951
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Prasai B, Silvers WC, McCarley RL. Oxidoreductase-Facilitated Visualization and Detection of Human Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6411-8. [PMID: 26005900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Achieving highly selective and sensitive detection/visualization of intracellular biological events through the use of cell-penetrable, bioanalyte-activatable, turn-on probes is dependent on the presence of specific event-linked cellular biomarkers, if and only if there exist activatable probes that appropriately respond to the biomarker analyte. Here is described the evaluation of, and use in cellular imaging studies, a previously undisclosed naphthalimide probe QMeNN, whose fluorescence is deactivated by photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) quenching that results from the presence of a covalently linked biomarker-specific quinone trigger group. Highly selective and rapid activation of the quinone group by the human cancer tumor-linked NAD(P)H quinone oxido-reductase isozyme 1 (hNQO1) results in fast trigger group removal to yield a highly fluorescent green-energy-range reporter that possesses a high molar absorptivity; there is a 136-fold increase in brightness for the enzymatically produced reporter versus probe precursor, a value 4 times greater than previously reported for the hNQO1 analyte. The novel probe is taken up and activated rapidly within only hNQO1-positive human cancer cells; addition of an hNQO1 inhibitor prevents the selective activation of the probe. Comparison of cytosolic fluorescence intensity in positive cells versus background in negative cells yields a quantitative metric (positive-to-negative ratio, PNR) for judging hNQO1 activity. We show it is possible to determine hNQO1 presence in previously studied colorectal cancer cells and the unexplored ovarian cancer cell line NIH:OVCAR-3, with respective PNR values of 926 and 34 being obtained. Even with 10 min probe incubation, ready discrimination of positive cells from negative cells is achieved. Cell viability is unaffected by probe presence, thereby highlighting the practicality of probe use in live-cell imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijeta Prasai
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - William C Silvers
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Robin L McCarley
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
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952
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Mitra AK, Davis DA, Tomar S, Roy L, Gurler H, Xie J, Lantvit DD, Cardenas H, Fang F, Liu Y, Loughran E, Yang J, Sharon Stack M, Emerson RE, Cowden Dahl KD, V Barbolina M, Nephew KP, Matei D, Burdette JE. In vivo tumor growth of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:372-7. [PMID: 26050922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genomic studies of ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines frequently used in research revealed that these cells do not fully represent high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common OC histologic type. However, OC lines that appear to genomically resemble HGSOC have not been extensively used and their growth characteristics in murine xenografts are essentially unknown. METHODS To better understand growth patterns and characteristics of HGSOC cell lines in vivo, CAOV3, COV362, KURAMOCHI, NIH-OVCAR3, OVCAR4, OVCAR5, OVCAR8, OVSAHO, OVKATE, SNU119 and UWB1.289 cells were assessed for tumor formation in nude mice. Cells were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) in female athymic nude mice and allowed to grow (maximum of 90 days) and tumor formation was analyzed. All tumors were sectioned and assessed using H&E staining and immunohistochemistry for p53, PAX8 and WT1 expression. RESULTS Six lines (OVCAR3, OVCAR4, OVCAR5, OVCAR8, CAOV3, and OVSAHO) formed i.p xenografts with HGSOC histology. OVKATE and COV362 formed s.c. tumors only. Rapid tumor formation was observed for OVCAR3, OVCAR5 and OVCAR8, but only OVCAR8 reliably formed ascites. Tumors derived from OVCAR3, OVCAR4, and OVKATE displayed papillary features. Of the 11 lines examined, three (Kuramochi, SNU119 and UWB1.289) were non-tumorigenic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help further define which HGSOC cell models reliably generate tumors and/or ascites, critical information for preclinical drug development, validating in vitro findings, imaging and prevention studies by the OC research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban K Mitra
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - David A Davis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sunil Tomar
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lynn Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend; Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Hilal Gurler
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel D Lantvit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Horacio Cardenas
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Fang Fang
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Yueying Liu
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth Loughran
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Robert E Emerson
- Department of Pathology Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend; Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Maria V Barbolina
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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953
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Schrauwen S, Coenegrachts L, Cattaneo A, Hermans E, Lambrechts D, Amant F. The antitumor effect of metformin with and without carboplatin on primary endometrioid endometrial carcinoma in vivo. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:378-82. [PMID: 26050920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES New treatment options for advanced and recurrent endometrial carcinoma (EC) are necessary. Epidemiological studies showed that diabetic patients using metformin have reduced risks of endometrial cancer (EC) incidence. Moreover, pre- and clinical studies demonstrated an antitumor effect by metformin, with and without additional treatments, for different solid malignancies. However, cancer cell-autonomous effects of metformin on EC have not been fully characterized yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin, with or without carboplatin, on patient-derived primary endometrioid EC cells xenografted in nude mice, to assess its ability to reduce or impair growth in already established tumors. METHODS Two xenograft models were established by subcutaneous inoculation of primary endometrioid EC cell suspensions. Tumors were allowed to grow and then mice were treated with metformin (250 mg/kg, daily, p.o.), carboplatin (50 mg/kg, 1×/week, i.p.), or the combination of both compounds at the same concentration as single treatment, for three weeks. Effects of metformin treatment on the tumor mass were determined by tumor growth follow-up. Metformin influences on AMPK/mTOR cell signaling were evaluated by investigating AKT, AMPK and S6 phosphorylation levels. RESULTS In vivo, metformin did not affect the growth of EC tumors established from patient-derived primary cultures and the phosphorylation of AKT, AMPK and S6. In addition, no enhanced antitumor effect was determined by combining metformin and carboplatin treatments. CONCLUSIONS Metformin, at clinically relevant concentrations, did not show effects on the growth of already established tumors. Adding metformin to carboplatin did not have synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schrauwen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lieve Coenegrachts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anna Cattaneo
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Els Hermans
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Vesalius Research Center (VRC), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric Amant
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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954
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The side population of ovarian cancer cells defines a heterogeneous compartment exhibiting stem cell characteristics. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7027-39. [PMID: 25216521 PMCID: PMC4196181 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are believed to be involved in tumor evasion of classical antitumor therapies and have thus become an attractive target for further improvement of anticancer strategies. However, the existence and identity of CSC are still a matter of controversy. In a systematic screen of 13 ovarian cancer cell lines we show that cells with stem cell properties are reliably detectable as a minor population, characterized by ABC transporter expression resulting in the side population (SP) phenotype. In different cell lines, either ABCG2 or ABCB1 was found to be responsible for this effect. Purified SP cells featured virtually all characteristics of bona fide CSC, including clonogenicity, asymmetric division and high tumorigenicity in vivo. Using in-depth phenotyping by multicolor flow cytometry, we found that among the investigated ovarian cancer cell lines the SP compartment exhibits tremendous heterogeneity and is composed of multiple phenotypically distinct subpopulations. Thus, our study confirms previous results showing that CSC are contained within the SP. However, the exact identity of the CSC is still disguised by the high complexity of the CSC-containing compartment. Further functional studies are needed to determine whether a single cellular subset can unambiguously be defined as CSC or whether multiple stem cell-like cells with different properties coexist. Moreover, the observed heterogeneity may reflect a high level of plasticity and likely influences tumor progression, escape from immune-surveillance and development of resistance to anticancer therapies and should therefore be considered in the development of new treatment strategies.
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955
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Dreaden EC, Kong YW, Morton SW, Correa S, Choi KY, Shopsowitz KE, Renggli K, Drapkin R, Yaffe MB, Hammond PT. Tumor-Targeted Synergistic Blockade of MAPK and PI3K from a Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticle. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4410-9. [PMID: 26034127 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cross-talk and feedback between the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR cell signaling pathways is critical for tumor initiation, maintenance, and adaptive resistance to targeted therapy in a variety of solid tumors. Combined blockade of these pathways-horizontal blockade-is a promising therapeutic strategy; however, compounded dose-limiting toxicity of free small molecule inhibitor combinations is a significant barrier to its clinical application. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AZD6244 (selumetinib), an allosteric inhibitor of Mek1/2, and PX-866, a covalent inhibitor of PI3K, were co-encapsulated in a tumor-targeting nanoscale drug formulation-layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoparticles. Structure, size, and surface charge of the nanoscale formulations were characterized, in addition to in vitro cell entry, synergistic cell killing, and combined signal blockade. In vivo tumor targeting and therapy was investigated in breast tumor xenograft-bearing NCR nude mice by live animal fluorescence/bioluminescence imaging, Western blotting, serum cytokine analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Combined MAPK and PI3K axis blockade from the nanoscale formulations (160 ± 20 nm, -40 ± 1 mV) was synergistically toxic toward triple-negative breast (MDA-MB-231) and RAS-mutant lung tumor cells (KP7B) in vitro, effects that were further enhanced upon encapsulation. In vivo, systemically administered LbL nanoparticles preferentially targeted subcutaneous MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts, simultaneously blocked tumor-specific phosphorylation of the terminal kinases Erk and Akt, and elicited significant disease stabilization in the absence of dose-limiting hepatotoxic effects observed from the free drug combination. Mice receiving untargeted, but dual drug-loaded nanoparticles exhibited progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-targeting nanoscale drug formulations could provide a more safe and effective means to synergistically block MAPK and PI3K in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Dreaden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen W Morton
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Santiago Correa
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin E Shopsowitz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kasper Renggli
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Basser Research Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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956
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Chen B, Sirota M, Fan-Minogue H, Hadley D, Butte AJ. Relating hepatocellular carcinoma tumor samples and cell lines using gene expression data in translational research. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8 Suppl 2:S5. [PMID: 26043652 PMCID: PMC4460709 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-8-s2-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell lines are used extensively to study cancer biology and to test hypotheses in translational research. The relevance of cell lines is dependent on how closely they resemble the tumors being studied. Relating tumors and cell lines, and recognizing their similarities and differences are thus very important for translational research. Rapid advances in genomics have led to the generation of large volumes of genomic and transcriptomic data for a diverse set of primary cancer samples, normal tissue samples and cancer cell lines. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, with high occurrence in Asia and sub-Saharan regions. The current effective treatments of HCC remain limited. In this work, we compared the gene expression measurements of 200 HCC tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and over 1000 cancer cell lines including 25 HCC cancer cell lines from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. We showed that the HCC tumor samples correlate closely with HCC cell lines in comparison to cell lines derived from other tumor types. We further demonstrated that the most commonly used HCC cell lines resemble HCC tumors, while we identified nearly half of the cell lines that do not resemble primary tumors. Interestingly, a substantial number of genes that are critical for disease development or drug response are either expressed at low levels or absent among highly correlated cell lines; additional attention should be paid to these genes in translational research. Our study will be used to guide the selection of HCC cell lines and pinpoint the specific genes that are differentially expressed in either tumors or cell lines.
