1001
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Ford PC. Photochemical delivery of nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2013; 34:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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1002
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Long R, Salouage I, Berdeaux A, Motterlini R, Morin D. CORM-3, a water soluble CO-releasing molecule, uncouples mitochondrial respiration via interaction with the phosphate carrier. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:201-9. [PMID: 24161358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide is continuously produced in small quantities in tissues and is an important signaling mediator in mammalian cells. We previously demonstrated that CO delivered to isolated rat heart mitochondria using a water-soluble CO-releasing molecule (CORM-3) is able to uncouple mitochondrial respiration. The aim of this study was to explore more in depth the mechanism(s) of this uncoupling effect. We found that acceleration of mitochondrial O2 consumption and decrease in membrane potential induced by CORM-3 were associated with an increase in mitochondrial swelling. This effect was independent of the opening of the mitochondrial transition pore as cyclosporine A was unable to prevent it. Interestingly, removal of phosphate from the incubation medium suppressed the effects mediated by CORM-3. Blockade of the dicarboxylate carrier, which exchanges dicarboxylate for phosphate, decreased the effects induced by CORM-3 while direct inhibition of the phosphate carrier with N-ethylmaleimide completely abolished the effects of CORM-3. In addition, CORM-3 was able to enhance the transport of phosphate into mitochondria as evidenced by changes in mitochondrial phosphate concentration and mitochondrial swelling that evaluates the activity of the phosphate carrier in de-energized conditions. These results indicate that CORM-3 activates the phosphate carrier leading to an increase in phosphate and proton transport inside mitochondria, both of which could contribute to the non-classical uncoupling effect mediated by CORM-3. The dicarboxylate carrier amplifies this effect by increasing intra-mitochondrial phosphate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Long
- INSERM U955, équipe 3, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, 94010 Creteil, France.
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1003
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Abstract
Since the discovery that CO acts as a cytoprotective and homeostatic molecule, increasing research efforts have been devoted to the exploitation of its therapeutic effects. Both endogenous and exogenous CO improves experimental lung, vascular and cardiac injuries and protects against several inflammatory states. The technology is now in place to bring CO to clinical applications, but the use of the gaseous molecule poses several problems. The challenges associated with the clinical implementation of the gas have in part been answered by the development of CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs). As stable solid forms of CO, these molecules represent an alternative to the administration of carbon monoxide (orally or by injection). In this article, we present insights into the biochemical action of CO and discuss the efficacy of CO and CO-RMs in preclinical disease models. Recent advances in the CO-RMs field are critically addressed.
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1004
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Trenor B, Cardona K, Saiz J, Rajamani S, Belardinelli L, Giles WR. Carbon monoxide effects on human ventricle action potential assessed by mathematical simulations. Front Physiol 2013; 4:282. [PMID: 24146650 PMCID: PMC3797961 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) that is produced in a number of different mammalian tissues is now known to have significant effects on the cardiovascular system. These include: (i) vasodilation, (ii) changes in heart rate and strength of contractions, and (iii) modulation of autonomic nervous system input to both the primary pacemaker and the working myocardium. Excessive CO in the environment is toxic and can initiate or mediate life threatening cardiac rhythm disturbances. Recent reports link these ventricular arrhythmias to an increase in the slowly inactivating, or “late” component of the Na+ current in the mammalian heart. The main goal of this paper is to explore the basis of this pro-arrhythmic capability of CO by incorporating changes in CO-induced ion channel activity with intracellular signaling pathways in the mammalian heart. To do this, a quite well-documented mathematical model of the action potential and intracellular calcium transient in the human ventricular myocyte has been employed. In silico iterations based on this model provide a useful first step in illustrating the cellular electrophysiological consequences of CO that have been reported from mammalian heart experiments. Specifically, when the Grandi et al. model of the human ventricular action potential is utilized, and after the Na+ and Ca2+ currents in a single myocyte are modified based on the experimental literature, early after-depolarization (EAD) rhythm disturbances appear, and important elements of the underlying causes of these EADs are revealed/illustrated. Our modified mathematical model of the human ventricular action potential also provides a convenient digital platform for designing future experimental work and relating these changes in cellular cardiac electrophysiology to emerging clinical and epidemiological data on CO toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Trenor
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia, Spain
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1005
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Wegiel B, Gallo D, Csizmadia E, Harris C, Belcher J, Vercellotti GM, Penacho N, Seth P, Sukhatme V, Ahmed A, Pandolfi PP, Helczynski L, Bjartell A, Persson JL, Otterbein LE. Carbon monoxide expedites metabolic exhaustion to inhibit tumor growth. Cancer Res 2013; 73:7009-21. [PMID: 24121491 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One classical feature of cancer cells is their metabolic acquisition of a highly glycolytic phenotype. Carbon monoxide (CO), one of the products of the cytoprotective molecule heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cancer cells, has been implicated in carcinogenesis and therapeutic resistance. However, the functional contributions of CO and HO-1 to these processes are poorly defined. In human prostate cancers, we found that HO-1 was nuclear localized in malignant cells, with low enzymatic activity in moderately differentiated tumors correlating with relatively worse clinical outcomes. Exposure to CO sensitized prostate cancer cells but not normal cells to chemotherapy, with growth arrest and apoptosis induced in vivo in part through mitotic catastrophe. CO targeted mitochondria activity in cancer cells as evidenced by higher oxygen consumption, free radical generation, and mitochondrial collapse. Collectively, our findings indicated that CO transiently induces an anti-Warburg effect by rapidly fueling cancer cell bioenergetics, ultimately resulting in metabolic exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wegiel
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Urological Cancers, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; and Department of Medicine and Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Alfama Inc., Oeiras, Portugal
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1006
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Carrington SJ, Chakraborty I, Alvarado JR, Mascharak PK. Differences in the CO photolability of cis- and trans- [RuCl 2(azpy)(CO) 2] complexes: Effect of metal-to-ligand back-bonding. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013; 407:10.1016/j.ica.2013.07.047. [PMID: 24273336 PMCID: PMC3834957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Carrington
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Indranil Chakraborty
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Josh R. Alvarado
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Pradip K. Mascharak
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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1007
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Gibbons SJ, Verhulst PJ, Bharucha A, Farrugia G. Review article: carbon monoxide in gastrointestinal physiology and its potential in therapeutics. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:689-702. [PMID: 23992228 PMCID: PMC3788684 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While carbon monoxide (CO) is a known toxin, it is now recognised that CO is also an important signalling molecule involved in physiology and pathophysiology. AIMS To summarise our current understanding of the role of endogenous CO in the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology, and to potential therapeutic applications of modulating CO. METHODS This review is based on a comprehensive search of the Ovid Medline comprehensive database and supplemented by our ongoing studies evaluating the role of CO in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. RESULTS Carbon monoxide derived from haem oxygenase (HO)-2 is predominantly involved in neuromodulation and in setting the smooth muscle membrane potential, while CO derived from HO-1 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which protect gastrointestinal smooth muscle from damage caused by injury or inflammation. Exogenous CO is being explored as a therapeutic agent in a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including diabetic gastroparesis, post-operative ileus, organ transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease and sepsis. However, identifying the appropriate mechanism for safely delivering CO in humans is a major challenge. CONCLUSIONS Carbon monoxide is an important regulator of gastrointestinal function and protects the gastrointestinal tract against noxious injury. CO is a promising therapeutic target in conditions associated with gastrointestinal injury and inflammation. Elucidating the mechanisms by which CO works and developing safe CO delivery mechanisms are necessary to refine therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Gibbons
