1101
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Zou L, Feng Y, Xu G, Jian W, Chao W. Splenic RNA and MicroRNA Mimics Promote Complement Factor B Production and Alternative Pathway Activation via Innate Immune Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2788-98. [PMID: 26889043 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Complement factor B (cfB) is an essential component of the alternative pathway (AP) and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis. However, the mechanism leading to cfB production and AP activation during sepsis remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that plasma cell-free RNA was significantly increased following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), an animal model of polymicrobial sepsis, and was closely associated with sepsis severity. Quantitative RT-PCR and microRNA (miRNA) array analysis revealed an increase in bacterial RNA and multiple host miRNAs (miR-145, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-210) in the blood following CLP. Treatment with tissue RNA or synthetic miRNA mimics (miR-145, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-34a) induced a marked increase in cfB production in cardiomyocytes or macrophages. The newly synthesized cfB released into medium was biologically active because it participated in AP activation initiated by cobra venom factor. Genetic deletion of TLR7 or MyD88, but not TLR3, and inhibition of the MAPKs (JNK and p38) or NF-κB abolished miR-146a-induced cfB production. In vivo, CLP led to a significant increase in splenic cfB expression that correlated with the plasma RNA or miRNA levels. Peritoneal injection of RNA or miR-146a led to an increase in cfB expression in the peritoneal space that was attenuated in MyD88-knockout or TLR7-knockout mice, respectively. These findings demonstrate that host cellular RNA and specific miRNAs are released into the circulation during polymicrobial sepsis and may function as extracellular mediators capable of promoting cfB production and AP activation through specific TLR7 and MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zou
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ganqiong Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Wenling Jian
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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1102
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The Comparison of Adipose Stem Cell and Placental Stem Cell in Secretion Characteristics and in Facial Antiaging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7315830. [PMID: 27057176 PMCID: PMC4761676 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7315830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly used seed cells in biomedical research and tissue engineering. Their secretory proteins have also been proven to play an important role in tissue healing. Methods. We isolated adipose stem cells and placental stem cells and performed analysis examining characteristics. The secretory proteins were extracted from conditioned medium and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. The antiaging effect of conditioned mediums was evaluated by the results of facial skin application. Results. Adipose stem cells and placental stem cells were found to be very similar in their surface markers and multipotency. The specific proteins secreted from adipose stem cells were more adept at cell adhesion, migration, wound healing, and tissue remodeling, while the proteins secreted by placental stem cells were more adept at angiogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, immunomodulation, and collagen degradation. While these two types of conditioned medium could improve the facial index, the improvement of Melanin index after injection of the adipose stem cell conditioned medium was much more significant. Conclusion. The results suggest that the secreted proteins are ideal cell-free substances for regeneration medicine, especially in the antiaging field.
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1103
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Wu GJ, Shiu SM, Hsieh MC, Tsai GJ. Anti-inflammatory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from the brown alga Sargassum cristaefolium. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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1104
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Li H, Wang S, Qian Z, Wu Z, Lǚ K, Weng S, He J, Li C. MKK6 from pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is responsive to bacterial and WSSV infection. Mol Immunol 2016; 70:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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1105
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Wang Y, Liu S, Li Y, Wang Q, Shao J, Chen Y, Xin J. Mycoplasma bovis-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins activate IL-1β production through the NF-κB pathway via toll-like receptor 2 and MyD88. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:111-8. [PMID: 26499291 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes pneumonia, otitis media, and arthritis in young calves, resulting in economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. M. bovis pathogenesis results in part from excessive immune responses. Lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) can potently induce host innate immunity. However, interactions between M. bovis-derived LAMPs and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), or signaling pathways eliciting active inflammation and NF-κB activation, are incompletely understood. Here, we found that IL-1β expression was induced in embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells stimulated with M. bovis-derived LAMPs. Subcellular-localization analysis revealed nuclear p65 translocation following EBL cell stimulation with M. bovis-derived LAMPs. An NF-κB inhibitor reversed M. bovis-derived LAMP-induced IL-1β expression. TLR2 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) overexpression increased LAMP-dependent IL-1β induction. TLR2-neutralizing antibodies reduced IL-1β expression during LAMP stimulation. LAMPs also inhibited IL-1β expression following overexpression of a dominant-negative MyD88 protein. These results suggested that M. bovis-derived LAMPs activate IL-1β production through the NF-κB pathway via TLR2 and MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Suli Liu
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiari Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiuqing Xin
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, 150001, China.
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1106
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Langosch S, Wehner R, Malecka A, Franks HA, Schäkel K, Bachmann M, Jackson AM, Schmitz M. Impact of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition on immunostimulatory properties of human 6-sulfo LacNAc dendritic cells. Immunobiology 2016; 221:166-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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1107
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Joo H, Lee HJ, Shin EA, Kim H, Seo KH, Baek NI, Kim B, Kim SH. c-Jun N-terminal Kinase-Dependent Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway is Critically Involved in Arjunic Acid Induced Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2016; 30:596-603. [PMID: 26787261 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Though arjunic acid, a triterpene isolated from Terminalia arjuna, was known to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and cytotoxic effects, its underlying antitumor mechanism still remains unclear so far. Thus, in the present study, the molecular antitumor mechanism of arjunic acid was examined in A549 and H460 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Arjunic acid exerted cytotoxicity by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and significantly increased sub-G1 population in A549 and H460 cells by cell cycle analysis. Consistently, arjunic acid cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), activated Bax, and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and also attenuated the expression of pro-caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in A549 and H460 cells. Furthermore, arjunic acid upregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins such as IRE1 α, ATF4, p-eIF2α, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in A549 and H460 cells. Conversely, CHOP depletion attenuated the increase of sub-G1 population by arjunic acid, and also JNK inhibitor SP600125 blocked the cytotoxicity and upregulation of IRE1 α and CHOP induced by arjunic acid in A549 and H460 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that arjunic acid induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells via JNK mediated ER stress pathway as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeEun Joo
- Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Hangil Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwa Seo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
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1108
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meso-Dihydroguaiaretic acid attenuates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 31:239-47. [PMID: 26773771 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
meso-Dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA), which is a dibenzylbutane lignin isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Saururus chinensis, has various biological activities, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and neuroprotective effects. However, no report has examined the potential anti-asthmatic activity of MDGA. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of MDGA on asthmatic responses, particularly airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of asthma. Intragastric administration of MDGA significantly lowered the productions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α), eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and immunoglobulin (Ig)E in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), plasma, or lung tissues. Histological studies showed that MDGA inhibited OVA-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus production in the respiratory tract. Moreover, MDGA markedly attenuated the OVA-induced activations of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Together, these results suggest that MDGA effectively inhibits airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion by downregulating the levels of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and inhibiting the activations of NF-κB and MAPKs.
