1151
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Armijo LM, Brandt YI, Mathew D, Yadav S, Maestas S, Rivera AC, Cook NC, Withers NJ, Smolyakov GA, Adolphi NL, Monson TC, Huber DL, Smyth HDC, Osiński M. Iron Oxide Nanocrystals for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2012; 2:134-146. [PMID: 28348300 PMCID: PMC5327899 DOI: 10.3390/nano2020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanocrystals have been investigated extensively in the past several years for several potential applications, such as information technology, MRI contrast agents, and for drug conjugation and delivery. A specific property of interest in biomedicine is magnetic hyperthermia—an increase in temperature resulting from the thermal energy released by magnetic nanocrystals in an external alternating magnetic field. Iron oxide nanocrystals of various sizes and morphologies were synthesized and tested for specific losses (heating power) using frequencies of 111.1 kHz and 629.2 kHz, and corresponding magnetic field strengths of 9 and 25 mT. Polymorphous nanocrystals as well as spherical nanocrystals and nanowires in paramagnetic to ferromagnetic size range exhibited good heating power. A remarkable 30 °C temperature increase was observed in a nanowire sample at 111 kHz and magnetic field of 25 mT (19.6 kA/m), which is very close to the typical values of 100 kHz and 20 mT used in medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha M Armijo
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Yekaterina I Brandt
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Dimple Mathew
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Surabhi Yadav
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Salomon Maestas
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Antonio C Rivera
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Nathaniel C Cook
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Nathan J Withers
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Gennady A Smolyakov
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Natalie L Adolphi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Todd C Monson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Nanomaterials Sciences, P.O. Box 5800, MS 1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Dale L Huber
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 1000 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA.
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Marek Osiński
- Center for High Technology Materials, 1313 Goddard SE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
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1152
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CHANDRA S, NITHYAMATHI N, SELVAMANI P, BAHADUR D. IMMOBILIZATION OF BSA ON DENDRIMER FUNCTIONALIZED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x11008770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared and functionalized by succinamide based dendrimer. The resultant particles were characterized by XRD, VSM, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the dendrimers has effectively functionalized the magnetite nanoparticles which remain dispersive and exhibited super-paramagnetism with a magnetization value of 33.2 emu/g in a field of 2T. Mean particle size as calculated from the AFM was found to be ~ 23 nm. Bovine serum albumin was immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticles as was confirmed by the FTIR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. CHANDRA
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - N. NITHYAMATHI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University-Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P. SELVAMANI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University-Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - D. BAHADUR
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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1153
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Qiao R, Jia Q, Hüwel S, Xia R, Liu T, Gao F, Galla HJ, Gao M. Receptor-mediated delivery of magnetic nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3304-10. [PMID: 22443607 DOI: 10.1021/nn300240p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A brain delivery probe was prepared by covalently conjugating lactoferrin (Lf) to a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle in order to facilitate the transport of the nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by receptor-mediated transcytosis via the Lf receptor present on cerebral endothelial cells. The efficacy of the Fe(3)O(4)-Lf conjugate to cross the BBB was evaluated in vitro using a cell culture model for the blood-brain barrier as well as in vivo in SD rats. For an in vitro experiment, a well-established porcine BBB model was used based on the primary culture of cerebral capillary endothelial cells grown on filter supports, thus allowing one to follow the transfer of nanoparticles from the apical (blood) to the basolateral (brain) side. For in vivo experiments, SD rats were used as animal model to detect the passage of the nanoparticles through the BBB by MRI techniques. The results of both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that the Fe(3)O(4)-Lf probe exhibited an enhanced ability to cross the BBB in comparison to the PEG-coated Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and further suggested that the Lf-receptor-mediated transcytosis was an effective measure for delivering the nanoparticles across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Qiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiaojuan Jia
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sabine Hüwel
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm Klemm Straße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rui Xia
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fabao Gao
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm Klemm Straße 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
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1154
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Roca AG, Carmona D, Miguel-Sancho N, Bomatí-Miguel O, Balas F, Piquer C, Santamaría J. Surface functionalization for tailoring the aggregation and magnetic behaviour of silica-coated iron oxide nanostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:155603. [PMID: 22456200 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/15/155603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report here a detailed structural and magnetic study of different silica nanocapsules containing uniform and highly crystalline maghemite nanoparticles. The magnetic phase consists of 5 nm triethylene glycol (TREG)- or dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-coated maghemite particles. TREG-coated nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition. In a second step, TREG ligands were exchanged by DMSA. After the ligand exchange, the ζ potential of the particles changed from -10 to -40 mV, whereas the hydrodynamic size remained constant at around 15 nm. Particles coated by TREG and DMSA were encapsulated in silica following a sol-gel procedure. The encapsulation of TREG-coated nanoparticles led to large magnetic aggregates, which were embedded in coalesced silica structures. However, DMSA-coated nanoparticles led to small magnetic clusters inserted in silica spheres of around 100 nm. The final nanostructures can be described as the result of several competing factors at play. Magnetic measurements indicate that in the TREG-coated nanoparticles the interparticle magnetic interaction scenario has not dramatically changed after the silica encapsulation, whereas in the DMSA-coated nanoparticles, the magnetic interactions were screened due to the function of the silica template. Moreover, the analysis of the AC susceptibility suggests that our systems essentially behave as cluster spin glass systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Roca
