99951
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Mamba FB, Mbuli BS, Ramontja J. Recent Advances in Biopolymeric Membranes towards the Removal of Emerging Organic Pollutants from Water. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:798. [PMID: 34832027 PMCID: PMC8619572 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, this paper details a comprehensive review on the biopolymeric membrane applications in micropollutants' removal from wastewater. As such, the implications of utilising non-biodegradable membrane materials are outlined. In comparison, considerations on the concept of utilising nanostructured biodegradable polymeric membranes are also outlined. Such biodegradable polymers under considerations include biopolymers-derived cellulose and carrageenan. The advantages of these biopolymer materials include renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness when compared to non-biodegradable polymers. The modifications of the biopolymeric membranes were also deliberated in detail. This included the utilisation of cellulose as matrix support for nanomaterials. Furthermore, attention towards the recent advances on using nanofillers towards the stabilisation and enhancement of biopolymeric membrane performances towards organic contaminants removal. It was noted that most of the biopolymeric membrane applications focused on organic dyes (methyl blue, Congo red, azo dyes), crude oil, hexane, and pharmaceutical chemicals such as tetracycline. However, more studies should be dedicated towards emerging pollutants such as micropollutants. The biopolymeric membrane performances such as rejection capabilities, fouling resistance, and water permeability properties were also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feziwe B. Mamba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Bhekani S. Mbuli
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - James Ramontja
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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99952
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Tamaddon M, Blunn G, Xu W, Alemán Domínguez ME, Monzón M, Donaldson J, Skinner J, Arnett TR, Wang L, Liu C. Sheep condyle model evaluation of bone marrow cell concentrate combined with a scaffold for repair of large osteochondral defects. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:677-689. [PMID: 34665001 PMCID: PMC8559972 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.1010.bjr-2020-0504.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Minimally manipulated cells, such as autologous bone marrow concentrates (BMC), have been investigated in orthopaedics as both a primary therapeutic and augmentation to existing restoration procedures. However, the efficacy of BMC in combination with tissue engineering is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the addition of BMC to an osteochondral scaffold is safe and can improve the repair of large osteochondral defects when compared to the scaffold alone. Methods The ovine femoral condyle model was used. Bone marrow was aspirated, concentrated, and used intraoperatively with a collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffold to fill the osteochondral defects (n = 6). Tissue regeneration was then assessed versus the scaffold-only group (n = 6). Histological staining of cartilage with alcian blue and safranin-O, changes in chondrogenic gene expression, microCT, peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT), and force-plate gait analyses were performed. Lymph nodes and blood were analyzed for safety. Results The results six months postoperatively showed that there were no significant differences in bone regrowth and mineral density between BMC-treated animals and controls. A significant upregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) for types I and II collagens in the BMC group was observed, but there were no differences in the formation of hyaline-like cartilage between the groups. A trend towards reduced sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) breakdown was detected in the BMC group but this was not statistically significant. Functional weightbearing was not affected by the inclusion of BMC. Conclusion Our results indicated that the addition of BMC to scaffold is safe and has some potentially beneficial effects on osteochondral-tissue regeneration, but not on the functional endpoint of orthopaedic interest. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(10):677–689.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tamaddon
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mario Monzón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - James Donaldson
- Knee and Hip Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK
| | - John Skinner
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK.,Knee and Hip Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK
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99953
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19F MRI Imaging Strategies to Reduce Isoflurane Artifacts in In Vivo Images. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:71-81. [PMID: 34671928 PMCID: PMC8760223 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Isoflurane (ISO) is the most commonly used preclinical inhalation anesthetic. This is a problem in 19F MRI of fluorine contrast agents, as ISO signals cause artifacts that interfere with unambiguous image interpretation and quantification; the two most attractive properties of heteronuclear MRI. We aimed to avoid these artifacts using MRI strategies that can be applied by any pre-clinical researcher. Procedures Three strategies to avoid ISO chemical shift displacement artifacts (CSDA) in 19F MRI are described and demonstrated with measurements of 19F-containing agents in phantoms and in vivo (n = 3 for all strategies). The success of these strategies is compared to a standard Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enhancement (RARE) sequence, with phantom and in vivo validation. ISO artifacts can successfully be avoided by (1) shifting them outside the region of interest using a narrow signal acquisition bandwidth, (2) suppression of ISO by planning a frequency-selective suppression pulse before signal acquisition or by (3) preventing ISO excitation with a 3D sequence with a narrow excitation bandwidth. Results All three strategies result in complete ISO signal avoidance (p < 0.0001 for all methods). Using a narrow acquisition bandwidth can result in loss of signal to noise ratio and distortion of the image, and a frequency-selective suppression pulse can be incomplete when B1-inhomogeneities are present. Preventing ISO excitation with a narrow excitation pulse in a 3D sequence yields the most robust results (relative SNR 151 ± 28% compared to 2D multislice methods, p = 0.006). Conclusion We optimized three easily implementable methods to avoid ISO signal artifacts and validated their performance in phantoms and in vivo. We make recommendation on the parameters that pre-clinical studies should report in their method section to make the used approach insightful.
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99954
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Liu H, Deng S, Han L, Ren Y, Gu J, He L, Liu T, Yuan ZX. Mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes and exosome-mimics as smart drug carriers for targeted cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112163. [PMID: 34736220 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into several cell types under appropriate conditions. They also possess remarkable antitumor features that make them a novel choice to treat cancers. Accumulating evidence suggest that the MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, play an essential role in the therapeutic effects of MSCs mainly by carrying biologically active factors. However, limitations such as low yield of exosomes and difficulty in isolation and purification hinder their clinical applications. To overcome these issues, research on development of exosome-mimics has attracted great attention. This systematic review represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first thorough evaluations of the innate antineoplastic features of MSCs-derived exosomes or exosome-mimics, the methods of drug loading, application as drug delivery system and their impacts on targeted cancer therapy. Importantly, we dissect the commonalities and differences as well as address the shortcomings of work accumulated over the last two decades and discuss how this information can serve as a guide map for optimal experimental design implementation ultimately aiding the effective transition into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shichen Deng
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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99955
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Iqbal S, Luo B, Melamed JR, Day ES. Critical Evaluation of Different Lysosomal Labeling Methods Used to Analyze RNA Nanocarrier Trafficking in Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2245-2256. [PMID: 34543006 PMCID: PMC9014481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of nucleic acids to regulate gene expression is a rapidly developing field with immense clinical potential. Nanomaterials are frequently used to deliver nucleic acids into cells as they can overcome the poor cellular uptake and endo/lysosomal degradation of bare nucleic acids. For these nanocarriers to be effective, they must escape endo/lysosomal compartments to deliver their nucleic acid cargo into the cytosol (for ribonucleic acid (RNA)) or nucleus (for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)). This process is poorly understood and remains an area of active research toward the goal of developing effective delivery strategies. Fluorescent endo/lysosomal markers are among the most widely employed tools used to evaluate the endosomal escape of nucleic acid nanocarriers. However, the endo/lysosomal labeling method may alter the extent of and route of nanocarrier uptake by cells. The impact of these markers on cellular function and cell-nanocarrier interactions has not been probed in a systematic manner. To investigate this, we compared the effects of several common lysosomal labeling methods, namely, LysoTracker Red (LT Red), transient lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1-mutant green fluorescent protein (LAMP1-mGFP) transfection (Transient GFP), and stable lentiviral LAMP1-mGFP transfection (Stable GFP), on cellular metabolic activity, nanocarrier uptake, nanocarrier/lysosomal label colocalization, and gene silencing potency in U87 glioblastoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using polyethyleneimine (PEI)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) polyplexes as a model nanocarrier. In both U87s and MDA-MB-231s, Transient GFP and LT Red labeling reduced metabolic activity relative to untransfected (Parental) cells, while Stable GFP labeling increased metabolic activity. Congruently, flow cytometry indicates Stable GFP cells have greater polyplex uptake than LT Red-labeled cells in both cell lines. Despite these similar trends in uptake, polyplex intracellular trafficking differs in the two cell lines, as confocal imaging revealed greater polyplex/lysosome colocalization in Stable GFP U87 cells than LT Red-labeled U87 cells, while the trend was reversed in MBA-MB-231s. The level of RNA-mediated gene silencing achieved in Parental versus Stable GFP U87 and MDA-MB-231 cells agreed with the observed levels of polyplex/lysosome colocalization, supporting the established concept that endosomal escape is the rate-limiting step for RNA interference. These findings indicate that lysosomal labels can profoundly alter cellular function and cell-nanocarrier interactions, presenting critical new considerations for researchers investigating nanoparticle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Iqbal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Benjamin Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jilian R Melamed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Emily S Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, 4701 Ogletown Stanton Road, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
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99956
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Kavite Dezenfektanları ile Antibakteriyel İçerikli Adeziv Rezin Kombinasyonlarının Antibakteriyel Etkinliği. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.926911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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99957