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1109
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Lee SW, Wu LSH, Huang GM, Huang KY, Lee TY, Weng JTY. Gene expression profiling identifies candidate biomarkers for active and latent tuberculosis. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17 Suppl 1:3. [PMID: 26818387 PMCID: PMC4895247 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease in that 90% of those latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis present no symptoms, but possess a 10% lifetime chance of developing active TB. To prevent the spread of the disease, early diagnosis is crucial. However, current methods of detection require improvement in sensitivity, efficiency or specificity. In the present study, we conducted a microarray experiment, comparing the gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells among individuals with active TB, latent infection, and healthy conditions in a Taiwanese population. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes belonged to immune responses, inflammation pathways, and cell cycle control. Subsequent RT-PCR validation identified four differentially expressed genes, NEMF, ASUN, DHX29, and PTPRC, as potential biomarkers for the detection of active and latent TB infections. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the expression level of PTPRC may discriminate active TB patients from healthy individuals, while ASUN could differentiate between the latent state of TB infection and healthy condidtion. In contrast, DHX29 may be used to identify latently infected individuals among active TB patients or healthy individuals. To test the concept of using these biomarkers as diagnostic support, we constructed classification models using these candidate biomarkers and found the Naïve Bayes-based model built with ASUN, DHX29, and PTPRC to yield the best performance. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that gene expression profiles in the blood can be used to identify not only active TB patients, but also to differentiate latently infected patients from their healthy counterparts. Validation of the constructed computational model in a larger sample size would confirm the reliability of the biomarkers and facilitate the development of a cost-effective and sensitive molecular diagnostic platform for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lee
- Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | | | - Guan-Mau Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Yao Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Julia Tzu-Ya Weng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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1110
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Kwok HH, Poon PY, Fok SP, Ying-Kit Yue P, Mak NK, Chan MCW, Peiris JSM, Wong RNS. Anti-inflammatory effects of indirubin derivatives on influenza A virus-infected human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18941. [PMID: 26732368 PMCID: PMC4702174 DOI: 10.1038/srep18941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) poses global threats to human health. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction are major complications in patients with severe influenza infection. This may be explained by the recent studies which highlighted the role of the pulmonary endothelium as the center of innate immune cells recruitment and excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In this report, we examined the potential immunomodulatory effects of two indirubin derivatives, indirubin-3′-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-oximether (E804) and indirubin-3′-oxime (E231), on IAV (H9N2) infected-human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Infection of H9N2 on HPMECs induced a high level of chemokines and cytokines production including IP-10, RANTES, IL-6, IFN-β and IFN-γ1. Post-treatment of E804 or E231 could significantly suppress the production of these cytokines. H9N2 infection rapidly triggered the activation of innate immunity through phosphorylation of signaling molecules including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Using specific inhibitors or small-interfering RNA, we confirmed that indirubin derivatives can suppress H9N2-induced cytokines production through MAPKs and STAT3 signaling pathways. These results underscore the immunomodulatory effects of indirubin derivatives on pulmonary endothelium and its therapeutic potential on IAV-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Po-Ying Poon
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Siu-Ping Fok
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Patrick Ying-Kit Yue
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Nai-Ki Mak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Michael Chi-Wai Chan
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris
- Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ricky Ngok-Shun Wong
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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1111
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Mai J, Nanayakkara G, Lopez-Pastrana J, Li X, Li YF, Wang X, Song A, Virtue A, Shao Y, Shan H, Liu F, Autieri MV, Kunapuli SP, Iwakura Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. Interleukin-17A Promotes Aortic Endothelial Cell Activation via Transcriptionally and Post-translationally Activating p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4939-54. [PMID: 26733204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.690081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting T helper 17 cells were recently identified as a CD4(+) T helper subset and implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The issues of whether and by what mechanism hyperlipidemic stress induces IL-17A to activate aortic endothelial cells (ECs) and enhance monocyte adhesion remained largely unknown. Using biochemical, immunological, microarray, experimental data mining analysis, and pathological approaches focused on primary human and mouse aortic ECs (HAECs and MAECs) and our newly generated apolipoprotein E (ApoE)(-/-)/IL-17A(-/-) mice, we report the following new findings. 1) The hyperlipidemia stimulus oxidized low density lipoprotein up-regulated IL-17 receptor(s) in HAECs and MAECs. 2) IL-17A activated HAECs and increased human monocyte adhesion in vitro. 3) A deficiency of IL-17A reduced leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in vivo. 3) IL-17A activated HAECs and MAECs via up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), chemokine CXC motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), and CXCL2. 4) IL-17A activated ECs specifically via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway; the inhibition of p38 MAPK in ECs attenuated IL-17A-mediated activation by ameliorating the expression of the aforementioned proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and EC adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that IL-17A activates aortic ECs specifically via p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jietang Mai
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Ya-Feng Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Xin Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Ai Song
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Anthony Virtue
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Ying Shao
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Huimin Shan
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Fang Liu
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Physiology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Physiology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and Departments of Pharmacology and
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1112
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Matsui S, Ogata Y. Effects of miR-223 on expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in human gingival fibroblasts. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:101-8. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.58.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sari Matsui
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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1113
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Xiang J, Zhang Z, Fu R, Ternansky RJ, Gladstone PL, Allan AL, Donate F, Parry G, Juarez J, Mazar AP, Bai X. The discovery of kinase inhibitors by a combination of diversity-oriented synthesis and selective screening. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00351f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the discovery of kinase inhibitors by a combination of diversity-oriented synthesis and selective screening was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Xiang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Renzhong Fu
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- PR China
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1114
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Abstract
The treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) has dramatically improved over the last two decades by the development of a series of targeted biological therapies. This paper focuses on new developments in the treatment of IMIDs. In particular, we discuss how different ways of targeting the same mediators can lead to different efficacy and safety profiles, using B cell targeting as example. In addition, we discuss the emerging field of 'small molecules' that target specifically intracellular processes related to cytokine signaling, cell activation, cell migration, and other processes relevant to tissue inflammation.