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Edificio I+D, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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1155
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Nazli C, Ergenc TI, Yar Y, Acar HY, Kizilel S. RGDS-functionalized polyethylene glycol hydrogel-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles enhance specific intracellular uptake by HeLa cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1903-20. [PMID: 22619531 PMCID: PMC3356191 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop thin, biocompatible, and biofunctional hydrogel-coated small-sized nanoparticles that exhibit favorable stability, viability, and specific cellular uptake. This article reports the coating of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) with covalently cross-linked biofunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. Silanized MIONPs were derivatized with eosin Y, and the covalently cross-linked biofunctional PEG hydrogel coating was achieved via surface-initiated photopolymerization of PEG diacrylate in aqueous solution. The thickness of the PEG hydrogel coating, between 23 and 126 nm, was tuned with laser exposure time. PEG hydrogel-coated MIONPs were further functionalized with the fibronectin-derived arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (RGDS) sequence, in order to achieve a biofunctional PEG hydrogel layer around the nanoparticles. RGDS-bound PEG hydrogel-coated MIONPs showed a 17-fold higher uptake by the human cervical cancer HeLa cell line than that of amine-coated MIONPs. This novel method allows for the coating of MIONPs with nano-thin biofunctional hydrogel layers that may prevent undesirable cell and protein adhesion and may allow for cellular uptake in target tissues in a specific manner. These findings indicate that the further biofunctional PEG hydrogel coating of MIONPs is a promising platform for enhanced specific cell targeting in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Nazli
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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1156
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Fang M, Ström V, Olsson RT, Belova L, Rao KV. Particle size and magnetic properties dependence on growth temperature for rapid mixed co-precipitated magnetite nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:145601. [PMID: 22433909 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/14/145601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles have been prepared by co-precipitation using a custom-designed jet mixer to achieve rapid mixing (RM) of reactants in a timescale of milliseconds. The quick and stable nucleation obtained allows control of the particle size and size distribution via a more defined growth process. Nanoparticles of different sizes were prepared by controlling the processing temperature in the first few seconds post-mixing. The average size of the nanoparticles investigated using a Tecnai transmission electron microscope is found to increase with the temperature from 3.8 nm at 1 ± 1 °C to 10.9 nm for particles grown at 95 ± 1 °C. The temperature dependence of the size distribution follows the same trend and is explained in terms of Ostwald ripening of the magnetite nanoparticles during the co-precipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+). The magnetic properties were studied by monitoring the blocking temperature via both DC and AC techniques. Strikingly, the obtained RM particles maintain the high magnetization (as high as ∼88 A m(2) kg(-1) at 500 kA m(-1)) while the coercivity is as low as ∼12 A m(-1) with the expected temperature dependence. Besides, by adding a drop of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, aqueous ferrofluids with long term stability are obtained, suggesting their suitability for applications in ferrofluid technology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE 10044, Sweden
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1157
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KAZEMZADEH HAMID, ATAIE ABOLGHASEM, RASHCHI FERESHTEH. SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETITE NANO-PARTICLES BY REVERSE CO-PRECIPITATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s2010194512001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnetite nano-particles have been synthesized by reverse co -precipitation method using iron salts in alkaline medium in the presence of diethylene glycol (DEG). Effect of DEG on the nano-particle characteristics was investigated by XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR and VSM techniques. From XRD results it was concluded that in the presence of DEG the composition of magnetite did not change, however the mean crystallite size reduced from 10 to 5 nm. SEM micrograph showed that DEG decreased the size of spherical magnetite nano-particles from 50 to 20 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) indicated that the DEG molecules chemisorbed on the magnetite nano-particles. Under the given experimental conditions, the rate of crystallization and growth reduced, which is probably due to the capping of DEG to the magnetite nano-particles. The agglomeration was also decreased which is attributed to the coating of magnetite nano-particles by DEG which prevents the formation of hydrogen bonding between magnetite and water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- HAMID KAZEMZADEH
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - ABOLGHASEM ATAIE
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - FERESHTEH RASHCHI
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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1158
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Colombo M, Carregal-Romero S, Casula MF, Gutiérrez L, Morales MP, Böhm IB, Heverhagen JT, Prosperi D, Parak WJ. Biological applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4306-34. [PMID: 22481569 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review an overview about biological applications of magnetic colloidal nanoparticles will be given, which comprises their synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo applications. The potential future role of magnetic nanoparticles compared to other functional nanoparticles will be discussed by highlighting the possibility of integration with other nanostructures and with existing biotechnology as well as by pointing out the specific properties of magnetic colloids. Current limitations in the fabrication process and issues related with the outcome of the particles in the body will be also pointed out in order to address the remaining challenges for an extended application of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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1159
