1051
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Henrotin Y, Clutterbuck AL, Allaway D, Lodwig EM, Harris P, Mathy-Hartert M, Shakibaei M, Mobasheri A. Biological actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:141-9. [PMID: 19836480 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the principal biochemical component of the spice turmeric and has been shown to possess potent anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, properties. This article aims to provide a summary of the actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes from the available literature with the use of a text-mining tool. We highlight both the potential benefits and drawbacks of using this chemopreventive agent for treating osteoarthritis (OA). We also explore the recent literature on the molecular mechanisms of curcumin mediated alterations in gene expression mediated via activator protein 1 (AP-1)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signalling in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts. METHODS A computer-aided search of the PubMed/Medline database aided by a text-mining tool to interrogate the ResNet Mammalian database 6.0. RESULTS Recent work has shown that curcumin protects human chondrocytes from the catabolic actions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 up-regulation, inhibition of collagen type II and down-regulation of beta1-integrin expression. Curcumin blocks IL-1beta-induced proteoglycan degradation, AP-1/NF-kappaB signalling, chondrocyte apoptosis and activation of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS The available data from published in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that curcumin may be a beneficial complementary treatment for OA in humans and companion animals. Nevertheless, before initiating extensive clinical trials, more basic research is required to improve its solubility, absorption and bioavailability and gain additional information about its safety and efficacy in different species. Once these obstacles have been overcome, curcumin and structurally related biochemicals may become safer and more suitable nutraceutical alternatives to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are currently used for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Henrotin
- University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
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1052
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Caselli M, Ferrari E, Imbriano C, Pignedoli F, Saladini M, Ponterini G. Probing solute–solvent hydrogen bonding with fluorescent water-soluble curcuminoids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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1053
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Demethoxycurcumin suppresses migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 627:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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1054
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Sethi P, Dua VK, Mohanty S, Mishra SK, Jain R, Edwards G. Development and Validation of a Reversed Phase HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Curcumin and Piperine in Human Plasma for Application in Clinical Pharmacological Studies. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903320178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Sethi
- a National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Sector-III , Hardwar, India
| | - Virendra K. Dua
- a National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Sector-III , Hardwar, India
| | - S. Mohanty
- b ISPAT General Hospital, Rourkela, Rourkela Steel Plant , Orissa, India
| | - S. K. Mishra
- b ISPAT General Hospital, Rourkela, Rourkela Steel Plant , Orissa, India
| | - Rajeev Jain
- c Chemistry Department , Jiwaji University , Gwalior, India
| | - G. Edwards
- d Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Liverpool , Liverpool, U. K
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1055
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Dhillon N, Sung B, Kurzrock R, Aggarwal BB. Could Antitumor Activity of Curcumin in Patients Be due to Its Metabolites? A Response: Fig. 1. Clin Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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1056
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Shen L, Ji HF. Contribution of Degradation Products to the Anticancer Activity of Curcumin. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7108; author reply 7108-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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1057
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Mohammadi F, Bordbar AK, Divsalar A, Mohammadi K, Saboury AA. Interaction of curcumin and diacetylcurcumin with the lipocalin member beta-lactoglobulin. Protein J 2009; 28:117-23. [PMID: 19189206 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-009-9171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The binding of curcumin (CUR) and diacetylcurcumin (DAC) to bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) genetic variant B was investigated by fluorescence and circular dichroism techniques. The binding parameters including number of substantive binding sites and the binding constants have been evaluated by fluorescence quenching method. The distance (r) between donor (BLG) and acceptor (CUR and DAC) was obtained according to the Förster's theory of non-radiative energy transfer. The far-UV circular dichroism spectra were used to investigate the possible changes in the secondary structure of BLG in the presence of CUR and DAC and showed that these two ligands change the alpha-helix and random coil contents of this protein to some extent. The visible circular dichroism spectra indicated that the optical activity during the ligand binding was observed due to the induced-protein chirality. All of the achieved results suggested the important role of the phenolic OH group of CUR in the binding process resulted in more affinity of CUR than DAC for binding to BLG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhrossadat Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
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1058
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Shen L, Ji HF. Insights into the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by curcumin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5990-3. [PMID: 19800788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a natural pigment, curcumin exhibits multiple biological activities. Previous studies have investigated the inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) by curcumin. In the present work, based on the molecular docking simulations, it is interesting to find that parent curcumin binds weakly to XO, while its degradation products, for example, trans-6-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dioxo-5-hexenal, exhibit effective inhibitory activities against XO. The findings shed new light on the underlying mechanisms of curcumin in inhibiting XO and also have potential implication that both parent curcumin and its degradation products should be taken into account when exploring the mechanisms of curcumin's biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Center for Advanced Study, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
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1059
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Singh R, Tønnesen HH, Vogensen SB, Loftsson T, Másson M. Studies of curcumin and curcuminoids. XXXVI. The stoichiometry and complexation constants of cyclodextrin complexes as determined by the phase-solubility method and UV–Vis titration. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1060
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Barry J, Fritz M, Brender JR, Smith PES, Lee DK, Ramamoorthy A. Determining the effects of lipophilic drugs on membrane structure by solid-state NMR spectroscopy: the case of the antioxidant curcumin. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4490-8. [PMID: 19256547 DOI: 10.1021/ja809217u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the active ingredient of turmeric powder, a natural spice used for generations in traditional medicines. Curcumin's broad spectrum of antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, and anti-inflammatory properties makes it particularly interesting for the development of pharmaceutical compounds. Because of curcumin's various effects on the function of numerous unrelated membrane proteins, it has been suggested that it affects the properties of the bilayer itself. However, a detailed atomic-level study of the interaction of curcumin with membranes has not been attempted. A combination of solid-state NMR and differential scanning calorimetry experiments shows curcumin has a strong effect on membrane structure at low concentrations. Curcumin inserts deep into the membrane in a transbilayer orientation, anchored by hydrogen bonding to the phosphate group of lipids in a manner analogous to cholesterol. Like cholesterol, curcumin induces segmental ordering in the membrane. Analysis of the concentration dependence of the order parameter profile derived from NMR results suggests curcumin forms higher order oligomeric structures in the membrane that span and likely thin the bilayer. Curcumin promotes the formation of the highly curved inverted hexagonal phase, which may influence exocytotic and membrane fusion processes within the cell. The experiments outlined here show promise for understanding the action of other drugs such as capsaicin in which drug-induced alterations of membrane structure have strong pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Barry
