1151
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Moschou EA, Chaniotakis NA. Potassium selective CHEMFET based on an ion-partitioning membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1152
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Lanthanoid ion-selective solvent polymeric membrane electrode based on 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-octadecanoyl-5-pyrazolone. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1153
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Xu D, Katsu T. O,O,O-trialkyl phosphorothioates as simple and effective ionophores for silver ion-selective membrane electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1154
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Xu H, Aylott JW, Kopelman R, Miller TJ, Philbert MA. A real-time ratiometric method for the determination of molecular oxygen inside living cells using sol-gel-based spherical optical nanosensors with applications to rat C6 glioma. Anal Chem 2001; 73:4124-33. [PMID: 11569801 DOI: 10.1021/ac0102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first sol-gel-based, ratiometric, optical nanosensors, or sol-gel probes encapsulated by biologically localized embedding (PEBBLEs), are made and demonstrated here to enable reliable, real-time measurements of subcellular molecular oxygen. Sensors were made using a modified Stöber method, with poly(ethylene glycol) as a steric stabilizer. The radii of these spherical PEBBLE sensors range from about 50 to 300 nm. These sensors incorporate an oxygen-sensitive fluorescent indicator, Ru(II)-tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) chloride ([Ru(dpp)3]2+), and an oxygen-insensitive fluorescent dye, Oregon Green 488-dextran, as a reference for the purpose of ratiometric intensity measurements. The PEBBLE sensors have excellent reversibility, dynamic range, and stability to leaching and photobleaching. The small size and inert matrix of these sensors allow them to be inserted into living cells with minimal physical and chemical perturbations to their biological functions. Applications of sol-gel PEBBLEs inserted in rat C6 glioma cells for real-time intracellular oxygen analysis are demonstrated. Compared to using free dyes for intracellular measurements, the PEBBLE matrix protects the fluorescent dyes from interference by proteins in cells, enabling reliable in vivo chemical analysis. Conversely, the matrix also significantly reduces the toxicity of the indicator and reference dyes to the cells, so that a wide variety of dyes can be used in optimal fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1055, USA
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1155
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Vázquez M, Mikhelson K, Piepponen S, Rämö J, Sillanpää M, Ivaska A, Lewenstam A, Bobacka J. Determination of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl− Ions in Wood Pulp Suspension Using Ion-Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200109)13:13<1119::aid-elan1119>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1156
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1157
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1158
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Barnhurst LA, Kutateladze AG. Synthesis and liquid membrane transport properties of photolabile molecular clips based on dithiane-spiro-crown ethers. Org Lett 2001; 3:2633-5. [PMID: 11506596 DOI: 10.1021/ol016309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. Synthesis of novel dithiane-spiro-crown ethers starting from 5,5-di(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dithiane is developed. These compounds can be used as building blocks to assemble photolabile bis-crown ethers via addition to dicarbonyl-containing tethers, e.g., isophthalic aldehyde. It is found that unlike their mono-crown precursors such bidentate bis-crowns are capable of efficient liquid membrane transport of, for example, methyl viologen. The transport can be interrupted photochemically, providing a basis for developing smart light-responsive membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Barnhurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208-2436, USA
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1159
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Poels I, Nagels L. Potentiometric detection of amines in ion chromatography using macrocycle-based liquid membrane electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1160
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Ion AC, Bakker E, Pretsch E. Potentiometric Cd2+-selective electrode with a detection limit in the low ppt range. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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1161
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Shamsipur M, Ganjali MR, Rouhollahi A. Lead-selective membrane potentiometric sensor based on an 18-membered thiacrown derivative. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:935-8. [PMID: 11708096 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A PVC-based membrane electrode for lead ions based on hexathia-18-crown-6-tetraone as membrane carrier was prepared. The influence of membrane composition, pH of test solution and foreign ions on the electrode performance were investigated. The electrode showed a Nernstian response over a lead concentration range from 1.0 x 10(-6) to 8.0 x 10(-3) M at 25 degrees C, and was found to be very selective, precise and usable within the pH range 3.0-6.0. The electrode was successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of lead ions and in direct determination of lead in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shamsipur