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Jiang H, Liu F, Yang H, Li Y. Effects of cobalt nanoparticles on human T cells in vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:23-9. [PMID: 21968949 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the potential risk of degradation products of metal-on-metal bearings in joint arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthopedic-related cobalt nanoparticles on human T cells in vitro. T cells were collected using magnetic CD3 microbeads and exposed to different concentrations of cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt chloride. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Cobalt nanoparticles dissolution in culture medium was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. To study the probable mechanism of cobalt nanoparticles effects on T cells, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase level was measured. Cobalt nanoparticles and cobalt ions could inhibit cell viability and enhance lactate dehydrogenase release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The levels of cobalt ion released from cobalt nanoparticles in the culture medium were less than 40% and increased with cobalt nanoparticles concentration. Cobalt nanoparticles could induce primary DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner, and the DNA damage caused by cobalt nanoparticles was heavier than that caused by cobalt ions. Cobalt nanoparticles exposure could significantly decrease superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities at subtoxic concentrations (6 μM, <CC(50)). These findings suggested that cobalt nanoparticles could generate potential risks to the T cells of patients suffer from metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty, and the inhibition of antioxidant capacity may play important role in cobalt nanoparticles effects on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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1160
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Ling Y, Wei K, Zou F, Zhong S. Temozolomide loaded PLGA-based superparamagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging and treatment of malignant glioma. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:266-75. [PMID: 22486964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 coated temozolomide-loaded PLGA-based superparamagnetic nanoparticles (P80-TMZ/SPIO-NPs) were successfully synthesized and characterized as drug carriers and diagnosis agent for malignant brain glioma. The mean size of P80-TMZ/SPIO-NPs was 220 nm with narrow hydrodynamic particle size distribution. The superparamagnetic characteristic of P80-TMZ/SPIO-NPs was proved by vibration simple magnetometer. P80-TMZ/SPIO-NPs exhibited high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency as well as good sustained drug release performance for 15 days. MTT assay demonstrated the antiproliferative effect of P80-TMZ/SPIO-NPs for C6 glioma cells. Significant cellular uptake of P80-TMZ/SPIO-NPs was evaluated in C6 glioma cells by fluorescence microscopy, Prussian blue staining, and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for qualitative and quantitative study, respectively. MRI scanning analyses in vitro indicated that P80-TMZ/SPIO-NPs could be used as a good MRI contrast agent. Polysorbate 80 coated temozolomide-loaded PLGA-based superparamagnetic nanoparticles could be able to promise a multifunctional theragnostic carrier of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ling
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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1161
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Botta M, Tei L. Relaxivity Enhancement in Macromolecular and Nanosized GdIII-Based MRI Contrast Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1162
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Patel V, Papineni RVL, Gupta S, Stoyanova R, Ahmed MM. A realistic utilization of nanotechnology in molecular imaging and targeted radiotherapy of solid tumors. Radiat Res 2012; 177:483-95. [PMID: 22404738 DOI: 10.1667/rr2597.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Precise dose delivery to malignant tissue in radiotherapy is of paramount importance for treatment efficacy while minimizing morbidity of surrounding normal tissues. Current conventional imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT), are used to define the three-dimensional shape and volume of the tumor for radiation therapy. In many cases, these radiographic imaging (RI) techniques are ambiguous or provide limited information with regard to tumor margins and histopathology. Molecular imaging (MI) modalities, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon-emission computed-tomography (SPECT) that can characterize tumor tissue, are rapidly becoming routine in radiation therapy. However, their inherent low spatial resolution impedes tumor delineation for the purposes of radiation treatment planning. This review will focus on applications of nanotechnology to synergize imaging modalities in order to accurately highlight, as well as subsequently target, tumor cells. Furthermore, using such nano-agents for imaging, simultaneous coupling of novel therapeutics including radiosensitizers can be delivered specifically to the tumor to maximize tumor cell killing while sparing normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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1163
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Rümenapp C, Gleich B, Haase A. Magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging and diagnostics. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1165-79. [PMID: 22392330 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are useful as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Paramagnetic contrast agents have been used for a long time, but more recently superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) have been discovered to influence MRI contrast as well. In contrast to paramagnetic contrast agents, SPIOs can be functionalized and size-tailored in order to adapt to various kinds of soft tissues. Although both types of contrast agents have a inducible magnetization, their mechanisms of influence on spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation of protons are different. A special emphasis on the basic magnetism of nanoparticles and their structures as well as on the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance is made. Examples of different contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images are given. The potential use of magnetic nanoparticles as diagnostic tracers is explored. Additionally, SPIOs can be used in diagnostic magnetic resonance, since the spin relaxation time of water protons differs, whether magnetic nanoparticles are bound to a target or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rümenapp
- Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik, IMETUM, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
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1164