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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1061
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Basile V, Ferrari E, Lazzari S, Belluti S, Pignedoli F, Imbriano C. Curcumin derivatives: molecular basis of their anti-cancer activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:1305-15. [PMID: 19580791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a phenolic compound from the plant Curcuma longa L., has shown a wide-spectrum of chemopreventive, antioxidant and antitumor properties. Although its promising chemotherapeutic activity, preclinical and clinical studies highlight Curcumin limited therapeutic application due to its instability in physiological conditions. To improve its stability and activity, many derivatives have been synthesized and studied, among which bis-DemethoxyCurcumin (bDMC) and diAcetylCurcumin (DAC). In this report, we show that both bDMC and DAC are more stable than Curcumin in physiological medium. To explore the mechanism of their chemotherapeutic effect, we studied their role in proliferation in the HCT116 human colon cancer cells. We correlated kinetic stability and cellular uptake data to their biological effects. Both bDMC and DAC impair correct spindles formation and induce a p53- and p21(CIP1/WAF1)-independent mitotic arrest, which is more stable and long-lasting for bDMC. A subsequent p53/p21(CIP1/WAF1)-dependent inhibition of G1 to S transition is triggered by Curcumin and DAC as a consequence of the mitotic slippage, preventing post-mitotic cells from re-entering the cell cycle. Conversely, the G1/S arrest induced by bDMC is a direct effect of the drug and concomitant to the mitotic block. Finally, we demonstrate that bDMC induces rapid DNA double-strand breaks, moving for its possible development in anti-cancer clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Basile
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, 41100 Modena, Italy
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1062
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Aggarwal BB. Response to Kurien and Scofield: Solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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1063
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Shahiduzzaman M, Dyachenko V, Khalafalla RE, Desouky AY, Daugschies A. Effects of curcumin on Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:1155-61. [PMID: 19557435 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite having peculiarities among the apicomplexa that could be responsible for its resistance to some drugs and disinfectants against coccidia. The awareness of Cryptosporidium as a health problem in man and animal is increasing and potent drugs are urgently needed. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has been found to be active against a variety of diseases including anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and antiprotozoal effects. We investigated the effects of curcumin on infectivity and development of C. parvum in a recently established in vitro system combining infection of human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cell cultures with quantification of intracellular parasites by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Curcumin was found to be effective (>95% inhibition of parasite growth) at 50 microM for 24 h when infected cultures were exposed for more than 12 h. Withdrawal of curcumin after 24 h of exposure did not result in a significant resumption of C. parvum growth. The invasion of host cells by sporozoites (infectivity) was found to be inhibited at least 65% in the presence of 200 microM curcumin. No significant reduction of viability of C. parvum oocysts after incubation with curcumin was recorded. Altogether, curcumin showed promising anticryptosporidial effects under in vitro conditions and deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahiduzzaman
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 35, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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1064
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Analysis of Binding Interaction of Curcumin and Diacetylcurcumin with Human and Bovine Serum Albumin Using Fluorescence and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Protein J 2009; 28:189-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-009-9184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1065
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Priyadarsini KI. Photophysics, photochemistry and photobiology of curcumin: Studies from organic solutions, bio-mimetics and living cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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1066
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Leung MHM, Kee TW. Effective stabilization of curcumin by association to plasma proteins: human serum albumin and fibrinogen. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5773-5777. [PMID: 19320475 DOI: 10.1021/la804215v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of curcumin as an effective wound healing agent is of significant interest currently. It is well established that curcumin undergoes rapid degradation in physiological buffer by hydrolysis. The means by which curcumin is stabilized at the wound site to enable healing is poorly understood because blood plasma is composed of approximately 92% water. Plasma proteins, which constitute the remaining 6-8%, has been shown to stabilize curcumin. It is, however, still unclear which proteins are responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, the effects of major plasma proteins, which include human serum albumin (HSA), fibrinogen, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and transferrin, on stabilizing curcumin are investigated. In particular, we investigate their effects on the hydrolysis of curcumin at pH 7.4. In the presence of both transferrin and IgG, curcumin continues to undergo rapid hydrolysis but this reaction is suppressed by the presence of either HSA or fibrinogen with an impressive yield of approximately 95%. Furthermore, the binding constants of curcumin to HSA and fibrinogen are on the order of 10(4) and 10(5) M(-1), respectively. The binding constants of transferrin and IgG, however, are at least 1 order of magnitude less than those of HSA and fibrinogen. The results support that strong binding occurs at the hydrophobic moieties of HSA and fibrinogen, excluding water access. Therefore, strong interactions with HSA and fibrinogen inhibit hydrolysis of curcumin and in turn lead to effective suppression of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy H M Leung
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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1067
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Merrell JG, McLaughlin SW, Tie L, Laurencin CT, Chen AF, Nair LS. Curcumin-loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanofibres: diabetic wound dressing with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:1149-56. [PMID: 19473187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1. Curcumin is a naturally occurring poly-phenolic compound with a broad range of favourable biological functions, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The low bioavailability and in vivo stability of curcumin require the development of suitable carrier vehicles to deliver the molecule in a sustained manner at therapeutic levels. 2. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility and potential of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibres as a delivery vehicle for curcumin for wound healing applications. By optimizing the electrospinning parameters, bead-free curcumin-loaded PCL nanofibres were developed. 3. The fibres showed sustained release of curcumin for 72 h and could be made to deliver a dose much lower than the reported cytotoxic concentration while remaining bioactive. Human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF-1) showed more than 70% viability on curcumin-loaded nanofibres. 4. The anti-oxidant activity of curcumin-loaded nanofibres was demonstrated using an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and by the ability of the fibres to maintain the viability of HFF-1 cells under conditions of oxidative stress. 5. The curcumin-loaded nanofibres also reduced inflammatory induction, as evidenced by low levels of interleukin-6 release from mouse monocyte-macrophages seeded onto the fibres following stimulation by Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide. 6. The in vivo wound healing capability of the curcumin loaded PCL nanofibres was demonstrated by an increased rate of wound closure in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model. 7. These results demonstrate that the curcumin-loaded PCL nanofibre matrix is bioactive and has potential as a wound dressing with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Merrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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1068