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957
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Boone JD, Dobbin ZC, Straughn JM, Buchsbaum DJ. Ovarian and cervical cancer patient derived xenografts: The past, present, and future. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:486-91. [PMID: 26026736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical research in gynecologic malignancies has largely relied upon cloned cancer-derived cell lines and tumor xenografts derived from these cell lines. Unfortunately, the use of cell lines for translational research has disadvantages because genetic and phenotypic alterations from serial passaging have resulted in expression profiles that are different from the original patient tumors. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model derived from human tumor not previously cultured has shown better representation of the heterogeneity of gynecologic malignancies and the human tumor microenvironment with preservation of cytogenetics, cellular complexity, and vascular and stromal tumor architecture. Studies have shown promise with these models to analyze tumor development and adaptation, test drug efficacy, and predict clinical outcomes. Their ultimate value may be seen with preclinical drug screening including novel targeted therapies, biomarker identification, and the development of individualized treatment plans. This article reviews PDX model development, current studies testing chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies, and limitations of the PDX model in gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Boone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Zachary C Dobbin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, United States
| | - J Michael Straughn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
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958
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Zhang W, Gu Y, Sun Q, Siegel DS, Tolias P, Yang Z, Lee WY, Zilberberg J. Ex Vivo Maintenance of Primary Human Multiple Myeloma Cells through the Optimization of the Osteoblastic Niche. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125995. [PMID: 25973790 PMCID: PMC4431864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a new approach for culturing difficult-to-preserve primary patient-derived multiple myeloma cells (MMC) using an osteoblast (OSB)-derived 3D tissue scaffold constructed in a perfused microfluidic environment and a culture medium supplemented with patient plasma. In the current study, we used this biomimetic model to show, for the first time, that the long-term survival of OSB is the most critical factor in maintaining the ex vivo viability and proliferative capacity of MMC. We found that the adhesion and retention of MMC to the tissue scaffold was meditated by osteoblastic N-cadherin, as one of potential mechanisms that regulate MMC-OSB interactions. However, in the presence of MMC and patient plasma, the viability and osteogenic activity of OSB became gradually compromised, and consequently MMC could not remain viable over 3 weeks. We demonstrated that the long-term survival of both OSB and MMC could be enhanced by: (1) optimizing perfusion flow rate and patient-derived plasma composition in the culture medium and (2) replenishing OSB during culture as a practical means of prolonging MMC's viability beyond several weeks. These findings were obtained using a high-throughput well plate-based perfusion device from the perspective of optimizing the ex vivo preservation of patient-derived MM biospecimens for downstream use in biological studies and chemosensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - Yexin Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - Qiaoling Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - David S. Siegel
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States of America
| | - Peter Tolias
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
- Center for Healthcare Innovation, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - Zheng Yang
- Research Department, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States of America
| | - Woo Y. Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey, 07030, United States of America
| | - Jenny Zilberberg
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States of America
- Research Department, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, 07601, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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959
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Challagundla KB, Wise PM, Neviani P, Chava H, Murtadha M, Xu T, Kennedy R, Ivan C, Zhang X, Vannini I, Fanini F, Amadori D, Calin GA, Hadjidaniel M, Shimada H, Jong A, Seeger RC, Asgharzadeh S, Goldkorn A, Fabbri M. Exosome-mediated transfer of microRNAs within the tumor microenvironment and neuroblastoma resistance to chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv135. [PMID: 25972604 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How exosomic microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the development of drug resistance in the context of the tumor microenvironment has not been previously described in neuroblastoma (NBL). METHODS Coculture experiments were performed to assess exosomic transfer of miR-21 from NBL cells to human monocytes and miR-155 from human monocytes to NBL cells. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to assess miR-155 targeting of TERF1 in NBL cells. Tumor growth was measured in NBL xenografts treated with Cisplatin and peritumoral exosomic miR-155 (n = 6 mice per group) CD163, miR-155, and TERF1 levels were assessed in 20 NBL primary tissues by Human Exon Arrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Student's t test was used to evaluate the differences between treatment groups. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS miR-21 mean fold change (f.c.) was 12.08±0.30 (P < .001) in human monocytes treated with NBL derived exosomes for 48 hours, and miR-155 mean f.c. was 4.51±0.25 (P < .001) in NBL cells cocultured with human monocytes for 48 hours. TERF1 mean luciferase activity in miR-155 transfected NBL cells normalized to scrambled was 0.36 ± 0.05 (P <.001). Mean tumor volumes in Dotap-miR-155 compared with Dotap-scrambled were 322.80±120mm(3) and 76.00±39.3mm(3), P = .002 at day 24, respectively. Patients with high CD163 infiltrating NBLs had statistically significantly higher intratumoral levels of miR-155 (P = .04) and lower levels of TERF1 mRNA (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a unique role of exosomic miR-21 and miR-155 in the cross-talk between NBL cells and human monocytes in the resistance to chemotherapy, through a novel exosomic miR-21/TLR8-NF-кB/exosomic miR-155/TERF1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore B Challagundla
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Petra M Wise
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Paolo Neviani
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Haritha Chava
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Mariam Murtadha
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Tong Xu
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Rebekah Kennedy
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Francesca Fanini
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Dino Amadori
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - George A Calin
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Michael Hadjidaniel
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Ambrose Jong
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Robert C Seeger
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA)
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (KBC, PMW, PN, HC, MM, MF); Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA (TX, AG); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (RK, MH, AJ, RCS, SA); Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (CI, GAC); Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and The Center for RNA interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (XZ); Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC) 47014, Italy (IV, FF, DA); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (HS, SA).
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960
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Yi H, Ye J, Yang XM, Zhang LW, Zhang ZG, Chen YP. High-grade ovarian cancer secreting effective exosomes in tumor angiogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5062-5070. [PMID: 26191200 PMCID: PMC4503072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecological cancer, related closely to tumor stage. High-grade ovarian cancer always results in a late diagnose and high recurrence, which reduce survival within five years. Until recently, curable therapy is still under research and anti-angiogenesis proves a promising way. Tumor-derived exosomes are essential in tumor migration and metastases such as angiogenesis is enhanced by exosomes. In our study, we have made comparison between high-grade and unlikely high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells on exosomal function of endothelial cells proliferation, migration and tube formation. Exosomes derived from high-grade ovarian cancer have a profound impact on angiogenesis with comparison to unlikely high-grade ovarian cancer. Proteomic profiles revealed some potential proteins involved in exosomal function of angiogenesis such as ATF2, MTA1, ROCK1/2 and so on. Therefore, exosomes plays an influential role in angiogenesis in ovarian serous cancer and also function more effectively in high-grade ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yi
- Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital Fujian Medical University Teaching HospitalFuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jun Ye
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Li-Wen Zhang
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200240, China
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961
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Mutvei AP, Fredlund E, Lendahl U. Frequency and distribution of Notch mutations in tumor cell lines. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:311. [PMID: 25907971 PMCID: PMC4430925 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated Notch signaling is linked to a variety of tumors and it is therefore important to learn more about the frequency and distribution of Notch mutations in a tumor context. METHODS In this report, we use data from the recently developed Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia to assess the frequency and distribution of Notch mutations in a large panel of cancer cell lines in silico. RESULTS Our results show that the mutation frequency of Notch receptor and ligand genes is at par with that for established oncogenes and higher than for a set of house-keeping genes. Mutations were found across all four Notch receptor genes, but with notable differences between protein domains, mutations were for example more prevalent in the regions encoding the LNR and PEST domains in the Notch intracellular domain. Furthermore, an in silico estimation of functional impact showed that deleterious mutations cluster to the ligand-binding and the intracellular domains of NOTCH1. For most cell line groups, the mutation frequency of Notch genes is higher than in associated primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed new light on the spectrum of Notch mutations after in vitro culturing of tumor cells. The higher mutation frequency in tumor cell lines indicates that Notch mutations are associated with a growth advantage in vitro, and thus may be considered to be driver mutations in a tumor cell line context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Fredlund
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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962
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Boora GK, Kanwar R, Kulkarni AA, Pleticha J, Ames M, Schroth G, Beutler AS, Banck MS. Exome-level comparison of primary well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and their cell lines. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:374-81. [PMID: 26087898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine cancer cell lines are used to investigate therapeutic targets in neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and have been instrumental in the design of clinical trials targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, VEGF inhibitors, and somatostatin analogues. It remains unknown, however, whether the genomic makeup of NET cell lines reflect that of primary NET since comprehensive unbiased genome sequencing has not been performed on the cell lines. Four bronchopulmonary NET (BP-NET)-NCI-H720, NCI-H727, NCI-H835, and UMC11-and two pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNET)-BON-1 and QGP1-were cultured. DNA was isolated, and exome sequencing was done. GATK and EXCAVATOR were used for bioinformatic analysis. We detected a total of 1,764 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants at a rate of 8 per Mb in BP-NET and 4.3 per Mb in panNET cell lines, including 52 mutated COSMIC cancer genes in these cell lines, such as TP53, BRCA1, RB1, TSC2, NOTCH1, EP300, GNAS, KDR, STK11, and APC but not ATRX, DAXX, nor MEN1. Our data suggest that mutation rate, the pattern of copy number variations, and the mutational spectra in the BP-NET cell lines are more similar to the changes observed in small cell lung cancer than those found in primary BP-NET. Likewise, mutation rate and pattern including the absence of mutations in ATRX/DAXX, MEN1, and YY1 in the panNET cell lines BON1 and QGP1 suggest that these cell lines do not have the genetic signatures of a primary panNET. These results suggest that results from experiments with BP-NET and panNET cell lines need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh K Boora
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rahul Kanwar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amit A Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Josef Pleticha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew Ames
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Andreas S Beutler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Michaela S Banck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA.