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Palombo M, Gabrielli A, De Santis S, Capuani S. The γ parameter of the stretched-exponential model is influenced by internal gradients: validation in phantoms. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 216:28-36. [PMID: 22277782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the image contrast that characterizes anomalous and non-gaussian diffusion images obtained using the stretched exponential model. This model is based on the introduction of the γ stretched parameter, which quantifies deviation from the mono-exponential decay of diffusion signal as a function of the b-value. To date, the biophysical substrate underpinning the contrast observed in γ maps, in other words, the biophysical interpretation of the γ parameter (or the fractional order derivative in space, β parameter) is still not fully understood, although it has already been applied to investigate both animal models and human brain. Due to the ability of γ maps to reflect additional microstructural information which cannot be obtained using diffusion procedures based on gaussian diffusion, some authors propose this parameter as a measure of diffusion heterogeneity or water compartmentalization in biological tissues. Based on our recent work we suggest here that the coupling between internal and diffusion gradients provide pseudo-superdiffusion effects which are quantified by the stretching exponential parameter γ. This means that the image contrast of Mγ maps reflects local magnetic susceptibility differences (Δχ(m)), thus highlighting better than T(2)(∗) contrast the interface between compartments characterized by Δχ(m). Thanks to this characteristic, Mγ imaging may represent an interesting tool to develop contrast-enhanced MRI for molecular imaging. The spectroscopic and imaging experiments (performed in controlled micro-beads dispersion) that are reported here, strongly suggest internal gradients, and as a consequence Δχ(m), to be an important factor in fully understanding the source of contrast in anomalous diffusion methods that are based on a stretched exponential model analysis of diffusion data obtained at varying gradient strengths g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palombo
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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1165
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Wankhede M, Bouras A, Kaluzova M, Hadjipanayis CG. Magnetic nanoparticles: an emerging technology for malignant brain tumor imaging and therapy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 5:173-86. [PMID: 22390560 PMCID: PMC3461264 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a promising nanomaterial for the targeted therapy and imaging of malignant brain tumors. Conjugation of peptides or antibodies to the surface of MNPs allows direct targeting of the tumor cell surface and potential disruption of active signaling pathways present in tumor cells. Delivery of nanoparticles to malignant brain tumors represents a formidable challenge due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and infiltrating cancer cells in the normal brain. Newer strategies permit better delivery of MNPs systemically and by direct convection-enhanced delivery to the brain. Completion of a human clinical trial involving direct injection of MNPs into recurrent malignant brain tumors for thermotherapy has established their feasibility, safety and efficacy in patients. Future translational studies are in progress to understand the promising impact of MNPs in the treatment of malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Wankhede
- Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 6200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexandros Bouras
- Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 6200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Milota Kaluzova
- Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 6200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Costas G Hadjipanayis
- Brain Tumor Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 6200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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1166
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Zhang Q, Luan L, Feng S, Yan H, Liu K. Using a bifunctional polymer for the functionalization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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1167
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Shukla MK, Singh RP, Reddy CRK, Jha B. Synthesis and characterization of agar-based silver nanoparticles and nanocomposite film with antibacterial applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:295-300. [PMID: 22244898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and nanocomposite material using agar extracted from the red alga Gracilaria dura. Characterization of silver nanoparticles was carried out based on UV-Vis spectroscopy (421 nm), transmission electron microscopy, EDX, SAED and XRD analysis. The thermal stability of agar/silver nanocomposite film determined by TGA and DSC analysis showed distinct patterns when compared with their raw material (agar and AgNO(3)). The TEM findings revealed that the silver nanoparticles synthesized were spherical in shape, 6 nm in size with uniform dispersal. The synthesized nanoparticles had the great bactericidal activity with reduction of 99.9% of bacteria over the control value. The time required for synthesis of silver nanoparticles was found to be temperature dependent and higher the temperature less the time for nanoparticles formation. DSC and XRD showed approximately the same crystalline index (CI(DSC) 0.73).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Shukla
- Discipline of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
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1168
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Sarwar A, Nemirovski A, Shapiro B. Optimal Halbach Permanent Magnet Designs for Maximally Pulling and Pushing Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2012; 324:742-754. [PMID: 23335834 PMCID: PMC3547684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optimization methods are presented to design Halbach arrays to maximize the forces applied on magnetic nanoparticles at deep tissue locations. In magnetic drug targeting, where magnets are used to focus therapeutic nanoparticles to disease locations, the sharp fall off of magnetic fields and forces with distances from magnets has limited the depth of targeting. Creating stronger forces at depth by optimally designed Halbach arrays would allow treatment of a wider class of patients, e.g. patients with deeper tumors. The presented optimization methods are based on semi-definite quadratic programming, yield provably globally optimal Halbach designs in 2 and 3-dimensions, for maximal pull or push magnetic forces (stronger pull forces can collect nano-particles against blood forces in deeper vessels; push forces can be used to inject particles into precise locations, e.g. into the inner ear). These Halbach designs, here tested in simulations of Maxwell's equations, significantly outperform benchmark magnets of the same size and strength. For example, a 3-dimensional 36 element 2000 cm(3) volume optimal Halbach design yields a ×5 greater force at a 10 cm depth compared to a uniformly magnetized magnet of the same size and strength. The designed arrays should be feasible to construct, as they have a similar strength (≤ 1 Tesla), size (≤ 2000 cm(3)), and number of elements (≤ 36) as previously demonstrated arrays, and retain good performance for reasonable manufacturing errors (element magnetization direction errors ≤ 5°), thus yielding practical designs to improve magnetic drug targeting treatment depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sarwar
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park
- University of Maryland, College Park
- Corresponding author:
| | - A. Nemirovski
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISyE), Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - B. Shapiro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park