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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1008
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Gonzalez MA, Carrington SJ, Chakraborty I, Olmstead MM, Mascharak PK. Photoactivity of Mono- and Dicarbonyl Complexes of Ruthenium(II) Bearing an N,N,S-Donor Ligand: Role of Ancillary Ligands on the Capacity of CO Photorelease. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11320-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4016004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Samantha J. Carrington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Indranil Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Pradip K. Mascharak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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1009
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Wallner M, Bulmer AC, Mölzer C, Müllner E, Marculescu R, Doberer D, Wolzt M, Wagner OF, Wagner KH. Haem catabolism: a novel modulator of inflammation in Gilbert's syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:912-9. [PMID: 23865893 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderately elevated unconjugated bilirubin concentrations protect against inflammatory diseases and are present in individuals with Gilbert's syndrome. This study examined the relationship between circulating haem oxygenase catabolites, unconjugated bilirubin, carboxy haemoglobin, iron and inflammatory parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-six matched individuals were allocated to Gilbert's syndrome (GS) or control group (unconjugated bilirubin ≥ or < 17.1 μM). Iron, carboxy haemoglobin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were analysed using routine diagnostic tests. Unconjugated bilirubin and haem were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were assessed using high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Gilbert's syndrome subjects had significantly greater levels of unconjugated bilirubin (P < 0.05), carboxy haemoglobin (P < 0.05), iron (P < 0.05), IL-1β (P < 0.05), a significantly lower body mass index (P < 0.05) and IL-6 concentrations (P < 0.05) vs. controls. Regression analysis revealed that unconjugated bilirubin mainly explained IL-1β results (16%), and body mass index+IL-6 predicted 26% of the variance in C-reactive protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS A positive relationship between unconjugated bilirubin and free plasma haem, iron and carboxy haemoglobin indicated a positive feedback loop of haem oxygenase induction possibly mediated by unconjugated bilirubin. Furthermore, reduced body mass index in Gilbert's syndrome individuals was linked to reduced inflammation status, which could be influenced by circulating haem oxygenase catabolites and contribute to reduced risk of noncommunicable diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Wallner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Emerging Field Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability, University of Vienna, Austria
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1010
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CO-releasing molecules: avoiding toxicity and exploiting the beneficial effects of CO for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:367-9. [PMID: 23495681 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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1011
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Venditti CC, Casselman R, Murphy MSQ, Adamson SL, Sled JG, Smith GN. Chronic carbon monoxide inhalation during pregnancy augments uterine artery blood flow and uteroplacental vascular growth in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R939-48. [PMID: 23986360 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00204.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
End-tidal breath carbon monoxide (CO) is abnormally low in women with preeclampsia (PE), while women smoking during pregnancy have shown an increase in CO levels and a 33% lower incidence of PE. This effect may be, in part, due to lowered sFLT1 plasma levels in smokers, and perhaps low-level CO inhalation can attenuate the development of PE in high-risk women. Our previous work showed maternal chronic CO exposure (<300 ppm) throughout gestation had no maternal or fetal deleterious effects in mice. Our current study evaluated the uteroplacental vascular effects in CD-1 maternal mice that inhaled CO (250 ppm) both chronically, gestation day (GD) 0.5 to 18.5, and acutely, 2.5 h on each of GD 10.5 and 14.5. We demonstrated, using microultrasound measurements of blood velocity and microcomputed tomography imaging of the uteroplacental vasculature, that chronic maternal exposure to CO doubled uterine artery blood flow and augmented uteroplacental vascular diameters and branching. This finding may be of benefit to women with PE, as they exhibit uteroplacental vascular compromise. The ratio of VEGF protein to its FLT1 receptor was increased in the placenta, suggesting a shift to a more angiogenic state; however, maternal circulating levels of VEGF, sFLT1, and their ratio were not significantly changed. Doppler blood velocities in the maternal uterine artery and fetal umbilical artery and vein were unaltered. This study provides in vivo evidence that chronic inhalation of 250 ppm CO throughout gestation augments uterine blood flow and uteroplacental vascular growth, changes that may protect against the subsequent development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C Venditti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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1012
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Zobi F, Quaroni L, Santoro G, Zlateva T, Blacque O, Sarafimov B, Schaub MC, Bogdanova AY. Live-fibroblast IR imaging of a cytoprotective PhotoCORM Activated with Visible Light. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6719-31. [PMID: 23927566 DOI: 10.1021/jm400527k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) are an emerging class of pharmaceutical compounds currently evaluated in several preclinical disease models. There is general consensus that the therapeutic effects elicited by the molecules may be directly ascribed to the biological function of the released CO. It remains unclear, however, if cellular internalization of CORMs is a critical event in their therapeutic action. To address the problem of cellular delivery, we have devised a general strategy which entails conjugation of a CO-releasing molecule (here a photoactivated CORM) to the 5'-OH ribose group of vitamin B12. Cyanocobalamin (B12) functions as the biocompatible water-soluble scaffold which actively transports the CORM against a concentration gradient into the cells. The uptake and cellular distribution of this B12-photoCORM conjugate is demonstrated via synchrotron FTIR spectromicroscopy measurements on living cells. Intracellular photoinduced CO release prevents fibroblasts from dying under conditions of hypoxia and metabolic depletion, conditions that may occur in vivo during insufficient blood supply to oxygen-sensitive tissues such as the heart or brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zobi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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1013
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Foresti R, Bains SK, Pitchumony TS, de Castro Brás LE, Drago F, Dubois-Randé JL, Bucolo C, Motterlini R. Small molecule activators of the Nrf2-HO-1 antioxidant axis modulate heme metabolism and inflammation in BV2 microglia cells. Pharmacol Res 2013; 76:132-48. [PMID: 23942037 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the antioxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are crucial components of the cellular stress response. These two systems work together to combat oxidative stress and inflammation and are attractive drug targets for counteracting different pathologies, including neuroinflammation. We aimed to identify the most effective Nrf2/HO-1 activators that modulate the inflammatory response in microglia cells. In the present study, we searched the literature and selected 56 compounds reported to activate Nrf2 or HO-1 and analyzed them for HO-1 induction at 6 and 24h and cytotoxicity in BV2 microglial cells in vitro. Approximately 20 compounds up-regulated HO-1 at the concentrations tested (5-20 μM) with carnosol, supercurcumin, cobalt protoporphyrin-IX and dimethyl fumarate exhibiting the best induction/low cytotoxicity profile. Up-regulation of HO-1 by some compounds resulted in increased cellular bilirubin levels but did not augment the expression of proteins involved in heme synthesis (ALAS 1) or biliverdin reductase. Bilirubin production by HO-1 inducers correlated with their potency in inhibiting nitrite production after challenge with interferon-γ (INF-γ) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The compounds down-regulated the inflammatory response (TNF-α, PGE2 and nitrite) more strongly in cells challenged with INF-γ than LPS, and silencing HO-1 or Nrf2 with shRNA differentially affected the levels of inflammatory markers. These findings indicate that some small activators of Nrf2/HO-1 are effective modulators of microglia inflammation and highlight the chemical scaffolds that can serve for the synthesis of potent new derivatives to counteract neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Foresti
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, F-94000 Créteil, France; Inserm U955, Equipe 3, F-94000 Créteil, France.