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963
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Angi M, Versluis M, Kalirai H. Culturing Uveal Melanoma Cells. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2015; 1:126-32. [PMID: 27171555 DOI: 10.1159/000370150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in cancer research is the use of appropriate models with which to study a specific biological question. Cell lines have long been used to study cellular processes and the effects of individual molecules because they are easy to use, grow rapidly, produce reproducible results and have a strong track record in research. In uveal melanoma in particular, the absence of animal models that faithfully replicate the behavior of the human disease has propagated the generation and use of numerous cell lines by individual research groups. This in itself, however, can be viewed as a problem due to the lack of standardization when characterizing these entities to determine how closely they reflect the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of this disease. The alternative is to use in vitro primary cultures of cells obtained directly from uveal melanoma patient samples, but this too has its difficulties. Primary cell cultures are difficult to use, hard to obtain and can show considerable heterogeneity. In this article, we review the following: (1) the uveal melanoma cell lines that are currently available, discussing the importance of establishing a bank of those that represent the molecular heterogeneity of uveal melanoma; (2) the methods used to isolate and perform short-term cultures of primary uveal melanoma cells, and (3) the establishment of 3D tissue culture models that bridge the gap between 2D in vitro systems and in vivo models with which to dissect cancer biology and perform therapeutic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Angi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mieke Versluis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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964
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Davis SJ, Sheppard KE, Anglesio MS, George J, Traficante N, Fereday S, Intermaggio MP, Menon U, Gentry-Maharaj A, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Pearce CL, Pike MC, Wu A, Kommoss S, Pfisterer J, du Bois A, Hilpert F, Ramus SJ, Bowtell DDL, Huntsman DG, Pearson RB, Simpson KJ, Campbell IG, Gorringe KL. Enhanced GAB2 Expression Is Associated with Improved Survival in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Sensitivity to PI3K Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1495-503. [PMID: 25852062 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of genomic alterations defining ovarian carcinoma subtypes may aid the stratification of patients to receive targeted therapies. We characterized high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) for the association of amplified and overexpressed genes with clinical outcome using gene expression data from 499 HGSC patients in the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis cohort for 11 copy number amplified genes: ATP13A4, BMP8B, CACNA1C, CCNE1, DYRK1B, GAB2, PAK4, RAD21, TPX2, ZFP36, and URI. The Australian Ovarian Cancer Study and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets were also used to assess the correlation between gene expression, patient survival, and tumor classification. In a multivariate analysis, high GAB2 expression was associated with improved overall and progression-free survival (P = 0.03 and 0.02), whereas high BMP8B and ATP13A4 were associated with improved progression-free survival (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02). GAB2 overexpression and copy number gain were enriched in the AOCS C4 subgroup. High GAB2 expression correlated with enhanced sensitivity in vitro to the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-04691502 and could be used as a genomic marker for identifying patients who will respond to treatments inhibiting PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Davis
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen E Sheppard
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Anglesio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joshy George
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory and Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory and Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory and Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria P Intermaggio
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Usha Menon
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, University College London, Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Women's Cancer, University College London, Institute for Women's Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jacobus Pfisterer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik (HSK), Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Hilpert
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory and Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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965
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Milagre CS, Gopinathan G, Everitt G, Thompson RG, Kulbe H, Zhong H, Hollingsworth RE, Grose R, Bowtell DDL, Hochhauser D, Balkwill FR. Adaptive Upregulation of EGFR Limits Attenuation of Tumor Growth by Neutralizing IL6 Antibodies, with Implications for Combined Therapy in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1255-64. [PMID: 25670170 PMCID: PMC4384986 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Excess production of the proinflammatory IL6 has both local and systemic tumor-promoting activity in many cancers, including ovarian cancer. However, treatment of advanced ovarian cancer patients with a neutralizing IL6 antibody yielded little efficacy in a previous phase II clinical trial. Here, we report results that may explain this outcome, based on the finding that neutralizing antibodies to IL6 and STAT3 inhibition are sufficient to upregulate the EGFR pathway in high-grade serous and other ovarian cancer cells. Cell treatment with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib abolished upregulation of the EGFR pathway. Combining neutralizing IL6 antibodies and gefitinib inhibited malignant cell growth in 2D and 3D culture. We found that ErbB-1 was localized predominantly in the nucleus of ovarian cancer cells examined, contrasting with plasma membrane localization in lung cancer cells. Treatment with anti-IL6, gefitinib, or their combination all led to partial restoration of ErbB-1 on the plasma membrane. In vivo experiments confirmed the effects of IL6 inhibition on the EGFR pathway and the enhanced activity of a combination of anti-IL6 antibodies and gefitinib on malignant cell growth. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical rationale to combine anti-IL6 and gefitinib to treat patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Milagre
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganga Gopinathan
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Everitt
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Thompson
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hagen Kulbe
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haihong Zhong
- MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Richard Grose
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Frances R Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.
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966
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Li J, Zheng S, Chen B, Butte AJ, Swamidass SJ, Lu Z. A survey of current trends in computational drug repositioning. Brief Bioinform 2015; 17:2-12. [PMID: 25832646 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational drug repositioning or repurposing is a promising and efficient tool for discovering new uses from existing drugs and holds the great potential for precision medicine in the age of big data. The explosive growth of large-scale genomic and phenotypic data, as well as data of small molecular compounds with granted regulatory approval, is enabling new developments for computational repositioning. To achieve the shortest path toward new drug indications, advanced data processing and analysis strategies are critical for making sense of these heterogeneous molecular measurements. In this review, we show recent advancements in the critical areas of computational drug repositioning from multiple aspects. First, we summarize available data sources and the corresponding computational repositioning strategies. Second, we characterize the commonly used computational techniques. Third, we discuss validation strategies for repositioning studies, including both computational and experimental methods. Finally, we highlight potential opportunities and use-cases, including a few target areas such as cancers. We conclude with a brief discussion of the remaining challenges in computational drug repositioning.