- Institute for Systems Research, College Park
- University of Maryland, College Park
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1169
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Liu T, Li X, Qian Y, Hu X, Liu S. Multifunctional pH-Disintegrable micellar nanoparticles of asymmetrically functionalized β-cyclodextrin-Based star copolymer covalently conjugated with doxorubicin and DOTA-Gd moieties. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2521-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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1170
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An epirubicin-conjugated nanocarrier with MRI function to overcome lethal multidrug-resistant bladder cancer. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3919-30. [PMID: 22374456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a major obstacle to curing cancer. Chemotherapy failure can occur through both cell membrane drug resistance (CMDR) and nuclear drug resistance (NDR), and anticancer effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents is especially reduced by their nuclear export. Here we report an exciting magnetically-targeted nanomedicine formed by conjugation of epirubicin (EPI) to non-toxic and high-magnetization nanocarrier (HMNC). Strikingly, HMNC-EPI overcomes both CMDR and NDR in human bladder cancer cell models, without using P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and nuclear pore inhibitors. Besides, the half-life of drug is prolonged ~1.8-fold (from 45 h to 81 h) at 37 °C, with a ~10-fold increase in concentration at the tumor site through magnetic targeting (MT). Moreover, malignant NDR bladder cancer can be effectively inhibited after 14 days in mice by just two injections and MT. We are the first to demonstrate the nanomedical strategy that can overcome the CMDR and NDR bladder cancers simultaneously, and proceed to the excellent MT therapy, significantly reducing the dosage and cardiotoxicity and holding great promise for incurable human MDR bladder cancer.
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1171
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Bai MY, Moran CH, Zhang L, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang LV, Xia Y. A Facile and General Method for the Encapsulation of Different Types of Imaging Contrast Agents Within Micrometer-Sized Polymer Beads. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2012; 22:764-770. [PMID: 31866803 PMCID: PMC6924621 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) hollow beads with holes on the surfaces are employed as containers for quick loading and encapsulation of a variety of contrast enhancement agents: saline solutions for thermoacoustic tomography, iodinated organic compounds for micro-computed tomography, and perfluorooctane for magnetic resonance. Because of the hole on the surface of the PS hollow bead, the contrast agent to be encapsulated could quickly enter the hollow interior via direct flow rather than slow diffusion through the wall. After loading, the hole on the surface is conveniently sealed by annealing the sample at a temperature (e.g., 95 °C) slightly above the glass-transition temperature of PS. In vitro methods are also used to investigate the effectiveness of encapsulation by quantifying the contrast enhancement enabled by the contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yi Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Christine H Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Changjun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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1172
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Xu S, Ma WF, You LJ, Li JM, Guo J, Hu JJ, Wang CC. Toward designer magnetite/polystyrene colloidal composite microspheres with controllable nanostructures and desirable surface functionalities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3271-3278. [PMID: 22288525 DOI: 10.1021/la2043137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An effective method was developed for synthesizing magnetite/polymer colloidal composite microspheres with controllable variations in size and shape of the nanostructures and desirable interfacial chemical functionalities, using surfactant-free seeded emulsion polymerization with magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) colloidal nanocrystal clusters (CNCs) as the seed, styrene (St) as the monomer, and potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. The sub-micrometer-sized citrate-acid-stabilized Fe(3)O(4) CNCs were first obtained via ethylene glycol (EG)-mediated solvothermal synthesis, followed by 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS) modification to immobilize the active vinyl groups onto the surfaces, and then the hydrophobic St monomers were polymerized at the interfaces to form the polymer shells by seeded emulsion radical polymerization. The morphology of the composite microspheres could be controlled from raspberry- and flower-like shapes, to eccentric structures by simply adjusting the feeding weight ratio of the seed to the monomer (Fe(3)O(4)/St) and varying the amount of cross-linker divinyl benzene (DVB). The morphological transition was rationalized by considering the viscosity of monomer-swollen polymer matrix and interfacial tension between the seeds and polymer matrix. Functional groups, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and epoxy, can be facilely introduced onto the composite microspheres through copolymerization of St with other functional monomers. The resultant microspheres displayed a high saturation magnetization (46 emu/g), well-defined core-shell nanostructures, and surface chemical functionalities, as well as a sustained colloidal stability, promising for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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1173
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Magnetic nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1180-8. [PMID: 22274558 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is evolving as a new field that has a potentially high research and clinical impact. Medicine, in particular, could benefit from nanotechnology, due to emerging applications for noninvasive imaging and therapy. One important nanotechnological platform that has shown promise includes the so-called iron oxide nanoparticles. With specific relevance to cancer therapy, iron oxide nanoparticle-based therapy represents an important alternative to conventional chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. Iron oxide nanoparticles are usually composed of three main components: an iron core, a polymer coating, and functional moieties. The biodegradable iron core can be designed to be superparamagnetic. This is particularly important, if the nanoparticles are to be used as a contrast agent for noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surrounding the iron core is generally a polymer coating, which not only serves as a protective layer but also is a very important component for transforming nanoparticles into biomedical nanotools for in vivo applications. Finally, different moieties attached to the coating serve as targeting macromolecules, therapeutics payloads, or additional imaging tags. Despite the development of several nanoparticles for biomedical applications, we believe that iron oxide nanoparticles are still the most promising platform that can transform nanotechnology into a conventional medical discipline.