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Barry J, Fritz M, Brender JR, Smith PES, Lee DK, Ramamoorthy A. Determining the effects of lipophilic drugs on membrane structure by solid-state NMR spectroscopy: the case of the antioxidant curcumin. J Am Chem Soc 2009. [PMID: 19256547 DOI: 10.1021/ja809217u.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the active ingredient of turmeric powder, a natural spice used for generations in traditional medicines. Curcumin's broad spectrum of antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, and anti-inflammatory properties makes it particularly interesting for the development of pharmaceutical compounds. Because of curcumin's various effects on the function of numerous unrelated membrane proteins, it has been suggested that it affects the properties of the bilayer itself. However, a detailed atomic-level study of the interaction of curcumin with membranes has not been attempted. A combination of solid-state NMR and differential scanning calorimetry experiments shows curcumin has a strong effect on membrane structure at low concentrations. Curcumin inserts deep into the membrane in a transbilayer orientation, anchored by hydrogen bonding to the phosphate group of lipids in a manner analogous to cholesterol. Like cholesterol, curcumin induces segmental ordering in the membrane. Analysis of the concentration dependence of the order parameter profile derived from NMR results suggests curcumin forms higher order oligomeric structures in the membrane that span and likely thin the bilayer. Curcumin promotes the formation of the highly curved inverted hexagonal phase, which may influence exocytotic and membrane fusion processes within the cell. The experiments outlined here show promise for understanding the action of other drugs such as capsaicin in which drug-induced alterations of membrane structure have strong pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Barry
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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1069
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Synthesis, cytotoxic and combined cDDP activity of new stable curcumin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3043-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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1070
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Shaikh J, Ankola DD, Beniwal V, Singh D, Kumar MNVR. Nanoparticle encapsulation improves oral bioavailability of curcumin by at least 9-fold when compared to curcumin administered with piperine as absorption enhancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:223-30. [PMID: 19491009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a derived product from common spice turmeric that is safe and beneficial in several aliments was formulated into biodegradable nanoparticles with a view to improve its oral bioavailability. The curcumin encapsulated nanoparticles prepared by emulsion technique were spherical in shape with particle size of 264nm (polydispersity index 0.31) and 76.9% entrapment at 15% loading. The curcumin encapsulated nanoparticles were able to withstand the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) accelerated stability test conditions for refrigerated products for the studied duration of 3 months. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the encapsulated curcumin. The in vitro release was predominantly by diffusion phenomenon and followed Higuchi's release pattern. The in vivo pharmacokinetics revealed that curcumin entrapped nanoparticles demonstrate at least 9-fold increase in oral bioavailability when compared to curcumin administered with piperine as absorption enhancer. Together the results clearly indicate the promise of nanoparticles for oral delivery of poorly bioavailable molecules like curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
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1071
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Pullakhandam R, Srinivas PNBS, Nair MK, Reddy GB. Binding and stabilization of transthyretin by curcumin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 485:115-9. [PMID: 19268650 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical evidences suggest that transthyretin (TTR) tetramer dissociation to the monomeric intermediate and subsequent polymerization leads to amyloid fibril formation, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) and senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA). Hence, inhibition of fibril formation is considered a potential therapeutic strategy. Here in we demonstrate that curcumin, a phenolic constituent of curry spice turmeric, binds to the active site of TTR through fluorescence quenching and ANS displacement studies. Binding of curcumin appears to inhibit the denaturant induced tertiary and quaternary structural changes in TTR as monitored by intrinsic emission fluorescence and glutaraldehyde cross-linking studies. However, curcumin did not bind to TTR at acidic pH. Protonation/ isomerization of the side chain oxygen atoms of curcumin at low pH might hamper the binding. These results suggest that curcumin binds to and stabilizes TTR thereby highlight the importance of the side chain conformations of the ligand in binding to TTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Pullakhandam
- National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500604, India
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1072
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Villegas I, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Alarcón de la Lastra C. New mechanisms and therapeutic potential of curcumin for colorectal cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 52:1040-61. [PMID: 18655004 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa. Over the last few years, a number of studies have provided evidence of its main pharmacological properties including chemosensitizing, radiosensitizing, wound healing activities, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungical, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. More recent data provide interesting insights into the effect of this compound on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. In fact, preclinical studies have shown its ability to inhibit carcinogenesis in various types of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). Curcumin has the capacity of interact with multiple molecular targets affecting the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Also, curcumin is able to arrest the cell cycle, to inhibit the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress and to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Likewise, it has been shown to possess marked antiangiogenic properties. Furthermore, curcumin potentiates the growth inhibitory effect of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors and traditional chemotherapy agents implicating another promising therapy regimen in the future treatment of CRC. However, its clinical advance has been hindered by its short biological half-life and low bioavailability after oral administration. This review is intended to provide the reader an update of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of curcumin and describes the recently identified molecular pathways responsible of its anticancer potential in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Villegas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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1073
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Fuchs JR, Pandit B, Bhasin D, Etter JP, Regan N, Abdelhamid D, Li C, Lin J, Li PK. Structure-activity relationship studies of curcumin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2065-9. [PMID: 19249204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Two series of curcumin analogues, a total of twenty-four compounds, were synthesized and evaluated. The most potent compound, compound 23, showed potent growth inhibitory activities on both prostate and breast cancer lines with IC(50) values in sub-micromolar range, fifty times more potent than curcumin. Curcumin analogues might be potential anti-tumor agents for breast and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Fuchs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 338 Parks Hall, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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1074