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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1162
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Bühlmann P, Hayakawa M, Ohshiro T, Amemiya S, Umezawa Y. Influence of natural, electrically neutral lipids on the potentiometric responses of cation-selective polymeric membrane electrodes. Anal Chem 2001; 73:3199-205. [PMID: 11476216 DOI: 10.1021/ac0015016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ionophore-free ion exchanger electrodes were found to exhibit quite a high selectivity for the creatininium ion; however, measurements in diluted urine samples revealed large emf drifts. Potentiometric, chromatographic, NMR, and mass spectrometric evidence did not reveal any major cationic interfering agents, and anionic interfering agents cannot trivially explain the consistently positive emf drifts. Ultrafiltration of urine samples showed that the interfering agents have molecular weights below 1000 u. The drifts are apparently caused by electrically neutral lipophilic compounds of low molecular weight that are easily extracted into organic phases. Follow-up experiments showed that p-cresol and cholesterol cause no significant emf responses but that coproporphyrin, phosphatidylserine, taurocholic acid, cholic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, and octanoic acid cause positive emf drifts of the type that was observed with the urine samples. The extent of the responses and the response time depend not only on the specific compound but also on the cation in the sample solution. These results suggest that the emf drifts are due to extraction of such natural lipids into the organic membrane phase where they interact in an ionophore-like fashion with the analyte and interfering ions. Changes in the potentiometric selectivities after contact with natural lipids support this interpretation. The same effect of natural lipids is also expected for ionophore-based electrodes. Indeed, exposure of a valinomycin-based electrode to a methylene chloride extract of urine resulted in a significant reduction of the Na+ discrimination, increasing log Kpot(K,Na) from -3.9 to -3.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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1163
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Shamsipur M, Yousefi M, Hosseini M, Ganjali MR, Sharghi H, Naeimi H. A Schiff base complex of Zn(II) as a neutral carrier for highly selective PVC membrane sensors for the sulfate ion. Anal Chem 2001; 73:2869-74. [PMID: 11467529 DOI: 10.1021/ac001449d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel polymeric membrane (PME) and coated graphite (CGE) sulfate-selective electrodes based on a recently synthesized Schiff base complex of Zn(II) were prepared. The electrodes reveal a Nernstian behavior over wide SO4(2-) ion concentration ranges (5.0 x 10(-5)-1.0 x 10(-1) M for PME and 1.0 x 10(-7)-1.0 x 10(-1) M for CGE) and very low detection limits (2.8 x 10(-5) M for PME and 8.5 x 10(-8) M for CGE). The potentiometric response is independent of the pH of the solution in the pH range 3.0-7.0. The electrodes manifest advantages of low resistance, very fast response, and, most importantly, good selectivities relative to a wide variety of other anions. In fact, the selectivity behavior of the proposed SO4(2) ion-selective electrodes shows a great improvement compared to the previously reported electrodes for sulfate ion. The electrodes can be used for at least 3 months without any appreciable divergence in potentials. The electrodes were used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of sulfate and barium ions and in the determination of iron in ferrous sulfate tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shamsipur
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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1164
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Synthesis of new bis-calix[4]arenes with imine linkages. A search for new silver-selective sensors. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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1165
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Morigi M, Scavetta E, Berrettoni M, Giorgetti M, Tonelli D. Sulfate-selective electrodes based on hydrotalcites. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1166
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Andredakis GE, Moschou EA, Matthaiou K, Froudakis GE, Chaniotakis NA. Theoretical and experimental studies of metallated phenanthroline derivatives as carriers for the optimization of the nitrate sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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1167
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Kato R, Nishizawa S, Hayashita T, Teramae N. A thiourea-based chromoionophore for selective binding and sensing of acetate. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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1168