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1014
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Wilson JL, Jesse HE, Hughes B, Lund V, Naylor K, Davidge KS, Cook GM, Mann BE, Poole RK. Ru(CO)3Cl(Glycinate) (CORM-3): a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule with broad-spectrum antimicrobial and photosensitive activities against respiration and cation transport in Escherichia coli. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19. [PMID: 23186316 PMCID: PMC3704104 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Carbon monoxide (CO) delivered to cells and tissues by CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) has beneficial and toxic effects not mimicked by CO gas. The metal carbonyl Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate) (CORM-3) is a novel, potent antimicrobial agent. Here, we established its mode of action. RESULTS CORM-3 inhibits respiration in several bacterial and yeast pathogens. In anoxic Escherichia coli suspensions, CORM-3 first stimulates, then inhibits respiration, but much higher concentrations of CORM-3 than of a classic protonophore are required for stimulation. Proton translocation measurements (H(+)/O quotients, i.e., H(+) extrusion on pulsing anaerobic cells with O2) show that respiratory stimulation cannot be attributed to true "uncoupling," that is, dissipation of the protonmotive force, or to direct stimulation of oxidase activity. Our data are consistent with CORM-3 facilitating the electrogenic transmembrane movement of K(+) (or Na(+)), causing a stimulation of respiration and H(+) pumping to compensate for the transient drop in membrane potential (ΔΨ). The effects on respiration are not mimicked by CO gas or control Ru compounds that do not release CO. Inhibition of respiration and loss of bacterial viability elicited by CORM-3 are reversible by white light, unambiguously identifying heme-containing oxidase(s) as target(s). INNOVATION This is the most complete study to date of the antimicrobial action of a CO-RM. Noteworthy are the demonstration of respiratory stimulation, electrogenic ion transport, and photosensitive activity, establishing terminal oxidases and ion transport as primary targets. CONCLUSION CORM-3 has multifaceted effects: increased membrane permeability, inhibition of terminal oxidases, and perhaps other unidentified mechanisms underlie its effectiveness in tackling microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Louise Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, United Kingdom
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1015
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Bischof C, Joshi T, Dimri A, Spiccia L, Schatzschneider U. Synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and photoinduced CO-release studies of functionalized ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: versatile building blocks for development of CORM-peptide nucleic acid bioconjugates. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9297-308. [PMID: 23919761 DOI: 10.1021/ic400746n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium(II) dicarbonyl complexes of formula [RuCl2(L)(CO)2] (L = bpy(CH3,CH3) = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, bpy(CH3,CHO) = 4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxyaldehyde, bpy(CH3,COOH) = 4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxylic acid, CppH = 2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, dppzcH = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-11-carboxylic acid), and [RuCl(L)(CO)2](+) (L = tpy(COOH) = 6-(2,2':6',2″-terpyridine-4'-yloxy)hexanoic acid) has been synthesized. In addition, a high-yield synthesis of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer containing the 2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine ligand was also developed, and this compound was used to prepare the first Ru(II) dicarbonyl complex, [RuCl2(Cpp-L-PNA)(CO)2],(Cpp-L-PNA = tert-butyl-N-[2-(N-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[6-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamido)hexanoyl]glycinate) attached to a PNA monomer backbone. Such metal-complex PNA-bioconjugates are attracting profound interest for biosensing and biomedical applications. Characterization of all complexes has been undertaken by IR and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Investigation of the CO-release properties of the Ru(II) complexes in water/dimethyl sulfoxide (49:1) using the myoglobin assay showed that they are stable under physiological conditions in the dark for at least 60 min and most of them even for up to 15 h. In contrast, photoinduced CO release was observed upon illumination at 365 nm, the low-energy shoulder of the main absorption maximum centered around 300 nm, establishing these compounds as a new class of PhotoCORMs. While the two 2,2'-bipyridine complexes release 1 equiv of CO per mole of complex, the terpyridine, 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine, and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine complexes are less effective CO releasers. Attachment of the 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine complex to a PNA backbone as in [RuCl2(Cpp-L-PNA)CO2] did not significantly change the spectroscopic or CO-release properties compared to the parent complex. Thus, a novel class of Ru(II)-based PhotoCORMs has been established which can be coupled to carrier delivery vectors such as PNA to facilitate cellular uptake without loss of the inherent CORM properties of the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bischof
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, NC 3/74, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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1016
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Fagone P, Patti F, Mangano K, Mammana S, Coco M, Touil-Boukoffa C, Chikovani T, Di Marco R, Nicoletti F. Heme oxygenase-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with disease activity in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 261:82-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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1017
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Tinajero-Trejo M, Jesse HE, Poole RK. Gasotransmitters, poisons, and antimicrobials: it's a gas, gas, gas! F1000PRIME REPORTS 2013; 5:28. [PMID: 23967379 PMCID: PMC3732073 DOI: 10.12703/p5-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We review recent examples of the burgeoning literature on three gases that have major impacts in biology and microbiology. NO, CO and H2S are now co-classified as endogenous gasotransmitters with profound effects on mammalian physiology and, potentially, major implications in therapeutic applications. All are well known to be toxic yet, at tiny concentrations in human and cell biology, play key signalling and regulatory functions. All may also be endogenously generated in microbes. NO and H2S share the property of being biochemically detoxified, yet are beneficial in resisting the bactericidal properties of antibiotics. The mechanism underlying this protection is currently under debate. CO, in contrast, is not readily removed; mounting evidence shows that CO, and especially organic donor compounds that release the gas in biological environments, are themselves effective, novel antimicrobial agents.