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967
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Kim MK, James J, Annunziata CM. Topotecan synergizes with CHEK1 (CHK1) inhibitor to induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:196. [PMID: 25884494 PMCID: PMC4379550 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Topotecan (TPT) is a therapeutic option for women with platinum-resistant or -refractory ovarian cancer. However, the dose-limiting toxicity of TPT is myelosuppression. This led us to seek a combination treatment to augment TPT anti-cancer activity in a cancer-targeted manner. Ovarian serous cancers, a major subtype, show dysregulated DNA repair pathway and often display a high level of CHEK1 (CHK1), a cell cycle regulator and DNA damage sensor. CHEK1 inhibitors are a novel approach to treatment, and have been used as single agents or in combination chemotherapy in many cancers. Methods We evaluated the cellular effects of TPT in a panel of high grade serous (HGS) and non-HGS ovarian cancer cells. We then determined IC50s of TPT in the absence and presence of CHEK1 inhibitor, PF477736. Synergism between TPT and PF477736 was calculated based on cellular viability assays. Cytotoxic effect of the combined treatment was compared with apoptotic activities by Caspase3/7 activity assay and Western blotting of cleaved-PARP1 and γH2AX. Results Non-HGS ovarian cancer cells were generally more sensitive to TPT treatment compared to HGS ovarian cancer cells. When combined with CHEK1 inhibitor, TPT potently and synergistically inhibited the proliferation of HGS ovarian cancer cells. This dramatic synergism in cellular toxicity was consistent with increases in markers of apoptosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the addition of CHEK1 inhibitor increases the response of ovarian cancer cells to TPT. Furthermore, reduced dosages of both drugs achieved maximal cytotoxic effects by combining TPT with CHEK1 inhibitor. This strategy would potentially minimize side effects of the drugs for extended clinical benefit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1231-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne K Kim
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jana James
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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968
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Bateman NW, Jaworski E, Ao W, Wang G, Litzi T, Dubil E, Marcus C, Conrads KA, Teng PN, Hood BL, Phippen NT, Vasicek LA, McGuire WP, Paz K, Sidransky D, Hamilton CA, Maxwell GL, Darcy KM, Conrads TP. Elevated AKAP12 in paclitaxel-resistant serous ovarian cancer cells is prognostic and predictive of poor survival in patients. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1900-10. [PMID: 25748058 DOI: 10.1021/pr5012894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A majority of high-grade (HG) serous ovarian cancer (SOC) patients develop resistant disease despite high initial response rates to platinum/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. We identified shed/secreted proteins in preclinical models of paclitaxel-resistant human HGSOC models and correlated these candidate proteins with patient outcomes using public data from HGSOC patients. Proteomic analyses of a HGSOC cell line secretome was compared to those from a syngeneic paclitaxel-resistant variant and from a line established from an intrinsically chemorefractory HGSOC patient. Associations between the identified candidate proteins and patient outcome were assessed in a discovery cohort of 545 patients and two validation cohorts totaling 795 independent SOC patients. Among the 81 differentially abundant proteins identified (q < 0.05) from paclitaxel-sensitive vs -resistant HGSOC cell secretomes, AKAP12 was verified to be elevated in all models of paclitaxel-resistant HGSOC. Furthermore, elevated AKAP12 transcript expression was associated with worse progression-free and overall survival. Associations with outcome were observed in three independent cohorts and remained significant after adjusted multivariate modeling. We further provide evidence to support that differential gene methylation status is associated with elevated expression of AKAP12 in taxol-resistant ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer patient subsets. Elevated expression and shedding/secretion of AKAP12 is characteristic of paclitaxel-resistant HGSOC cells, and elevated AKAP12 transcript expression is a poor prognostic and predictive marker for progression-free and overall survival in SOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Bateman
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Elizabeth Jaworski
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Wei Ao
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Guisong Wang
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Tracy Litzi
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Elizabeth Dubil
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States.,‡Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Charlotte Marcus
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States.,‡Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Kelly A Conrads
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Pang-ning Teng
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Brian L Hood
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Neil T Phippen
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States.,‡Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Lisa A Vasicek
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - William P McGuire
- §Massey Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Keren Paz
- ∥Champions Oncology, Inc., 855 North Wolfe Street, Suite 619, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- ⊥Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Chad A Hamilton
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States.,‡Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States.,#Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, United States
| | - Kathleen M Darcy
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- †Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, 3289 Woodburn Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003, United States
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969
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Gambaro K, Quinn MCJ, Cáceres-Gorriti KY, Shapiro RS, Provencher D, Rahimi K, Mes-Masson AM, Tonin PN. Low levels of IGFBP7 expression in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is associated with patient outcome. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:135. [PMID: 25886299 PMCID: PMC4381406 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has been suggested to act as a tumour suppressor gene in various human cancers, yet its role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not yet been investigated. We previously observed that IGFBP7 was one of several genes found significantly upregulated in an EOC cell line model rendered non-tumourigenic as consequence of genetic manipulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of IGFBP7 in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC), the most common type of EOC. METHODS We analysed IGFBP7 gene expression in 11 normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (NOSE), 79 high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC), and seven EOC cell lines using a custom gene expression array platform. IGFBP7 mRNA expression profiles were also extracted from publicly available databases. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry of 175 HGSC and 10 normal fallopian tube samples using tissue microarray and related to disease outcome. We used EOC cells to investigate possible mechanisms of gene inactivation and describe various in vitro growth effects of exposing EOC cell lines to human recombinant IGFBP7 protein and conditioned media. RESULTS All HGSCs exhibited IGFBP7 expression levels that were significantly (p = 0.001) lower than the mean of the expression value of NOSE samples and that of a whole ovary sample. IGFBP7 gene and protein expression were lower in tumourigenic EOC cell lines relative to a non-tumourigenic EOC cell line. None of the EOC cell lines harboured a somatic mutation in IGFBP7, although loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the IGFBP7 locus and epigenetic methylation silencing of the IGFBP7 promoter was observed in two of the cell lines exhibiting loss of gene/protein expression. In vitro functional assays revealed an alteration of the EOC cell migration capacity. Protein expression analysis of HGSC samples revealed that the large majority of tumour cores (72.6%) showed low or absence of IGFBP7 staining and revealed a significant correlation between IGFBP7 protein expression and a prolonged overall survival (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION The low levels of IGFPB7 in HGSC relative to normal tissues, and association with survival are consistent with a purported role in tumour suppressor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gambaro
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada.
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada.
| | - Katia Y Cáceres-Gorriti
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada.
| | - Rebecca S Shapiro
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada. .,Department of Obstetric-Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2L 4M1, Canada.
| | - Kurosh Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 0B9, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Patricia N Tonin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 1A4, Canada. .,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Site Glen Pavillion Block E, Cancer Research Program E026217 (cubicle E), Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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970
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Lodhia KA, Hadley AM, Haluska P, Scott CL. Prioritizing therapeutic targets using patient-derived xenograft models. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:223-34. [PMID: 25783201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective systemic treatment of cancer relies on the delivery of agents with optimal therapeutic potential. The molecular age of medicine has provided genomic tools that can identify a large number of potential therapeutic targets in individual patients, heralding the promise of personalized treatment. However, determining which potential targets actually drive tumor growth and should be prioritized for therapy is challenging. Indeed, reliable molecular matches of target and therapeutic agent have been stringently validated in the clinic for only a small number of targets. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are tumor models developed in immunocompromised mice using tumor procured directly from the patient. As patient surrogates, PDX models represent a powerful tool for addressing individualized therapy. Challenges include humanizing the immune system of PDX models and ensuring high quality molecular annotation, in order to maximize insights for the clinic. Importantly, PDX can be sampled repeatedly and in parallel, to reveal clonal evolution, which may predict mechanisms of drug resistance and inform therapeutic strategy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lodhia
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A M Hadley
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P Haluska
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C L Scott
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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971
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Luo LY, Kim E, Cheung HW, Weir BA, Dunn GP, Shen RR, Hahn WC. The Tyrosine Kinase Adaptor Protein FRS2 Is Oncogenic and Amplified in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:502-9. [PMID: 25368431 PMCID: PMC4369154 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are characterized by widespread recurrent regions of copy-number gain and loss. Here, we interrogated 50 genes that are recurrently amplified in HGSOC and essential for cancer proliferation and survival in ovarian cancer cell lines. FRS2 is one of the 50 genes located on chromosomal region 12q15 that is focally amplified in 12.5% of HGSOC. We found that FRS2-amplified cancer cell lines are dependent on FRS2 expression, and that FRS2 overexpression in immortalized human cell lines conferred the ability to grow in an anchorage-independent manner and as tumors in immunodeficient mice. FRS2, an adaptor protein in the FGFR pathway, induces downstream activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway. These observations identify FRS2 as an oncogene in a subset of HGSOC that harbor FRS2 amplifications. IMPLICATIONS These studies identify FRS2 as an amplified oncogene in a subset of HGSOC. FRS2 expression is essential to ovarian cancer cells that harbor 12q15 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Y Luo
- Health Sciences and Technology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eejung Kim
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiu Wing Cheung
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Barbara A Weir
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rhine R Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Astellas Pharma U.S. Inc., Santa Monica, California
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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972
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Mehta M, Khan A, Danish S, Haffty BG, Sabaawy HE. Radiosensitization of Primary Human Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells with Low-Dose AKT Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1171-80. [PMID: 25695954 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal brain cancer. The lack of early detection methods, the presence of rapidly growing tumor cells, and the high levels of recurrence due to chemo- and radioresistance make this cancer an extremely difficult disease to treat. Emerging studies have focused on inhibiting AKT activation; here, we demonstrate that in primary GBM tumor samples, full-dose inhibition of AKT activity leads to differential responses among samples in the context of cell death and self-renewal, reinforcing the notion that GBM is a heterogeneous disease. In contrast, low-dose AKT inhibition when combined with fractionation of radiation doses leads to a significant apoptosis-mediated cell death of primary patient-derived GBM cells. Therefore, low-dose-targeted therapies might be better for radiosensitization of primary GBM cells and further allow for reducing the clinical toxicities often associated with targeting the AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway. This work emphasizes the discrepancies between cell lines and primary tumors in drug testing, and indicates that there are salient differences between patients, highlighting the need for personalized medicine in treating high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monal Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Atif Khan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Shabbar Danish
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bruce G Haffty
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Hatem E Sabaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Department of Medicine, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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973
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Jaeger S, Duran-Frigola M, Aloy P. Drug sensitivity in cancer cell lines is not tissue-specific. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:40. [PMID: 25881072 PMCID: PMC4359490 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cell lines have a prominent role in the initial stages of drug discovery, facilitating high-throughput screening of potential drugs. However, their clinical relevance remains controversial. Findings We assess whether drug sensitivity in cancer cell lines is able to discriminate tissue specificity. We find that cancer-specific drugs do not show higher efficacies in cell lines representing the respective tissues. Even when considering distinct cancer subtypes and targeted therapies, most drugs are evenly effective/ineffective throughout all cell lines. Conclusions To get the most out of cell line panels, it will be necessary to look into their molecular characteristics, and integrate them into systems biology frameworks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0312-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jaeger
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), c/Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Miquel Duran-Frigola
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), c/Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Patrick Aloy
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), c/Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Catalonia, Spain.