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1115
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Wang S, Qian Z, Li H, Lu K, Xu X, Weng S, He J, Li C. Identification and characterization of MKK7 as an upstream activator of JNK in Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:285-294. [PMID: 26707780 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7) is a key signal transduction regulator in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we described the molecular cloning of a new member of MKK7 group from Litopenaeus vannamei named as LvMKK7. The full-length cDNA of LvMKK7 was 3093 bp in length, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1440bp encoding a putative protein of 479 amino acids. LvMKK7 contained a conserved kinase domain of 261 amino acids in which there was a characteristic S-K-A-K-T motif as a potential target site of phosphorylation by MKKK. Moreover, subcellular localization showed LvMKK7 was located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of Drosophila S2 cells. Real-time PCR indicated that LvMKK7 was universally expressed in all tested tissues and its expression in hepatopancreas was responsive to the challenge of LPS, Poly (I:C), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphhylococcus aureus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In addition, co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that LvJNK was phosphorylated and activated by LvMKK7, which suggested LvMKK7 was the upper regulator of LvJNK. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of LvMKK7 enhanced the sensitivity of shrimps to V. parahaemolyticus infection. Overall, our results suggested that LvMKK7 may play important roles in the shrimp innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhe Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Haoyang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Chaozheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory for Bio Control, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provice Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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1116
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Soares-Silva M, Diniz FF, Gomes GN, Bahia D. The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway: Role in Immune Evasion by Trypanosomatids. Front Microbiol 2016. [PMID: 26941717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00183/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi are the causative agents of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, respectively, two neglected tropical diseases that affect about 25 million people worldwide. These parasites belong to the family Trypanosomatidae, and are both obligate intracellular parasites that manipulate host signaling pathways and the innate immune system to establish infection. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine and threonine protein kinases that are highly conserved in eukaryotes, and are involved in signal transduction pathways that modulate physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. This mini-review highlights existing knowledge concerning the mechanisms that Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi have evolved to target the host's MAPK signaling pathways and highjack the immune response, and, in this manner, promote parasite maintenance in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Soares-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flavia F Diniz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela N Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diana Bahia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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1117
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1118
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Jialal I, Adams-Huet B, Pahwa R. Selective increase in monocyte p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in metabolic syndrome. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:93-6. [PMID: 26449239 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115607829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome is a common disorder that predisposes to both cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There is paucity of data on cellular signal transduction pathways in metabolic syndrome. This study determined monocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in patients with metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and Jun N-terminal kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase activities were assayed in isolated monocytes from patients with metabolic syndrome and controls (n = 36 per group) and correlated with features of metabolic syndrome, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. RESULTS A significant increase in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity was observed in metabolic syndrome even following adjustment for adiposity. There were no significant differences in extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and Jun N-terminal kinase activities. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity correlated significantly with homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS We are first to observe a selective increase in monocyte p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in metabolic syndrome and suggest it as a pivotal molecular target for ameliorating insulin resistance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology and Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roma Pahwa
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology and Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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1119
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Liao S, Li P, Wang J, Zhang Q, Xu D, Lv Y, Yang M, Kong L. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction treated sepsis via regulating ERK and SRC/STAT3 pathways and ameliorating metabolic status. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LPS disturbed the metabolomic profiles and activated the ERK and SRC/STAT3 signaling pathways of mice, and HLJDD exerted therapeutic effects on sepsis induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Dingqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Minghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
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1120
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Paeschke A, Possehl A, Klingel K, Voss M, Voss K, Kespohl M, Sauter M, Overkleeft HS, Althof N, Garlanda C, Voigt A. The immunoproteasome controls the availability of the cardioprotective pattern recognition molecule Pentraxin3. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:619-33. [PMID: 26578407 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte death as a result of viral infection is an excellent model for dissecting the inflammatory stress response that occurs in heart tissue. We reported earlier that a specific proteasome isoform, the immunoproteasome, prevents exacerbation of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocardial destruction and preserves cell vitality in heart tissue inflammation. Following the aim to decipher molecular targets of immunoproteasome-dependent proteolysis, we investigated the function and regulation of the soluble PRR Pentraxin3 (PTX3). We show that the ablation of PTX3 in mice aggravated CVB3-triggered inflammatory injury of heart tissue, without having any significant effect on viral titers. Thus, there might be a role of PTX3 in preventing damage-associated molecular pattern-induced cell death. We found that the catalytic activity of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 regulates the timely availability of factors controlling PTX3 production. We report on immunoproteasome-dependent alteration of ERK1/2 and p38MAPKs, which were both found to be involved in PTX3 expression control. Our finding of a cardioprotective function of immunoproteasome-dependent PTX3 expression revealed a crucial mechanism of the stress-induced damage response in myocardial inflammation. In addition to antigen presentation and cytokine production, proteolysis by the immunoproteasome can also regulate the innate immune response during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paeschke
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Possehl
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Institut für Molekulare Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolin Voss
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meike Kespohl
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Sauter
- Institut für Molekulare Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Althof
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Antje Voigt
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Side Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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1121
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Transcriptome analysis reveals mucin 4 to be highly associated with periodontitis and identifies pleckstrin as a link to systemic diseases. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18475. [PMID: 26686060 PMCID: PMC4685297 DOI: 10.1038/srep18475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease periodontitis, which is characterized by destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, has also been implicated as a risk factor for various systemic diseases. Although periodontitis has been studied extensively, neither disease-specific biomarkers nor therapeutic targets have been identified, nor its link with systemic diseases. Here, we analyzed the global transcriptome of periodontitis and compared its gene expression profile with those of other inflammatory conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and ulcerative colitis (UC). Gingival biopsies from 62 patients with periodontitis and 62 healthy subjects were subjected to RNA sequencing. The up-regulated genes in periodontitis were related to inflammation, wounding and defense response, and apoptosis, whereas down-regulated genes were related to extracellular matrix organization and structural support. The most highly up-regulated gene was mucin 4 (MUC4), and its protein product was confirmed to be over-expressed in periodontitis. When comparing the expression profile of periodontitis with other inflammatory diseases, several gene ontology categories, including inflammatory response, cell death, cell motion, and homeostatic processes, were identified as common to all diseases. Only one gene, pleckstrin (PLEK), was significantly overexpressed in periodontitis, CVD, RA, and UC, implicating this gene as an important networking link between these chronic inflammatory diseases.
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1122
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Fang Q, Wang JF, Zha XQ, Cui SH, Cao L, Luo JP. Immunomodulatory activity on macrophage of a purified polysaccharide extracted from Laminaria japonica. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:66-73. [PMID: 26428101 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide (LJP-31) with a molecular mass of 2.24 × 10(6) Da was isolated and purified from Laminaria japonica using DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S500 chromatography. Results showed that LJP-31 mainly consists of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.0:7.8:6.6:0.8. LJP-31 exhibited significant stimulation on macrophages and enhanced the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 as well as the up-regulation of their gene expressions. Western blot analysis suggested that LJP-31 has the positive effects on the translocation of NF-κB p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus and the phosphorylation of IκBα, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and P38 in macrophages. Flow cytometric and confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis indicated that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was at least one of the recognition receptors of LJP-31 on the plasma membrane of macrophages. Taken together, LJP-31 may exert its immunostimulating potency via TLR4 activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Jing-Fei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China.
| | - Shao-Hua Cui
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- Institute of Agro-products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, PR China.
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1123
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Bourgoin SG, Hui W. Role of mitogen- and stress-activated kinases in inflammatory arthritis. World J Pharmacol 2015; 4:265-273. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v4.i4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic lipid mediator that promotes motility, survival, and the synthesis of chemokines/cytokines in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. LPA activates several proteins within the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling network, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 and p38 MAP kinase (MAPK). Upon docking to mitogen- and stress-activated kinases (MSKs), ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylate serine and threonine residues within its C-terminal domain and cause autophosphorylation of MSKs. Activated MSKs can then directly phosphorylate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) at Ser133 in FLS. Phosphorylation of CREB by MSKs is essential for the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, other downstream effectors of MSK1/2 such as nuclear factor-kappa B, histone H3, and high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 may also regulate gene expression in immune cells involved in disease pathogenesis. MSKs are master regulators of cell function that integrate signals induced by growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cellular stresses, as well as those induced by LPA.