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1174
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Liu Y, Liu B, Feng D, Gao C, Wu M, He N, Yang X, Li L, Feng X. A progressive approach on zebrafish toward sensitive evaluation of nanoparticles' toxicity. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:285-91. [PMID: 22267261 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) possess a great promise in evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). The commonly used method on zebrafish was to calculate mortality and 5 or 6 days postfertilization (dpf) toxicity scores. However, this method could only reveal a general toxic level. To further distinguish the toxicity of NPs in the same general level, a more systematic and sensitive approach needs to be put forward. In this work, we describe a progressive approach toward the evaluation of the toxicity of MSRMs NPs we synthesized. This approach contained traditional and newly created methods. The results from traditional methods such as calculating mortality, recording 6 dpf toxicity scores and malformation types of zebrafish revealed a general low toxic level of MSRMs. Then the newly created method was conducted. By using scoring spectra of early developmental stages such as 2 or 3 dpf, we compared the malformation speeds of zebrafish exposed to different concentrations of MSRMs during the time 1 to 6 dpf. The results allowed more sensitive assessments of the toxicity of MSRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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1175
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Hoskins C, Wang L, Cheng WP, Cuschieri A. Dilemmas in the reliable estimation of the in-vitro cell viability in magnetic nanoparticle engineering: which tests and what protocols? NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:77. [PMID: 22247975 PMCID: PMC3275459 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles [MNPs] made from iron oxides have many applications in biomedicine. Full understanding of the interactions between MNPs and mammalian cells is a critical issue for their applications. In this study, MNPs were coated with poly(ethylenimine) [MNP-PEI] and poly(ethylene glycol) [MNP-PEI-PEG] to provide a subtle difference in their surface charge and their cytotoxicity which were analysed by three standard cell viability assays: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium [MTS], CellTiter-Blue and CellTiter-Glo (Promega, Southampton, UK) in SH-SY5Y and RAW 264.7 cells The data were validated by traditional trypan blue exclusion. In comparison to trypan blue manual counting, the MTS and Titer-Blue assays appeared to have consistently overestimated the viability. The Titer-Glo also experienced a small overestimation. We hypothesise that interactions were occurring between the assay systems and the nanoparticles, resulting in incorrect cell viability evaluation. To further understand the cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles on these cells, reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and cell membrane integrity were investigated. After pegylation, the MNP-PEI-PEG possessed a lower positive surface charge and exhibited much improved biocompatibility compared to MNP-PEI, as demonstrated not only by a higher cell viability, but also by a markedly reduced oxidative stress and cell membrane damage. These findings highlight the importance of assay selection and of dissection of different cellular responses in in-vitro characterisation of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Hoskins
- Institute for Medical Science and Technology (IMSaT), Wilson House, 1 Wurzburg Loan, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 1FD, UK.