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Chortos A. Extrusion
3D
printing of conjugated polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Chortos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
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99958
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Malmberg R, Suter D, Blacque O, Venkatesan K. Monocyclometalated (C N) Gold(III) Metallacycles: Tunable Emission and Singlet Oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) Generation Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:14410-14417. [PMID: 34406672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and photoluminescent properties of four cyclometalated (C N)-type gold(III) complexes bearing a bidentate diacetylide ligand, tolan-2,2'-diacetylide (tda), are reported. The complexes exhibit highly tunable excited state properties and show photoluminescence (PL) across the entire visible spectrum from sky-blue (λPL =493 nm) to red (λPL =675 nm) with absolute PL quantum yields (PLQY) of up to 75 % in solution, the highest PLQY found for any monocyclometalated Au(III) complex in solution. As a consequence of the use of the strongly rigidifying diacetylide bidentate ligand, a significant increase in the excited state lifetimes (τ0 =16-258 μs) was found in solution and in thin films. The complexes showed remarkable singlet oxygen generation in aerated solution with absolute singlet oxygen quantum yield (ϕ1Δ ) values reaching up to 7.5×10-5 and singlet oxygen lifetimes (τ0 1Δ ) in the range of 66-95 μs. Furthermore, the radiative and non-radiative rates of singlet oxygen were determined using the ϕ1Δ and τ0 1Δ values and correlations are drawn between the formation of singlet oxygen and its interaction with cyclometalated (C N) gold(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Malmberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, MQ Photonics Research Centre and MQ Sustainable Energy Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Dominik Suter
- Department of Molecular Sciences, MQ Photonics Research Centre and MQ Sustainable Energy Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Molecular Sciences, MQ Photonics Research Centre and MQ Sustainable Energy Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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99959
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Nagai H, Nishiyama K, Seino Y, Tabata Y, Yamashita T. Effect of Fascia Implantation and Controlled Release of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Muscle Atrophy in Rat Laryngeal Paralysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 167:319-326. [PMID: 34665680 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211052895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve lateral thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle atrophy after laryngeal paralysis, reconstruction of the vascular network of the atrophied muscle is necessary. We therefore evaluated whether the controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) with autologous fascia implantation could affect vascular reconstruction in the lateral TA muscle. STUDY DESIGN Animal experiment. SETTING Laboratory. METHODS Unilateral laryngeal paralysis was induced in 20 rats. The rats were implanted with autologous fascia and a gelatin hydrogel sheet with or without 1 µg of bFGF (fascia and bFGF + fascia groups; n = 5 each) and with only a gelatin hydrogel sheet with bFGF (bFGF group: n = 5). Another group remained untreated (n = 5) at 4 months after paralysis. At 3 months since transplantation, intra- and intergroup comparisons of the muscle volumes and total area of blood vessels in the lateral TA muscle were performed. RESULTS When compared with the untreated group, the bFGF + fascia group showed a significant increase in muscle volume (P =.0008) and vascular area (P =.0002) in the lateral TA muscle, whereas the other 2 treated groups demonstrated an insufficient effect. CONCLUSION bFGF + fascia implantation showed histologic improvement in severe laryngeal paralysis. We demonstrated that the decrease in lateral TA muscle mass after paralysis might be countered by the reconstruction of the vascular network. Our findings indicate that hypovascular and denervated areas of the laryngeal muscle can be regenerated by the implantation of growth factors and scaffolds with surgical stress. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nagai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamato Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yutomo Seino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering Lab of Biomaterials, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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99960
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Guo C, Nie Q, Xu S, Wang L. 19F-Grafted Fluorescent Carbonized Polymer Dots for Dual-Mode Imaging. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13880-13885. [PMID: 34628854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dual-modal imaging systems could provide complementary information by taking advantage of each imaging modality. Herein, a fluorescence and 19F magnetic resonance imaging nanoprobe was developed through preparation of 19F-grafted fluorescent carbonized polymer dots (FCPDs). Both fluorescence and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance intensities of these FCPDs can be modulated by controlling the carbonization processes. The strong yellow fluorescence renders these FCPDs capable of cell fluorescence imaging. The in vitro and in vivo assessments demonstrated that the as-prepared FCPDs were suitable for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI), which would provide great potential for biological imaging and early diagnosis applications. Moreover, this fabrication strategy offers a new protocol for 19F MRI nanoprobe design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiangqiang Nie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Suying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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99961
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Rens EG, Edelstein-Keshet L. Cellular Tango: how extracellular matrix adhesion choreographs Rac-Rho signaling and cell movement. Phys Biol 2021; 18. [PMID: 34544056 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPases Rac and Rho are known to regulate eukaryotic cell shape, promoting front protrusion (Rac) or rear retraction (Rho) of the cell edge. Such cell deformation changes the contact and adhesion of cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM), while ECM signaling through integrin receptors also affects GTPase activity. We develop and investigate a model for this three-way feedback loop in 1D and 2D spatial domains, as well as in a fully deforming 2D cell shapes with detailed adhesion-bond biophysics. The model consists of reaction-diffusion equations solved numerically with open-source software, Morpheus, and with custom-built cellular Potts model simulations. We find a variety of patterns and cell behaviors, including persistent polarity, flipped front-back cell polarity oscillations, spiral waves, and random protrusion-retraction. We show that the observed spatial patterns depend on the cell shape, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G Rens
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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99962
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Shukla RK, Badiye A, Vajpayee K, Kapoor N. Genotoxic Potential of Nanoparticles: Structural and Functional Modifications in DNA. Front Genet 2021; 12:728250. [PMID: 34659351 PMCID: PMC8511513 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.728250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of nanotechnology enhances the production of different nanoparticles that meet the demand of various fields like biomedical sciences, industrial, material sciences and biotechnology, etc. This technological development increases the chances of nanoparticles exposure to human beings, which can threaten their health. It is well known that various cellular processes (transcription, translation, and replication during cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell differentiation) in which genetic materials (DNA and RNA) are involved play a vital role to maintain any structural and functional modification into it. When nanoparticles come into the vicinity of the cellular system, chances of uptake become high due to their small size. This cellular uptake of nanoparticles enhances its interaction with DNA, leading to structural and functional modification (DNA damage/repair, DNA methylation) into the DNA. These modifications exhibit adverse effects on the cellular system, consequently showing its inadvertent effect on human health. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to elucidate the genotoxic mechanism of nanoparticles in the context of structural and functional modifications of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K Shukla
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashish Badiye
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
| | - Kamayani Vajpayee
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Neeti Kapoor
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
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99963
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Optimization and Development of Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (MPT0B291)-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101728. [PMID: 34684020 PMCID: PMC8541575 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as a new class of antitumor agent for various types of tumors. MPT0B291, a novel selective inhibitor of HDAC6, demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity in various human cancer cell types. However, MPT0B291 has very low water solubility, which limits its clinical use for cancer therapy. In the current study, MPT0B291 was encapsulated in human serum albumin (HSA), and its anticancer activities were investigated. Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using two-stage emulsification resulting in 100~200-nm NPs with a fine size distribution (polydispersity index of <0.3). The in vitro drug release profiles of MPT0B291-loaded HSA NPs presented sustained-release properties. The cytotoxic effect on MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic carcinoma cells was found to be similar to MPT0B291-loaded HSA NPs and the free-drug group. The albumin-based formulation provided a higher maximum tolerated dose than that of a drug solution with reduced toxicity toward normal cells. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated an effective increase (5~8-fold) in the bioavailability of NPs containing MPT0B291 loaded in HSA compared to the free-drug solution with an extended circulation time (t1/2) leading to significantly enhanced efficacy of anticancer treatment.
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99964
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Single-nanometer iron oxide nanoparticles as tissue-permeable MRI contrast agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102340118. [PMID: 34654743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102340118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are robust contrast agents for MRI and often produce particularly strong signal changes per particle. Leveraging these effects to probe cellular- and molecular-level phenomena in tissue can, however, be hindered by the large sizes of typical nanoparticle contrast agents. To address this limitation, we introduce single-nanometer iron oxide (SNIO) particles that exhibit superparamagnetic properties in conjunction with hydrodynamic diameters comparable to small, highly diffusible imaging agents. These particles efficiently brighten the signal in T 1-weighted MRI, producing per-molecule longitudinal relaxation enhancements over 10 times greater than conventional gadolinium-based contrast agents. We show that SNIOs permeate biological tissue effectively following injection into brain parenchyma or cerebrospinal fluid. We also demonstrate that SNIOs readily enter the brain following ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier disruption, emulating the performance of a gadolinium agent and providing a basis for future biomedical applications. These results thus demonstrate a platform for MRI probe development that combines advantages of small-molecule imaging agents with the potency of nanoscale materials.