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1124
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Pales Espinosa E, Koller A, Allam B. Proteomic characterization of mucosal secretions in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J Proteomics 2015; 132:63-76. [PMID: 26612663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The soft body surface of marine invertebrates is covered by a layer of mucus, a slippery gel secreted by mucocytes lining epithelia. The functions of this gel are diverse including locomotion, cleansing, food particles processing and defense against physicochemical injuries and infectious agents. In oysters, mucus covering pallial organs has been demonstrated to have a major importance in the processing of food particles and in the interactions with waterborne pathogens. Given the limited information available on mucus in bivalves and the apparent wide spectra of activity of bioactive molecules present in this matrix, the characterization of these mucosal secretions has become a research priority. In this study, mucus was separately collected from the mantle, gills and labial palps of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed the presence of a wide variety of molecules involved in host-microbe interactions, including putative adhesion molecules (e.g. c-type lectins) confirming that transcripts previously identified in epithelial cells are translated into proteins secreted in mucus. Mucus composition was different among samples collected from different organs. These results generate a reference map for C. virginica pallial mucus to better characterize the various physiological functions of mucosal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Pales Espinosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States.
| | - Antonius Koller
- Proteomics Center, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, United States
| | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States
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1125
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McGuire VA, Arthur JSC. Subverting Toll-Like Receptor Signaling by Bacterial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2015; 6:607. [PMID: 26648936 PMCID: PMC4664646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria are detected by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on innate immune cells, which activate intracellular signal transduction pathways to elicit an immune response. Toll-like receptors are, perhaps, the most studied of the PRRs and can activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. These pathways are critical for mounting an effective immune response. In order to evade detection and promote virulence, many pathogens subvert the host immune response by targeting components of these signal transduction pathways. This mini-review highlights the diverse mechanisms that bacterial pathogens have evolved to manipulate the innate immune response, with a particular focus on those that target MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Understanding the elaborate strategies that pathogens employ to subvert the immune response not only highlights the importance of these proteins in mounting effective immune responses, but may also identify novel approaches for treatment or prevention of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A McGuire
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
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1126
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Nogueira PM, Ribeiro K, Silveira ACO, Campos JH, Martins-Filho OA, Bela SR, Campos MA, Pessoa NL, Colli W, Alves MJM, Soares RP, Torrecilhas AC. Vesicles from different Trypanosoma cruzi strains trigger differential innate and chronic immune responses. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:28734. [PMID: 26613751 PMCID: PMC4662668 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.28734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas Disease, shed extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with glycoproteins of the gp85/trans-sialidase (TS) superfamily and other α-galactosyl (α-Gal)-containing glycoconjugates, such as mucins. Here, purified vesicles from T. cruzi strains (Y, Colombiana, CL-14 and YuYu) were quantified according to size, intensity and concentration. Qualitative analysis revealed differences in their protein and α-galactosyl contents. Later, those polymorphisms were evaluated in the modulation of immune responses (innate and in the chronic phase) in C57BL/6 mice. EVs isolated from YuYu and CL-14 strains induced in macrophages higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and nitric oxide via TLR2. In general, no differences were observed in MAPKs activation (p38, JNK and ERK 1/2) after EVs stimulation. In splenic cells derived from chronically infected mice, a different modulation pattern was observed, where Colombiana (followed by Y strain) EVs were more proinflammatory. This modulation was independent of the T. cruzi strain used in the mice infection. To test the functional importance of this modulation, the expression of intracellular cytokines after in vitro exposure was evaluated using EVs from YuYu and Colombiana strains. Both EVs induced cytokine production with the appearance of IL-10 in the chronically infected mice. A high frequency of IL-10 in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was observed. A mixed profile of cytokine induction was observed in B cells with the production of TNF-α and IL-10. Finally, dendritic cells produced TNF-α after stimulation with EVs. Polymorphisms in the vesicles surface may be determinant in the immunopathologic events not only in the early steps of infection but also in the chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Nogueira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kleber Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Diadema, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda C O Silveira
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João H Campos
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Diadema, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Samantha R Bela
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco A Campos
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Natalia L Pessoa
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Walter Colli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J M Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Soares
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Diadema, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
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1127
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Fragment-based drug discovery of potent and selective MKK3/6 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:1086-1089. [PMID: 26704264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The MAPK signaling cascade, comprised of several linear and intersecting pathways, propagates signaling into the nucleus resulting in cytokine and chemokine release. The Map Kinase Kinase isoforms 3 and 6 (MKK3 and MKK6) are responsible for the phosphorylation and activation of p38, and are hypothesized to play a key role in regulating this pathway without the redundancy seen in downstream effectors. Using FBDD, we have discovered efficient and selective inhibitors of MKK3 and MKK6 that can serve as tool molecules to help further understand the role of these kinases in MAPK signaling, and the potential impact of inhibiting kinases upstream of p38.
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1128
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Snodgrass RG, Boß M, Zezina E, Weigert A, Dehne N, Fleming I, Brüne B, Namgaladze D. Hypoxia Potentiates Palmitate-induced Pro-inflammatory Activation of Primary Human Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:413-24. [PMID: 26578520 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue hypoxia promotes an inflammatory phenotype in ATMs. However, our understanding of how hypoxia modulates the response of ATMs to free fatty acids within obese adipose tissue is limited. We examined the effects of hypoxia (1% O2) on the pro-inflammatory responses of human monocyte-derived macrophages to the saturated fatty acid palmitate. Compared with normoxia, hypoxia significantly increased palmitate-induced mRNA expression and protein secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β. Although palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and nuclear factor κB pathway activation were not enhanced by hypoxia, hypoxia increased the activation of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in palmitate-treated cells. Inhibition of JNK blocked the hypoxic induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, whereas knockdown of hypoxia-induced transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α alone or in combination failed to reduce IL-6 and only modestly reduced IL-1β gene expression in palmitate-treated hypoxic macrophages. Enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and JNK activity under hypoxia were prevented by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, silencing of dual-specificity phosphatase 16 increased normoxic levels of IL-6 and IL-1β and reduced the hypoxic potentiation in palmitate-treated macrophages. The secretome of hypoxic palmitate-treated macrophages promoted IL-6 and macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 expression in primary human adipocytes, which was sensitive to macrophage JNK inhibition. Our results reveal that the coexistence of hypoxia along with free fatty acids exacerbates macrophage-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Boß
- From the Institute of Biochemistry I and
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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1129
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Transcriptional Activation of Inflammatory Genes: Mechanistic Insight into Selectivity and Diversity. Biomolecules 2015; 5:3087-111. [PMID: 26569329 PMCID: PMC4693271 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation, an integral part of host defence and immunity, is a highly conserved cellular response to pathogens and other harmful stimuli. An inflammatory stimulation triggers transcriptional activation of selective pro-inflammatory genes that carry out specific functions such as anti-microbial activity or tissue healing. Based on the nature of inflammatory stimuli, an extensive exploitation of selective transcriptional activations of pro-inflammatory genes is performed by the host to ensure a defined inflammatory response. Inflammatory signal transductions are initiated by the recognition of inflammatory stimuli by transmembrane receptors, followed by the transmission of the signals to the nucleus for differential gene activations. The differential transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory genes is precisely controlled by the selective binding of transcription factors to the promoters of these genes. Among a number of transcription factors identified to date, NF-κB still remains the most prominent and studied factor for its diverse range of selective transcriptional activities. Differential transcriptional activities of NF-κB are dictated by post-translational modifications, specificities in dimer formation, and variability in activation kinetics. Apart from the differential functions of transcription factors, the transcriptional activation of selective pro-inflammatory genes is also governed by chromatin structures, epigenetic markers, and other regulators as the field is continuously expanding.