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Radnai B, Tucsek Z, Bognar Z, Antus C, Mark L, Berente Z, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Veres B. Ferulaldehyde, a water-soluble degradation product of polyphenols, inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in mice. J Nutr 2009; 139:291-7. [PMID: 19106314 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.097386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiinflammatory properties of polyphenols in natural products, traditional medicines, and healthy foods were recently attributed to highly soluble metabolites produced by the microflora of the intestines rather than the polyphenols themselves. To provide experimental basis for this hypothesis, we measured antiinflammatory properties of ferulaldehyde (FA), a natural intermediate of polyphenol metabolism of intestinal microflora, in a murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock model. We found that intraperitoneally administered FA (6 mg/kg) prolonged the lifespan of LPS-treated (40 mg/kg) mice, decreased the inflammatory response detected by T(2)-weighted in vivo MRI, decreased early proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, and increased the antiinflammatory IL-10 in the sera of the mice. Additionally, FA inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB transcription factor in the liver of the mice. According to our data, these effects were probably due to attenuating LPS-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and Akt. Furthermore, FA decreased free radical and nitrite production in LPS plus interferon-gamma-treated primary mouse hepatocytes, whose effects are expected to contribute to its antiinflammatory property. These data provide direct in vivo evidence, that a water-soluble degradation product of polyphenols could be responsible for, or at least could significantly contribute to, the beneficial antiinflammatory effects of polyphenol-containing healthy foods, natural products, and traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Radnai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
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1075
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Conboy L, Foley AG, O'Boyle NM, Lawlor M, Gallagher HC, Murphy KJ, Regan CM. Curcumin-induced degradation of PKC delta is associated with enhanced dentate NCAM PSA expression and spatial learning in adult and aged Wistar rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 77:1254-65. [PMID: 19161989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polysialylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM PSA) is necessary for the consolidation processes of hippocampus-based learning. Previously, we have found inhibition of protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) to be associated with increased polysialyltransferase (PST) activity, suggesting inhibitors of this kinase might ameliorate cognitive deficits. Using a rottlerin template, a drug previously considered an inhibitor of PKCdelta, we searched the Compounds Available for Purchase (CAP) database with the Accelrys((R)) Catalyst programme for structurally similar molecules and, using the available crystal structure of the phorbol-binding domain of PKCdelta, found that diferuloylmethane (curcumin) docked effectively into the phorbol site. Curcumin increased NCAM PSA expression in cultured neuro-2A neuroblastoma cells and this was inversely related to PKCdelta protein expression. Curcumin did not directly inhibit PKCdelta activity but formed a tight complex with the enzyme. With increasing doses of curcumin, the Tyr(131) residue of PKCdelta, which is known to direct its degradation, became progressively phosphorylated and this was associated with numerous Tyr(131)-phospho-PKCdelta fragments. Chronic administration of curcumin in vivo also increased the frequency of polysialylated cells in the dentate infragranular zone and significantly improved the acquisition and consolidation of a water maze spatial learning paradigm in both adult and aged cohorts of Wistar rats. These results further confirm the role of PKCdelta in regulating PST and NCAM PSA expression and provide evidence that drug modulation of this system enhances the process of memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Conboy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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1076
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Phattanawasin P, Sotanaphun U, Sriphong L. Validated TLC-Image Analysis Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Curcuminoids in Curcuma longa. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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1077
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Quitschke WW. Differential solubility of curcuminoids in serum and albumin solutions: implications for analytical and therapeutic applications. BMC Biotechnol 2008; 8:84. [PMID: 18990234 PMCID: PMC2612664 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-8-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercially available curcumin preparations contain a mixture of related polyphenols, collectively referred to as curcuminoids. These encompass the primary component curcumin along with its co-purified derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcuminoids have numerous biological activities, including inhibition of cancer related cell proliferation and reduction of amyloid plaque formation associated with Alzheimer disease. Unfortunately, the solubility of curcuminoids in aqueous solutions is exceedingly low. This restricts their systemic availability in orally administered formulations and limits their therapeutic potential. Results Methods are described that achieve high concentrations of soluble curcuminoids in serum. Solid curcuminoids were either mixed directly with serum, or they were predissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and added as aliquots to serum. Both methods resulted in high levels of curcuminoid-solubility in mammalian sera from different species. However, adding aliquots of dimethyl sulfoxide-dissolved curcuminoids to serum proved to be more efficient, producing soluble curcuminoid concentrations of at least 3 mM in human serum. The methods also resulted in the differential solubility of individual curcuminoids in serum. The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide-dissolved curcuminoids to serum preferentially solubilized curcumin, whereas adding solid curcuminoids predominantly solubilized bisdemethoxycurcumin. Either method of solubilization was equally effective in inhibiting dose-dependent HeLa cell proliferation in culture. The maximum concentration of curcuminoids achieved in serum was at least 100-fold higher than that required for inhibiting cell proliferation in culture and 1000-fold higher than the concentration that has been reported to prevent amyloid plaque formation associated with Alzheimer disease. Curcuminoids were also highly soluble in solutions of purified albumin, a major component of serum. Conclusion These results suggest the possibility of alternative therapeutic approaches by injection or infusion of relatively small amounts of curcuminoid-enriched serum. They also provide tools to reproducibly solubilize curcuminoids for analysis in cell culture applications. The differential solubility of curcuminoids achieved by different methods of solubilization offers convenient alternatives to assess the diverse biological effects contributed by curcumin and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W Quitschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8101, USA.
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1078
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Synthesis, chemical and biological studies on new Fe3+-glycosilated β-diketo complexes for the treatment of iron deficiency. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2549-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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1079
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Exploration and synthesis of curcumin analogues with improved structural stability both in vitro and in vivo as cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:2623-31. [PMID: 19243951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has a surprisingly wide range of chemo-preventive and chemo-therapeutic activities and is under investigation for the treatment of various human cancers. However, the clinical application of curcumin has been significantly limited by its instability and poor metabolic property. Although a number of synthetic modifications of curcumin have been studied intensively in order to develop a molecule with enhanced bioactivities, few synthetic studies were done for the improvement of pharmacokinetic profiles. In the present study, a series of mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin were designed and synthesized by deleting the reactive beta-diketone moiety, which was considered to be responsible for the pharmacokinetic limitation of curcumin. The results of the in vitro stability studies and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the stability of these mono-carbonyl analogues was greatly enhanced in vitro and their pharmacokinetic profiles were also significantly improved in vivo. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activities of mono-carbonyl analogues were evaluated in seven different tumor cell lines by MTT assay and the structure-activity relation (SAR) was discussed and concluded. The results suggest that the five-carbon linker-containing analogues of curcumin may be favorable for the curcumin-based drug development both pharmacokinetically and pharmacologically.