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1018
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Barbour AG, Hirsch CM, Ghalyanchi Langeroudi A, Meinardi S, Lewis ERG, Estabragh AS, Blake DR. Elevated carbon monoxide in the exhaled breath of mice during a systemic bacterial infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69802. [PMID: 23936104 PMCID: PMC3729689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood is the specimen of choice for most laboratory tests for diagnosis and disease monitoring. Sampling exhaled breath is a noninvasive alternative to phlebotomy and has the potential for real-time monitoring at the bedside. Improved instrumentation has advanced breath analysis for several gaseous compounds from humans. However, application to small animal models of diseases and physiology has been limited. To extend breath analysis to mice, we crafted a means for collecting nose-only breath samples from groups and individual animals who were awake. Samples were subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry procedures developed for highly sensitive analysis of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. We evaluated the system with experimental systemic infections of severe combined immunodeficiency Mus musculus with the bacterium Borrelia hermsii. Infected mice developed bacterial densities of ∼107 per ml of blood by day 4 or 5 and in comparison to uninfected controls had hepatosplenomegaly and elevations of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. While 12 samples from individual infected mice on days 4 and 5 and 6 samples from uninfected mice did not significantly differ for 72 different VOCs, carbon monoxide (CO) was elevated in samples from infected mice, with a mean (95% confidence limits) effect size of 4.2 (2.8–5.6), when differences in CO2 in the breath were taken into account. Normalized CO values declined to the uninfected range after one day of treatment with the antibiotic ceftriaxone. Strongly correlated with CO in the breath were levels of heme oxygenase-1 protein in serum and HMOX1 transcripts in whole blood. These results (i) provide further evidence of the informativeness of CO concentration in the exhaled breath during systemic infection and inflammation, and (ii) encourage evaluation of this noninvasive analytic approach in other various other rodent models of infection and for utility in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Barbour
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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1019
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Dördelmann G, Meinhardt T, Sowik T, Krueger A, Schatzschneider U. CuAAC click functionalization of azide-modified nanodiamond with a photoactivatable CO-releasing molecule (PhotoCORM) based on [Mn(CO)3(tpm)]+. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:11528-30. [PMID: 23090687 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36491c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) was used for the first time to attach a biologically active carbon monoxide delivery agent to modified nanodiamond (ND) as a highly biocompatible carrier. The [Mn(CO)(3)(tpm)](+) photoactivatable CO-releasing molecule (PhotoCORM) on the surface retained the carbon monoxide release properties of the parent compound as shown with the myoglobin assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dördelmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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1020
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Biliverdin protects against liver ischemia reperfusion injury in swine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69972. [PMID: 23922878 PMCID: PMC3726748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in organ transplantation remains a serious and unsolved problem. Organs that undergo significant damage during IRI, function less well immediately after reperfusion and tend to have more problems at later times when rejection can occur. Biliverdin has emerged as an agent that potently suppress IRI in rodent models. Since the use of biliverdin is being developed as a potential therapeutic modality for humans, we tested the efficacy for its effects on IRI of the liver in swine, an accepted and relevant pre-clinical animal model. Administration of biliverdin resulted in rapid appearance of bilirubin in the serum and significantly suppressed IRI-induced liver dysfunction as measured by multiple parameters including urea and ammonia clearance, neutrophil infiltration and tissue histopathology including hepatocyte cell death. Taken together, our findings, in a large animal model, provide strong support for the continued evaluation of biliverdin as a potential therapeutic in the clinical setting of transplantation of the liver and perhaps other organs.
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1021
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Akhtar M, Henderson T, Sutherland A, Vogel T, Friend P. Novel Approaches to Preventing Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury During Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:2083-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1022
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Salerno L, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Modica MN, Siracusa MA, Di Giacomo C, Acquaviva R, Barbagallo I, Tibullo D, Sorrenti V. Evaluation of novel aryloxyalkyl derivatives of imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitors and their antitumor properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5145-53. [PMID: 23867390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of aryloxyalkyl derivatives of imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole, 17-31, was designed and synthesized as inhibitors of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2). Some of these compounds were found to be good inhibitors of HO-1, in particular those carrying an imidazole moiety as azolyl group and a 3-bromo or 4-iodophenyl as aryl moiety. The most potent compounds 6 and 30 were selected and studied for their antitumor properties in a model of LAMA-84 R cell line overexpressing HO-1 and resistant to imatinib mesylate (IM), a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of multiple types of cancer, most notably Philadelphia Chromosome positive (Ph(+)) Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). Results show that both 6 and 30 sensitized LAMA-84 R cell line to antitumor properties of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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1023
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Vasculotoxic and Proinflammatory Effects of Plasma Heme: Cell Signaling and Cytoprotective Responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2013. [PMID: 25506596 PMCID: PMC4261193 DOI: 10.1155/2013/831596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proinfammatory vasculotoxic effects of intravascular hemolysis are modulated by plasma hemoglobin and heme clearance via the haptoglobin/CD163 system and the hemopexin/CD91 system, respectively, and detoxification through the heme oxygenase/ferritin system. However, sudden or excessive hemolysis can overwhelm these protective systems leading to heme interacting with cells of the vasculature. Heme presents a damage-associated molecular pattern to the innate immune system. Heme is an extracellular inflammatory signaling molecule with strict binding specificity for TLR4 on monocyte/macrophages, endothelial, and other cells. The resulting TLR4 signaling cascade rapidly leads to intracellular oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. Heme also induces a cytoprotective response that includes Nrf2 responsive genes such as heme oxygenase-1, ferritin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, and other antioxidant response genes. It is the balance between the pro-inflammatory/vasculotoxic effects of plasma hemoglobin/heme and the cytoprotective responses that ultimately determines the pathophysiologic outcome in patients.
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1024
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Rochette L, Ghibu S, Richard C, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of α-lipoic acid and therapeutic potential. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:114-25. [PMID: 23293044 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to worldwide health. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown; however, there is growing evidence that the excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. In this context, various natural compounds with pleiotropic actions like α-lipoic acid (LA) are of interest, especially in metabolic diseases such as diabetes. LA, either as a dietary supplement or a therapeutic agent, modulates redox potential because of its ability to match the redox status between different subcellular compartments as well as extracellularly. Both the oxidized (disulfide) and reduced (di-thiol: dihydro-lipoic acid, DHLA) forms of LA show antioxidant properties. LA exerts antioxidant effects in biological systems through ROS quenching but also via an action on transition metal chelation. Dietary supplementation with LA has been successfully employed in a variety of in vivo models of disease associated with an imbalance of redox status: diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The complex and intimate association between increased oxidative stress and increased inflammation in related disorders such as diabetes, makes it difficult to establish the temporal sequence of the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- INSERM UMR866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 21000 Dijon, France.