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Baxter PN. Synthesis and properties of a twistophane ion sensor: a new conjugated macrocyclic ligand for the spectroscopic detection of metal ions. J Org Chem 2001; 66:4170-9. [PMID: 11397150 DOI: 10.1021/jo001777d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a structurally new type of conjugated macrocyclic ligand (1) is reported that comprises a dehydroannulene framework incorporating two 2,2'-bipyridine units. Modeling studies showed the ligand to possess an unusual chirally twisted and relatively rigid architecture capable of binding metal ions in an enforced tetrahedral coordination geometry. The macrocycle was prepared in seven steps from (2-bromophenylethynyl)-trimethylsilane (2) and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The pyridine H3 protons in the 1H NMR spectrum of 1 showed a marked temperature dependencey that may be related to conformational opening and closing motions of the macrocyclic ring. Ligand 1 was found to spectroscopically detect the presence of Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ and, in particular, to function as a multiple readout sensor, giving different sequences of signal output depending upon the type of metal ion analyte with which the system was addressed. Macrocycle 1 also gave a highly characteristic and specific visual output response in the presence of Zn2+ consisting of a bright turquoise fluorescence and in this respect may find applications in the sensing of this biologically important metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Baxter
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculair, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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1169
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Tohda K, Dragoe D, Shibata M, Umezawa Y. Studies on the matched potential method for determining the selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes based on neutral ionophores: experimental and theoretical verification. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:733-43. [PMID: 11707944 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A theory is presented that describes the matched potential method (MPM) for the determination of the potentiometric selectivity coefficients (KA,Bpot) of ion-selective electrodes for two ions with any charge. This MPM theory is based on electrical diffuse layers on both the membrane and the aqueous side of the interface, and is therefore independent of the Nicolsky-Eisenman equation. Instead, the Poisson equation is used and a Boltzmann distribution is assumed with respect to all charged species, including primary, interfering and background electrolyte ions located at the diffuse double layers. In this model, the MPM-selectivity coefficients of ions with equal charge (ZA = ZB) are expressed as the ratio of the concentrations of the primary and interfering ions in aqueous solutions at which the same amounts of the primary and interfering ions permselectively extracted into the membrane surface. For ions with unequal charge (ZA not equal to ZB), the selectivity coefficients are expressed as a function not only of the amounts of the primary and interfering ions permeated into the membrane surface, but also of the primary ion concentration in the initial reference solution and the delta EMF value. Using the measured complexation stability constants and single ion distribution coefficients for the relevant systems, the corresponding MPM selectivity coefficients can be calculated from the developed MPM theory. It was found that this MPM theory is capable of accurately and precisely predicting the MPM selectivity coefficients for a series of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with representative ionophore systems, which are generally in complete agreement with independently determined MPM selectivity values from the potentiometric measurements. These results also conclude that the assumption for the Boltzmann distribution was in fact valid in the theory. The recent critical papers on MPM have pointed out that because the MPM selectivity coefficients are highly concentration dependent, the determined selectivity should be used not as "coefficient", but as "factor". Contrary to such a criticism, it was shown theoretically and experimentally that the values of the MPM selectivity coefficient for ions with equal charge (ZA = ZB) never vary with the primary and interfering ion concentrations in the sample solutions even when non-Nernstian responses are observed. This paper is the first comprehensive demonstration of an electrostatics-based theory for the MPM and should be of great value theoretically and experimentally for the audience of the fundamental and applied ISE researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tohda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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1170
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1171
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1172
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Katsu T, Ido K, Kataoka K. Acyclic neutral carrier-based polymer membrane electrode for a stimulant, phentermine. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:745-9. [PMID: 11707945 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Groups of dioxadicarboxylic diamides, which were developed as potential ionophores for inorganic cations, were found to act as ionophores for a stimulant, phentermine. Especially, N,N-dioctadecyl-N',N'-dipropyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide, which was originally developed as a lead ionophore and is commercially available from Fluka as lead ionophore I, was suitable for making a phentermine-selective electrode. The electrode constructed using this ionophore and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate as a solvent mediator in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane matrix discriminated between phentermine and analogous compounds more effectively than an electrode based on dibenzo-18-crown-6, a representative ionophore for organic ammonium ions. Moreover, the present electrode showed remarkably little interference by inorganic cations, such as Na+ and K+, as well as lipophilic quaternary ammonium ions including (C2H5)4N+ and (C3H7)4N+. The electrode exhibited a near-Nernstian response to phentermine in the concentration range of 2 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-2) M with a slope of 54.8 mV per concentration decade in 0.1 M MgCl2. The lower limit of detection was 7 x 10(-7) M. This electrode was applied to determine phentermine in a cationic-exchange resin complex of this stimulant, which is the general dosage form in medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Katsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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1173