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99965
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Cendra C, Balhorn L, Zhang W, O’Hara K, Bruening K, Tassone CJ, Steinrück HG, Liang M, Toney MF, McCulloch I, Chabinyc ML, Salleo A, Takacs CJ. Unraveling the Unconventional Order of a High-Mobility Indacenodithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Copolymer. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1306-1314. [PMID: 35549036 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers found to produce high charge carrier mobilities competitive with amorphous silicon (>1 cm2 V-1 s-1) exhibit the puzzling microstructure of substantial local order, however lacking long-range order and crystallinity previously deemed necessary for achieving high mobility. Here, we demonstrate the application of low-dose transmission electron microscopy to image and quantify the nanoscale and mesoscale organization of an archetypal D-A copolymer across areas comparable to electronic devices (≈9 μm2). The local structure is spatially resolved by mapping the backbone (001) spacing reflection, revealing nanocrystallites of aligned polymer chains throughout nearly the entire film. Analysis of the nanoscale structure of its ordered domains suggests significant short- and medium-range order and preferential grain boundary orientations. Moreover, we provide insights into the rich, interconnected mesoscale organization of this new family of D-A copolymers by analysis of the local orientational spatial autocorrelations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cendra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Luke Balhorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathryn O’Hara
- Materials Department, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Karsten Bruening
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher J. Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hans-Georg Steinrück
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mengning Liang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering Division KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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99966
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Singh G, Chanda A. Mechanical properties of whole-body soft human tissues: a review. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34587593 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac2b7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of soft tissues play a key role in studying human injuries and their mitigation strategies. While such properties are indispensable for computational modelling of biological systems, they serve as important references in loading and failure experiments, and also for the development of tissue simulants. To date, experimental studies have measured the mechanical properties of peripheral tissues (e.g. skin)in-vivoand limited internal tissuesex-vivoin cadavers (e.g. brain and the heart). The lack of knowledge on a majority of human tissues inhibit their study for applications ranging from surgical planning, ballistic testing, implantable medical device development, and the assessment of traumatic injuries. The purpose of this work is to overcome such challenges through an extensive review of the literature reporting the mechanical properties of whole-body soft tissues from head to toe. Specifically, the available linear mechanical properties of all human tissues were compiled. Non-linear biomechanical models were also introduced, and the soft human tissues characterized using such models were summarized. The literature gaps identified from this work will help future biomechanical studies on soft human tissue characterization and the development of accurate medical models for the study and mitigation of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Chanda
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
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99967
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Gudhka RB, Vats M, Bilodeau CL, McCallum SA, McCoy MA, Roush DJ, Snyder MA, Cramer SM. Probing IgG1 F C-Multimodal Nanoparticle Interactions: A Combined Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12188-12203. [PMID: 34633195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, NMR and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study IgG1 FC binding to multimodal surfaces. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with two multimodal cation-exchange ligands (Capto and Nuvia) were synthesized and employed to carry out solution-phase NMR experiments with the FC. Experiments with perdeuterated 15N-labeled FC and the multimodal surfaces revealed micromolar residue-level binding affinities as compared to millimolar binding affinities with these ligands in free solution, likely due to cooperativity and avidity effects. The binding of FC with the Capto ligand nanoparticles was concentrated near an aliphatic cluster in the CH2/CH3 interface, which corresponded to a focused hydrophobic region. In contrast, binding with the Nuvia ligand nanoparticles was more diffuse and corresponded to a large contiguous positive electrostatic potential region on the side face of the FC. Results with lower-ligand-density nanoparticles indicated a decrease in binding affinity for both systems. For the Capto ligand system, several aliphatic residues on the FC that were important for binding to the higher-density surface did not interact with the lower-density nanoparticles. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the interacting residues on the FC to the high- and low-ligand density Nuvia surfaces. The binding affinities of FC to both multimodal-functionalized nanoparticles decreased in the presence of salt due to the screening of multiple weak interactions of polar and positively charged residues. For the Capto ligand nanoparticle system, this resulted in an even more focused hydrophobic binding region in the interface of the CH2 and CH3 domains. Interestingly, for the Nuvia ligand nanoparticles, the presence of salt resulted in a large transition from a diffuse binding region to the same focused binding region determined for Capto nanoparticles at 150 mM salt. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborated the NMR results and provided important insights into the molecular basis of FC binding to these different multimodal systems containing clustered (observed at high-ligand densities) and nonclustered ligand surfaces. This combined biophysical and simulation approach provided significant insights into the interactions of FC with multimodal surfaces and sets the stage for future analyses with even more complex biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark A McCoy
- Mass Spectrometry & Biophysics, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David J Roush
- Biologics Process R&D, Downstream Purification Development and Engineering, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mark A Snyder
- Process Chemistry Division, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California 94547, United States
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99968
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Opara A, Jost A, Dagogo-Jack S, Opara EC. Islet cell encapsulation - Application in diabetes treatment. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2570-2578. [PMID: 34666516 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview, we briefly outline the hallmarks of diabetes, the distinction between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the global incidence of diabetes, and its associated comorbidities. The main goal of the review is to highlight the great potential of encapsulated pancreatic islet transplantation to provide a cure for type 1 diabetes. Following a short overview of the different approaches to islet encapsulation, we provide a summary of the merits and demerits of each approach of the encapsulation technology. We then discuss various attempts to clinical translation with each model of encapsulation as well as the factors that have mitigated the full clinical realization of the promise of the encapsulation technology, the progress that has been made and the challenges that remain to be overcome. In particular, we pay significant attention to the emerging strategies to overcome these challenges. We believe that these strategies to enhance the performance of the encapsulated islet constructs discussed herein provide good platforms for additional work to achieve successful clinical translation of the encapsulated islet technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amoge Opara
- Diabetes Section, Biologics Delivery Technologies, Reno, NV 89502, USA
| | - Alec Jost
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sam Dagogo-Jack
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Emmanuel C Opara
- Diabetes Section, Biologics Delivery Technologies, Reno, NV 89502, USA.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (SBES), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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99969
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Yan X, Yu Y, Wang S, Xu H, He Q, Wen J, Xu J, Li K, Huang Z, Xu P. Preparation and characterization of conductive nerve guide conduit filled with dual drug-loaded nanofibers. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211053917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has become one of the common clinical diseases. How to promote the regeneration and function recovery of the damaged peripheral nerve has been the focus of attention in the medical field. Evidence suggests that the longitudinal filling of oriented fibers in nerve guide conduit (NGC) is especially beneficial to the repair of long gap PNI. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) nanospheres (PNSs) were prepared by the soft-templating method, and mixed with poly (lactic acid) (PLA) to prepare conductive PNSs/PLA NGC, and the optimal ratio of PNSs was 4.5%. PLA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as shell, chitosan (CS) and paeoniflorin (PF) as core, oriented coaxial nanofibers were obtained and then filled into PNSs/PLA NGC. The composite NGC has excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, hydrophilic properties, and degradation properties. Besides, the successive release of VEGF and PF can play a synergistic role in promoting nerve regeneration. In vitro experiments showed that the composite NGC was nontoxic and suitable for the adhesion and proliferation of nerve cells. In addition, PNSs combined with electrical stimulation (ES) can significantly promote the differentiation and proliferation of nerve cells, which is conducive to nerve regeneration. These positive results indicate that the composite NGC is a promising candidate in the repair of long gap PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qundi He
- Wuhan Mafangshan Middle School, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kebi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peihu Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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99970
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Yan X, Pan Y, Ji L, Gu J, Hu Y, Xia Y, Li C, Zhou X, Yang D, Yu Y. Multifunctional Metal-Organic Framework as a Versatile Nanoplatform for Aβ Oligomer Imaging and Chemo-Photothermal Treatment in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13823-13834. [PMID: 34609144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of the close association of β-amyloid oligomers (AβO) with the clinical development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms, it is urgent to design a promising sensing and therapeutic strategy that can target AβO for preventing or delaying the onset of AD. Herein, a core-shell nanocomposite CeONP-Res-PCM@ZIF-8/polydopamine (PDA) was synthesized through an in situ encapsulated strategy, in which resveratrol (Res), ceria nanoparticles (CeONPs), and PCM (tetradecanol) were embedded into the ZIF-8/PDA matrix via a water-based mild approach. Using the AβO aptamer, the ability of CeONP-Res-PCM@ZIF-8/PDA/Apt as the fluorescent sensing platform for AβO detection and intracellular imaging was demonstrated. The nanocomposite was high in Res loading (27.5%) and could be activated to release the encapsulated Res upon illumination with NIR through PCM regulation. Moreover, due to the synergetic interactions of PDA, CeONPs, and Res in one system, CeONP-Res-PCM@ZIF-8/PDA/Apt nanocomposites exhibited multifunctional effects on inhibiting Aβ aggregation, degrading Aβ fibrils, and alleviating Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neural apoptosis. These therapeutic effects could be enhanced under NIR irradiation by virtue of the excellent photothermal property of PDA. As far as we know, there is no report of using ZIF-8-based materials for simultaneous sensing and therapeutic applications. This work boosted the development of multifunctional nanoagents for biomedical research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yixin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinguang Zhou
- Shenzhen NTEK Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221004, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221004, Xuzhou, China
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99971