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1025
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Botov S, Stamellou E, Romanski S, Guttentag M, Alberto R, Neudörfl JM, Yard B, Schmalz HG. Synthesis and Performance of Acyloxy-diene-Fe(CO)3 Complexes with Variable Chain Lengths as Enzyme-Triggered Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Botov
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4,
D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steffen Romanski
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4,
D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Miguel Guttentag
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4,
D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4,
D-50939 Köln, Germany
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1026
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Jazzazi TM, Görls H, Gessner G, Heinemann SH, Westerhausen M. Photosensitive iron(II)-based CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) with vicinal amino and diphenylphosphino substituted chelating ligands. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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1027
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Pfeiffer H, Sowik T, Schatzschneider U. Bioorthogonal oxime ligation of a Mo(CO)4(N–N) CO-releasing molecule (CORM) to a TGF β-binding peptide. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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1028
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Repessé Y, Peyron I, Dimitrov JD, Dasgupta S, Moshai EF, Costa C, Borel-Derlon A, Guillet B, D'Oiron R, Aouba A, Rothschild C, Oldenburg J, Pavlova A, Kaveri SV, Lacroix-Desmazes S. Development of inhibitory antibodies to therapeutic factor VIII in severe hemophilia A is associated with microsatellite polymorphisms in the HMOX1 promoter. Haematologica 2013; 98:1650-5. [PMID: 23716558 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.084665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase-1, a stress-inducible enzyme with anti-inflammatory activity, reduces the immunogenicity of therapeutic factor VIII in experimental hemophilia A. In humans, heme oxygenase-1 expression is modulated by polymorphisms in the promoter of the heme oxygenase-1-encoding gene (HMOX1). We investigated the relationship between polymorphisms in the HMOX1 promoter and factor VIII inhibitor development in severe hemophilia A. We performed a case-control study on 99 inhibitor-positive patients and 263 patients who did not develop inhibitors within the first 150 cumulative days of exposure to therapeutic factor VIII. Direct sequencing and DNA fragment analysis were used to study (GT)n polymorphism and single nucleotide polymorphisms located at -1135 and -413 in the promoter of HMOX1. We assessed associations between the individual allele frequencies or genotypes, and inhibitor development. Our results demonstrate that inhibitor-positive patients had a higher frequency of alleles with large (GT)n repeats (L: n≥30), which are associated with lesser heme oxygenase-1 expression (odds ratio 2.31; 95% confidence interval 1.46-3.66; P<0.001]. Six genotypes (L/L, L/M, L/S, M/M, M/S and S/S) of (GT)n repeats were identified (S: n<21; M: 21≤n<30). The genotype group including L alleles (L/L, L/M and L/S) was statistically more frequent among inhibitor-positive than inhibitor-negative patients, as compared to the other genotypes (33.3% versus 17.1%) (odds ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.76; P<0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first association identified between HMOX1 promoter polymorphism and development of anti-drug antibodies. Our study paves the way towards modulation of the endogenous anti-inflammatory machinery of hemophilia patients to reduce the risk of inhibitor development.
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1029
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Pulukkody R, Kyran SJ, Bethel RD, Hsieh CH, Hall MB, Darensbourg DJ, Darensbourg MY. Carbon Monoxide Induced Reductive Elimination of Disulfide in an N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)/ Thiolate Dinitrosyl Iron Complex (DNIC). J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8423-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja403916v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Randara Pulukkody
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Samuel J. Kyran
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ryan D. Bethel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chung-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Marcetta Y. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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1030
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Seixas JD, Mukhopadhyay A, Santos-Silva T, Otterbein LE, Gallo DJ, Rodrigues SS, Guerreiro BH, Gonçalves AML, Penacho N, Marques AR, Coelho AC, Reis PM, Romão MJ, Romão CC. Characterization of a versatile organometallic pro-drug (CORM) for experimental CO based therapeutics. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:5985-98. [PMID: 23223860 PMCID: PMC3618497 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32174b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complex fac-[Mo(CO)(3)(histidinate)]Na has been reported to be an effective CO-Releasing Molecule in vivo, eliciting therapeutic effects in several animal models of disease. The CO releasing profile of this complex in different settings both in vitro and in vivo reveals that the compound can readily liberate all of its three CO equivalents under biological conditions. The compound has low toxicity and cytotoxicity and is not hemolytic. CO release is accompanied by a decrease in arterial blood pressure following administration in vivo. We studied its behavior in solution and upon the interaction with proteins. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon exposure to air and polyoxomolybdate formation in soaks with lysozyme crystals were observed as processes ensuing from the decomposition of the complex and the release of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D. Seixas
- Alfama Lda, Taguspark, núcleo central 267, 2740-122 Porto Salvo, Portugal
| | - Abhik Mukhopadhyay
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Teresa Santos-Silva
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - David J. Gallo
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Bruno H. Guerreiro
- Alfama Lda, Taguspark, núcleo central 267, 2740-122 Porto Salvo, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Penacho
- Alfama Lda, Taguspark, núcleo central 267, 2740-122 Porto Salvo, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Marques
- Alfama Lda, Taguspark, núcleo central 267, 2740-122 Porto Salvo, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M. Reis
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Romão
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos C. Romão
- Alfama Lda, Taguspark, núcleo central 267, 2740-122 Porto Salvo, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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1031
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Ren Y, D'Ambrosio MA, Garvin JL, Wang H, Carretero OA. Mechanism of inhibition of tubuloglomerular feedback by CO and cGMP. Hypertension 2013; 62:99-104. [PMID: 23648700 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is a mechanism that senses NaCl in the macula densa (MD) and causes constriction of the afferent arteriole. CO, either endogenous or exogenous, inhibits TGF at least in part via cGMP. We hypothesize that CO in the MD, acting via both cGMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms, attenuates TGF by acting downstream from depolarization and calcium entry into the MD cells. In vitro, microdissected rabbit afferent arterioles and their MD were simultaneously perfused and TGF was measured as the decrease in afferent arteriole diameter. MD depolarization was induced with ionophores, while adding the CO-releasing molecule-3 to the MD perfusate at nontoxic concentrations. CO-releasing molecule-3 blunted depolarization-induced TGF at 50 μmol/L, from 3.6±0.4 to 2.5±0.4 µm (P<0.01), and abolished it at 100 μmol/L, to 0.1±0.1 μm (P<0.001; n=6). When cGMP generation was blocked by guanylyl cyclase inhibitor LY83583 added to the MD, CO-releasing molecule-3 no longer affected depolarization-induced TGF at 50 μmol/L (2.9±0.4 versus 3.0±0.4 µm) but partially inhibited TGF at 100 μmol/L (to 1.3±0.2 μm; P<0.05; n=9). Experiments using eicosatetraynoic acid and indomethacin suggest arachidonic acid metabolites do not mediate the cGMP-independent effect of CO. We then added the calcium ionophore A23187 to the MD, which caused TGF (4.1±0.6 μmol/L); A23187-induced TGF was inhibited by CO-releasing molecule-3 at 50 μmol/L (1.9±0.6 μmol/L; P<0.01) and 100 μmol/L (0.2±0.5 μmol/L; P<0.001; n=6). We conclude that CO inhibits TGF acting downstream from depolarization and calcium entry, acting via cGMP at low concentrations, but additional mechanisms of action may be involved at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Ren
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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1032
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Chronic carbon monoxide treatment attenuates development of obesity and remodels adipocytes in mice fed a high-fat diet. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:132-9. [PMID: 23689359 PMCID: PMC3760985 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been demonstrated to result in chronic weight loss in several rodent models of obesity. However, the specific contribution of the HO metabolite, carbon monoxide (CO) to this response remains unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of chronic low level administration of a specific CO donor on the progression of obesity and its effects on metabolism and adipocyte biology in mice fed a high fat diet. Design Experiments were performed on C57BL/6J mice fed a high (60%) fat diet from 4 weeks until 30 weeks of age. Mice were administered either the CO donor, CORM-A1 (5 mg/kg, ip every other day) or the inactive form of the drug (iCORM-A1). Body weights were measured weekly and fasted blood glucose, insulin as well as body composition were measured every 6 weeks. Food intake, O2 consumption, CO2 production, activity, and body heat production were measured at 28 weeks after start of the experimental protocol. Results Chronic CORM-A1 attenuated the development of high fat induced obesity from 18 weeks until the end of the study. Chronic CORM-A1 treatment in mice fed a high fat diet resulted in significant decreases in fasted blood glucose, insulin, and body fat and increased O2 consumption, and heat production as compared to mice treated with iCORM-A1. Chronic CORM-A1 treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in adipocyte size and an increase in adipocyte number and in NRF1, PGC-1α, and UCP-1 protein levels in epidydmal fat. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that chronic CO treatment prevents the development of high fat diet induced obesity via stimulation of metabolism and remodeling of adipocytes.