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1130
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Shah S, Mostafa MM, McWhae A, Traves SL, Newton R. Negative Feed-forward Control of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) by Tristetraprolin (ZFP36) Is Limited by the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase, Dual-specificity Phosphatase 1 (DUSP1): IMPLICATIONS FOR REGULATION BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:110-25. [PMID: 26546680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF is central to inflammation and may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The 3'-untranslated region of the TNF transcript contains AU-rich elements (AREs) that are targeted by the RNA-binding protein, tristetraprolin (also known as zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36)), which is itself up-regulated by inflammatory stimuli, to promote mRNA degradation. Using primary human bronchial epithelial and pulmonary epithelial A549 cells, we confirm that interleukin-1β (IL1B) induces expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), ZFP36, and TNF. Whereas IL1B-induced DUSP1 is involved in feedback control of MAPK pathways, ZFP36 exerts negative (incoherent) feed-forward control of TNF mRNA and protein expression. DUSP1 silencing increased IL1B-induced ZFP36 expression at 2 h and profoundly repressed TNF mRNA at 6 h. This was partly due to increased TNF mRNA degradation, an effect that was reduced by ZFP36 silencing. This confirms a regulatory network, whereby DUSP1-dependent negative feedback control reduces feed-forward control by ZFP36. Conversely, whereas DUSP1 overexpression and inhibition of MAPKs prevented IL1B-induced expression of ZFP36, this was associated with increased TNF mRNA expression at 6 h, an effect that was predominantly due to elevated transcription. This points to MAPK-dependent feed-forward control of TNF involving ZFP36-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In terms of repression by dexamethasone, neither silencing of DUSP1, silencing of ZFP36, nor silencing of both together prevented the repression of IL1B-induced TNF expression, thereby demonstrating the need for further repressive mechanisms by anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids. In summary, these data illustrate why understanding the competing effects of feedback and feed-forward control is relevant to the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suharsh Shah
- From the Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Mahmoud M Mostafa
- From the Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Andrew McWhae
- From the Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Traves
- From the Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- From the Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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1131
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Lee YM, Han SI, Song BC, Yeum KJ. Bioactives in Commonly Consumed Cereal Grains: Implications for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Med Food 2015; 18:1179-86. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mi Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Han
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea
| | - Byeng Chun Song
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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1132
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Shen W, Chang A, Wang J, Zhou W, Gao R, Li J, Xu Y, Luo X, Xiang R, Luo N, Stupack DG. TIFA, an inflammatory signaling adaptor, is tumor suppressive for liver cancer. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e173. [PMID: 26501855 PMCID: PMC4632091 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TIFA (TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)-interacting protein with a Forkhead-associated (FHA) domain), also called T2BP, was first identified using a yeast two-hybrid screening. TIFA contains a FHA domain, which directly binds phosphothreonine and phosphoserine, and a consensus TRAF6-binding motif. TIFA-mediated oligomerization and poly-ubiquitinylation of TRAF6 mediates signaling downstream of the Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (TNFaR-I) and interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways. Examining TIFA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues microarrays, we noted marked decreases TIFA reactivity in tumor versus control samples. In agreement, we found that HCC cell lines show reduced TIFA expression levels versus normal liver controls. Reconstituting TIFA expression in HCC cell lines promoted two independent apoptosis signaling pathways: the induction of p53 and cell cycle arrest, and the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. In contrast, the expression of a non-oligomerizing mutant of TIFA impacted cells minimally, and suppression of TIFA expression protected cells from apoptosis. Mice bearing TIFA overexpression hepatocellular xenografts develop smaller tumors versus TIFA mutant tumors; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining demonstrates increased cell apoptosis, and decreased proliferation, reflecting cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, p53 has a greater role in decreased proliferation than cell death, as it appeared dispensable for TIFA-induced cell killing. The findings demonstrate a novel suppressive role of TIFA in HCC progression via promotion of cell death independent of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - A Chang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - W Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - R Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - R Xiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - N Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - D G Stupack
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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1133
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Baladi T, Abet V, Piguel S. State-of-the-art of small molecule inhibitors of the TAM family: the point of view of the chemist. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105:220-37. [PMID: 26498569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The TAM family of tyrosine kinases receptors (Tyro3, Axl and Mer) is implicated in cancer development, autoimmune reactions and viral infection and is therefore emerging as an effective and attractive therapeutic target. To date, only a few small molecules have been intentionally designed to block the TAM kinases, while most of the inhibitors were developed for blocking different protein kinases and then identified through selectivity profile studies. This minireview will examine in terms of chemical structure the different compounds able to act on either one, two or three TAM kinases with details about structure-activity relationships, drug-metabolism and pharmacokinetics properties where they exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baladi
- Institut Curie/UMR9187-U1196, 91405 Orsay cedex, France; Univ Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | | | - Sandrine Piguel
- Institut Curie/UMR9187-U1196, 91405 Orsay cedex, France; Univ Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.
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1134
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Adamovsky O, Moosova Z, Pekarova M, Basu A, Babica P, Svihalkova Sindlerova L, Kubala L, Blaha L. Immunomodulatory Potency of Microcystin, an Important Water-Polluting Cyanobacterial Toxin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12457-12464. [PMID: 26380879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are primarily hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria and are responsible for intoxication in humans and animals. There are many incidents of chronic exposure to MCs, which have been attributed to the inappropriate treatment of water supplies or contaminated food. Using RAW 264.7 macrophages, we showed the potency of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) to stimulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6) as a consequence of fast nuclear factor κB and nitrogen-activated protein kinase activation. In contrast to other studies, the observed effects were not attributed to the intracellular inhibition of protein phosphatases 1/2A due to lack of specific transmembrane transporters for MCs. However, the MC-LR-induced activation of macrophages was effectively inhibited by a specific peptide that blocks signaling of receptors, which play a pivotal role in the innate immune responses. Taken together, we showed for the first time that MC-LR could interfere with macrophage receptors that are responsible for triggering the above-mentioned signaling pathways. These findings provide an interesting mechanistic explanation of some adverse health outcomes associated with toxic cyanobacteria and MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Adamovsky
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Moosova
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Basu
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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1135
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Hashino M, Tachibana M, Nishida T, Hara H, Tsuchiya K, Mitsuyama M, Watanabe K, Shimizu T, Watarai M. Inactivation of the MAPK signaling pathway by Listeria monocytogenes infection promotes trophoblast giant cell death. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1145. [PMID: 26528279 PMCID: PMC4607873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has a well-characterized ability to cross the placental barrier, resulting in spontaneous abortion and fetal infections. However, the mechanisms resulting in infection-associated abortion are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the dephosphorylation of MAPK family proteins caused by L. monocytogenes infection of trophoblast giant (TG) cells, which are placental immune cells, contributes to infectious abortion. Dephosphorylation of c-Jun, p38, and ERK1/2 was observed in infected TG cells, causing the downregulation of cytoprotective heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Blocking the dephosphorylation of proteins, including MAPK family proteins, inhibited the decrease in HO-1 expression. Treatment with MAPK inhibitors inhibited bacterial internalization into TG cells. Moreover, Toll-like receptor 2 involved in the expression of MAPK family proteins. Infection with a listeriolysin O-deleted mutant impaired dephosphorylation of MAPK family proteins in TG cells and did not induce infectious abortion in a mouse model. These results suggest that inactivation of the MAPK pathway by L. monocytogenes induces TG cell death and causes infectious abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hashino
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida Campus Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masato Tachibana
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida Campus Yamaguchi, Japan ; Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishida
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida Campus Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hideki Hara
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan ; Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan ; Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Mitsuyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan ; Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida Campus Yamaguchi, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University at Yamaguchi Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida Campus Yamaguchi, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University at Yamaguchi Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahisa Watarai