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Abbas M, Sharif S, Baig IS, Anjum R, Riaz M, Rafique MK, Rahman A, Nazish N, Al-Mijalli SH, Iqbal M. Biochemical Stress Markers, Antioxidants, and Infectious Wound-Healing Potential of UV Irradiation and Salt Stress Effects on the Pre-Treated Seed of Bitter Melon ( Momordica charantia L.). Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211044062. [PMID: 34658685 PMCID: PMC8512281 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211044062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The secondary metabolites in plants are the basis of defense and stress
balance, which is an important aspect in plant growth. The UV-B treatment (a
biotic stress) and salt stress on bitter melon (Momordica
charantia L.) were studied, and the impact of pre-sowing seed
treatment was evaluated on the basis of biochemical and enzymatic
biomarkers, antioxidants, and wound-healing potential during early growth
stages. Methods The UV-B treatment for 5 and 10 min and salt stress 250 mM and 500 mM
treatments were applied, and 21-day seedling tissue were collected for total
phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant,
chlorophyll contents, hydrogen peroxide, total soluble sugar, enzymes
activities, and wound-healing potential studies. Results The TPC, TFC, diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), chlorophyll contents, and total
soluble sugar were recorded higher at 5 min treatment with UV-B and salt
stress at 250 mM concentration. Antioxidant enzymes activities were recorded
higher for 10 min UV-B treatment and 500 mM salt treatment. Wound-healing
potential was found significant at 5 min treatment with UV-B radiation,
which was studied in vivo in rabbits. The LC-MS analysis
revealed a variety of phenolic compounds in the seedlings. Conclusion The study concluded that treatments significantly affect the biological
activities of bitter melon seeds at the seedling stage, and the seeds
contain important phenolic compounds responsible for its antioxidant
potential and enzymatic activities. Future studies could be focused on the
later stages of growth, development, and yield characteristics subjected to
salt stress along with UV-B radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sharif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Salam Baig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Anjum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Rafique
- Department of Pathobiology (Section Pathology), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Nazish
- Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Samiah H Al-Mijalli
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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99972
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Adhesion Behavior of Escherichia coli Strains on Glass: Role of Cell Surface Qualitative and Quantitative Hydrophobicity in Their Attachment Ability. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5580274. [PMID: 34659418 PMCID: PMC8516577 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5580274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial adhesion to surfaces is thought to involve physicochemical interactions between the substrate and microbial cells. Understanding the physicochemical aspects involved in the adhesion phenomenon, as a critical step in biofilm formation, is essential to finding ways to prevent their formation and control biocontamination risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the adhesion behavior of 12 Escherichia coli strains isolated from food and their surface hydrophobicities using qualitative (θ w ) and quantitative (ΔG iwi ) approaches. The surface physicochemical properties of both bacterial cells and glass material were estimated through contact angle measurements. The adhesive behavior of E. coli strains on a glass surface was assessed. The results showed a good logarithmic relation between the percentage of the adhered cells and their surface hydrophobicity with the quantitative approach ΔG iwi ; however, qualitative hydrophobicity (θ w ) appeared to demonstrate no effect regarding adhesion behavior. This work lays the foundation for future studies and opens an important debate on the mechanisms underlying the adhesion behavior of E. coli strains by using the thermodynamic approach (ΔG iwi ) as an important model of hydrophobicity that could explain and predict better bacterial adhesion ability.
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99973
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Koyyada A, Orsu P. Bio nanocomposites of graphene oxide with carboxymethyl guargum: fabrication and characterization and application for type 1 diabetes. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34607317 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac2c8e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Islet cells transplantation has limitations like low survivability, which can be overcome by using extracellular matrix mimicking three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, which supports the growth and proliferation of seeded cells. This study was aimed to investigate the role of novel 3D carboxymethyl guargum (CMGG) nanocomposite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for proliferation of pancreatic islet cells (RIN-5F) and rate of insulin secretion of RIN-5F cells. Scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared results have demonstrated good porosity and the chemical interactions between CMGG and rGO. Mechanical testing and thermogravimetric analysis of nanofibers have shown good tensile strength and thermal stability with rGO in the nanocomposite. These scaffolds demonstratedin vitrobiocompatibility with acceptable ranges of biodegradability and hemocompatibility. Thein vitrocell proliferation and viability of RIN-5F cells on 3D CMGG nanofibers have significantly increased compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell control. Moreover, the glucose dependent insulin secretion of RIN-5F cells on CMGG nanocomposite has significantly increased upto 4-5 folds than cells on 2D cell control. The biomaterials used in this 3D nanofiber scaffold have shown to be biodegradable and hemocompatible and can be a promising platform for the proliferation and secretion of insulin from beta cells and can be effectively used in transplantation type-1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Koyyada
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Prabhakar Orsu
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
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99974
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Chen Q, Liang L, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Release of an Encapsulated Peptide from Carbon Nanotubes Driven by Electric Fields: A Molecular Dynamics Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27485-27490. [PMID: 34693169 PMCID: PMC8529693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery into cells has been of tremendous scientific interest, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be deemed as a promising material for the loading and unloading of drugs. One of the major challenges is the release of drugs from CNTs, which have a great potential well to trap molecules. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, this work attempts to study the releasing process of encapsulated protein/peptide molecules from CNTs in the presence of uniform electric fields. Zadaxin serves as a model for protein/peptide drugs. External electric fields can assist the peptide in overcoming the potential well during its release. It is found that successful release of the peptide depends on the pore width, the pore length, and the net charges on the peptide. The peptide is less likely to be released either from CNTs with a smaller pore diameter due to a deeper potential well of the tubes or from CNTs with a longer pore length due to a broader and deeper potential well. Peptides with more net charges are ideal for the releasing process driven by electric fields. This work can provide insights into the design of an optimal tube size for effective release of a given protein/peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- School
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Liang
- College
of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Research
Institute for Soft Matter and Biomimetics, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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99975
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Kincses D, Böddi K, Őri Z, Lovász BV, Jeges S, Szalma J, Kunsági-Máté S, Lempel E. Pre-Heating Effect on Monomer Elution and Degree of Conversion of Contemporary and Thermoviscous Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Dental Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203599. [PMID: 34685358 PMCID: PMC8538921 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of unreacted monomers from pre-heated resin-based dental composites (RBC) is not a well-investigated topic so far. The objectives were to determine the temperature changes during the application and polymerization, the degree of conversion (DC) and unreacted monomer elution of room temperature (RT), and pre-heated thermoviscous [VisCalor Bulk(VCB)] and high-viscosity full-body contemporary [Filtek One Bulk(FOB)] bulk-fill RBCs. The RBCs' temperatures during the sample preparation were recorded with a K-type thermocouple. The DC at the top and bottom was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy and the amounts of eluted BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA, and TEGDMA were assessed with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The temperatures of the pre-heated RBCs decreased rapidly during the manipulation phase. The temperature rise during photopolymerization reflects the bottom DCs. The differences in DC% between the top and the bottom were significant. RT VCB had a lower DC% compared to FOB. Pre-heating did not influence the DC, except on the bottom surface of FOB where a significant decrease was measured. Pre-heating significantly decreased the elution of BisGMA, UDMA, DDMA in the case of FOB, meanwhile, it had no effect on monomer release from VCB, except TEGDMA, which elution was decreased. In comparison, RBC composition had a stronger influence on DC and monomer elution, than pre-cure temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kincses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Katalin Böddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (B.V.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sára Jeges
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (B.V.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Dischka Gy. Street 5, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-535-926
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99976
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Han X, Chang S, Zhang M, Bian X, Li C, Li D. Advances of Hydrogel-Based Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:746564. [PMID: 34660559 PMCID: PMC8511323 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.746564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting has gained immense attention and achieved the revolutionized progress for application in the multifunctional tissue regeneration. On account of the precise structural fabrication and mimicking complexity, hydrogel-based bio-inks are widely adopted for cartilage tissue engineering. Although more and more researchers have reported a number of literatures in this field, many challenges that should be addressed for the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting constructs still exist. Herein, this review is mainly focused on the introduction of various natural polymers and synthetic polymers in hydrogel-based bioprinted scaffolds, which are systematically discussed via emphasizing on the fabrication condition, mechanical property, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biological performance for cartilage tissue repair. Further, this review describes the opportunities and challenges of this 3D bioprinting technique to construct complex bio-inks with adjustable mechanical and biological integrity, and meanwhile, the current possible solutions are also conducted for providing some suggestive ideas on developing more advanced bioprinting products from the bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiangbing Bian
- The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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99977