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1033
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Jesse HE, Nye TL, McLean S, Green J, Mann BE, Poole RK. Cytochrome bd-I in Escherichia coli is less sensitive than cytochromes bd-II or bo'' to inhibition by the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, CORM-3: N-acetylcysteine reduces CO-RM uptake and inhibition of respiration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1693-703. [PMID: 23624261 PMCID: PMC3787766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) are potential therapeutic agents, able to deliver CO – a critical gasotransmitter – in biological environments. CO-RMs are also effective antimicrobial agents; although the mechanisms of action are poorly defined, haem-containing terminal oxidases are primary targets. Nevertheless, it is clear from several studies that the effects of CO-RMs on biological systems are frequently not adequately explained by the release of CO: CO-RMs are generally more potent inhibitors than is CO gas and other effects of the molecules are evident. Methods: Because sensitivity to CO-RMs cannot be predicted by sensitivity to CO gas, we assess the differential susceptibilities of strains, each expressing only one of the three terminal oxidases of E. coli — cytochrome bd-I, cytochrome bd-II and cytochrome bo′, to inhibition by CORM-3. We present the first sensitive measurement of the oxygen affinity of cytochrome bd-II (Km 0.24 μM) employing globin deoxygenation. Finally, we investigate the way(s) in which thiol compounds abolish the inhibitory effects of CORM-2 and CORM-3 on respiration, growth and viability, a phenomenon that is well documented, but poorly understood. Results: We show that a strain expressing cytochrome bd-I as the sole oxidase is least susceptible to inhibition by CORM-3 in its growth and respiration of both intact cells and membranes. Growth studies show that cytochrome bd-II has similar CORM-3 sensitivity to cytochrome bo′. Cytochromes bo′ and bd-II also have considerably lower affinities for oxygen than bd-I. We show that the ability of N-acetylcysteine to abrogate the toxic effects of CO-RMs is not attributable to its antioxidant effects, or prevention of CO targeting to the oxidases, but may be largely due to the inhibition of CO-RM uptake by bacterial cells. Conclusions: A strain expressing cytochrome bd-I as the sole terminal oxidase is least susceptible to inhibition by CORM-3. N-acetylcysteine is a potent inhibitor of CO-RM uptake by E. coli. General significance: Rational design and exploitation of CO-RMs require a fundamental understanding of their activity. CO and CO-RMs have multifaceted effects on mammalian and microbial cells; here we show that the quinol oxidases of E. coli are differentially sensitive to CORM-3. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins. Cytochrome bd-I is a CORM- insensitive heme-protein in E. coli. The oxygen affinity of the ‘third oxidase’, cytochrome bd-II is low (Km 0.24 μM). Non-thiol antioxidants do not prevent CO-RM-mediated inhibition of respiration. N-acetylcysteine reduces the uptake of CORM-2 and CORM-3 by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Jesse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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1034
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Zhang PX, Murray TS, Villella VR, Ferrari E, Esposito S, D'Souza A, Raia V, Maiuri L, Krause DS, Egan ME, Bruscia EM. Reduced caveolin-1 promotes hyperinflammation due to abnormal heme oxygenase-1 localization in lipopolysaccharide-challenged macrophages with dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5196-206. [PMID: 23606537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that TLR4 signaling is increased in LPS-stimulated cystic fibrosis (CF) macrophages (MΦs), contributing to the robust production of proinflammatory cytokines. The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/CO pathway modulates cellular redox status, inflammatory responses, and cell survival. The HO-1 enzyme, together with the scaffold protein caveolin 1 (CAV-1), also acts as a negative regulator of TLR4 signaling in MΦs. In this study, we demonstrate that in LPS-challenged CF MΦs, HO-1 does not compartmentalize normally to the cell surface and instead accumulates intracellularly. The abnormal HO-1 localization in CF MΦs in response to LPS is due to decreased CAV-1 expression, which is controlled by the cellular oxidative state, and is required for HO-1 delivery to the cell surface. Overexpression of HO-1 or stimulating the pathway with CO-releasing molecules enhances CAV-1 expression in CF MΦs, suggesting a positive-feed forward loop between HO-1/CO induction and CAV-1 expression. These manipulations re-established HO-1 and CAV-1 cell surface localization in CF MΦs. Consistent with restoration of HO-1/CAV-1-negative regulation of TLR4 signaling, genetic or pharmacological (CO-releasing molecule 2) induced enhancement of this pathway decreased the inflammatory response of CF MΦs and CF mice treated with LPS. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the counterregulatory HO-1/CO pathway, which is critical in balancing and limiting the inflammatory response, is defective in CF MΦs through a CAV-1-dependent mechanism, exacerbating the CF MΦ response to LPS. This pathway could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention for CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Xia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06509, USA
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1035
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Govender P, Pai S, Schatzschneider U, Smith GS. Next Generation PhotoCORMs: Polynuclear Tricarbonylmanganese(I)-Functionalized Polypyridyl Metallodendrimers. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5470-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400377k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preshendren Govender
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandesh Pai
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am
Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am
Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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1036
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Schallner N, Romão CC, Biermann J, Lagrèze WA, Otterbein LE, Buerkle H, Loop T, Goebel U. Carbon monoxide abrogates ischemic insult to neuronal cells via the soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60672. [PMID: 23593279 PMCID: PMC3620383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carbon monoxide (CO) is an accepted cytoprotective molecule. The extent and mechanisms of protection in neuronal systems have not been well studied. We hypothesized that delivery of CO via a novel releasing molecule (CORM) would impart neuroprotection in vivo against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and in vitro of neuronal SH-SY5Y-cells via activation of soluble guanylate-cyclase (sGC). Methods To mimic ischemic respiratory arrest, SH-SY5Y-cells were incubated with rotenone (100 nmol/L, 4 h) ± CORM ALF186 (10–100 µmol/L) or inactivated ALF186 lacking the potential of releasing CO. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed using flow-cytometry (Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential, CM-H2DCFDA) and Western blot (Caspase-3). The impact of ALF186± respiratory arrest on cell signaling was assessed by measuring expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and soluble guanylate-cyclase (sGC) and by analyzing cellular cGMP levels. The effect of ALF186 (10 mg/kg iv) on retinal IRI in Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed by measuring densities of fluorogold-labeled RGC after IRI and by analysis of apoptosis-related genes in retinal tissue. Results ALF186 but not inactivated ALF186 inhibited rotenone-induced apoptosis (Annexin V positive cells: 25±2% rotenone vs. 14±1% ALF186+rotenone, p<0.001; relative mitochondrial membrane potential: 17±4% rotenone vs. 55±3% ALF186+rotenone, p<0.05). ALF186 increased cellular cGMP levels (33±5 nmol/L vs. 23±3 nmol/L; p<0.05) and sGC expression. sGC-inhibition attenuated ALF186-mediated protection (relative mitochondrial membrane potential: 55±3% ALF186+rotenone vs. 20±1% ODQ+ALF186+rotenone, p<0.05). ALF186 protected RGC in vivo (IRI 1255±327 RGC/mm2 vs. ALF186+IRI 2036±83; p<0.05) while sGC inhibition abolished the protective effects of ALF186 (ALF186+IRI 2036±83 RGC/mm2 vs. NS-2028+ALF186+IRI 1263±170, p<0.05). Conclusions The CORM ALF186 inhibits IRI-induced neuronal cell death via activation of sGC and may be a useful treatment option for acute ischemic insults to the retina and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division for Experimental Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