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida Campus Yamaguchi, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University at Yamaguchi Yamaguchi, Japan
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1136
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Gruosso T, Garnier C, Abelanet S, Kieffer Y, Lemesre V, Bellanger D, Bieche I, Marangoni E, Sastre-Garau X, Mieulet V, Mechta-Grigoriou F. MAP3K8/TPL-2/COT is a potential predictive marker for MEK inhibitor treatment in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8583. [PMID: 26456302 PMCID: PMC4633961 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a silent disease with a poor prognosis that urgently requires new therapeutic strategies. In low-grade ovarian tumours, mutations in the MAP3K BRAF gene constitutively activate the downstream kinase MEK. Here we demonstrate that an additional MAP3K, MAP3K8 (TPL-2/COT), accumulates in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) and is a potential prognostic marker for these tumours. By combining analyses on HGSC patient cohorts, ovarian cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrate that MAP3K8 controls cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating key players in G1/S transition and adhesion dynamics. In addition, we show that the MEK pathway is the main pathway involved in mediating MAP3K8 function, and that MAP3K8 exhibits a reliable predictive value for the effectiveness of MEK inhibitor treatment. Our data highlight key roles for MAP3K8 in HGSC and indicate that MEK inhibitors could be a useful treatment strategy, in combination with conventional chemotherapy, for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gruosso
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Camille Garnier
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Sophie Abelanet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Vincent Lemesre
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France.,Genomics and Biology of the Hereditary Breast Cancers, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Precinical Investigation, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | | | - Virginie Mieulet
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France.,Inserm, Genetics and Biology of Cancers, U830, Paris F-75248, France
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1137
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Dental Pulp Defence and Repair Mechanisms in Dental Caries. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:230251. [PMID: 26538821 PMCID: PMC4619960 DOI: 10.1155/2015/230251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease resulting from the penetration of oral bacteria into the enamel and dentin. Microorganisms subsequently trigger inflammatory responses in the dental pulp. These events can lead to pulp healing if the infection is not too severe following the removal of diseased enamel and dentin tissues and clinical restoration of the tooth. However, chronic inflammation often persists in the pulp despite treatment, inducing permanent loss of normal tissue and reducing innate repair capacities. For complete tooth healing the formation of a reactionary/reparative dentin barrier to distance and protect the pulp from infectious agents and restorative materials is required. Clinical and in vitro experimental data clearly indicate that dentin barrier formation only occurs when pulp inflammation and infection are minimised, thus enabling reestablishment of tissue homeostasis and health. Therefore, promoting the resolution of pulp inflammation may provide a valuable therapeutic opportunity to ensure the sustainability of dental treatments. This paper focusses on key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pulp responses to bacteria and in the pulpal transition between caries-induced inflammation and dentinogenic-based repair. We report, using selected examples, different strategies potentially used by odontoblasts and specialized immune cells to combat dentin-invading bacteria in vivo.
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1138
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Khakpour S, Wilhelmsen K, Hellman J. Vascular endothelial cell Toll-like receptor pathways in sepsis. Innate Immun 2015; 21:827-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425915606525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium forms a vast network that dynamically regulates vascular barrier function, coagulation pathways and vasomotor tone. Microvascular endothelial cells are uniquely situated to play key roles during infection and injury, owing to their widespread distribution throughout the body and their constant interaction with circulating blood. While not viewed as classical immune cells, endothelial cells express innate immune receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which activate intracellular inflammatory pathways mediated through NF-κB and the MAP kinases. TLR agonists, including LPS and bacterial lipopeptides, directly upregulate microvascular endothelial cell expression of inflammatory mediators. Intriguingly, TLR activation also modulates microvascular endothelial cell permeability and the expression of coagulation pathway intermediaries. Microvascular thrombi have been hypothesized to trap microorganisms thereby limiting the spread of infection. However, dysregulated activation of endothelial inflammatory pathways is also believed to lead to coagulopathy and increased vascular permeability, which together promote sepsis-induced organ failure. This article reviews vascular endothelial cell innate immune pathways mediated through the TLRs as they pertain to sepsis, highlighting links between TLRs and coagulation and permeability pathways, and their role in healthy and pathologic responses to infection and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khakpour
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Immunology Programs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Immunology Programs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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1139
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Bastin G, Yang JY, Heximer SP. Gαi3-Dependent Inhibition of JNK Activity on Intracellular Membranes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:128. [PMID: 26389115 PMCID: PMC4555961 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling has been shown to modulate a wide variety of intracellular signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. The activity of one MAPK family class, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), has been traditionally linked to the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the plasma membrane. Using a unique set of G-protein signaling tools developed in our laboratory, we show that subcellular domain-specific JNK activity is inhibited by the activation of Gαi3, the Gαi isoform found predominantly within intracellular membranes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi interface, and their associated vesicle pools. Regulators of intracellular Gαi3, including activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3) and the regulator of G-protein signaling protein 4 (RGS4), have a marked impact on the regulation of JNK activity. Together, these data support the existence of unique intracellular signaling complexes that control JNK activity deep within the cell. This work highlights some of the cellular pathways that are regulated by these intracellular complexes and identifies potential strategies for their regulation in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bastin
- Department of Physiology, Heart and Stroke, Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Jin Ye Yang
- Department of Physiology, Heart and Stroke, Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Scott P Heximer
- Department of Physiology, Heart and Stroke, Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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1140
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Wang Q, Zhou S, Wang JY, Cao J, Zhang X, Wang J, Han K, Cheng Q, Qiu G, Zhao Y, Li X, Qiao C, Li Y, Hou C, Zhang J. RACK1 antagonizes TNF-α-induced cell death by promoting p38 activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14298. [PMID: 26381936 PMCID: PMC4585558 DOI: 10.1038/srep14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity has been reported to either promote or suppress cell death, which depends on cell type and stimulus. Our previous report indicates that p38 exerts a protective role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced cell death in L929 fibroblastoma cells. However, key molecules regulating p38 activation remain unclear. Here, we show that ectopic expression of scaffold protein receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) suppressed TNF-α-induced cell death in L929 cells, which was associated with enhanced p38 activation. Knockdown of endogenous RACK1 expression exhibited opposite effects. The protective role of RACK1 in TNF-α-induced cell death diminished upon blockade of p38 activation. Therefore, RACK1 antagonizes TNF-α-induced cell death through, at least partially, augmenting p38 activation. Further exploration revealed that RACK1 directly bound to MKK3/6 and enhanced the kinase activity of MKK3/6 without affecting MKK3/6 phosphorylation. Similar effects of RACK1 were also observed in primary murine hepatocytes, another cell type sensitive to TNF-α-induced cell death. Taken together, our data suggest that RACK1 is a key factor involved in p38 activation as well as TNF-α-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Silei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yang Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Junxia Cao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Qiu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Hou
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, P. R. China
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1141
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cumin Essential Oil by Blocking JNK, ERK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:474509. [PMID: 26425131 PMCID: PMC4575746 DOI: 10.1155/2015/474509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L.) have been commonly used in food flavoring and perfumery. In this study, cumin essential oil (CuEO) extracted from seeds was employed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 26 volatile constituents were identified in CuEO by GC-MS, and the most abundant constituent was cuminaldehyde (48.773%). Mitochondrial-respiration-dependent 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) reduction assay demonstrated that CuEO did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect at the employed concentrations (0.0005–0.01%). Real-time PCR tests showed that CuEO significantly inhibited the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin- (IL-) 1, and IL-6. Moreover, western blotting analysis revealed that CuEO blocked LPS-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results suggested that CuEO exerted anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via inhibition of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK and JNK signaling; the chemical could be used as a source of anti-inflammatory agents as well as dietary complement for health promotion.