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Zheng Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xie L, Ge J, Yu G, Zhao G. N6-Methyladenosine Modification of PTTG3P Contributes to Colorectal Cancer Proliferation via YAP1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669731. [PMID: 34660259 PMCID: PMC8515845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged to have irreplaceable roles in the epigenetic regulation of cancer progression, but their biological functions in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Methods LncRNA expression profiles in CRC tissue and their normal counterpart were explored. Through gain and loss of function approaches, the role of lncRNA PTTG3P was validated in relevant CRC cells and subcutaneous tumor model. The correlations of PTTG3P expression with clinical outcomes were assessed. Results PTTG3P was upregulated in CRC tissues and was closely correlated with unsatisfactory prognosis. PTTG3P facilitated glycolysis and proliferation, and the transcriptional regulator YAP1 was necessary for PTTG3P-induced proliferation. Mechanistically, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) subunit METTL3 increased PTTG3P expression by influencing its stability, while insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) could identify PTTG3P m6A methylation status and bind to it. IGF2BP2 knockdown partly recovered PTTG3P expression induced by METTL3, indicating that METTL3-regulated PTTG3P expression depended on the presence of IGF2BP2. Finally, rescue assays validated the critical role of the METTL3/PTTG3P/YAP1 axis on CRC proliferation. Conclusions PTTG3P is an independent prognostic biomarker for CRC. The METTL3/PTTG3P/YAP1 axis promotes the progression of CRC and is a promising treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Department of Physics and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jinnian Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Liaoning, China
| | - Guilin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
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99978
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Nqakala ZB, Sibuyi NRS, Fadaka AO, Meyer M, Onani MO, Madiehe AM. Advances in Nanotechnology towards Development of Silver Nanoparticle-Based Wound-Healing Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011272. [PMID: 34681930 PMCID: PMC8539597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since antiquity, silver-based therapies have been used in wound healing, wound care and management of infections to provide adequate healing. These therapies are associated with certain limitations, such as toxicity, skin discolouration and bacterial resistance, which have limited their use. As a result, new and innovative wound therapies, or strategies to improve the existing therapies, are sought after. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown the potential to circumvent the limitations associated with conventional silver-based therapies as described above. AgNPs are effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms and are less toxic, effective at lower concentrations and produce no skin discolouration. Furthermore, AgNPs can be decorated or coupled with other healing-promoting materials to provide optimum healing. This review details the history and impact of silver-based therapies leading up to AgNPs and AgNP-based nanoformulations in wound healing. It also highlights the properties of AgNPs that aid in wound healing and that make them superior to conventional silver-based wound treatment therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimkhitha B. Nqakala
- Organometallics and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Nicole R. S. Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC)-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (A.O.F.)
| | - Adewale O. Fadaka
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC)-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (A.O.F.)
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC)-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (A.O.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.O.O.); (A.M.M.); Tel.: +27-219592032 (M.M.); +27-219593050 (M.O.O.); +27-219592468 (A.M.M.)
| | - Martin O. Onani
- Organometallics and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.O.O.); (A.M.M.); Tel.: +27-219592032 (M.M.); +27-219593050 (M.O.O.); +27-219592468 (A.M.M.)
| | - Abram M. Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC)-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (A.O.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.O.O.); (A.M.M.); Tel.: +27-219592032 (M.M.); +27-219593050 (M.O.O.); +27-219592468 (A.M.M.)
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99979
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Buhrmann C, Kunnumakkara AB, Kumar A, Samec M, Kubatka P, Aggarwal BB, Shakibaei M. Multitargeting Effects of Calebin A on Malignancy of CRC Cells in Multicellular Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:650603. [PMID: 34660256 PMCID: PMC8511772 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.650603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor microenvironment (TME) provides the essential prerequisite niche for promoting cancer progression and metastasis. Calebin A, a component of Curcuma longa, has long been investigated as a safe multitargeted agent with antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the multicellular-TME-induced malignancy and the antitumorigenic potential of Calebin A on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in 3D-alginate cultures are not yet understood, and more in-depth research is needed. Methods 3D-alginate tumor cultures (HCT116 cells) in the multicellular proinflammatory TME (fibroblast cells/T lymphocytes), tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β)-TME (fibroblast cells/TNF-β) were treated with/without Calebin A to address the pleiotropic actions of Calebin A in the CRC. Results We found that Calebin A downmodulated proliferation, vitality, and migration of HCT116 cells in 3D-alginate cultures in multicellular proinflammatory TME or TNF-β-TME. In addition, Calebin A suppressed TNF-β-, similar to multicellular-TME-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in a concentration-dependent manner. NF-κB-promoting proinflammatory mediators, associated with tumor growth and antiapoptotic molecules (i.e.,MMP-9, CXCR4, Ki-67, β1-integrin, and Caspase-3) and its translocation to the nucleus in HCT116 cells, were increased in both TME cultures. The multicellular-TME cultures further induced the survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs) (upregulation of CD133, CD44, and ALDH1). Last but not the least, Calebin A suppressed multicellular-, similar to TNF-β-TME-induced rigorous upregulation of NF-κB phosphorylation, various NF-κB-regulated gene products, CSCs activation, and survival in 3D-alginate tumor cultures. Conclusions The downmodulation of multicellular proinflammatory-, similar to TNF-β-TME-induced CRC proliferation, survival, and migration by the multitargeting agent Calebin A could be a new therapeutic strategy to suppress inflammation and CRC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Buhrmann
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & Department of Biotechnology-National institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (DBT-AIST) International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & Department of Biotechnology-National institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (DBT-AIST) International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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99980
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Xiao L, Shiwaku Y, Hamai R, Tsuchiya K, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Macrophage Polarization Related to Crystal Phases of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011252. [PMID: 34681912 PMCID: PMC8538944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials influence macrophage polarization during bone healing. However, the effect of the crystal phase of CaP materials on the immune response of bone remains unclear. In this study, the effect of the crystal phases of CaP materials on the regulation of macrophage polarization was investigated. Human THP-1 cells and mouse RAW 264 cells were cultured with octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and its hydrolyzed form Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage-related genes. OCP inhibited the excessive inflammatory response and switched macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which promoted the expression of the interleukin 10 (IL10) gene. In contrast, HL stimulated an excessive inflammatory response by promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage-related genes. To observe changes in the microenvironment induced by OCP and HL, inorganic phosphate (Pi) and calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations and pH value in the medium were measured. The expression of the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage-related genes (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interlukin 1beta (IL1β)) was closely related to the increase in ion concentration caused by the increase in the CaP dose. Together, these results suggest that the microenvironment caused by the crystal phase of CaP materials may be involved in the immune-regulation capacity of CaP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Xiao
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kaori Tsuchiya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence:
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99981
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Canton M, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Spera I, Venegas FC, Favia M, Viola A, Castegna A. Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages: Sources and Targets. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734229. [PMID: 34659222 PMCID: PMC8515906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are fundamental for macrophages to eliminate invasive microorganisms. However, as observed in nonphagocytic cells, ROS play essential roles in processes that are different from pathogen killing, as signal transduction, differentiation, and gene expression. The different outcomes of these events are likely to depend on the specific subcellular site of ROS formation, as well as the duration and extent of ROS production. While excessive accumulation of ROS has long been appreciated for its detrimental effects, there is now a deeper understanding of their roles as signaling molecules. This could explain the failure of the “all or none” pharmacologic approach with global antioxidants to treat several diseases. NADPH oxidase is the first source of ROS that has been identified in macrophages. However, growing evidence highlights mitochondria as a crucial site of ROS formation in these cells, mainly due to electron leakage of the respiratory chain or to enzymes, such as monoamine oxidases. Their role in redox signaling, together with their exact site of formation is only partially elucidated. Hence, it is essential to identify the specific intracellular sources of ROS and how they influence cellular processes in both physiological and pathological conditions to develop therapies targeting oxidative signaling networks. In this review, we will focus on the different sites of ROS formation in macrophages and how they impact on metabolic processes and inflammatory signaling, highlighting the role of mitochondrial as compared to non-mitochondrial ROS sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Canton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza - IRP, Padova, Italy
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza - IRP, Padova, Italy
| | - Iolanda Spera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francisca C Venegas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza - IRP, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza - IRP, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza - IRP, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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99982
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Abdel‐Monem RA, Rabie ST, El‐Liethy MA, Hemdan BA, El‐Nazer HA, Gaballah ST. Chitosan‐
PVC
conjugates/metal nanoparticles for biomedical applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira T. Rabie
- Photochemistry Department National Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed Azab El‐Liethy
- Environmental Microbiology Lab., Water Pollution Research Department National Research Centre Dokki, Giza Egypt
| | - Bahaa A. Hemdan
- Environmental Microbiology Lab., Water Pollution Research Department National Research Centre Dokki, Giza Egypt
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99983
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Abstract
A pearl's distinguished beauty and toughness are attributable to the periodic stacking of aragonite tablets known as nacre. Nacre has naturally occurring mesoscale periodicity that remarkably arises in the absence of discrete translational symmetry. Gleaning the inspiring biomineral design of a pearl requires quantifying its structural coherence and understanding the stochastic processes that influence formation. By characterizing the entire structure of pearls (∼3 mm) in a cross-section at high resolution, we show that nacre has medium-range mesoscale periodicity. Self-correcting growth mechanisms actively remedy disorder and topological defects of the tablets and act as a countervailing process to long-range disorder. Nacre has a correlation length of roughly 16 tablets (∼5.5 µm) despite persistent fluctuations and topological defects. For longer distances (>25 tablets , ∼8.5 µm), the frequency spectrum of nacre tablets follows [Formula: see text] behavior, suggesting that growth is coupled to external stochastic processes-a universality found across disparate natural phenomena, which now includes pearls.