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1037
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Onyiah JC, Sheikh SZ, Maharshak N, Steinbach EC, Russo SM, Kobayashi T, Mackey LC, Hansen JJ, Moeser AJ, Rawls JF, Borst LB, Otterbein LE, Plevy SE. Carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase-1 prevent intestinal inflammation in mice by promoting bacterial clearance. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:789-98. [PMID: 23266559 PMCID: PMC3608700 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its metabolic by-product, carbon monoxide (CO), protect against intestinal inflammation in experimental models of colitis, but little is known about their intestinal immune mechanisms. We investigated the interactions among CO, HO-1, and the enteric microbiota in mice and zebrafish. METHODS Germ-free, wild-type, and interleukin (Il)10(-/-) mice and germ-free zebrafish embryos were colonized with specific pathogen-free (SPF) microbiota. Germ-free or SPF-raised wild-type and Il10(-/-) mice were given intraperitoneal injections of cobalt(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride (CoPP), which up-regulates HO-1, the CO-releasing molecule Alfama-186, or saline (control). Colitis was induced in wild-type mice housed in SPF conditions by infection with Salmonella typhimurium. RESULTS In colons of germ-free, wild-type mice, SPF microbiota induced production of HO-1 via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-, IL-10-, and Toll-like receptor-dependent pathways; similar observations were made in zebrafish. SPF microbiota did not induce HO-1 in colons of germ-free Il10(-/-) mice. Administration of CoPP to Il10(-/-) mice before transition from germ-free to SPF conditions reduced their development of colitis. In Il10(-/-) mice, CO and CoPP reduced levels of enteric bacterial genomic DNA in mesenteric lymph nodes. In mice with S typhimurium-induced enterocolitis, CoPP reduced the numbers of live S typhimurium recovered from the lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Knockdown of HO-1 in mouse macrophages impaired their bactericidal activity against E coli, E faecalis, and S typhimurium, whereas exposure to CO or overexpression of HO-1 increased their bactericidal activity. HO-1 induction and CO increased acidification of phagolysosomes. CONCLUSIONS Colonic HO-1 prevents colonic inflammation in mice. HO-1 is induced by the enteric microbiota and its homeostatic function is mediated, in part, by promoting bactericidal activities of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Onyiah
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Shehzad Z. Sheikh
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Erin C. Steinbach
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Steven M. Russo
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Lantz C. Mackey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jonathan J. Hansen
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Adam J. Moeser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Luke B. Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Leo E. Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 022155
| | - Scott E. Plevy
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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1038
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Ma M, Noei H, Mienert B, Niesel J, Bill E, Muhler M, Fischer RA, Wang Y, Schatzschneider U, Metzler-Nolte N. Iron metal-organic frameworks MIL-88B and NH2-MIL-88B for the loading and delivery of the gasotransmitter carbon monoxide. Chemistry 2013; 19:6785-90. [PMID: 23536364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Crystals of MIL-88B-Fe and NH2-MIL-88B-Fe were prepared by a new rapid microwave-assisted solvothermal method. High-purity, spindle-shaped crystals of MIL-88B-Fe with a length of about 2 μm and a diameter of 1 μm and needle-shaped crystals of NH2-MIL-88B-Fe with a length of about 1.5 μm and a diameter of 300 nm were produced with uniform size and excellent crystallinity. The possibility to reduce the as-prepared frameworks and the chemical capture of carbon monoxide in these materials was studied by in situ ultrahigh vacuum Fourier-transform infrared (UHV-FTIR) spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. CO binding occurs to unsaturated coordination sites (CUS). The release of CO from the as-prepared materials was studied by a myoglobin assay in physiological buffer. The release of CO from crystals of MIL-88B-Fe with t(1/2) = 38 min and from crystals of NH2-MIL-88B-Fe with t(1/2) = 76 min were found to be controlled by the degradation of the MIL materials under physiological conditions. These MIL-88B-Fe and NH2-MIL-88B-Fe materials show good biocompatibility and have the potential to be used in pharmacological and therapeutic applications as carriers and delivery vehicles for the gasotransmitter carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Ma
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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1039
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Ryter SW, Choi AMK. Carbon monoxide: present and future indications for a medical gas. Korean J Intern Med 2013; 28:123-40. [PMID: 23525151 PMCID: PMC3604600 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2013.28.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaseous molecules continue to hold new promise in molecular medicine as experimental and clinical therapeutics. The low molecular weight gas carbon monoxide (CO), and similar gaseous molecules (e.g., H2S, nitric oxide) have been implicated as potential inhalation therapies in inflammatory diseases. At high concentration, CO represents a toxic inhalation hazard, and is a common component of air pollution. CO is also produced endogenously as a product of heme degradation catalyzed by heme oxygenase enzymes. CO binds avidly to hemoglobin, causing hypoxemia and decreased oxygen delivery to tissues at high concentrations. At physiological concentrations, CO may have endogenous roles as a signal transduction molecule in the regulation of neural and vascular function and cellular homeostasis. CO has been demonstrated to act as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in preclinical animal models of inflammation, acute lung injury, sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and organ transplantation. Additional experimental indications for this gas include pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, metabolic diseases, and preeclampsia. The development of chemical CO releasing compounds constitutes a novel pharmaceutical approach to CO delivery with demonstrated effectiveness in sepsis models. Current and pending clinical evaluation will determine the usefulness of this gas as a therapeutic in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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1040
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), a low molecular weight gas, is a ubiquitous environmental product of organic combustion, which is also produced endogenously in the body, as the byproduct of heme metabolism. CO binds to hemoglobin, resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to bodily tissues at toxicological concentrations. At physiological concentrations, CO may have endogenous roles as a potential signaling mediator in vascular function and cellular homeostasis. Exhaled CO (eCO), similar to exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), has been evaluated as a candidate breath biomarker of pathophysiological states, including smoking status, and inflammatory diseases of the lung and other organs. eCO values have been evaluated as potential indicators of inflammation in asthma, stable COPD and exacerbations, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, or during surgery or critical care. The utility of eCO as a marker of inflammation and its potential diagnostic value remain incompletely characterized. Among other candidate 'medicinal gases' with therapeutic potential, (e.g., NO and H2S), CO has been shown to act as an effective anti-inflammatory agent in preclinical animal models of inflammatory disease, acute lung injury, sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion injury and organ graft rejection. Current and future clinical trials will evaluate the clinical applicability of this gas as a biomarker and/or therapeutic in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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1041