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974
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Stefanou DT, Bamias A, Episkopou H, Kyrtopoulos SA, Likka M, Kalampokas T, Photiou S, Gavalas N, Sfikakis PP, Dimopoulos MA, Souliotis VL. Aberrant DNA damage response pathways may predict the outcome of platinum chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117654. [PMID: 25659114 PMCID: PMC4320060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Despite the advances in the treatment of OC with combinatorial regimens, including surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, patients generally exhibit poor prognosis due to high chemotherapy resistance. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are involved in resistance of OC patients to platinum chemotherapy. Selected DDR signals were evaluated in two human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, one sensitive (A2780) and one resistant (A2780/C30) to platinum treatment as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from OC patients, sensitive (n = 7) or resistant (n = 4) to subsequent chemotherapy. PBMCs from healthy volunteers (n = 9) were studied in parallel. DNA damage was evaluated by immunofluorescence γH2AX staining and comet assay. Higher levels of intrinsic DNA damage were found in A2780 than in A2780/C30 cells. Moreover, the intrinsic DNA damage levels were significantly higher in OC patients relative to healthy volunteers, as well as in platinum-sensitive patients relative to platinum-resistant ones (all P<0.05). Following carboplatin treatment, A2780 cells showed lower DNA repair efficiency than A2780/C30 cells. Also, following carboplatin treatment of PBMCs ex vivo, the DNA repair efficiency was significantly higher in healthy volunteers than in platinum-resistant patients and lowest in platinum-sensitive ones (t1/2 for loss of γH2AX foci: 2.7±0.5h, 8.8±1.9h and 15.4±3.2h, respectively; using comet assay, t1/2 of platinum-induced damage repair: 4.8±1.4h, 12.9±1.9h and 21.4±2.6h, respectively; all P<0.03). Additionally, the carboplatin-induced apoptosis rate was higher in A2780 than in A2780/C30 cells. In PBMCs, apoptosis rates were inversely correlated with DNA repair efficiencies of these cells, being significantly higher in platinum-sensitive than in platinum-resistant patients and lowest in healthy volunteers (all P<0.05). We conclude that perturbations of DNA repair pathways as measured in PBMCs from OC patients correlate with the drug sensitivity of these cells and reflect the individualized response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra T. Stefanou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Athens University Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Athens University Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Hara Episkopou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Soterios A. Kyrtopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Likka
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Athens University Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Kalampokas
- Second Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Athens University Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Photiou
- Second Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Athens University Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Gavalas
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Athens University Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- First Department of Propedeutic Medicine, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Athens University Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis L. Souliotis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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975
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Three-dimensional collagen type I matrix up-regulates nuclear isoforms of the microtubule associated protein tau implicated in resistance to paclitaxel therapy in ovarian carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3419-33. [PMID: 25658796 PMCID: PMC4346904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. One reason underlying treatment failure is resistance to paclitaxel. Expression of the microtubule associated protein tau has recently been proposed as a predictor of response to paclitaxel in ovarian carcinoma patients. Expression of tau was probed using immunohistochemistry in 312 specimens of primary, and 40 specimens of metastatic, ovarian carcinoma. Serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell line models were used to determine the expression of tau by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Subcellular fractionation and Western blot were employed to examine nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of tau. Gene silencing and clonogenic assays were used to evaluate paclitaxel response. Tau was expressed in 44% of all tested cases. Among the primary serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma cases, 46% were tau-positive. Among the metastatic serous epithelial ovarian carcinomas, 63% were tau-positive. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that tau was expressed in multiple isoforms. Three-dimensional collagen I matrix culture conditions resulted in up-regulation of tau protein. Silencing of tau with specific siRNAs in a combination with three-dimensional culture conditions led to a significant decrease of the clonogenic ability of cells treated with paclitaxel. The data suggest that reduction of tau expression may sensitize ovarian carcinoma to the paclitaxel treatment.
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976
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Abstract
The complexity and heterogeneity of ovarian cancer cases are difficult to reproduce in in vitro studies, which cannot adequately elucidate the molecular events involved in tumor initiation and disease metastasis. It has now become clear that, although the multiple histological subtypes of ovarian cancer are being treated with similar surgical and therapeutic approaches, they are in fact characterized by distinct phenotypes, cell of origin, and underlying key genetic and genomic alterations. Consequently, the development of more personalized treatment methodologies, which are aimed at improving patient care and prognosis, will greatly benefit from a better understanding of the key differences between various subtypes. To accomplish this, animal models of all histotypes need to be generated in order to provide accurate in vivo platforms for research and the testing of targeted treatments and immune therapies. Both genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and xenograft models have the ability to further our understanding of key mechanisms facilitating tumorigenesis, and at the same time offer insight into enhanced imaging and treatment modalities. While genetic models may be better suited to examine oncogenic functions and interactions during tumorigenesis, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are likely a superior model to assess drug efficacy, especially in concurrent clinical trials, due to their similarity to the tumors from which they are derived. Genetic and avatar models possess great clinical utility and have both benefits and limitations. Additionally, the laying hen model, which spontaneously develops ovarian tumors, has inherent advantages for the study of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and recent work champions this model especially when assessing chemoprevention strategies. While high-grade ovarian serous tumors are the most prevalent form of EOC, rarer ovarian cancer variants, such as small cell ovarian carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type and transitional cell carcinoma, or non-epithelial tumors, including germ cell tumors, will also benefit from the generation of improved models to advance our understanding of tumorigenic mechanisms and the development of selective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anders W Ohman
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniela M Dinulescu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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977
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Kinose Y, Sawada K, Makino H, Ogura T, Mizuno T, Suzuki N, Fujikawa T, Morii E, Nakamura K, Sawada I, Toda A, Hashimoto K, Isobe A, Mabuchi S, Ohta T, Itai A, Morishige KI, Kurachi H, Kimura T. IKKβ Regulates VEGF Expression and Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Ovarian Cancer as an Antiangiogenic Treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:909-19. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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978
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Lim JJ, Yang K, Taylor-Harding B, Wiedemeyer WR, Buckanovich RJ. VEGFR3 inhibition chemosensitizes ovarian cancer stemlike cells through down-regulation of BRCA1 and BRCA2. Neoplasia 2015; 16:343-53.e1-2. [PMID: 24862760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, loss of BRCA gene expression in tumors is associated with improved response to chemotherapy and increased survival. A means to pharmacologically downregulate BRCA gene expression could improve the outcomes of patients with BRCA wild-type tumors. We report that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) inhibition in ovarian cancer cells is associated with decreased levels of both BRCA1 and BRCA2. Inhibition of VEGFR3 in ovarian tumor cells was associated with growth arrest. CD133(+) ovarian cancer stemlike cells were preferentially susceptible to VEGFR3-mediated growth inhibition. VEGFR3 inhibition-mediated down-regulation of BRCA gene expression reversed chemotherapy resistance and restored chemosensitivity in resistant cell lines in which a BRCA2 mutation had reverted to wild type. Finally, we demonstrate that tumor-associated macrophages are a primary source of VEGF-C in the tumor microenvironment. Our studies suggest that VEGFR3 inhibition may be a pharmacologic means to downregulate BRCA genes and improve the outcomes of patients with BRCA wild-type tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung J Lim
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Barbie Taylor-Harding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Ruprecht Wiedemeyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Gynecology and Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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979
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Ataie-Kachoie P, Pourgholami MH, Bahrami-B F, Badar S, Morris DL. Minocycline attenuates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression correlated with modulation of p53 and AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 pathway in ovarian cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:575-588. [PMID: 25973298 PMCID: PMC4396050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is the key cellular survival protein under hypoxia, and is associated with tumor progression and angiogenesis. We have recently shown the inhibitory effects of minocycline on ovarian tumor growth correlated with attenuation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and herein report a companion laboratory study to test if these effects were the result of HIF-1α inhibition. In vitro, human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (A2780, OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3) were utilized to examine the effect of minocycline on HIF-1 and its upstream pathway components to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action of minocycline. Mice harboring OVCAR-3 xenografts were treated with minocycline to assess the in vivo efficacy of minocycline in the context of HIF-1. Minocycline negatively regulated HIF-1α protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner and induced its degradation by a mechanism that is independent of prolyl-hydroxylation. The inhibition of HIF-1α was found to be associated with up-regulation of endogenous p53, a tumor suppressor with confirmed role in HIF-1α degradation. Further studies demonstrated that the effect of minocycline was not restricted to proteasomal degradation and that it also caused down-regulation of HIF-1α translation by suppressing the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 signaling pathway. Minocycline treatment of mice bearing established ovarian tumors, led to suppression of HIF-1α accompanied by up-regulation of p53 protein levels and inactivation of AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 pathway. These data reveal the therapeutic potential of minocycline in ovarian cancer as an agent that targets the pro-oncogenic factor HIF-1α through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farnaz Bahrami-B
- University of New South Wales Department of Surgery, St George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolSydney, Australia
| | - Samina Badar
- University of New South Wales Department of Surgery, St George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolSydney, Australia
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Surgery, St George HospitalSydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales Department of Surgery, St George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolSydney, Australia
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980
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Borley J, Brown R. Epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets of chemotherapy resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann Med 2015; 47:359-69. [PMID: 26158617 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1043140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer with the majority of patients succumbing to chemotherapy-resistant disease. Unravelling the mechanisms of drug resistance and how it can be prevented or reversed is a pivotal challenge in the treatment of cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms appear to play a crucial role in the development of inherent and acquired resistance in ovarian cancer. Aberrant epigenetic states can be reversed by drug therapy, and thus maintenance of epigenetic change is a potential target to halt or reverse chemotherapy resistance. This review explores the evidence that demonstrates that DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs are associated with inherent and acquired chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer and the current challenges associated with this. We also explore current epigenetic therapies used in patients with drug-resistant ovarian cancer and future potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Borley
- a Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK
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981
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Krishna A, Biryukov M, Trefois C, Antony PMA, Hussong R, Lin J, Heinäniemi M, Glusman G, Köglsberger S, Boyd O, van den Berg BHJ, Linke D, Huang D, Wang K, Hood L, Tholey A, Schneider R, Galas DJ, Balling R, May P. Systems genomics evaluation of the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line as a model for Parkinson's disease. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1154. [PMID: 25528190 PMCID: PMC4367834 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, is a commonly used cell line in studies related to neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative diseases. Although this cell line is often used as a cellular model for Parkinson’s disease, the relevance of this cellular model in the context of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases has not yet been systematically evaluated. Results We have used a systems genomics approach to characterize the SH-SY5Y cell line using whole-genome sequencing to determine the genetic content of the cell line and used transcriptomics and proteomics data to determine molecular correlations. Further, we integrated genomic variants using a network analysis approach to evaluate the suitability of the SH-SY5Y cell line for perturbation experiments in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. Conclusions The systems genomics approach showed consistency across different biological levels (DNA, RNA and protein concentrations). Most of the genes belonging to the major Parkinson’s disease pathways and modules were intact in the SH-SY5Y genome. Specifically, each analysed gene related to PD has at least one intact copy in SH-SY5Y. The disease-specific network analysis approach ranked the genetic integrity of SH-SY5Y as higher for PD than for Alzheimer’s disease but lower than for Huntington’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis for loss of function perturbation experiments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1154) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Krishna
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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982
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Engineered microenvironments provide new insights into ovarian and prostate cancer progression and drug responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:193-213. [PMID: 24969478 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering technologies, which have originally been designed to reconstitute damaged tissue structure and function, can mimic not only tissue regeneration processes but also cancer development and progression. Bioengineered approaches allow cell biologists to develop sophisticated experimentally and physiologically relevant cancer models to recapitulate the complexity of the disease seen in patients. Tissue engineering tools enable three-dimensionality based on the design of biomaterials and scaffolds that re-create the geometry, chemistry, function and signalling milieu of the native tumour microenvironment. Three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, including cell-derived matrices, biomaterial-based cell culture models and integrated co-cultures with engineered stromal components, are powerful tools to study dynamic processes like proteolytic functions associated with cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to therapeutics. In this review, we discuss how biomimetic strategies can reproduce a humanised niche for human cancer cells, such as peritoneal or bone-like microenvironments, addressing specific aspects of ovarian and prostate cancer progression and therapy response.