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99984
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Aquaporin 9 Represents a Novel Target of Chronic Liver Injury That May Antagonize Its Progression by Reducing Lipotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5653700. [PMID: 34659635 PMCID: PMC8517626 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5653700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, chronic liver injury has become a common disease that harms human health. Its clinical manifestations are hepatic steatosis and secondary chronic steatohepatitis, which can quickly transform into liver fibrosis and cirrhosis if not treated in time. Therefore, this study is aimed at searching for new therapeutic targets of chronic liver injury and clarifying the molecular mechanisms of the new targets involved in chronic liver injury. After aquaporin 9 was identified as a target by proteomics, Aqp9-/- mice were constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Biochemical and morphological tests were used to verify the effect of Aqp9 knockout on early chronic liver injury. Proteomics, molecular biology, and morphology experiments were used to screen and verify the effects of Aqp9 knockout on its downstream pathway. Through the above experiments, we demonstrated that aquaporin 9 could be used as an intervention target for antagonizing the development of early chronic liver injury and its gene knockout affected downstream inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis by alleviating hepatic lipotoxicity.
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99985
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Liu W, Feng Q, Liao W, Li E, Wu L. TUG1 promotes the expression of IFITM3 in hepatocellular carcinoma by competitively binding to miR-29a. J Cancer 2021; 12:6905-6920. [PMID: 34659578 PMCID: PMC8517998 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Numerous studies have demonstrated the important relationship of TUG1 with tumorigenesis. The present study investigated the role of TUG1 and its downstream genes miR-29a and IFITM3 in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that both TUG1 and IFITM3 genes are highly expressed in HCC, whereas the expression of miR-29a is low in HCC. Downregulation of TUG1 reduces cell invasion, metastasis, and cell proliferation ability and promotes cell apoptosis. Simultaneous downregulation of miR-29a reverses this effect. Moreover, IFITM3, as the target gene of miR-29a, is positively regulated by TUG1. However, the adjustment relationship between these three components is still unknown and thus warrants further investigation. The objective of this study was to investigate the regulatory relationship between TUG1, miR-29a, and IFITM3 in human liver cancer. Patients and methods: The expression of TUG1 and miR-29a in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues of 65 patients with HCC was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The migration and invasion of liver cancer cells were studied by the wound healing assay and the Transwell method, respectively. The apoptosis rate of HCC cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the proliferation rate of hepatoma cells was detected by the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) method. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of TUG1 and IFITM3 in HCC-LM3 and HL-7702 cell lines. The relationship between TUG1 and miR-29a was detected using a double luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Tumors were established in vivo by subcutaneous injection of HCC cells into nude mice and injection of these cells into the tail vein. Western blotting was used to quantify the biomarkers. Results: The expression of TUG1 increased significantly in tumor tissues and HCC cells. Moreover, the expression of miR-29a in liver cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in normal human liver tissues. The expression of TUG1 in liver cancer tissue was negatively correlated with miR-29a. Knockdown of TUG1 weakened the invasion, migration, and proliferation of HCC cells, and enhanced their apoptosis. A simultaneous knockdown of miR-29a enhanced cell invasion, metastasis, and cell proliferation, whereas the apoptosis ability decreased. As a target gene of miR-29a, IFITM3 is not only negatively regulated by miR-29a, but also positively regulated by TUG1. Therefore, TUG1 regulates IFITM3 in HCC cells by competitively binding to miR-29a, thus affecting cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Conclusion: As a CeRNA, TUG1 competitively binds to miR-29a to regulate IFITM3 and promote the development of liver cancer. Downregulation of TUG1 can significantly inhibit the migration, invasion, and proliferation of liver cancer cells. Based on these results, we conclude that TUG1 could serve as a key gene to improve the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Mindle Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Mindle Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Mindle Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Enliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Mindle Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Linquan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Mindle Road, Nanchang Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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99986
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Jia M, He J, Bai W, Lin Q, Deng J, Li W, Bai J, Fu D, Ma Y, Ren J, Xiong S. Cross-kingdom regulation by dietary plant miRNAs: an evidence-based review with recent updates. Food Funct 2021; 12:9549-9562. [PMID: 34664582 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely known for their critical role in gene regulation. Recent studies have shown that plant miRNAs obtained through dietary oral administration can survive in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, enter the circulatory system and regulate endogenous mRNAs. Diet-derived plant miRNAs have 2'-O-methylated modified 3'ends and high cytosine and guanine (GC) content, as well as exosomal packaging, which gives them high stability even in the harsh environment of the digestive system and circulatory system. The latest evidence shows that dietary plant miRNAs can not only be absorbed in the intestine, but also be absorbed and packaged by gastric epithelial cells and then secreted into the circulatory system. Alternatively, these biologically active plant-derived miRNAs may also affect the health of the host by affecting the function of the microbiome, while not need to be taken into the host's circulatory system and transferred to remote tissues. This cross-kingdom regulation of miRNAs gives us hope for exploring their therapeutic potential and as dietary supplements. However, doubts have also been raised about the cross-border regulation of miRNAs, suggesting that technical flaws in the experiments may have led to this hypothesis. In this article, we summarize the visibility of dietary plant miRNAs in the development of human health and recent research data on their use in therapeutics. The regulation of plant miRNAs across kingdoms is a novel concept. Continued efforts in this area will broaden our understanding of the biological role of plant miRNAs and will open the way for the development of new approaches to prevent or treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingXi Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China. .,College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - JinTao He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - WeiDong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - QinLu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Jie Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Da Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China. .,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - YuShui Ma
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - JiaLi Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - ShouYao Xiong
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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99987
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Strash N, DeLuca S, Janer Carattini GL, Heo SC, Gorsuch R, Bursac N. Human Erbb2-induced Erk activity robustly stimulates cycling and functional remodeling of rat and human cardiomyocytes. eLife 2021; 10:65512. [PMID: 34665129 PMCID: PMC8589446 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mitogenic pathways capable of promoting mammalian cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation have been identified as potential candidates for functional heart repair following myocardial infarction. However, it is unclear whether the effects of these mitogens are species-specific and how they directly compare in the same cardiac setting. Here, we examined how CM-specific lentiviral expression of various candidate mitogens affects human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (hiPSC-CMs) and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) in vitro. In 2D-cultured CMs from both species, and in highly mature 3D-engineered cardiac tissues generated from NRVMs, a constitutively active mutant form of the human gene Erbb2 (cahErbb2) was the most potent tested mitogen. Persistent expression of cahErbb2 induced CM proliferation, sarcomere loss, and remodeling of tissue structure and function, which were attenuated by small molecule inhibitors of Erk signaling. These results suggest transient activation of Erbb2/Erk axis in CMs as a potential strategy for regenerative heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Strash
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | | | - Soon Chul Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Ryne Gorsuch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, United States
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99988
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Immobilization of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) on Flat Surfaces and Nanoparticles Affects Its Ability to Disrupt Bacterial Membranes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102176. [PMID: 34683497 PMCID: PMC8540495 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between a widely used polycationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), and a Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, are investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) quantitative imaging. The effect of PEI, a known membrane permeabilizer, is characterized by probing both the structure and elasticity of the bacterial cell envelope. At low concentrations, PEI induced nanoscale membrane perturbations all over the bacterial surface. Despite these structural changes, no change in cellular mechanics (Young’s modulus) was detected and the growth of E. coli is barely affected. However, at high PEI concentrations, dramatic changes in both structure and cell mechanics are observed. When immobilized on a flat surface, the ability of PEI to alter the membrane structure and reduce bacterial elasticity is diminished. We further probe this immobilization-induced effect by covalently attaching the polymer to the surface of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNP). The nanoparticle-immobilized PEI (PDNP-PEI), though not able to induce major structural changes on the outer membrane of E. coli (in contrast to the flat surface), was able to bind to and reduce the Young’s modulus of the bacteria. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the state of polycationic polymers, whether bound or free—which greatly dictates their overall configuration—plays a major role on how they interact with and disrupt bacterial membranes.