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1080
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Salmaso S, Bersani S, Semenzato A, Caliceti P. New cyclodextrin bioconjugates for active tumour targeting. J Drug Target 2008; 15:379-90. [PMID: 17613656 DOI: 10.1080/10611860701349752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new cyclodextrin-based carrier for active targeting of low soluble and degradable drugs has been synthesized and characterized. Beta-cyclodextrins were first reacted with excess hexamethylene diisocyanate and the resulting CD-(C6-NCO)5 derivative was reacted with 700 Da diamino-PEG to yield CD-(C6-PEG-NH2)5. About one out of five free amino groups of PEG were functionalised with folic acid (FA) as a tumour targeting moiety. The chemical structures of the intermediates as well as the final product, CD-(C6-PEG)5-FA, were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, reverse phase and gel permeation chromatography, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. After modification, the haemolytic activity of beta-cyclodextrins decreased by about 70%. In the presence of the new carrier, the beta-estradiol solubility increased by more than 300 fold and the chlorambucil degradation rate decreased by 50-60%. CD-(C6-PEG)5-FA formed an inclusion complex with curcumin displaying an association constant of 954,732 M(-1). The new carrier increased the curcumin solubility by about 3200 fold as compared to native beta-cyclodextrins and reduced its degradation rate at pH 6.5 and 7.2 by 10 and 45 fold, respectively. FA receptor-overexpressing human nasopharyngeal tumour KB cell lines and non-folic acid receptor-expressing human breast cancer MCF7 cells were used to evaluate the targeting properties of the new drug delivery system. The in vitro studies demonstrate that the new carrier possesses potential selectivity for the folate receptor-overexpressing tumour cells as ED50 values of 52 microM, 58 microM and 21 microM were obtained with curcumin-loaded CD-(C6-PEG-NH2)5, curcumin in foetal serum medium and CD-(C6-PEG)5-FA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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1081
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An in vitro study of liposomal curcumin: stability, toxicity and biological activity in human lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B-cells. Int J Pharm 2008; 366:133-9. [PMID: 18840516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a multi-functional and pharmacologically safe natural agent. Used as a food additive for centuries, it also has anti-inflammatory, anti-virus and anti-tumor properties. We previously found that it is a potent inhibitor of cyclosporin A (CsA)-resistant T-cell co-stimulation pathway. It inhibits mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, NFkappaB activation and IL-2 signaling. In spite of its safety and efficacy, the in vivo bioavailability of curcumin is poor, and this may be a major obstacle to its utility as a therapeutic agent. Liposomes are known to be excellent carriers for drug delivery. In this in vitro study, we report the effects of different liposome formulations on curcumin stability in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), human blood, plasma and culture medium RPMI-1640+10% FBS (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C). Liposomal curcumin had higher stability than free curcumin in PBS. Liposomal and free curcumin had similar stability in human blood, plasma and RPMI-1640+10% FBS. We looked at the toxicity of non-drug-containing liposomes on (3)H-thymidine incorporation by concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated human lymphocytes, splenocytes and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B-cell lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). We found that dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) were toxic to the tested cells. However, addition of cholesterol to the lipids at DMPC:DMPG:cholesterol=7:1:8 (molar ratio) almost completely eliminated the lipid toxicity to these cells. Liposomal curcumin had similar or even stronger inhibitory effects on Con A-stimulated human lymphocyte, splenocyte and LCL proliferation. We conclude that liposomal curcumin may be useful for intravenous administration to improve the bioavailability and efficacy, facilitating in vivo studies that could ultimately lead to clinical application of curcumin.
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1082
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Dempe JS, Pfeiffer E, Grimm AS, Metzler M. Metabolism of curcumin and induction of mitotic catastrophe in human cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:1074-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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1083
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Ma Z, Haddadi A, Molavi O, Lavasanifar A, Lai R, Samuel J. Micelles of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) as vehicles for the solubilization, stabilization, and controlled delivery of curcumin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:300-10. [PMID: 17957721 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is recognized as a potential chemotherapeutic agent against a variety of tumors. However, the clinical application of curcumin is hindered due to its poor water solubility and fast degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate amphiphilic block copolymer micelles of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) as vehicles for the solubilization, stabilization, and controlled delivery of curcumin. Curcumin-loaded PEO-PCL micelles were prepared by a cosolvent evaporation technique. PEO-PCL micelles were able to solubilize curcumin effectively, protect the encapsulated curcumin from hydrolytical degradation in physiological matrix, and control the release of curcumin over a few days. The characteristics of resultant micelles were found to depend on the polymerization degrees of epsilon-caprolactone. Among different PEO-PCL micelles, PEO(5000)-PCL(24500) was the most efficient in solubilizing curcumin while PEO(5000)-PCL(13000) was the best carrier in reducing its release rate. PEO-PCL micelle-encapsulated curcumin retained its cytotoxicity in B16-F10, a mouse melanoma cell line, and SP-53, Mino, and JeKo-1 human mantle cell lymphoma cell lines. These results demonstrated the potential of PEO-PCL micelles as an injectable formulation for efficient solubilization, stabilization, and controlled delivery of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengshuan Ma
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8
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1084
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Tea polyphenols and their roles in cancer prevention and chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:1196-1206. [PMID: 19325799 PMCID: PMC2635719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant-derived, dietary polyphenols have been studied for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against human cancers, including green tea polyphenols, genistein (found in soy), apigenin (celery, parsley), luteolin (broccoli), quercetin (onions), kaempferol (broccoli, grapefruits), curcumin (turmeric), etc. The more we understand their involved molecular mechanisms and cellular targets, the better we could utilize these “natural gifts” for the prevention and treatment of human cancer. Furthermore, better understanding of their structure-activity relationships will guide synthesis of analog compounds with improved bio-availability, stability, potency and specificity. This review focuses on green tea polyphenols and seeks to summarize several reported biological effects of tea polyphenols in human cancer systems, highlight the molecular targets and pathways identified, and discuss the role of tea polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of human cancer. The review also briefly describes several other dietary polyphenols and their biological effects on cancer prevention and chemotherapy.