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1142
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Gong Z, Zhou J, Li H, Gao Y, Xu C, Zhao S, Chen Y, Cai W, Wu J. Curcumin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and protects against LPS-induced septic shock. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2132-42. [PMID: 26250869 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The NLRP3 inflammasome responds to various pathogen-derived factors and danger-associated molecules, mediating IL-1β maturation, therefore is involved in multiple inflammatory diseases. Curcumin has been shown to possess strong anti-inflammatory activity, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we sought to investigate the role and mechanism of curcumin on the inhibition of mature IL-1β production via the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. METHODS AND RESULTS Curcumin dramatically inhibited the production of mature IL-1β in LPS-primed macrophages triggered by multiple NLRP3 inflammasome activators, and also reduced the level of cleaved caspase-1 as measured by western blot and ELISA. Curcumin prevented K(+) efflux, the common trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and attenuated lysosomes disruption and intracellular ROS formation as well. The inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by curcumin was in part mediated via the suppression of extracellular regulated protein kinases phosphorylation. Furthermore, administration of curcumin significantly reduced peritoneal IL-1β and HMGB-1 concentration induced by LPS and improved the survival of mice suffering from lethal endotoxic shock. CONCLUSION Curcumin potently inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity. Our finding offers a mechanistic basis for the therapeutic potential of curcumin in septic shock and other NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Gong
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai institute of Health Science, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, P. R. China
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1143
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Booth A, Trudeau T, Gomez C, Lucia MS, Gutierrez-Hartmann A. Persistent ERK/MAPK activation promotes lactotrope differentiation and diminishes tumorigenic phenotype. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 28:1999-2011. [PMID: 25361391 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways that govern the lactotrope-specific differentiated phenotype, and those that control lactotrope proliferation in both physiological and pathological lactotrope expansion, are poorly understood. Moreover, the specific role of MAPK signaling in lactotrope proliferation vs differentiation, whether activated phosphorylated MAPK is sufficient for prolactinoma tumor formation remain unknown. Given that oncogenic Ras mutations and persistently activated phosphorylated MAPK are found in human tumors, including prolactinomas and other pituitary tumors, a better understanding of the role of MAPK in lactotrope biology is required. Here we directly examined the role of persistent Ras/MAPK signaling in differentiation, proliferation, and tumorigenesis of rat pituitary somatolactotrope GH4 cells. We stimulated Ras/MAPK signaling in a persistent, long-term manner (over 6 d) in GH4 cells using two distinct approaches: 1) a doxycycline-inducible, oncogenic V12Ras expression system; and 2) continuous addition of exogenous epidermal growth factor. We find that long-term activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway over 6 days promotes differentiation of the bihormonal somatolactotrope GH4 precursor cell into a prolactin-secreting, lactotrope cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo with GH4 cell xenograft tumors. Furthermore, we show that persistent activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway not only fails to promote cell proliferation, but also diminishes tumorigenic characteristics in GH4 cells in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that activated MAPK promotes differentiation and is not sufficient to drive tumorigenesis, suggesting that pituitary lactotrope tumor cells have the ability to evade the tumorigenic fate that is often associated with Ras/MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Booth
- Program in Reproductive Sciences and Integrated Physiology (A.B., A.G.-H.) and Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (T.T., C.G., A.G.-H.) and Pathology (M.S.L.), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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1144
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Doull L, Wattegedera SR, Longbottom D, Mwangi D, Nath M, Glass EJ, Entrican G. Late production of CXCL8 in ruminant oro-nasal turbinate cells in response to Chlamydia abortus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:97-102. [PMID: 26342452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is an important cause of ovine abortion worldwide. There are reports of abortions in cattle, but these are very rare compared to the reported incidence in sheep. The bacterium is transmitted oro-nasally and can establish a sub-clinical infection until pregnancy, when it can invade the placenta and induce an inflammatory cascade leading to placentitis and abortion. Early host-pathogen interactions could explain differential pathogenesis and subsequent disease outcome in ruminant species. In this study, we assessed the ability of sheep and cattle oro-nasal turbinate cells to sense and respond to C. abortus infection. The cells expressed toll like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) 1 and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) mRNA. In response to C. abortus infection, both ovine and bovine turbinate cells produce CXCL8 mRNA and protein late in the bacterial developmental cycle, but do not produce IL-1β or TNF-α. The UV-inactivated bacteria did not elicit a CXCL8 response, suggesting that intracellular multiplication of the bacteria is important for activating the signalling pathways. The production of innate immune cytokines from cattle and sheep turbinate cells in response to C. abortus infection was found to be largely similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Doull
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK; The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - S R Wattegedera
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - D Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - D Mwangi
- Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, KZO-300-385.6SE, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - M Nath
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, JCMB, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - E J Glass
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - G Entrican
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK; The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
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1145
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Gardner AK, Kelly CS, van Eps AW, Burns TA, Watts MR, Belknap JK. Mitogen-activated kinase pathway activation in epidermal lamellae in the acute stages of carbohydrate overload laminitis models and the effect of regional deep hypothermia on signalling pathways. Equine Vet J 2015. [PMID: 26222495 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY In sepsis models, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are reported to incite inflammatory injury to tissues and are purported to be a therapeutic target. OBJECTIVES To assess MAPK signalling in lamellae in sepsis-related laminitis (SRL) at different time points after induction of laminitis via carbohydrate overload, and to determine the effect of regional deep hypothermia (RDH) on MAPK signalling. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study using archived tissue samples. METHODS Lamellar concentrations of MAPKs were assessed in archived lamellar samples from 2 studies: 1) the starch gruel model of SRL with 3 groups (n = 6/group) of horses (control, onset of fever [DEV] Obel Grade 1 lameness [OG1]); and 2) from limbs maintained at ambient (AMB) and hypothermic (ICE) temperatures (n = 6/group) in animals given a bolus of oligofructose. Immunoblotting and immunolocalisation were used to assess lamellar concentrations and cellular localisation of total and activated (phosphorylated) forms of p38 MAPK, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) 1/2. RESULTS Lamellar samples had statistically significant increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 at the onset of OG1 laminitis (vs. control) in the starch gruel model, but showed no significant change between ICE and AMB limbs in the RDH model. Phospho-SAPK/JNK 1/2 exhibited a similar significant increase in the OG1 samples, but was also increased in ICE (vs. AMB) limbs. No statistically significant changes in lamellar p38 MAPK concentrations were noted. CONCLUSIONS Increased concentrations of activated ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK in the acute stages of SRL indicate a possible role of these signalling proteins in lamellar injury. Signalling related to ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK 1/2 pathways should be further investigated to determine if these play a detrimental role in laminitis and may be therapeutic targets to be manipulated independently of RDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gardner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, USA
| | - C S Kelly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, USA
| | - A W van Eps
- School of Veterinaary Science, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - T A Burns
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, USA
| | - M R Watts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, USA
| | - J K Belknap
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, USA
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1146