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99989
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Styrene Maleic Acid Copolymer-Based Micellar Formation of Temoporfin (SMA@ mTHPC) Behaves as A Nanoprobe for Tumor-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy with A Superior Safety. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101493. [PMID: 34680610 PMCID: PMC8533298 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) using polymeric photosensitizers is a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy. Previously, we developed several polymeric nanoprobes for PDT using different polymers and PDT agents. In the study, we synthesized a styrene maleic acid copolymer (SMA) micelle encapsulating temoporfin (mTHPC) that is a clinically used PDT drug, SMA@mTHPC, with a hydrodynamic size of 98 nm, which showed high water solubility. SMA@mTHPC maintained stable micelle formation in physiological aqueous solutions including serum; however, the micelles could be disrupted in the presence of detergent (e.g., Tween 20) as well as lecithin, the major component of cell membrane, suggesting micelles will be destroyed and free mTHPC will be released during intracellular uptake. SMA@mTHPC showed a pH-dependent release profile, for which a constant release of ≈20% per day was found at pH 7.4, and much more release occurred at acidic pH (e.g., 6.5, 5.5), suggesting extensive release of free mTHPC could occur in the weak acidic environment of a tumor and further during internalization into tumor cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed a lower cytotoxicity of SMA@mTHPC than free mTHPC; however, similar in vivo antitumor effects were observed by both SMA@mTHPC and free THPC. More importantly, severe side effects (e.g., body weight loss, death of the mice) were found during free mTHPC treatment, whereas no apparent side effects were observed for SMA@mTHPC. The superior safety profile of SMA@mTHPC was mostly due to its micelle formation and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect-based tumor accumulation, as well as the tumor environment-responsive release properties. These findings suggested SMA@mTHPC may become a good candidate drug for targeted PDT with high safety.
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99990
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Sethi S, Sugiyama H, Endo M. Biomimetic DNA Nanotechnology to Understand and Control Cellular Responses. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100446. [PMID: 34664334 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
At the cellular level, numerous nanocues guide the cells to adhere, interact, proliferate, differentiate, etc. Understanding and manipulating the cellular functions in vitro, necessitates the elucidation of these nanocues provided to the cells by the extracellular matrix (ECM), neighbouring cells or in the form of ligands. DNA nanotechnology is a biocompatible, flexible and a promising molecular level toolkit for mimicking cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In this review, we summarize various advances in cell-matrix, cell-cell and cell receptor-ligand interactions using DNA nanotechnology as a tool. We also provide a brief outlook on the current challenges and the future potentials of these DNA-based nanostructures so as to inspire novel innovations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
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99991
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Hernández-Juárez J, Rodríguez-Uribe G, Borooah S. Toward the Treatment of Inherited Diseases of the Retina Using CRISPR-Based Gene Editing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:698521. [PMID: 34660621 PMCID: PMC8517184 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.698521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies [IRDs] are a common cause of severe vision loss resulting from pathogenic genetic variants. The eye is an attractive target organ for testing clinical translational approaches in inherited diseases. This has been demonstrated by the approval of the first gene supplementation therapy to treat an autosomal recessive IRD, RPE65-linked Leber congenital amaurosis (type 2), 4 years ago. However, not all diseases are amenable for treatment using gene supplementation therapy, highlighting the need for alternative strategies to overcome the limitations of this supplementation therapeutic modality. Gene editing has become of increasing interest with the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 platform. CRISPR-Cas9 offers several advantages over previous gene editing technologies as it facilitates targeted gene editing in an efficient, specific, and modifiable manner. Progress with CRISPR-Cas9 research now means that gene editing is a feasible strategy for the treatment of IRDs. This review will focus on the background of CRISPR-Cas9 and will stress the differences between gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 and traditional gene supplementation therapy. Additionally, we will review research that has led to the first CRISPR-Cas9 trial for the treatment of CEP290-linked Leber congenital amaurosis (type 10), as well as outline future directions for CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the treatment of IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hernández-Juárez
- Jacobs Retina Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Genaro Rodríguez-Uribe
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico.,Department of Ocular Genetics and Research, CODET Vision Institute, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Jacobs Retina Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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99992
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Stiffness of targeted layer-by-layer nanoparticles impacts elimination half-life, tumor accumulation, and tumor penetration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104826118. [PMID: 34649991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104826118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) stiffness has been shown to significantly impact circulation time and biodistribution in anticancer drug delivery. In particular, the relationship between particle stiffness and tumor accumulation and penetration in vivo is an important phenomenon to consider in optimizing NP-mediated tumor delivery. Layer-by-layer (LbL) NPs represent a promising class of multifunctional nanoscale drug delivery carriers. However, there has been no demonstration of the versatility of LbL systems in coating systems with different stiffnesses, and little is known about the potential role of LbL NP stiffness in modulating in vivo particle trafficking, although NP modulus has been recently studied for its impact on pharmacokinetics. LbL nanotechnology enables NPs to be functionalized with uniform coatings possessing molecular tumor-targeting properties, independent of the NP core stiffness. Here, we report that the stiffness of LbL NPs is directly influenced by the mechanical properties of its underlying liposomal core, enabling the modulation and optimization of LbL NP stiffness while preserving LbL NP outer layer tumor-targeting and stealth properties. We demonstrate that the stiffness of LbL NPs has a direct impact on NP pharmacokinetics, organ and tumor accumulation, and tumor penetration-with compliant LbL NPs having longer elimination half-life, higher tumor accumulation, and higher tumor penetration. Our findings underscore the importance of NP stiffness as a design parameter in enhancing the delivery of LbL NP formulations.
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99993
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Kim J, Shim MK, Cho YJ, Jeon S, Moon Y, Choi J, Kim J, Lee J, Lee JW, Kim K. The safe and effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cathepsin B-specific doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles in ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121189. [PMID: 34695659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has shown promising efficacy in ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), but in vivo rapid clearance and severe toxicity of free anticancer drugs hinder the effective treatment. Herein, we propose the safe and effective IP chemotherapy with cathepsin B-specific doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles (PNPs) in ovarian cancer with PC. The PNPs are prepared by self-assembling cathepsin B-specific cleavable peptide (FRRG) and doxorubicin (DOX) conjugates, which are further formulated with pluronic F68. The PNPs exhibit stable spherical structure and cytotoxic DOX is specifically released from PNPs via sequential enzymatic degradation by cathepsin B and intracellular proteases. The PNPs induce cytotoxicity in cathepsin B-overexpressing ovarian (SKOV-3 and HeyA8) and colon (MC38 and CT26) cancer cells, but not in cathepsin B-deficient normal cells in cultured condition. With enhanced cancer-specificity and in vivo residence time, IP injected PNPs efficiently accumulate within PC through two targeting mechanisms of direct penetration (circulation independent) and systemic blood vessel-associated accumulation (circulation dependent). As a result, IP chemotherapy with PNPs efficiently inhibit tumor progression with minimal side effects in peritoneal human ovarian tumor-bearing xenograft (POX) and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. These results demonstrate that PNPs effectively inhibit progression of ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis with minimal local and systemic toxicities by high cancer-specificity and favorable in vivo PK/PD profiles enhancing PC accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Moon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrae Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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99994
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Unpredictable Outcomes of a Regenerative Endodontic Treatment. Case Rep Dent 2021; 2021:2478310. [PMID: 34659840 PMCID: PMC8514905 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2478310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) is a valuable treatment for necrotic immature teeth with many advantages such as increasing root length and thickness of root wall. The success of RETs is based on healthy stem cells, suitable scaffolds, and growth factors and takes place when bacterial contamination is well controlled. The aim of this article is to address controversy in a case with multiple success criteria. This paper reports a 9-year-old boy with a complicated crown fracture of the maxillary left central incisor about three years prior to referral with a diagnosis of intrusive luxation with spontaneous reeruption. The tooth had an underdeveloped root and a well-defined periapical radiolucent lesion around the root apex. RET was considered according to the stage of root development. Upon the three-week recall session, the clinical examination indicated that the patient was asymptomatic in the affected site. However, the patient returned two weeks later with a sinus tract pertaining to the apex of tooth #9. Therefore, debridement of the root canal space was repeated and the RET redone. On the second trial, the patient was symptom-free, but no more evidence of root maturation was observed on 18-month follow-up. The tooth was asymptomatic (without swelling, drainage, and pain) during this time, and esthetics was provided for the patient.