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1085
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Leung MHM, Colangelo H, Kee TW. Encapsulation of curcumin in cationic micelles suppresses alkaline hydrolysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5672-5. [PMID: 18459746 DOI: 10.1021/la800780w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The alkaline hydrolysis of curcumin was studied in three types of micelles composed of the cationic surfactants cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). At pH 13, curcumin undergoes rapid degradation by alkaline hydrolysis in the SDS micellar solution. In contrast, alkaline hydrolysis of curcumin is greatly suppressed in the presence of either CTAB or DTAB micelles, with a yield of suppression close to 90%. The results from fluorescence spectroscopic studies reveal that while curcumin remains encapsulated in CTAB and DTAB micelles at pH 13, curcumin is dissociated from the SDS micelles to the aqueous phase at this pH. The absence of encapsulation and stabilization in the SDS micellar solution results in rapid hydrolysis of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy H M Leung
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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1086
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Hatcher H, Planalp R, Cho J, Torti FM, Torti SV. Curcumin: from ancient medicine to current clinical trials. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65:1631-52. [PMID: 18324353 PMCID: PMC4686230 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-008-7452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1232] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the active ingredient in the traditional herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin has a surprisingly wide range of beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity. The pleiotropic activities of curcumin derive from its complex chemistry as well as its ability to influence multiple signaling pathways, including survival pathways such as those regulated by NF-kappaB, Akt, and growth factors; cytoprotective pathways dependent on Nrf2; and metastatic and angiogenic pathways. Curcumin is a free radical scavenger and hydrogen donor, and exhibits both pro- and antioxidant activity. It also binds metals, particularly iron and copper, and can function as an iron chelator. Curcumin is remarkably non-toxic and exhibits limited bioavailability. Curcumin exhibits great promise as a therapeutic agent, and is currently in human clinical trials for a variety of conditions, including multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, colon cancer, psoriasis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hatcher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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1087
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Deters M, Knochenwefel H, Lindhorst D, Koal T, Meyer HH, Hänsel W, Resch K, Kaever V. Different curcuminoids inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation independently of their radical scavenging activities. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1822-7. [PMID: 18427962 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin, curcumin derivatives and degradation products on OKT3-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and the role of their radical scavenging activity. METHODS OKT3-induced human PBMC proliferation was determined by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation. Radical scavenging activity was evaluated by using an in vitro DPPH assay. RESULTS OKT3-induced PBMC proliferation was inhibited by curcumin, isocurcumin, bisdesmethoxy-, diacetyl-, tetrahydro-, hexahydro-, and octahydrocurcumin as well as by vanillin, ferulic acid, and dihydroferulic acid with IC50-values of 2.8, 2.8, 6.4, 1.0, 25, 38, 82, 729, 457, and >1,000 microM, respectively. The investigated substances with the strongest effect on radical scavenging were tetrahydro-, hexahydro-, and octahydrocurcumin with IC50 values of 10.0, 11.7, and 12.3 microM, respectively. IC50-values of dihydroferulic acid, ferulic acid, and curcumin were 19.5, 37, and 40 microM. The substances with the lowest radical scavenging activities were vanillin, isocurcumin, diacetylcurcumin, and bisdesmethoxycurcumin with IC50 values higher than 100 microM each. CONCLUSIONS Curcuminoid-induced inhibition of OKT3-induced PBMC proliferation depends on the number of carbon atoms and double bonds of the 1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione structure as well as on the phenolic ring substitutes of the curcuminoids but is not correlated to their respective radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Deters
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, 30623, Hannover, Germany
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1088
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Begum AN, Jones MR, Lim GP, Morihara T, Kim P, Heath DD, Rock CL, Pruitt MA, Yang F, Hudspeth B, Hu S, Faull KF, Teter B, Cole GM, Frautschy SA. Curcumin structure-function, bioavailability, and efficacy in models of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 326:196-208. [PMID: 18417733 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.137455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin can reduce inflammation and neurodegeneration, but its chemical instability and metabolism raise concerns, including whether the more stable metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin (TC) may mediate efficacy. We examined the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or anti-amyloidogenic effects of dietary curcumin and TC, either administered chronically to aged Tg2576 APPsw mice or acutely to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected wild-type mice. Despite dramatically higher drug plasma levels after TC compared with curcumin gavage, resulting brain levels of parent compounds were similar, correlating with reduction in LPS-stimulated inducible nitric-oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, F2 isoprostanes, and carbonyls. In both the acute (LPS) and chronic inflammation (Tg2576), TC and curcumin similarly reduced interleukin-1beta. Despite these similarities, only curcumin was effective in reducing amyloid plaque burden, insoluble beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta), and carbonyls. TC had no impact on plaques or insoluble Abeta, but both reduced Tris-buffered saline-soluble Abeta and phospho-c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). Curcumin but not TC prevented Abeta aggregation. The TC metabolite was detected in brain and plasma from mice chronically fed the parent compound. These data indicate that the dienone bridge present in curcumin, but not in TC, is necessary to reduce plaque deposition and protein oxidation in an Alzheimer's model. Nevertheless, TC did reduce neuroinflammation and soluble Abeta, effects that may be attributable to limiting JNK-mediated transcription. Because of its favorable safety profile and the involvement of misfolded proteins, oxidative damage, and inflammation in multiple chronic degenerative diseases, these data relating curcumin dosing to the blood and tissue levels required for efficacy should help translation efforts from multiple successful preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynun N Begum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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1089
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Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. In recent years, considerable interest has been focused on curcumin due to its use to treat a wide variety of disorders without any side effects. It is one of the major curcuminoids of turmeric, which impart its characteristic yellow colour. It was used in ancient times on the Indian subcontinent to treat various illnesses such as rheumatism, body ache, skin diseases, intestinal worms, diarrhoea, intermittent fevers, hepatic disorders, biliousness, urinary discharges, dyspepsia, inflammations, constipation, leukoderma, amenorrhea, and colic. Curcumin has the potential to treat a wide variety of inflammatory diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, psoriasis, etc, through modulation of numerous molecular targets. This article reviews the use of curcumin for the chemoprevention and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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1090
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Strimpakos AS, Sharma RA. Curcumin: preventive and therapeutic properties in laboratory studies and clinical trials. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:511-45. [PMID: 18370854 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenol used in ancient Asian medicine. Since the first article referring to the use of curcumin to treat human disease was published in The Lancet in 1937, >2,600 research studies using curcumin or turmeric have been published in English language journals. The mechanisms implicated in the inhibition of tumorigenesis by curcumin are diverse and appear to involve a combination of antiinflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic properties via pleiotropic effects on genes and cell-signaling pathways at multiple levels. The potentially adverse sequelae of curcumin's effects on proapoptotic genes, particularly p53, represent a cause for current debate. When curcumin is combined with some cytotoxic drugs or certain other diet-derived polyphenols, synergistic effects have been demonstrated. Although curcumin's low systemic bioavailability after oral dosing may limit access of sufficient concentrations for pharmacologic effects in tissues outside the gastrointestinal tract, chemical analogues and novel delivery methods are in preclinical development to overcome this barrier. This article provides an overview of the extensive published literature on the use of curcumin as a therapy for malignant and inflammatory diseases and its potential use in the treatment of degenerative neurologic diseases, cystic fibrosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the breadth of the coverage, particular emphasis is placed on the prevention and treatment of human cancers.