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Jon SY, Kim J, Kim M, Park SH, Jeon WS, Heo J, Kim K. A Rationally Designed NH4+ Receptor Based on Cation-π Interaction and Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:2116-2119. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2116::aid-anie2116>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1174
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Katsu T, Matsumoto M. Discrimination of methylammonium from organic ammonium ions using ion-selective electrodes based on calix[4]arene-crown-6 conjugates. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:721-5. [PMID: 11707942 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]-bis-2,3-naphtho-crown-6 can be used to discriminate between methylammonium and other organic ammonium ions. An electrode based on this ionophore, potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (20 mol% relative to the ionophore) as an ionic additive and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate as a solvent mediator in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane matrix, displayed higher selectivity for methylammonium than for various other organic ammonium ions. However, there was considerable interference by inorganic cations, especially Cs+. Similar calix[4]arene-crown-6 conjugates, such as calix[4]-bis-1,2-benzo-crown-6, calix[4]-bis-crown-6, 1,3-dioctyloxy-calix[4]arene-crown-6, 1,3-diisopropoxy-calix[4]arene-crown-6 and 1,3-dimethoxy-calix[4]arene-crown-6 were less effective in discriminating methylammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Katsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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1175
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1176
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Oh KC, Lim SM, Paeng IR, Paeng KJ. The potentiometric behavior of polymer supported metalloporphyrins as anion-selective electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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1177
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Brasuel M, Kopelman R, Miller TJ, Tjalkens R, Philbert MA. Fluorescent nanosensors for intracellular chemical analysis: decyl methacrylate liquid polymer matrix and ion-exchange-based potassium PEBBLE sensors with real-time application to viable rat C6 glioma cells. Anal Chem 2001; 73:2221-8. [PMID: 11393844 DOI: 10.1021/ac0012041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent spherical nanosensors, or PEBBLEs (probes encapsulated by biologically localized embedding), in the 500 nm-1 microm size range have been developed using decyl methacrylate as a matrix. A general scheme for the polymerization and introduction of sensing components creates a matrix that allows for the utilization of the highly selective ionophores used in poly(vinyl chloride) and decyl methacrylate ion-selective electrodes. We have applied these optically silent ionophores to fluorescence-based sensing by using ion-exchange and highly selective pH chromoionophores. This allows the tailoring of selective submicrometer sensors for use in intracellular measurements of important analytes for which selective enough fluorescent probes do not exist. The protocol for sensor development has been worked out for potassium sensing. It is based on the BME-44 ionophore (2-dodecyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediylbis[N-[5'nitro(benzo-15-crown-5)-4'-yl]carbamate]). The general scheme should work for any available ionophore used in PVC or decyl methacrylate ion-selective electrodes, with minor adjustments to account for differences in ionophore charge and analyte binding constant. The reversible and highly selective sensors developed have a subsecond response time and an adjustable dynamic range. Applications to live C6 glioma cells demonstrate their utility; the intracellular potassium activity is followed in real time upon extracellular administration of kainic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brasuel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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1178
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Bobacka J, Lahtinen T, Nordman J, Häggström S, Rissanen K, Lewenstam A, Ivaska A. All-Solid-State Ag+-ISE Based on [2.2.2]p,p,p-Cyclophane. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200105)13:8/9<723::aid-elan723>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1179
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Sasaki SI, Hashizume A, Ozawa S, Citterio D, Iwasawa N, Suzuki K. Application of Thiouronium Derivatives as Anion Ionophores for Ion Selective Electrodes. CHEM LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2001.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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1180
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Fakhari AR, Alaghemand M, Shamsipur M. IRON(III)-SELECTIVE MEMBRANE POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR BASED ON 5,10,15,20-TETRAKIS-(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)-21H,23H-PORPHYRIN. ANAL LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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1181