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99995
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Büning H, Fehse B, Ivics Z, Kochanek S, Koehl U, Kupatt C, Mussolino C, Nettelbeck DM, Schambach A, Uckert W, Wagner E, Cathomen T. Gene Therapy "Made in Germany": A Historical Perspective, Analysis of the Status Quo, and Recommendations for Action by the German Society for Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:987-996. [PMID: 34662229 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.29178.hbu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapies have been successfully applied to treat severe inherited and acquired disorders. Although research and development are sufficiently well funded in Germany and while the output of scientific publications and patents is comparable with the leading nations in gene therapy, the country lags noticeably behind with regard to the number of both clinical studies and commercialized gene therapy products. In this article, we give a historical perspective on the development of gene therapy in Germany, analyze the current situation from the standpoint of the German Society for Gene Therapy (DG-GT), and define recommendations for action that would enable our country to generate biomedical and economic advantages from innovations in this sector, instead of merely importing advanced therapy medicinal products. Inter alia, we propose (1) to harmonize and simplify regulatory licensing processes to enable faster access to advanced therapies, and (2) to establish novel coordination, support and funding structures that facilitate networking of the key players. Such a center would provide the necessary infrastructure and know-how to translate cell and gene therapies to patients on the one hand, and pave the way for commercialization of these promising and innovative technologies on the other. Hence, these courses of action would not only benefit the German biotech and pharma landscape but also the society and the patients in need of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegard Büning
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI) and Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudio Mussolino
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk M Nettelbeck
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Gene Therapy, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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99996
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Jamal A, Bernardini A, Dini D. Microscale characterisation of the time-dependent mechanical behaviour of brain white matter. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104917. [PMID: 34710852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain mechanics is a topic of deep interest because of the significant role of mechanical cues in both brain function and form. Specifically, capturing the heterogeneous and anisotropic behaviour of cerebral white matter (WM) is extremely challenging and yet the data on WM at a spatial resolution relevant to tissue components are sparse. To investigate the time-dependent mechanical behaviour of WM, and its dependence on local microstructural features when subjected to small deformations, we conducted atomic force microscopy (AFM) stress relaxation experiments on corpus callosum (CC), corona radiata (CR) and fornix (FO) of fresh ovine brain. Our experimental results show a dependency of the tissue mechanical response on axons orientation, with e.g. the stiffness of perpendicular and parallel samples is different in all three regions of WM whereas the relaxation behaviour is different for the CC and FO regions. An inverse modelling approach was adopted to extract Prony series parameters of the tissue components, i.e. axons and extra cellular matrix with its accessory cells, from experimental data. Using a bottom-up approach, we developed analytical and FEA estimates that are in good agreement with our experimental results. Our systematic characterisation of sheep brain WM using a combination of AFM experiments and micromechanical models provide a significant contribution for predicting localised time-dependent mechanics of brain tissue. This information can lead to more accurate computational simulations, therefore aiding the development of surgical robotic solutions for drug delivery and accurate tissue mimics, as well as the determination of criteria for tissue injury and predict brain development and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Jamal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Andrea Bernardini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Daniele Dini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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99997
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Abumelha HM, Hameed A, Alkhamis KM, Alkabli J, Aljuhani E, Shah R, El-Metwaly NM. Development of Mechanically Reliable and Transparent Photochromic Film Using Solution Blowing Spinning Technology for Anti-Counterfeiting Applications. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27315-27324. [PMID: 34693152 PMCID: PMC8529685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic materials have attracted broad interest to enhance the anti-counterfeiting of commercial products. In order to develop anti-counterfeiting mechanically reliable composite materials, it is urgent to improve the engineering process of both the material and matrix. Herein, we report on the development of anti-counterfeiting mechanically reliable nanocomposites composed of rare-earth doped aluminate strontium oxide phosphor (RESA) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized into the thermoplastic polyurethane-based nanofibrous film successfully fabricated via the simple solution blowing spinning technology. The generated photochromic film exhibits an ultraviolet-stimulated anti-counterfeiting property. Different films of different emissive properties were generated using different total contents of RESA. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to investigate the morphological properties of RESA NPs to display a particle diameter of 3-17 nm. The morphologies, compositions, optical transmittance, and mechanical performance of the produced photochromic nanofibrous films were investigated. Several analytical methods were employed, including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The fibrous diameter of RESA-TPU was in the range of 200-250 nm. In order to ensure the development of transparent RESA-TPU film, RESA must be prepared in the nanosized form to allow better dispersion without agglomeration in the TPU matrix. The luminescent RESA-TPU film displayed an absorbance intensity at 367 nm and two emission intensities at 431 and 517 nm. The generated RESA-TPU films showed an enhanced hydrophobicity without negatively influencing their original appearance and mechanical properties. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet light, the transparent nanofibrous films displayed rapid and reversible photochromism to greenish-yellow without fatigue. The produced anti-counterfeiting films demonstrated stretchable, flexible, and translucent properties. As a simple sort of anti-counterfeiting substrates, the current novel photochromic film provides excellent anti-counterfeiting strength at low-cost as an efficient method to develop versatile materials with high mechanical strength to create an excellent market as well as adding economic and social values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M. Abumelha
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 11671 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, 00966 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholood M. Alkhamis
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 47711, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jafar. Alkabli
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts-Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Aljuhani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, 00966 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, 00966 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, 00966 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, El-Gomhoria
Street, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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99998
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Identification of Deposited Oil Structures on Thin Porous Oil Mist Filter Media Applying µ-CT Imaging Technique. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of microscale oil structures formed from deposited oil droplets on the filter front face of a coalescence filter medium is essential to understand the initial state of the coalescence filtration process. Using µ-CT imaging and a deep learning tool for segmentation, this work presents a novel approach to visualize and identify deposited oil structures as oil droplets on fibers or oil sails between adjacent fibers of different sizes, shapes and orientations. Furthermore, the local and global porosity, saturation and fiber ratios of different fiber material of the oleophilic filter medium was compared and evaluated. Especially the local and global porosity of the filter material showed great accordance. Local and global saturation as well as the fiber ratios on local and global scale had noticeable differences which can mainly be attributed to the small field of view of the µ-CT scan (350 µm on 250 µm) or the minimal resolution of approximately 1 µm. Finally, fiber diameters of the investigated filter material were analyzed, showing a good agreement with the manufacturer’s specifications. The analytical approach to visualize and analyze the deposited oil structures was the main emphasis of this work.
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Hashemi M, Afsharzadeh M, Babaei M, Ebrahimian M, Abnous K, Ramezani M. Enhanced anticancer efficacy of docetaxel through galbanic acid encapsulated into PLA-PEG nanoparticles in treatment of colon cancer, in vitro and in vivo study. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211053922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most leading causes of human mortality and despite outstanding breakthrough in introducing new therapeutic approaches, the clinical outcomes are disappointing. Therefore, extensive research in design and preparation of more efficient drug delivery systems can open a window to shine light into the therapeutic modality. In this study, we evaluated the effect of galbanic acid (GBA) encapsulated into PLA-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) to enhanced anticancer efficacy of docetaxel (DOC) for the treatment of colon cancer. Prepared NPs were characterized by different methods in terms of size, zeta potential, and drug loading capacity. MTT assay was used to investigate the anti-proliferation of GBA-loaded PEG-PLA NPs along with DOC. The therapeutic efficacy of PEG-PLA@GBA NPs & DOC was further investigated in C26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice model. The resulting NPs were narrowly distributed (PDI = 0.06) with the mean diameter of 148 ± 9 nm with somewhat negative charge. GBA were efficiently loaded into mPEG-PLA NPs with encapsulation efficiency of about 40% ± 3. Cytotoxicity studies showed that NPs loaded with GBA and fixed concentration of docetaxel (20 nM) have higher toxicity (IC50 = 6 ± 1.8 µM) than either PEG-PLA@GBA (IC50 = 8 ± 1.2 µM) or free GBA (IC50 = 15 ± 3.5 µM) in C26 cells. In vivo studies revealed a synergistic effect of PEG-PLA@GBA NPs and DOC on tumor growth inhibition and survival rate in comparison with monotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Afsharzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Babaei
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ebrahimian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Esteban J, Vallet-Regí M, Aguilera-Correa JJ. Antibiotics- and Heavy Metals-Based Titanium Alloy Surface Modifications for Local Prosthetic Joint Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1270. [PMID: 34680850 PMCID: PMC8532710 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the second most common cause of arthroplasty failure. Though infrequent, it is one of the most devastating complications since it is associated with great personal cost for the patient and a high economic burden for health systems. Due to the high number of patients that will eventually receive a prosthesis, PJI incidence is increasing exponentially. As these infections are provoked by microorganisms, mainly bacteria, and as such can develop a biofilm, which is in turn resistant to both antibiotics and the immune system, prevention is the ideal approach. However, conventional preventative strategies seem to have reached their limit. Novel prevention strategies fall within two broad categories: (1) antibiotic- and (2) heavy metal-based surface modifications of titanium alloy prostheses. This review examines research on the most relevant titanium alloy surface modifications that use antibiotics to locally prevent primary PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Esteban
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Centre on Infectious Diseases (CIBER-ID), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - John J Aguilera-Correa
- Networking Research Centre on Infectious Diseases (CIBER-ID), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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