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1091
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Curcumin inhibits FtsZ assembly: an attractive mechanism for its antibacterial activity. Biochem J 2008; 410:147-55. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The assembly and stability of FtsZ protofilaments have been shown to play critical roles in bacterial cytokinesis. Recent evidence suggests that FtsZ may be considered as an important antibacterial drug target. Curcumin, a dietary polyphenolic compound, has been shown to have a potent antibacterial activity against a number of pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus. We found that curcumin induced filamentation in the Bacillus subtilis 168, suggesting that it inhibits bacterial cytokinesis. Further, curcumin strongly inhibited the formation of the cytokinetic Z-ring in B. subtilis 168 without detectably affecting the segregation and organization of the nucleoids. Since the assembly dynamics of FtsZ protofilaments plays a major role in the formation and functioning of the Z-ring, we analysed the effects of curcumin on the assembly of FtsZ protofilaments. Curcumin inhibited the assembly of FtsZ protofilaments and also increased the GTPase activity of FtsZ. Electron microscopic analysis showed that curcumin reduced the bundling of FtsZ protofilaments in vitro. Further, curcumin was found to bind to FtsZ in vitro with a dissociation constant of 7.3±1.8 μM and the agent also perturbed the secondary structure of FtsZ. The results indicate that the perturbation of the GTPase activity of FtsZ assembly is lethal to bacteria and suggest that curcumin inhibits bacterial cell proliferation by inhibiting the assembly dynamics of FtsZ in the Z-ring.
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1092
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Kutluay SB, Doroghazi J, Roemer ME, Triezenberg SJ. Curcumin inhibits herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene expression by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity. Virology 2008; 373:239-47. [PMID: 18191976 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a phenolic compound from the curry spice turmeric, exhibits a wide range of activities in eukaryotic cells, including antiviral effects that are at present incompletely characterized. Curcumin is known to inhibit the histone acetyltransferase activity of the transcriptional coactivator proteins p300 and CBP, which are recruited to the immediate early (IE) gene promoters of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by the viral transactivator protein VP16. We tested the hypothesis that curcumin, by inhibiting these coactivators, would block viral infection and gene expression. In cell culture assays, curcumin significantly decreased HSV-1 infectivity and IE gene expression. Entry of viral DNA to the host cell nucleus and binding of VP16 to IE gene promoters was not affected by curcumin, but recruitment of RNA polymerase II to those promoters was significantly diminished. However, these effects were observed using lower curcumin concentrations than those required to substantially inhibit global H3 acetylation. No changes were observed in histone H3 occupancy or acetylation at viral IE gene promoters. Furthermore, p300 and CBP recruitment to IE gene promoters was not affected by the presence of curcumin. Finally, disruption of p300 expression using a short hairpin RNA did not affect viral IE gene expression. These results suggest that curcumin affects VP16-mediated recruitment of RNA polymerase II to IE gene promoters by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebla B Kutluay
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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1093
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Sato K, Iki N, Takahashi T, Hoshino H. Evaluation of Stability Against Oxidation and Acid Dissociation Properties for Tetrahydrocurcumin in Aqueous Solution. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2008. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.57.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoko Sato
- Ichinoseki National College of Technology
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | - Nobuhiko Iki
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
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1094
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Nhujak T, Saisuwan W, Srisa-art M, Petsom A. Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for separation and analysis of curcuminoids in turmeric samples. J Sep Sci 2007; 29:666-76. [PMID: 16605086 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) was developed for quantitative analysis of curcuminoids, such as curcumin (C), demethoxycurcumin (D), and bis-demethoxycurcumin (B). MEEKC separation of curcuminoids was optimized, and a change in resolution was explained using a modified equation for resolution in MEEKC without electroosmosis. The suitable MEEKC conditions for separation of curcuminoids were obtained to be the microemulsion buffer containing 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.5, 1.1% v/v n-octane as oil droplets, 180 mM SDS as surfactant, 890 mM 1-butanol as cosurfactant, and 25% v/v 2-propanol as organic cosolvent; applied voltage of -15 kV; and separation temperature 25 degrees C. Achieved baseline resolution of C:D and D:B was obtained with R(s) -2.4 and analysis time within 18 min. In addition, high accuracy and precision of the method were obtained. This MEEKC method was used for quantitative determination of individual curcuminoids in medicinal turmeric capsules and powdered turmeric used as coloring additive in food, with simple sample preparation such as solvent extraction, dilution, and filtration, and without cleaning up by SPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thumnoon Nhujak
- Chromatography and Separation Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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1095
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Youssef D, Nichols CE, Cameron TS, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Jha A. Design, synthesis, and cytostatic activity of novel cyclic curcumin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5624-9. [PMID: 17768050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel cyclic analogues of curcumin were synthesized and analyzed for in vitro cytostatic activity. Condensation of 2-acetylcycloalkanones with a variety of aromatic aldehydes resulted in the formation of 2-arylidene-6-(3-arylacryoyl)-cycloalkanone derivatives. A number of these analogues were found to have significant anticancer activity against representative murine and human cancer cell lines during in vitro bioassays. This corroborated with in vitro cytostatic activity against a panel of 60 cell lines studied at the National Cancer Institute (USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Youssef
- Département des Sciences, Université Sainte-Anne, Church Point, NS, Canada B0W 1M0
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1096
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Goel A, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin as "Curecumin": from kitchen to clinic. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:787-809. [PMID: 17900536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1454] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although turmeric (Curcuma longa; an Indian spice) has been described in Ayurveda, as a treatment for inflammatory diseases and is referred by different names in different cultures, the active principle called curcumin or diferuloylmethane, a yellow pigment present in turmeric (curry powder) has been shown to exhibit numerous activities. Extensive research over the last half century has revealed several important functions of curcumin. It binds to a variety of proteins and inhibits the activity of various kinases. By modulating the activation of various transcription factors, curcumin regulates the expression of inflammatory enzymes, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and cell survival proteins. Curcumin also downregulates cyclin D1, cyclin E and MDM2; and upregulates p21, p27, and p53. Various preclinical cell culture and animal studies suggest that curcumin has potential as an antiproliferative, anti-invasive, and antiangiogenic agent; as a mediator of chemoresistance and radioresistance; as a chemopreventive agent; and as a therapeutic agent in wound healing, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and arthritis. Pilot phase I clinical trials have shown curcumin to be safe even when consumed at a daily dose of 12g for 3 months. Other clinical trials suggest a potential therapeutic role for curcumin in diseases such as familial adenomatous polyposis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, hypercholesteremia, atherosclerosis, pancreatitis, psoriasis, chronic anterior uveitis and arthritis. Thus, curcumin, a spice once relegated to the kitchen shelf, has moved into the clinic and may prove to be "Curecumin".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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1097