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1176
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Pancholi K. A review of imaging methods for measuring drug release at nanometre scale: a case for drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:203-18. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.648374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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1177
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Kim YJ, Ryou SM, Kim S, Yeom JH, Han MS, Lee K, Seong MJ. Enhanced protein-mediated binding between oligonucleotide–gold nanoparticle composites and cell surfaces: co-transport of proteins and composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1178
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Nanocarriers as Nanomedicines. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES VS ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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1179
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Zeltner M, Grass RN, Schaetz A, Bubenhofer SB, Luechinger NA, Stark WJ. Stable dispersions of ferromagnetic carbon-coated metal nanoparticles: preparation via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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1180
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Saville SL, Stone RC, Qi B, Mefford OT. Investigation of the stability of magnetite nanoparticles functionalized with catechol based ligands in biological media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34902g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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1181
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Liu J, Wang B, Budi Hartono S, Liu T, Kantharidis P, Middelberg AP, Lu GQ(M, He L, Qiao SZ. Magnetic silica spheres with large nanopores for nucleic acid adsorption and cellular uptake. Biomaterials 2012; 33:970-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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1182
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Peacock AK, Cauët SI, Taylor A, Murray P, Williams SR, Weaver JVM, Adams DJ, Rosseinsky MJ. Poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylphosphorylcholine]-coated iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, colloidal stability and evaluation for stem cell labelling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9373-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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1183
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Yu MK, Park J, Jon S. Targeting strategies for multifunctional nanoparticles in cancer imaging and therapy. Theranostics 2012; 2:3-44. [PMID: 22272217 PMCID: PMC3263514 DOI: 10.7150/thno.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Multifunctional nanoparticles harboring various functions including targeting, imaging, therapy, and etc have been intensively studied aiming to overcome limitations associated with conventional cancer diagnosis and therapy. Of various nanoparticles, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with superparamagnetic property have shown potential as multifunctional nanoparticles for clinical translation because they have been used asmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) constrast agents in clinic and their features could be easily tailored by including targeting moieties, fluorescence dyes, or therapeutic agents. This review summarizes targeting strategies for construction of multifunctional nanoparticles including magnetic nanoparticles-based theranostic systems, and the various surface engineering strategies of nanoparticles for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangyong Jon
- Cell Dynamics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 261 Chemdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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1184
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She H, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang K, Wang Z, Peng DL. Structure, optical and magnetic properties of Ni@Au and Au@Ni nanoparticles synthesized via non-aqueous approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1185
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Ren T, Liu Q, Lu H, Liu H, Zhang X, Du J. Multifunctional polymer vesicles for ultrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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1186
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Zhao Z, Huang D, Yin Z, Chi X, Wang X, Gao J. Magnetite nanoparticles as smart carriers to manipulate the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs: magnetic control and pH-responsive release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1187
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GhoshMitra S, Diercks DR, Mills NC, Hynds DL, Ghosh S. Role of engineered nanocarriers for axon regeneration and guidance: current status and future trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:110-25. [PMID: 22240258 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are approximately 1.5 million people who experience traumatic injuries to the brain and 265,000 who experience traumatic injuries to the spinal cord each year in the United States. Currently, there are few effective treatments for central nervous system (CNS) injuries because the CNS is refractory to axonal regeneration and relatively inaccessible to many pharmacological treatments. Smart, remotely tunable, multifunctional micro- and nanocarriers hold promise for delivering treatments to the CNS and targeting specific neurons to enhance axon regeneration and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, assessing the efficacy of treatments could be enhanced by biocompatible nanovectors designed for imaging in vivo. Recent developments in nanoengineering offer promising alternatives for designing biocompatible micro- and nanovectors, including magnetic nanostructures, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dot-based systems for controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to targeted CNS cells. This review highlights recent achievements in the development of smart nanostructures to overcome the existing challenges for treating CNS injuries.
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1188
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Salas G, Costo R, Morales MDP. Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES VS ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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1189
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Zhou S, Chen Q, Hu X, Zhao T. Bifunctional luminescent superparamagnetic nanocomposites of CdSe/CdS-Fe3O4 synthesized via a facile method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1190
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Schladt TD, Koll K, Prüfer S, Bauer H, Natalio F, Dumele O, Raidoo R, Weber S, Wolfrum U, Schreiber LM, Radsak MP, Schild H, Tremel W. Multifunctional superparamagnetic MnO@SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles and their application for optical and magnetic resonance imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15320c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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1191
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Anand N, Reddy KHP, Satyanarayana T, Rao KSR, Burri DR. A magnetically recoverable γ-Fe2O3nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2-phenylquinazolines under solvent-free conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00341k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1192
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Yuen AKL, Hutton GA, Masters AF, Maschmeyer T. The interplay of catechol ligands with nanoparticulate iron oxides. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:2545-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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1193
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Rout SR, Behera B, Maiti TK, Mohapatra S. Multifunctional magnetic calcium phosphate nanoparticles for targeted platin delivery. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:10777-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1194