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Wilhelmsen K, Xu F, Farrar K, Tran A, Khakpour S, Sundar S, Prakash A, Wang J, Gray NS, Hellman J. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 promotes acute cellular and systemic inflammation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra86. [PMID: 26307013 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory critical illness is a syndrome that is characterized by acute inflammation and organ injury, and it is triggered by infections and noninfectious tissue injury, both of which activate innate immune receptors and pathways. Although reports suggest an anti-inflammatory role for the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), we previously found that ERK5 mediates proinflammatory responses in primary human cells in response to stimulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). We inhibited the kinase activities and reduced the abundances of ERK5 and MEK5, a MAPK kinase directly upstream of ERK5, in primary human vascular endothelial cells and monocytes, and found that ERK5 promoted inflammation induced by a broad range of microbial TLR agonists and by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, we found that inhibitors of MEK5 or ERK5 reduced the plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in mice challenged with TLR ligands or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus, as well as in mice that underwent sterile lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Finally, we found that inhibition of ERK5 protected endotoxemic mice from death. Together, our studies support a proinflammatory role for ERK5 in primary human endothelial cells and monocytes, and suggest that ERK5 is a potential therapeutic target in diverse disorders that cause inflammatory critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katherine Farrar
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alphonso Tran
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Samira Khakpour
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shirin Sundar
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Division of Critical Care Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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1147
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Xu Y, Zhang R, Li C, Yin X, Lv C, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhang X. Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse through inhibition of MAPK pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26211495 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology; Binzhou Medical University Hospital; Binzhou Medical University; Binzhou Shandong 256603 China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Binzhou Medical University Hospital; Binzhou Medical University; Binzhou Shandong 256603 China
| | - Chunli Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai Shandong 264003 China
| | - Xue Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai Shandong 264003 China
| | - Changjun Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai Shandong 264003 China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Binzhou Medical University Hospital; Binzhou Medical University; Binzhou Shandong 256603 China
| | - Wenxiang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology; Binzhou Medical University Hospital; Binzhou Medical University; Binzhou Shandong 256603 China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai Shandong 264003 China
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1148
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The cytoskeleton in cell-autonomous immunity: structural determinants of host defence. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:559-73. [PMID: 26292640 DOI: 10.1038/nri3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host cells use antimicrobial proteins, pathogen-restrictive compartmentalization and cell death in their defence against intracellular pathogens. Recent work has revealed that four components of the cytoskeleton--actin, microtubules, intermediate filaments and septins, which are well known for their roles in cell division, shape and movement--have important functions in innate immunity and cellular self-defence. Investigations using cellular and animal models have shown that these cytoskeletal proteins are crucial for sensing bacteria and for mobilizing effector mechanisms to eliminate them. In this Review, we highlight the emerging roles of the cytoskeleton as a structural determinant of cell-autonomous host defence.
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1149
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Wang B, Pakpour N, Napoli E, Drexler A, Glennon EKK, Surachetpong W, Cheung K, Aguirre A, Klyver JM, Lewis EE, Eigenheer R, Phinney BS, Giulivi C, Luckhart S. Anopheles stephensi p38 MAPK signaling regulates innate immunity and bioenergetics during Plasmodium falciparum infection. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:424. [PMID: 26283222 PMCID: PMC4539710 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit flies and mammals protect themselves against infection by mounting immune and metabolic responses that must be balanced against the metabolic needs of the pathogens. In this context, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling is critical to regulating both innate immunity and metabolism during infection. Accordingly, we asked to what extent the Asian malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi utilizes p38 MAPK signaling during infection with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Methods A. stephensi p38 MAPK (AsP38 MAPK) was identified and patterns of signaling in vitro and in vivo (midgut) were analyzed using phospho-specific antibodies and small molecule inhibitors. Functional effects of AsP38 MAPK inhibition were assessed using P. falciparum infection, quantitative real-time PCR, assays for reactive oxygen species and survivorship under oxidative stress, proteomics, and biochemical analyses. Results The genome of A. stephensi encodes a single p38 MAPK that is activated in the midgut in response to parasite infection. Inhibition of AsP38 MAPK signaling significantly reduced P. falciparum sporogonic development. This phenotype was associated with AsP38 MAPK regulation of mitochondrial physiology and stress responses in the midgut epithelium, a tissue critical for parasite development. Specifically, inhibition of AsP38 MAPK resulted in reduction in mosquito protein synthesis machinery, a shift in glucose metabolism, reduced mitochondrial metabolism, enhanced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, induction of an array of anti-parasite effector genes, and decreased resistance to oxidative stress-mediated damage. Hence, P. falciparum-induced activation of AsP38 MAPK in the midgut facilitates parasite infection through a combination of reduced anti-parasite immune defenses and enhanced host protein synthesis and bioenergetics to minimize the impact of infection on the host and to maximize parasite survival, and ultimately, transmission. Conclusions These observations suggest that, as in mammals, innate immunity and mitochondrial responses are integrated in mosquitoes and that AsP38 MAPK-dependent signaling facilitates mosquito survival during parasite infection, a fact that may attest to the relatively longer evolutionary relationship of these parasites with their invertebrate compared to their vertebrate hosts. On a practical level, improved understanding of the balances and trade-offs between resistance and metabolism could be leveraged to generate fit, resistant mosquitoes for malaria control. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1016-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Nazzy Pakpour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Anna Drexler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K K Glennon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Kong Cheung
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Alejandro Aguirre
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - John M Klyver
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Edwin E Lewis
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Richard Eigenheer
- Genome and Biomedical Sciences Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Genome and Biomedical Sciences Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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1150
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Tang S, Chen T, Yang M, Wang L, Yu Z, Xie B, Qian C, Xu S, Li N, Cao X, Wang J. Extracellular calcium elicits feedforward regulation of the Toll-like receptor-triggered innate immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 14:180-191. [PMID: 26277896 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the expanding knowledge on feedback regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, the feedforward regulation of TLR signaling for the proper innate response to invading microbes is not fully understood. Here, we report that extracellular calcium can coordinate the activation of the small GTPases Ras and Ras-proximate-1 (Rap1) upon TLR stimulation which favors activation of macrophages through a feedforward mechanism. We show that different doses of TLR agonists can trigger different levels of cytokine production, which can be potentiated by extracellular calcium but are impaired by the chelating reagent ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or by knockdown of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Upon TLR engagement, GTP-bound Ras levels are increased and GTP-bound Rap1 is decreased, which can be reversed by EGTA-mediated removal of extracellular calcium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rap1 knockdown rescues the inhibitory effects of EGTA on the TLR-triggered innate response. Examination of the TLR signaling pathway reveals that extracellular calcium may regulate the TLR response via feedforward activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. Our data suggest that an influx of extracellular calcium, mediated by STIM1-operated calcium channels, may transmit the information about the intensity of extracellular TLR stimuli to initiate innate responses at an appropriate level. Our study may provide mechanistic insight into the feedforward regulation of the TLR-triggered innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Taoyong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingjin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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