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Sandur SK, Ichikawa H, Pandey MK, Kunnumakkara AB, Sung B, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. Role of pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane). Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:568-80. [PMID: 17640567 PMCID: PMC2754304 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research within the past half-century has indicated that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow pigment in curry powder, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and proapoptotic activities. We investigated whether the anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic activities assigned to curcumin are mediated through its prooxidant/antioxidant mechanism. We found that TNF-mediated NF-kappaB activation was inhibited by curcumin; and glutathione reversed the inhibition. Similarly, suppression of TNF-induced AKT activation by curcumin was also abrogated by glutathione. The reducing agent also counteracted the inhibitory effects of curcumin on TNF-induced NF-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, IAP1), proliferative (cyclin D1), and proinflammatory (COX-2, iNOS, and MMP-9) gene products. The suppression of TNF-induced AP-1 activation by curcumin was also reversed by glutathione. Also, the direct proapoptotic effects of curcumin were inhibited by glutathione and potentiated by depletion of intracellular glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine. Moreover, curcumin induced the production of reactive oxygen species and modulated intracellular GSH levels. Quenchers of hydroxyl radicals, however, were ineffective in inhibiting curcumin-mediated NF-kappaB suppression. Further, N-acetylcysteine partially reversed the effect of curcumin. Based on these results we conclude that curcumin mediates its apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities through modulation of the redox status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Address correspondence to: Bharat B. Aggarwal, Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 143, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, Phone: 713-794-1817; FAX: 713-794-1613; E-Mail:
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1098
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Mosley CA, Liotta DC, Snyder JP. Highly active anticancer curcumin analogues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:77-103. [PMID: 17569206 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a compound in the human food supply, represents a near-perfect starting point for drug discovery. Consequently, a number of research groups have taken the natural product as a starting point to prepare and biologically evaluate a wide variety of curcumin analogues. One widely used structural modification truncates the central conjugated beta-diketone in curcumin to the monocarbonyl dienone. A diverse array of the latter compounds exhibit cytotoxicities against an equally diverse set of cancer-related cell lines. Importantly, these compounds still retain toxicity profiles in rodents comparable to the parent natural product, whereas some analogues (e.g., EF-24, 41) exhibit good oral bioavailability and good pharmacokinetics in mice. Thiol conjugates of EF-24 analogues have been prepared that address stability and solubility issues while demonstrating cellular activities similar to the unmodified dienones. In parallel experiments, the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex (fVIIa-TF) has been exploited to develop a targeting strategy for the analogues. In particular, the EF24-FFRck-fVIIa protein conjugate is not only somewhat more effective relative to the drug alone against breast cancer and melanocyte cells. Both simple curcumin analogues and the protein conjugate evidence antiangiogenic activity in cell culture. The implication is that the fVIIa-TF targeting process, like the dienone drugs, permits a double-pronged attack with the potential to destroy a tumor directly by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Mosley
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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1099
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Aggarwal BB, Sundaram C, Malani N, Ichikawa H. CURCUMIN: THE INDIAN SOLID GOLD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:1-75. [PMID: 17569205 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric, derived from the plant Curcuma longa, is a gold-colored spice commonly used in the Indian subcontinent, not only for health care but also for the preservation of food and as a yellow dye for textiles. Curcumin, which gives the yellow color to turmeric, was first isolated almost two centuries ago, and its structure as diferuloylmethane was determined in 1910. Since the time of Ayurveda (1900 Bc) numerous therapeutic activities have been assigned to turmeric for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, including those of the skin, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems, aches, pains, wounds, sprains, and liver disorders. Extensive research within the last half century has proven that most of these activities, once associated with turmeric, are due to curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities and thus has a potential against various malignant diseases, diabetes, allergies, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic illnesses. These effects are mediated through the regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and other enzymes. Curcumin exhibits activities similar to recently discovered tumor necrosis factor blockers (e.g., HUMIRA, REMICADE, and ENBREL), a vascular endothelial cell growth factor blocker (e.g., AVASTIN), human epidermal growth factor receptor blockers (e.g., ERBITUX, ERLOTINIB, and GEFTINIB), and a HER2 blocker (e.g., HERCEPTIN). Considering the recent scientific bandwagon that multitargeted therapy is better than monotargeted therapy for most diseases, curcumin can be considered an ideal "Spice for Life".
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Antiviral Agents/chemistry
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Curcuma/chemistry
- Curcumin/analogs & derivatives
- Curcumin/chemistry
- Curcumin/metabolism
- Curcumin/pharmacology
- Curcumin/therapeutic use
- Humans
- India
- Medicine, Ayurvedic
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Phytotherapy
- Plants, Medicinal
- Spices
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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1100
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Hoehle SI, Pfeiffer E, Metzler M. Glucuronidation of curcuminoids by human microsomal and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:932-8. [PMID: 17628876 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation is an important pathway in the metabolism of curcumin, but the isoforms of uridine-5'-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) involved are not known. Here, we report on the glucuronidation of the three natural curcuminoids and their major phase I metabolites with microsomes from human liver and intestine as well as with human recombinant UGTs. Microsomes from human liver generated predominantly the phenolic and small amounts of the alcoholic glucuronide of each curcuminoid, whereas intestinal microsomes formed only the phenolic conjugates but with higher activities. The phenolic glucuronidation of the curcuminoids was predominantly catalyzed by hepatic UGT1A1 and intestinal UGT1A8 and 1A10, whereas UGT1A9, 2B7, and 1A8 exhibited high activities for hexahydro-curcuminoids. UGT1A9 was able to form the alcoholic glucuronide of each curcuminoid in addition to the phenolic conjugate. These data suggest that the gastrointestinal tract contributes substantially to the glucuronidation of curcuminoids in humans, which may have important implications for their pharmacokinetic fate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone I Hoehle
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
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