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983
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Lee JW, Ryu JY, Yoon G, Jeon HK, Cho YJ, Choi JJ, Song SY, Do IG, Lee YY, Kim TJ, Choi CH, Kim BG, Bae DS. Sphingosine kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:221-9. [PMID: 25429856 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is over-expressed in multiple types of human cancer. SK1 has growth-promoting effects and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target. We investigated the therapeutic effects of SK1 inhibition in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). SK1 siRNA or inhibitors were tested in EOC cell lines, including A2780, SKOV3ip1, A2780-CP20, SKOV3-TR, ES2 and RMG2. Cells were treated with SK inhibitor or FTY720, and cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and invasion were examined by MTT, FACS, ELISA and wound-healing assays, respectively. In vivo experiments were performed to test the effects of FTY720 on tumor growth in orthotopic mouse xenografts of EOC cell lines A2780 or SKOV3ip1 and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCC). Blocking SK1 with siRNA or inhibitors significantly reduced proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion, and increased apoptosis in chemosensitive (A2780 and SKOV3ip1) and chemoresistant (A2780-CP20, SKOV3-TR, ES2 and RMG2) EOC cells. SK1 inhibitors also decreased the intracellular enzymatic activity of SK1. Furthermore, FTY720 treatment significantly decreased the in vivo tumor weight in xenograft models of established cell lines (A2780 and SKOV3ip1) and a PDX model for CCC compared to control (p < 0.05). These results support therapeutic targeting of SK1 as a potential new strategy for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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984
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San Lucas FA, Fowler J, Chang K, Kopetz S, Vilar E, Scheet P. Cancer in silico drug discovery: a systems biology tool for identifying candidate drugs to target specific molecular tumor subtypes. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:3230-40. [PMID: 25349306 PMCID: PMC4341901 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale cancer datasets such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) allow researchers to profile tumors based on a wide range of clinical and molecular characteristics. Subsequently, TCGA-derived gene expression profiles can be analyzed with the Connectivity Map (CMap) to find candidate drugs to target tumors with specific clinical phenotypes or molecular characteristics. This represents a powerful computational approach for candidate drug identification, but due to the complexity of TCGA and technology differences between CMap and TCGA experiments, such analyses are challenging to conduct and reproduce. We present Cancer in silico Drug Discovery (CiDD; scheet.org/software), a computational drug discovery platform that addresses these challenges. CiDD integrates data from TCGA, CMap, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) to perform computational drug discovery experiments, generating hypotheses for the following three general problems: (i) determining whether specific clinical phenotypes or molecular characteristics are associated with unique gene expression signatures; (ii) finding candidate drugs to repress these expression signatures; and (iii) identifying cell lines that resemble the tumors being studied for subsequent in vitro experiments. The primary input to CiDD is a clinical or molecular characteristic. The output is a biologically annotated list of candidate drugs and a list of cell lines for in vitro experimentation. We applied CiDD to identify candidate drugs to treat colorectal cancers harboring mutations in BRAF. CiDD identified EGFR and proteasome inhibitors, while proposing five cell lines for in vitro testing. CiDD facilitates phenotype-driven, systematic drug discovery based on clinical and molecular data from TCGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anthony San Lucas
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas. Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jerry Fowler
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle Chang
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas. Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas. Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Paul Scheet
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas. Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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985
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Sundar SJ, Hsieh JK, Manjila S, Lathia JD, Sloan A. The role of cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 37:E6. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.focus14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence in glioblastoma is nearly universal, and its prognosis remains dismal despite significant advances in treatment over the past decade. Glioblastoma demonstrates considerable intratumoral phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity and contains a population of cancer stem cells that contributes to tumor propagation, maintenance, and treatment resistance. Cancer stem cells are functionally defined by their ability to self-renew and to differentiate, and they constitute the diverse hierarchy of cells composing a tumor. When xenografted into an appropriate host, they are capable of tumorigenesis. Given the critical role of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, research into their molecular and phenotypic characteristics is a therapeutic priority. In this review, the authors discuss the evolution of the cancer stem cell model of tumorigenesis and describe the specific role of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma and their molecular and microenvironmental characteristics. They also discuss recent clinical investigations into targeted therapies against cancer stem cells in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason K. Hsieh
- 1Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
- 2Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
| | - Sunil Manjila
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- 2Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
- 4Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; and
- 5Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew Sloan
- 1Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center
- 5Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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986
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Leung AWY, Kalra J, Santos ND, Bally MB, Anglesio MS. Harnessing the potential of lipid-based nanomedicines for type-specific ovarian cancer treatments. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:501-22. [PMID: 24746193 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancers are a group of at least five histologically and clinically distinct diseases, yet at this time patients with these different diseases are all treated with the same platinum and taxane-based chemotherapeutic regimen. With increased knowledge of histotype-specific differences that correlate with treatment responses and resistance, novel treatment strategies will be developed for each distinct disease. Type-specific or resistance-driven molecularly targeted agents will provide some specificity over traditional chemotherapies and it is argued here that nanoscaled drug delivery systems, in particular lipid-based formulations, have the potential to improve the delivery and specificity of pathway-specific drugs and broad-spectrum cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. An overview of the current understanding of ovarian cancers and the evolving clinical management of these diseases is provided. This overview is needed as it provides the context for understanding the current role of drug delivery systems in the treatment of ovarian cancer and the need to design formulations for treatment of clinically distinct forms of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada W Y Leung
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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987
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Exploiting high-throughput cell line drug screening studies to identify candidate therapeutic agents in head and neck cancer. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 15:66. [PMID: 25428177 PMCID: PMC4258049 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need for better therapeutics in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) to improve survival and decrease treatment morbidity. Recent advances in high-throughput drug screening techniques and next-generation sequencing have identified new therapeutic targets in other cancer types, but an HNSCC-specific study has not yet been carried out. We have exploited data from two large-scale cell line projects to clearly describe the mutational and copy number status of HNSCC cell lines and identify candidate drugs with elevated efficacy in HNSCC. Methods The genetic landscape of 42 HNSCC cell lines including mutational and copy number data from studies by Garnett et al., and Barretina et al., were analyzed. Data from Garnett et al. was interrogated for relationships between HNSCC cells versus the entire cell line pool using one- and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). As only seven HNSCC cell lines were tested with drugs by Barretina et al., a similar analysis was not carried out. Results Recurrent mutations in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative patient tumors were confirmed in HNSCC cell lines, however additional, recurrent, cell line-specific mutations were identified. Four drugs, Bosutinib, Docetaxel, BIBW2992, and Gefitinib, were found via multiple-test corrected ANOVA to have lower IC50 values, suggesting higher drug sensitivity, in HNSCC lines versus non-HNSCC lines. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitor AZD6482 demonstrated significantly higher activity (as measured by the IC50) in HNSCC cell lines harbouring PIK3CA mutations versus those that did not. Conclusion HNSCC-specific reanalysis of large-scale drug screening studies has identified candidate drugs that may be of therapeutic benefit and provided insights into strategies to target PIK3CA mutant tumors. PIK3CA mutations may represent a predictive biomarker for response to PI3K inhibitors. A large-scale study focused on HNSCC cell lines and including HPV-positive lines is necessary and has the potential to accelerate the development of improved therapeutics for patients suffering with head and neck cancer. This strategy can potentially be used as a template for drug discovery in any cancer type. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2050-6511-15-66) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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988
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Sequential treatment with aurora B inhibitors enhances cisplatin-mediated apoptosis via c-Myc. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 93:427-38. [PMID: 25411027 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Platinum compound such as cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapy of choice in most patients with ovarian carcinoma. However, patients with inherent or acquired cisplatin resistance often experience relapse. Therefore, novel therapies are urgently required to treat drug-resistant ovarian carcinoma. Here, we showed that compared to the non-functional traditional simultaneous treatment, sequential combination of Aurora B inhibitors followed by cisplatin synergistically enhanced apoptotic response in cisplatin-resistant OVCAR-8 cells. This effect was accompanied by the induction of polyploidy in a c-Myc-dependent manner, as c-Myc knockdown reduced the efficacy of the combination by suppressing the expression of Aurora B and impairing cellular response to Aurora B inhibitor, as indicated by the decreased polyploidy and hyperphosphorylation of histone H1. In c-Myc-deficient SKOV3 cells, c-Myc overexpression restored Aurora B expression, induced polyploidy after inhibition of Aurora B, and sensitized cells to this combination therapy. Thus, our report reveals for the first time that sequential treatment of Aurora B inhibitors and cisplatin is essential to inhibit ovarian carcinoma by inducing polyploidy and downregulating c-Myc and that c-Myc is identified as a predictive biomarker to select cells responsive to chemotherapeutical combinations targeting Aurora B. Collectively, these studies provide novel approaches to overcoming cisplatin chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. KEY MESSAGE Pretreatment of Aurora B inhibitors augment apoptotic effects of cisplatin. The synergy of Aurora B inhibitor with cisplatin is dependent on c-Myc expression. c-Myc-dependent induction of polyploidy sensitizes cells to cisplatin.
