistance. In this study, we monitored disease progression and D. segeticola development in tea plant leaves inoculated with a GFP-expressing strain. By contrast, a DNA-based qRT-PCR analysis was employed for a more convenient and maneuverable detection of D. segeticola growth in tea leaves. This method was based on the comparison of D. segeticola-specific DNA encoding a Cys2His2-zinc-finger protein (NCBI accession number: OR987684) in relation to tea plant Cs18S rDNA1. Unlike ITS and TUB2 sequences, this specific DNA was only amplified in D. segeticola isolates, not in other tea plant pathogens. This assay is also applicable for detecting D. segeticola during interactions with various tea cultivars. Among the five cultivars tested, 'Zhongcha102' (ZC102) and 'Fuding-dabaicha' (FDDB) were more susceptible to D. segeticola compared with 'Longjing43' (LJ43), 'Zhongcha108' (ZC108), and 'Zhongcha302' (ZC302). Different D. segeticola isolates also exhibited varying levels of aggressiveness towards LJ43. In conclusion, the DNA-based qRT-PCR analysis is highly sensitive, convenient, and effective method for quantifying D. segeticola growth in tea plant. This technique can be used to diagnose the severity of tea leaf spot and blight or to evaluate tea plant resistance to this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yiyi Tu
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jialu Fang
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Fan'anni Chen
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Lian Liu
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Wuyun Lv
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
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96
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Peng Z, Xu Z, Tong H, Xing Y, Luo Z, Wu Y, Yu Z. Leaf Rust Pathogens on Hypericum pseudohenryi: Describing Melampsora danbaensis sp. nov. and M. hyperici-pseudohenryi sp. nov. from China. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:122. [PMID: 39379763 PMCID: PMC11461554 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, two novel species of Melampsora were discovered on Hypericum pseudohenryi in China and have been thoroughly characterized. One of these species, designated as M. danbaensis, exhibits distinct features such as aecia of Uredo-type, typically appearing in gregarious or grouped arrangements, and presenting a shallowly pulvinate structure. Aeciospores exhibit tremendous variations in size, ranging in shape from globose to ellipsoidal and bearing pronounced verrucose texture. Telia resemble crusts one-spore deep, covering nearly the entire abaxial leaf surface, with sessile teliospores reaching sizes of up to 65.8 µm, and exhibiting a clavate to cylindrical shape. Another species, designated as M. hyperici-pseudohenryi, is distinguished by Uredo-type uredinia, which are hypophyllous, scattered or grouped, and interspersed with numerous paraphyses. Its urediniospores tend to be globose, ellipsoidal or obovoid, echinulate, and are accompanied by clavate to capitate paraphyses reaching lengths up to 77.6 µm. Phylogenetically, both species form a novel monophyletic clade within the Melampsora genus, with robust support demonstrated by a high Maximum likelihood bootstrap support (MLBS) value of 100% and a Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) of 1. This study enriches our understanding of the diversity and geographical distribution of Melampsora species that infect Hypericum plants in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijia Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Northwest A & Taicheng Road 3, Xianyang Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhengmei Xu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Northwest A & Taicheng Road 3, Xianyang Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Haichuan Tong
- Danba County Bureau of Forestry and Grassland, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, 513300, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Xing
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Northwest A & Taicheng Road 3, Xianyang Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zeyu Luo
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Northwest A & Taicheng Road 3, Xianyang Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Northwest A & Taicheng Road 3, Xianyang Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhongdong Yu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Northwest A & Taicheng Road 3, Xianyang Yangling, 712100, China.