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Kimura K, Yajima S, Takase H, Yokoyama M, Sakurai Y. SoI--gel modification of pH electrode glass membranes for sensing anions and metal ions. Anal Chem 2001; 73:1605-9. [PMID: 11321316 DOI: 10.1021/ac001434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To obtain glass membrane electrodes selective for anions and metal ions, pH electrode glass membranes were modified by a sol-gel method using a quaternary ammonium salt and a bis(crown ether). A chloride ion-sensing glass membrane was designed, in which a pH electrode glass membrane was modified chemically by an alkoxysilyl quaternary ammonium chloride. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the chemical bonding of the quaternary ammonium moiety to the starting glass surface, which afforded the first example of glass-based "anion"-sensing membranes. A neutral carrier-type sodium ion-selective glass membrane was also fabricated which encapsulates a bis(12-crown-4) derivative in its sol-gel-derived surface. Both sol-gel-modified anion and metal ion-selective glass electrodes exhibited high sensitivity to their ion activity changes. The present sol-gel modification paves the way for designing glass-based ion sensors with tailor-made ion selectivities toward anions as well as cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, Japan.
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1182
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Shamsipur M, Ganjali MR, Rouhollahi A, Moghimi A. Beryllium-selective membrane sensor based on 3,4-di[2-(2-tetrahydro-2H-pyranoxy)]ethoxy styrene–styrene copolymer. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1183
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1184
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Potentiometric and spectroscopic characterization of anion selective electrodes based on metal(III) porphyrin ionophores in polyurethane membranes. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1185
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Ceresa A, Sokalski T, Pretsch E. Influence of key parameters on the lower detection limit and response function of solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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1186
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1187
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Hisamoto H, Horiuchi T, Tokeshi M, Hibara A, Kitamori T. On-Chip Integration of Neutral Ionophore-Based Ion Pair Extraction Reaction. Anal Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ac001271v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Integrated Chemistry Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Takayuki Horiuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Integrated Chemistry Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Integrated Chemistry Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Akihide Hibara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Integrated Chemistry Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kitamori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Integrated Chemistry Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
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1188
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Kawakami J, Komai Y, Sumori T, Fukushi A, Shimozaki K, Ito S. Intramolecular excimer formation and complexing behavior of 1,n-bis(naphthalenecarboxy)oxaalkanes as fluorescent chemosensors for calcium and barium ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(00)00421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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1189
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Belen’kii L, Kruchkovskaya N, Gramenitskaya V. The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part VII: 1997–1999. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(01)79024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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1190
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Kurihara K, Ohtsu M, Yoshida T, Abe T, Hisamoto H, Suzuki K. Micrometer-sized lithium ion-selective microoptodes based on a “tailed” neutral ionophore and a fluorescent anionic dye. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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1191
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UEDA M, SAKAKI N, MORIUCHI-KAWAKAMI T, SHIBUTANI Y. Potentiometric performance of a dioxime-type Schiff base as a silver-ion recognizable material. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2001. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.50.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato UEDA
- Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology
| | - Naoko SAKAKI
- Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology
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1192
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Otazo-Sánchez E, Pérez-Marín L, Estévez-Hernández O, Rojas-Lima S, Alonso-Chamarro J. Aroylthioureas: new organic ionophores for heavy-metal ion selective electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1039/b102029n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1193
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Kriz D, Ansell RJ. Biomimetic electrochemical sensors based on molecular imprinting. TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(01)80021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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1194
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Kim KM, Kim YW, Choi BK, Yoon HJ, Paeng KJ, Nam H. Physical and potentiometric properties of polyurethane-based cation-selective membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010425)80:4<618::aid-app1137>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1195