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989
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Triggering necroptosis in cisplatin and IAP antagonist-resistant ovarian carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1496. [PMID: 25356865 PMCID: PMC4237265 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer patients are typically treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel, but suffer a high rate of relapse with recalcitrant disease. This challenge has fostered the development of novel approaches to treatment, including antagonists of the 'inhibitor of apoptosis proteins' (IAPs), also called SMAC mimetics, as apoptosis-inducing agents whose action is opposed by caspase inhibitors. Surprisingly, IAP antagonist plus caspase inhibitor (IZ) treatment selectively induced a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-dependent death among several apoptosis-resistant cell lines and patient xenografts. The induction of necroptosis was common in ovarian cancer, with expression of catalytically active receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) necessary for death, and in fact sufficient to compromise survival of RIPK3-negative, necroptosis-resistant ovarian cancer cells. The formation of a necrosome-like complex with a second critical effector, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase-1 (RIPK1), was observed. RIPK1, RIPK3 and TNFα were required for the induction of death, as agents that inhibit the function of any of these targets prevented cell death. Abundant RIPK3 transcript is common in serous ovarian cancers, suggesting that further evaluation and targeting of this RIPK3-dependent pathway may be of clinical benefit.
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990
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Autio K, Knuuttila A, Kipar A, Ahonen M, Parviainen S, Diaconu I, Kanerva A, Hakonen T, Vähä-Koskela M, Hemminki A. Anti-tumour activity of oncolytic Western Reserve vaccinia viruses in canine tumour cell lines, xenografts, and fresh tumour biopsies. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:395-408. [PMID: 25302859 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common reasons for death in dogs. One promising approach is oncolytic virotherapy. We assessed the oncolytic effect of genetically modified vaccinia viruses in canine cancer cells, in freshly excised tumour biopsies, and in mice harbouring canine tumour xenografts. Tumour transduction efficacy was assessed using virus expressing luciferase or fluorescent marker genes and oncolysis was quantified by a colorimetric cell viability assay. Oncolytic efficacy in vivo was evaluated in a nude mouse xenograft model. Vaccinia virus was shown to infect most tested canine cancer cell lines and primary surgical tumour tissues. Virus infection significantly reduced tumour growth in the xenograft model. Oncolytic vaccinia virus has antitumour effects against canine cancer cells and experimental tumours and is able to replicate in freshly excised patient tumour tissue. Our results suggest that oncolytic vaccinia virus may offer an effective treatment option for otherwise incurable canine tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Autio
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Knuuttila
- Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kipar
- Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Ahonen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Parviainen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Diaconu
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Hakonen
- Oncos Therapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology and Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
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991
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Ricci F, Bizzaro F, Cesca M, Guffanti F, Ganzinelli M, Decio A, Ghilardi C, Perego P, Fruscio R, Buda A, Milani R, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Bani MR, Damia G, Giavazzi R. Patient-derived ovarian tumor xenografts recapitulate human clinicopathology and genetic alterations. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6980-90. [PMID: 25304260 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. On the basis of its histopathology and molecular-genomic changes, ovarian cancer has been divided into subtypes, each with distinct biology and outcome. The aim of this study was to develop a panel of patient-derived EOC xenografts that recapitulate the molecular and biologic heterogeneity of human ovarian cancer. Thirty-four EOC xenografts were successfully established, either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, in nude mice. The xenografts were histologically similar to the corresponding patient tumor and comprised all the major ovarian cancer subtypes. After orthotopic transplantation in the bursa of the mouse ovary, they disseminate into the organs of the peritoneal cavity and produce ascites, typical of ovarian cancer. Gene expression analysis and mutation status indicated a high degree of similarity with the original patient and discriminate different subsets of xenografts. They were very responsive, responsive, and resistant to cisplatin, resembling the clinical situation in ovarian cancer. This panel of patient-derived EOC xenografts that recapitulate the recently type I and type II classification serves to study the biology of ovarian cancer, identify tumor-specific molecular markers, and develop novel treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ricci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bizzaro
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cesca
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Guffanti
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Decio
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Ghilardi
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Robert Fruscio
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buda
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Milani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Biella, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Bani
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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992
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Bolyard C, Yoo JY, Wang PY, Saini U, Rath KS, Cripe TP, Zhang J, Selvendiran K, Kaur B. Doxorubicin synergizes with 34.5ENVE to enhance antitumor efficacy against metastatic ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6479-94. [PMID: 25294909 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel therapeutic regimens are needed to improve dismal outcomes associated with late-stage ovarian cancer. Oncolytic viruses are currently being tested in patients with ovarian cancer. Here, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of combining doxorubicin with 34.5ENVE, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus transcriptionally driven by a modified stem cell-specific nestin promoter, and encoding for antiangiogenic Vasculostatin-120 (VStat120) for use against progressive ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Antitumor efficacy of 34.5ENVE was assessed in ovarian cancer cell lines, mouse ascites-derived tumor cells, and primary patient ascites-derived tumor cells by standard MTT assay. The ability of conditioned medium derived from 34.5ENVE-infected ovarian cancer cells to inhibit endothelial cell migration was measured by a Transwell chamber assay. Scope of cytotoxic interactions between 34.5ENVE and doxorubicin were evaluated using Chou-Talalay synergy analysis. Viral replication, herpes simplex virus receptor expression, and apoptosis were evaluated. Efficacy of oncolytic viral therapy in combination with doxorubicin was evaluated in vivo in the murine xenograft model of human ovarian cancer. RESULTS Treatment with 34.5ENVE reduced cell viability of ovarian cancer cell lines, and mouse ascites-derived and patient ascites-derived ovarian tumor cells. Conditioned media from tumor cells infected with 34.5ENVE reduced endothelial cell migration. When combined with doxorubicin, 34.5ENVE killed synergistically with a significant increase in caspase-3/7 activation, and an increase in sub-G1 population of cells. The combination of doxorubicin and 34.5ENVE significantly prolonged survival in nude mice bearing intraperitoneal ovarian cancer tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates significant antitumor efficacy of 34.5ENVE alone, and in combination with doxorubicin against disseminated peritoneal ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Bolyard
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pin-Yi Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Uksha Saini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kellie S Rath
- Ohio Health Gynecologic Cancer Surgeons, Ohio Health Systems, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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993
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Ali JL, Lagasse BJ, Minuk AJ, Love AJ, Moraya AI, Lam L, Arthur G, Gibson SB, Morrison LC, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Fu Y, Nachtigal MW. Differential cellular responses induced by dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 in chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E455-69. [PMID: 25227893 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inherent or acquired drug resistance is a major contributor to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) mortality. Novel drugs or drug combinations that produce EOC cell death or resensitize drug resistant cells to standard chemotherapy may improve patient treatment. After conducting drug tolerability studies for the multikinase inhibitors dorsomorphin (DM) and it is structural analogue LDN-193189 (LDN), these drugs were tested in a mouse intraperitoneal xenograft model of EOC. DM significantly increased survival, whereas LDN showed a trend toward increased survival. In vitro experiments using cisplatin (CP)-resistant EOC cell lines, A2780-cp or SKOV3, we determined that pretreatment or cotreatment with DM or LDN resensitized cells to the killing effect of CP or carboplatin (CB). DM was capable of blocking EOC cell cycle and migration, whereas LDN produced a less pronounced effect on cell cycle and no effect on migration. Subsequent analyses using primary human EOC cell samples or additional established EOC cells lines showed that DM or LDN induced a dose-dependent autophagic or cell death response, respectively. DM induced a characteristic morphological change with the appearance of numerous LC3B-containing acidic vacuoles and an increase in LC3BII levels. This was coincident with a decrease in cell growth and the altered cell cycle consistent with DM-induced cytostasis. By contrast, LDN produced a caspase 3-independent, reactive oxygen species-dependent cell death. Overall, DM and LDN possess drug characteristics suitable for adjuvant agents used to treat chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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994
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Beaufort CM, Helmijr JCA, Piskorz AM, Hoogstraat M, Ruigrok-Ritstier K, Besselink N, Murtaza M, van IJcken WFJ, Heine AAJ, Smid M, Koudijs MJ, Brenton JD, Berns EMJJ, Helleman J. Ovarian cancer cell line panel (OCCP): clinical importance of in vitro morphological subtypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103988. [PMID: 25230021 PMCID: PMC4167545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and remains the most lethal gynaecological malignancy in the Western world. Therapeutic approaches need to account for inter-patient and intra-tumoural heterogeneity and detailed characterization of in vitro models representing the different histological and molecular ovarian cancer subtypes is critical to enable reliable preclinical testing. There are approximately 100 publicly available ovarian cancer cell lines but their cellular and molecular characteristics are largely undescribed. We have characterized 39 ovarian cancer cell lines under uniform conditions for growth characteristics, mRNA/microRNA expression, exon sequencing, drug response for clinically-relevant therapeutics and collated all available information on the original clinical features and site of origin. We tested for statistical associations between the cellular and molecular features of the lines and clinical features. Of the 39 ovarian cancer cell lines, 14 were assigned as high-grade serous, four serous-type, one low-grade serous and 20 non-serous type. Three morphological subtypes: Epithelial (n = 21), Round (n = 7) and Spindle (n = 12) were identified that showed distinct biological and molecular characteristics, including overexpression of cell movement and migration-associated genes in the Spindle subtype. Comparison with the original clinical data showed association of the spindle-like tumours with metastasis, advanced stage, suboptimal debulking and poor prognosis. In addition, the expression profiles of Spindle, Round and Epithelial morphologies clustered with the previously described C1-stromal, C5-mesenchymal and C4 ovarian subtype expression profiles respectively. Comprehensive profiling of 39 ovarian cancer cell lines under controlled, uniform conditions demonstrates clinically relevant cellular and genomic characteristics. This data provides a rational basis for selecting models to develop specific treatment approaches for histological and molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine M. Beaufort