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Liebl U, Lambry JC, Vos MH. Primary processes in heme-based sensor proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1684-92. [PMID: 23485911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A wide and still rapidly increasing range of heme-based sensor proteins has been discovered over the last two decades. At the molecular level, these proteins function as bistable switches in which the catalytic activity of an enzymatic domain is altered mostly by binding or dissociation of small gaseous ligands (O2, NO or CO) to the heme in a sensor domain. The initial "signal" at the heme level is subsequently transmitted within the protein to the catalytic site, ultimately leading to adapted expression levels of specific proteins. Making use of the photolability of the heme-ligand bond that mimics thermal dissociation, early processes in this intra-protein signaling pathway can be followed using ultrafast optical spectroscopic techniques; they also occur on timescales accessible to molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental studies performed over the last decade on proteins including the sensors FixL (O2), CooA (CO) and soluble guanylate cyclase (NO) are reviewed with an emphasis on emerging general mechanisms. After heme-ligand bond breaking, the ligand can escape from the heme pocket and eventually from the protein, or rebind directly to the heme. Remarkably, in all sensor proteins the rebinding, specifically of the sensed ligand, is highly efficient. This "ligand trap" property possibly provides means to smoothen the effects of fast environmental fluctuations on the switching frequency. For 6-coordinate proteins, where exchange between an internal heme-bound residue and external gaseous ligands occurs, the study of early processes starting from the unliganded form indicates that mobility of the internal ligand may facilitate signal transfer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Liebl
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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1042
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Rudolf P, Kanal F, Knorr J, Nagel C, Niesel J, Brixner T, Schatzschneider U, Nuernberger P. Ultrafast Photochemistry of a Manganese-Tricarbonyl CO-Releasing Molecule (CORM) in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:596-602. [PMID: 26281872 DOI: 10.1021/jz302061q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet irradiation of a manganese-tricarbonyl CO-releasing molecule (CORM) in water eventually leads to the liberation of some of the carbon monoxide ligands. By ultraviolet pump/mid-infrared probe femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations, we could disclose for the exemplary compound [Mn(CO)3(tpm)](+) (tpm = tris(2-pyrazolyl)methane) that only one of the three carbonyl ligands is photochemically dissociated on an ultrafast time scale and that some molecules may undergo geminate recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rudolf
- †Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Kanal
- †Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Knorr
- †Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nagel
- †Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Niesel
- †Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- †Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- †Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- †Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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1043
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Garcı́a-López JA, Oliva-Madrid MJ, Saura-Llamas I, Bautista D, Vicente J. Room-Temperature Isolation of Palladium(II) Organocarbonyl Intermediates in the Synthesis of Eight-Membered Lactams after Alkyne/CO Sequential Insertions. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301241n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José-Antonio Garcı́a-López
- Grupo de Quı́mica
Organometálica, Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de
Quı́mica, Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marı́a-José Oliva-Madrid
- Grupo de Quı́mica
Organometálica, Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de
Quı́mica, Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Saura-Llamas
- Grupo de Quı́mica
Organometálica, Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de
Quı́mica, Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José Vicente
- Grupo de Quı́mica
Organometálica, Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de
Quı́mica, Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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1044
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Carbon monoxide: Mechanisms of action and potential clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:133-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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1045
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Schimler SD, Hall DJ, Debbert SL. Anticancer (hexacarbonyldicobalt)propargyl aryl ethers: Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, apoptosis induction, and effect on cellular oxidative stress. J Inorg Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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1046
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Mechanisms of the vasorelaxing effects of CORM-3, a water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule: interactions with eNOS. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:185-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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1047
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Carrington SJ, Chakraborty I, Mascharak PK. Rapid CO release from a Mn(i) carbonyl complex derived from azopyridine upon exposure to visible light and its phototoxicity toward malignant cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11254-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46558f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1048
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Diring S, Wang DO, Kim C, Kondo M, Chen Y, Kitagawa S, Kamei KI, Furukawa S. Localized cell stimulation by nitric oxide using a photoactive porous coordination polymer platform. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2684. [PMID: 24158008 PMCID: PMC3826626 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional cellular substrates for localized cell stimulation by small molecules provide an opportunity to control and monitor cell signalling networks chemically in time and space. However, despite improvements in the controlled delivery of bioactive compounds, the precise localization of gaseous biomolecules at the single-cell level remains challenging. Here we target nitric oxide, a crucial signalling molecule with site-specific and concentration-dependent activities, and we report a synthetic strategy for developing spatiotemporally controllable nitric oxide-releasing platforms based on photoactive porous coordination polymers. By organizing molecules with poor reactivity into polymer structures, we observe increased photoreactivity and adjustable release using light irradiation. We embed photoactive polymer crystals in a biocompatible matrix and achieve precisely controlled nitric oxide delivery at the cellular level via localized two-photon laser activation. The biological relevance of the exogenous nitric oxide produced by this strategy is evidenced by an intracellular change in calcium concentration, mediated by nitric oxide-responsive plasma membrane channel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Diring
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chiwon Kim
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Kamei
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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1049
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Peng P, Wang C, Shi Z, Johns VK, Ma L, Oyer J, Copik A, Igarashi R, Liao Y. Visible-light activatable organic CO-releasing molecules (PhotoCORMs) that simultaneously generate fluorophores. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6671-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41385c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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1050
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Long L, Jiang X, Wang X, Xiao Z, Liu X. Water-soluble diiron hexacarbonyl complex as a CO-RM: controllable CO-releasing, releasing mechanism and biocompatibility. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15663-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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