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Jadhav S, Bakker E. Selectivity behavior and multianalyte detection capability of voltammetric ionophore-based plasticized polymeric membrane sensors. Anal Chem 2001; 73:80-90. [PMID: 11195516 DOI: 10.1021/ac000569i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current response features ofvoltammetric ion-selective polymeric membranes doped with neutral ionophores in view of practical sensor development are elucidated. The membranes are designed to extract ions only under applied external potentials and interrogated by normal-pulse voltammetry and pulsed amperometry. They contain two polarizable interfaces to avoid loss of lipophilic ions at the sample side and to maximize the available potential window. A simple theoretical model is developed that describes the observed current at the end of an uptake pulse to the applied membrane potential, which is the sum of both boundary potentials (at the sample and inner electrolyte side) and the membrane internal iR drop. The results describe how the selectivity of the resulting sensor must be dependent on the applied potential. Evidently, the role of the applied potential is akin to incorporating lipophilic cationic and anionic sites with potentiometric ionophore-based membranes, which are well known to considerably affect membrane selectivity and to define the charge type of the assessed ions. This has important implications for sensor design, as the applied cell potential can be used to tune sensor selectivity. Theory also explains the role of the inner electrolyte on sensor behavior. A maximum measuring range is expected with ions in the inner electrolyte that are difficult to extract into the membrane. This corresponds to Kihara's experimental results and contrasts to common ion-selective electrode practice, where a salt of the analyte ion is normally present in the inner electrolyte. Separate and mixed solution experiments with membranes containing the sodium-selective ionophore tert-butyl calix[4]arene tetramethyl ester and the lithium ionophore ETH 1810 agree very well with theoretical expectations. Multianalyte detection capability with a single sensing membrane is demonstrated in a selectivity-modifying pulsed amperometric detection mode, where each applied voltage yields a different practical selectivity of the sensor. The sensor is altered from being sodium to potassium selective as the magnitude of the applied potential is repetitively varied within the pulse sequence. The sensors show high long-term stability under continuous measuring conditions over 15 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Alabama 36849, USA
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1196
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1197
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Lee HJ, Pereira CM, Silva AF, Girault HH. Pulse amperometric detection of salt concentrations by flow injection analysis using ionodes. Anal Chem 2000; 72:5562-6. [PMID: 11101232 DOI: 10.1021/ac0006831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive novel approach of using an amperometric ion detector for the flow injection analysis of salts has been developed. The detection methodology is based on measuring the current associated with the transfer of ions across polarized microinterfaces between the aqueous sample solution and a 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether-poly(vinyl chloride) gel phase, referred to as ionodes. Different sodium salts of fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate were investigated. It was found that by employing an amperometric pulse detection mode and pure water as eluent, the detection limit of the ionode detector could be lowered to ppt level of salt concentrations under flowing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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1198
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1199
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Berrocal MJ, Cruz A, Badr IH, Bachas LG. Tripodal ionophore with sulfate recognition properties for anion-selective electrodes. Anal Chem 2000; 72:5295-9. [PMID: 11080879 DOI: 10.1021/ac000241p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ionophore topology has a profound effect on the behavior of ion-selective electrodes. This is demonstrated with a new class of ionophores that incorporates aminochromenone moieties linked through urea spacers to different scaffolds that preorganize the ionophore binding cleft into tripodal topologies. Tris(2-aminoethylamine) and cis-1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)cyclohexane were employed as the scaffolds. The two differ in their rigidity and in the size of ionophore cavity that they create. The electrodes based on the ionophore that incorporates the tris(2-aminoethylamine) scaffold show anti-Hofmeister behavior with an improved selectivity for sulfate. In contrast, the ionophore with the cis-1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)cyclohexane scaffold exhibits a more Hofmeister-like response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Berrocal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0055, USA
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1200
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Belyustin AA, Pronkin AA, Ivanovskaya IS, Derii VV, Murin IV, Sokolov IA. A lithium-selective glass electrode. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02757328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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