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Soenen SJ, De Cuyper M, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K. Investigating the toxic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles. Methods Enzymol 2012; 509:195-224. [PMID: 22568907 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391858-1.00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in biomedical research is steadily increasing, leading to the rapid development of novel IONP types and an increased exposure of cultured cells to a wide variety of IONPs. Due to the large variation in incubation conditions, IONP characteristics, and cell types studied, it is still unclear whether IONPs are generally safe or should be used with caution. During the past years, several contradictory observations have been reported, which highlight the great need for a more thorough understanding of cell-IONP interactions. To improve our knowledge in this field, there is a great need for standardized protocols and toxicity assays, that would allow to directly compare the cytotoxic potential of any IONP type with previously screened particles. Here, several approaches are described that allow to rapidly but thoroughly address several parameters which are of great impact for IONP-induced toxicity. These assays focus on acute cytotoxicity, induction of reactive oxygen species, measuring the amount of cell-associated iron, assessing cell morphology, cell proliferation, cell functionality, and possible pH-induced or intracellular IONP degradation. Together, these assays may form the basis for any detailed study on IONP cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan J Soenen
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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1195
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Yu MK, Park J, Jon S. Magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in image-guided drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2011; 2:3-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-011-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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1196
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Bhattacharjee CR, Purkayastha DD, Chetia JR. Surfactant-assisted low-temperature thermal decomposition route to spherical NiO nanoparticles. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.640396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jitu Ranjan Chetia
- b Department of Chemistry , Dibrugarh University , Dibrugarh 786 004 , Assam , India
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1197
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Silver–clay nanohybrid structure for effective and diffusion-controlled antimicrobial activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1198
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Sun C, Carpenter C, Pratx G, Xing L. Facile Synthesis of Amine-Functionalized Eu(3+)-Doped La(OH)3 Nanophosphors for Bioimaging. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:24. [PMID: 27502647 PMCID: PMC3211300 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a straightforward synthesis process to produce colloidal Eu(3+)-activated nanophosphors (NPs) for use as bioimaging probes. In this procedure, poly(ethylene glycol) serves as a high-boiling point solvent allowing for nanoscale particle formation as well as a convenient medium for solvent exchange and subsequent surface modification. The La(OH)3:Eu(3+) NPs produced by this process were ~3.5 nm in diameter as determined by transmission electron microscopy. The NP surface was coated with aminopropyltriethoxysilane to provide chemical functionality for attachment of biological ligands, improve chemical stability and prevent surface quenching of luminescent centers. Photoluminescence spectroscopy of the NPs displayed emission peaks at 597 and 615 nm (λex = 280 nm). The red emission, due to (5)D0 → (7)F1 and (5)D0 → (7)F2 transitions, was linear with concentration as observed by imaging with a conventional bioimaging system. To demonstrate the feasibility of these NPs to serve as optical probes in biological applications, an in vitro experiment was performed with HeLa cells. NP emission was observed in the cells by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the NPs displayed no cytotoxicity over the course of a 48-h MTT cell viability assay. These results suggest that La(OH)3:Eu(3+) NPs possess the potential to serve as a luminescent bioimaging probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conroy Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Room G206, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA.
| | - Colin Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Room G206, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Room G206, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Room G206, Stanford, CA, 94305-5847, USA
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1199
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Zhang F, Lees E, Amin F, Rivera Gil P, Yang F, Mulvaney P, Parak WJ. Polymer-coated nanoparticles: a universal tool for biolabelling experiments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:3113-27. [PMID: 21928301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water solubilization of nanoparticles is a fundamental prerequisite for many biological applications. To date, no single method has emerged as ideal, and several different approaches have been successfully utilized. These 'phase-transfer' strategies are reviewed, indicating key advantages and disadvantages, and a discussion of conjugation strategies is presented. Coating of hydrophobic nanoparticles with amphiphilic polymers provides a generic pathway for the phase transfer of semiconductor, magnetic, metallic, and upconverting nanoparticles from nonpolar to polar environments. Amphiphilic polymers that include maleimide groups can be readily functionalized with chemical groups for specific applications. In the second, experimental part, some of the new chemical features of such polymer-capped nanoparticles are demonstrated. In particular, nanoparticles to which a pH sensitive fluorophore has been attached are described, and their use for intracellular pH-sensing demonstrated. It is shown that the properties of analyte-sensitive fluorophores can be tuned by using interactions with the underlying nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Fachbereich Physik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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1200
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Chou TC, Hsu W, Wang CH, Chen YJ, Fang JM. Rapid and specific influenza virus detection by functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and mass spectrometry. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:52. [PMID: 22088100 PMCID: PMC3248366 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timely and accurate diagnosis of specific influenza virus strains is crucial to effective prophylaxis, vaccine preparation and early antiviral therapy. The detection of influenza A viruses is mainly accomplished using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques or antibody-based assays. In conjugation with the immunoassay utilizing monoclonal antibody, mass spectrometry is an alternative to identify proteins derived from a target influenza virus. Taking advantage of the large surface area-to-volume ratio, antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles can act as an effective probe to extract influenza virus for sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and on-bead mass spectrometric analysis. RESULTS Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were functionalized with H5N2 viral antibodies targeting the hemagglutinin protein and capped with methoxy-terminated ethylene glycol to suppress nonspecific binding. The antibody-conjugated MNPs possessed a high specificity to H5N2 virus without cross-reactivity with recombinant H5N1 viruses. The unambiguous identification of the captured hemagglutinin on magnetic nanoparticles was realized by SDS-PAGE visualization and peptide sequence identification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). CONCLUSIONS The assay combining efficient magnetic separation and MALDI-MS readout offers a rapid and sensitive method for virus screening. Direct on-MNP detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) provided high sensitivity (~10(3) EID(50) per mL) and a timely diagnosis within one hour. The magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated with monoclonal antibodies could be used as a specific probe to distinguish different subtypes of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chi Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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