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean C. A. Helmijr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M. Piskorz
- Functional Genomics of Ovarian Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marlous Hoogstraat
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolle Besselink
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Molecular and Computational Diagnostics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anouk A. J. Heine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J. Koudijs
- Department of Medical Oncology and Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - James D. Brenton
- Functional Genomics of Ovarian Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Els M. J. J. Berns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jozien Helleman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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995
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Halama A. Metabolomics in cell culture--a strategy to study crucial metabolic pathways in cancer development and the response to treatment. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:100-9. [PMID: 25218088 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a comprehensive tool for monitoring processes within biological systems. Thus, metabolomics may be widely applied to the determination of diagnostic biomarkers for certain diseases or treatment outcomes. There is significant potential for metabolomics to be implemented in cancer research because cancer may modify metabolic pathways in the whole organism. However, not all biological questions can be answered solely by the examination of small molecule composition in biofluids; in particular, the study of cellular processes or preclinical drug testing requires ex vivo models. The major objective of this review was to summarise the current achievement in the field of metabolomics in cancer cell culture-focusing on the metabolic pathways regulated in different cancer cell lines-and progress that has been made in the area of drug screening and development by the implementation of metabolomics in cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
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996
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Bahrami F, Pourgholami MH, Mekkawy AH, Rufener L, Morris DL. Monepantel induces autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells through disruption of the mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:558-571. [PMID: 25232497 PMCID: PMC4163620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the novel anthelmintic drug monepantel (MPL) inhibits growth, proliferation and colony formation, arrests the cell cycle and induces cleavage of PARP-1 in ovarian cancer cell lines. Here we report on the mechanism behind the anticancer properties of MPL. The cytotoxic effect of MPL on ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3 and A2780) was investigated employing a panel of tests used for the detection of apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis and autophagy were defined by caspase activity, DNA-laddering, Annexin-V and acridine orange (AO) staining. Autophagy markers such as LC3B, SQSTM1/p62 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway related proteins were assessed by western blotting and ELISA techniques. MPL did not activate caspases 3 or 8, nor did it alter the percentage of Annexin V positive stained cells. Failure to cause DNA laddering and the inability of z-VAD-fmk to block the MPL antiproliferative effects led to the ruling out of apoptosis as the mechanism behind MPL-induced cell death. On the other hand, accumulation of acidic vacuoles with distinct chromatin morphology and an increase in punctuate localization of green fluorescent protein-LC3B, and MPL-induced changes in the expression of SQSTM1/p62 were all indicative of MPL-induced autophagy. Consistent with this, we found inhibition of mTOR phosphorylation leading to suppression of the mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. Our findings provide the first evidence to show that MPL triggers autophagy through the deactivation of mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Bahrami
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales, 2217, Australia
| | - Mohammad H Pourgholami
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales, 2217, Australia
| | - Ahmed H Mekkawy
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales, 2217, Australia
| | - Lucien Rufener
- Novartis Centre de Recherche Santé AnimaleCH-1566 St Aubin (FR), Switzerland
| | - David L Morris
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales, 2217, Australia
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997
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Bahrami F, Morris DL, Rufener L, Pourgholami MH. Anticancer properties of novel aminoacetonitrile derivative monepantel (ADD 1566) in pre-clinical models of human ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:545-557. [PMID: 25232496 PMCID: PMC4163619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monepantel (MPL) is a new anthelmintic agent approved for the treatment of nematode infections in farm animals. As a nematicide, it acts through a nematode-specific nicotinic receptor subtype which explains its exceptional safety in rodents and mammals. In the present study, we evaluated its potential as an anticancer agent. In vitro treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer cells with MPL resulted in reduced cell viability, inhibition of cell proliferation and suppression of colony formation. Proliferation of human ovarian surface epithelial cells and other non-malignant cells were however minimally affected. MPL-induced inhibition was found to be independent of the acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) indicating that, its target in cancer cells is probably different from that in nematodes. Analysis of MPL treated cells by flow cytometry revealed G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Accordingly, MPL treated cells expressed reduced levels of cyclins D1 and A whereas cyclin E2 expression was enhanced. Consistent with a G1 phase arrest, cellular levels of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) 2 and 4 were lower, whereas expression of CDK inhibitor p27(kip) was increased. In cells expressing the wild-type p53, MPL treatment led to increased p53 expression. In line with these results, MPL suppressed cellular thymidine incorporation thus impairing DNA synthesis and inducing cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). Combined these pre-clinical findings reveal for the first time the anticancer potential of monepantel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Bahrami
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - Lucien Rufener
- Novartis Centre de Recherche Santé AnimaleCH-1566 St Aubin (FR), Switzerland
| | - Mohammad H Pourgholami
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia
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998
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Brown CW, Brodsky AS, Freiman RN. Notch3 overexpression promotes anoikis resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer via upregulation of COL4A2. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:78-85. [PMID: 25169943 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ovarian cancer is a lethal disease with the majority of diagnosed women having distant metastases. Interestingly, although Notch3 overexpression has been correlated with poor survival in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), little is known about its mechanism of action. Data show that Notch3 specifically promotes anoikis resistance. In addition, data indicate a positive role for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as well as downstream signaling kinases such as Akt and Erk 1/2 in promoting anchorage-independent growth. Mechanistically, both mRNA transcript and protein levels of type IV collagen (COL4A2) are reduced when Notch3 levels are decreased and exogenous collagen IV supplementation reverses the anoikis sensitivity. Reduction of COL4A2 expression by RNAI-mediated knockdown induces cell death. Finally, elevated Notch3 expression levels correlate with higher COL4A2 expression in human ovarian tumor specimens. IMPLICATIONS These data highlight type IV collagen as a novel therapeutic target for metastatic EOC. Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2014/11/25/1541-7786.MCR-14-0334/F1.large.jpg
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin W Brown
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alexander S Brodsky
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Richard N Freiman
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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999
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Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Bienkowski M, Pacholczyk M, Winiecka-Klimek M, Banaszczyk M, Zieba J, Bieniek G, Piaskowski S, Rieske P. Different mutational characteristics of TSG in cell lines and surgical specimens. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11311-8. [PMID: 25119593 PMCID: PMC4244698 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most crucial concerns of cancer research pertains to the differences between the neoplastic cells in tumor specimens in vivo and their counterparts in cell lines. The huge amount of results deposited in cancer genetic databases allows to address this issue from a wider perspective. Our analysis of the Sanger Institute Catalog Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC) database v61 showed a lower percentage of homozygous mutations in a group of tumor suppressor genes in surgical samples (in vivo) in comparison to their frequency in cell lines (in vitro). Similarly, the mutations resulting in the lack of protein (e.g., nonsense mutations or whole gene deletions) of several tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) were more frequently observed in vitro than in vivo. In this article, we suggest two potential explanations of these data. Firstly, TSG heterozygous mutations resulting in the modified protein (e.g., missense mutations) may be gradually (when the specific molecular context is achieved) changed to homozygous mutations resulting in the lack of protein during carcinogenesis. Secondly, among different independent pathways of tumorigenesis, those leading to homozygous nonsense mutations are characteristic for cells which are more efficiently stabilized in vitro. To conclude, these observations may be interesting for researchers working with cell line in vitro models illustrating the extent to which they reflect the tumors in vivo.
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1000
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Habis M, Wroblewski K, Bradaric M, Ismail N, Yamada SD, Litchfield L, Lengyel E, Romero IL. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in patients with non-serous-papillary epithelial ovarian cancer: a retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104521. [PMID: 25118694 PMCID: PMC4131884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether statin use is associated with improved epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) survival. METHODS This is a single-institution retrospective cohort review of patients treated for OvCa between 1992 and 2013. Inclusion criteria were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I-IV OvCa. The primary exposures analyzed were hyperlipidemia and statin use. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS 442 patients met inclusion criteria. The cohort was divided into three groups: patients with hyperlipidemia who used statins (n = 68), patients with hyperlipidemia who did not use statins (n = 28), and patients without hyperlipidemia (n = 346). OvCa outcomes were evaluated. When we analyzed the entire cohort, we found no significant differences in PFS or DSS among the groups. The median PFS for hyperlipidemics using statins, hyperlipidemics not using statins, and non-hyperlipidemics was 21.7, 13.6, and 14.7 months, respectively (p = 0.69). Median DSS for hyperlipidemics using statins, hyperlipidemics not using statins, and non-hyperlipidemics was 44.2, 75.7, and 41.5 months, respectively (p = 0.43). These findings did not change after controlling for confounders. However, a secondary analysis revealed that, among patients with non-serous-papillary subtypes of OvCa, statin use was associated with a decrease in hazards of both disease recurrence (adjusted HR = 0.23, p = 0.02) and disease-specific death (adjusted HR = 0.23, p = 0.04). To augment the findings in the retrospective cohort, the histology-specific effects of statins were also evaluated in vitro using proliferation assays. Here, statin treatment of cell lines resulted in a variable level of cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Statin use among patients with non-serous-papillary OvCa was associated with improvement in both PFS and DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Habis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Bradaric
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadia Ismail
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - S. Diane Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lacey Litchfield
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Iris L. Romero
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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