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97
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Vivekanandhan P, Swathy K, Sarayut P, Patcharin K. Classification, biology and entomopathogenic fungi-based management and their mode of action against Drosophila species (Diptera: Drosophilidae): a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1443651. [PMID: 39439942 PMCID: PMC11493638 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the classification, biology, and management of Drosophila species (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with a focus on entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as a biocontrol strategy. Drosophila species, particularly Drosophila suzukii, and Drosophila melanogaster have emerged as significant pests in various agricultural systems, causing extensive damage to fruit crops. Understanding their taxonomic classification and biological traits is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This review delves into the life cycle, behavior, and ecological interactions of Drosophila species, highlighting the challenges posed by their rapid reproduction and adaptability. The review further explores the potential of EPF as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. The mode of action of EPF against Drosophila species is examined, including spore adhesion, germination, and penetration of the insect cuticle, leading to host death. Factors influencing the efficacy of EPF, such as environmental conditions, fungal virulence, and host specificity, are discussed in detail. By synthesizing current research, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the application of EPF and to identify future research directions for enhancing the effectiveness of EPF-based control measures against Drosophila species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Vivekanandhan
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kannan Swathy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pittarate Sarayut
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krutmuang Patcharin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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98
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Yin C, Zhang Z, Wang S, Liu W, Zhang X. A Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Study of Anamorphic Strains of Daldinia ( Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales) in Southern China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:700. [PMID: 39452652 PMCID: PMC11508840 DOI: 10.3390/jof10100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In an extensive fungal investigation conducted in southern China, a large number of fungal strains were isolated by collecting and treating diseased and decayed leaves. Using internal transcribed spacer regions (ITSs) sequence data for a BLAST search to screen for suspected strains of Daldinia, followed by phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer regions, partial sequences of the large subunit of the rDNA (LSU), RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and beta tubulin (tub2) sequence data, combined with morphological characteristics of anamorphic species, ninety-four strains of Daldinia were identified. Furthermore, their geographical distribution and host specificity of the genus were thoroughly analyzed and summarized. Additionally, seven new anamorphic species of the genus Daldinia were also detected, Daldinia ehretiae sp. nov., D. jianfengensis sp. nov., D. ledongensis sp. nov., D. menghaiensis sp. nov., D. rhododendri sp. nov., D. spatholobi sp. nov., and D. thunbergiae sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhun Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China; (C.Y.); (S.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Zhaoxue Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China;
| | - Shi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China; (C.Y.); (S.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenwen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China; (C.Y.); (S.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250300, China; (C.Y.); (S.W.); (W.L.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China;
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99
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Negi N, Ramkrishna, Meena RK, Bhandari MS, Pandey S. Calonectria eucalyptorum sp. nov., a new leaf blight pathogen of Eucalyptus from India. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00602-x. [PMID: 39373886 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Calonectria eucalyptorum sp. nov. is described from the blighted leaves of Eucalyptus in India using morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. The new species belongs to the Calonectria cylindrospora species complex, and its unique microscopic features and DNA sequence information enable clear separation from the 12 currently accepted species in this complex. Conidia of the new taxon are slightly longer than those of its phylogenetic neighbors. Additionally, this species produces central as well as lateral stipe extensions, which is a feature not known for the other members of the C. cylindrospora species complex. Analyses of the combined partial calmodulin, histone, translation elongation factor-1α, and β-tubulin gene regions revealed a distinct phylogenetic position for C. eucalyptorum. Recombination analysis provided additional support for the new species hypothesis. Koch's postulates for the new taxon as a foliar pathogen of Eucalyptus were fulfilled. The discovery of novel and pathogenic Calonectria species is important because it sheds light on species diversity, potential threats, and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Negi
- Forest Pathology Discipline, Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Ramkrishna
- Forest Pathology Discipline, Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Rajendra K Meena
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, ICFRE- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Maneesh S Bhandari
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, ICFRE- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India
| | - Shailesh Pandey
- Forest Pathology Discipline, Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India.
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100
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Berndt R, Otálora MAG, Angulo M, Zamora JC. First European records of Puccinia modiolae and P. platyspora, two native South American rust fungi, and new observations on their life cycle and morphology. Mycologia 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39374447 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2395697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports the South American rust fungi Puccinia modiolae and P. platyspora (Pucciniales/Uredinales) as new alien species of the European rust funga. Puccinia modiolae is presently known from Switzerland and Germany, P. platyspora from Switzerland, Germany, and France. The records of P. platyspora are the first ones from outside South America. The specimens were identified by teliospore characters and sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (internal transcribed spacer 2 and domains D1-D2 of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit) and the mitochondrial CO3 (cytochrome c oxidase III) gene. Puccinia modiolae and P. platyspora have been recorded so far in Europe on members of the genera Alcea, predominantly on Alcea rosea, Althaea, and Malva of the Malvaceae, subfam. Malvoideae. Alcea rosea is host of both species and shared also with the common mallow rust, P. malvacearum, allowing for mixed infections. The plant is commonly grown as an ornamental and may play a major role for the spread of the alien Malvaceae rust fungi. It was observed for the first time that P. platyspora can produce spermogonia and aecidium-type aecia, suggesting phenotypic plasticity regarding the formation of spore states. The observed spermogonia mainly remained closed and did not liberate spermatia. They produced telio- and aeciospores besides spermatia in their cavity and eventually converted entirely into telia or, rarely, into aecidium-like sori. Small clusters of aeciospores and peridial cells were commonly found hidden in the telial plectenchyma, and well-developed aecidium-type aecia provided with a peridium developed rarely in the center of mature telia. Spermogonia belonging to group V type 4 were found in P. malvacearum, which is generally supposed to lack spermogonia. Some spermogonia produced only spermatia in their cavity; others formed spermatia and teliospores, and some eventually converted into telia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Berndt
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - M A G Otálora
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - M Angulo
- Faculty of Sciences, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Genève 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - J C Zamora
- Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève, Chemin de l'Impératrice 1, P.O. Box 71, Chambésy-Genève 1292, Switzerland
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