101
|
Kubin L. Is There a Resurgence of Vaccine Preventable Diseases in the U.S.? J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 44:115-118. [PMID: 30683276 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunizations are a safe and effective means of promoting health and preventing disease. Vaccine programs prevent millions of cases of disease and save thousands of lives in the U.S. each year; however, the threat of vaccine-preventable diseases remains. Recent years have seen a resurgence in certain vaccine-preventable diseases which can be attributed to vaccine refusals, under-vaccination, waning immunity, less effective immunizations, and imported cases. Nurses must stay informed about the current state of vaccine compliance and disease resurgence in order to best educate families. Understanding why families refuse or delay vaccinations provides a basis for nurses to plan educational interventions designed to best meet the needs of each family.
Collapse
|
102
|
La EM, Talbird SE, Kanadanian KV, Huang L, Fain J, Srivastava A. Cost calculator for mass vaccination response to a US college campus outbreak of serogroup B meningococcal disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:978-986. [PMID: 30526279 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1556074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Serogroup B (MenB) is the leading cause of meningococcal disease among 16- to 23-year-olds in the United States and has been responsible for all 10 college outbreaks between 2011 and 2017. Outbreak-associated costs levy a substantial and unforeseen burden on colleges/universities and surrounding communities, in part because they involve collaboration with local and state health departments to develop points-of-dispensing (PODs) outbreak response plans and rapid mass vaccination of a large at-risk student population. The MenB outbreak at Providence College in 2015 was used as a case study to develop an Excel-based Meningococcal Outbreak Cost Calculator that uses target populations for mass vaccination to estimate the costs and resources associated with a meningococcal disease outbreak response. Resources include labor, medical supply, and other nonlabor costs (eg, vaccine-related adverse event costs) over an 18-month period following the outbreak declaration. Based on the actual Providence College population partially or fully vaccinated with MenB-FHbp (Trumenba®, Bivalent rLP2086) (3-dose schedule), the calculator estimated aggregate direct costs of $1,350,963 over 18 months post-outbreak for 4,418 individuals. For planned full vaccination of the enrolled undergraduate population (4,795 individuals), the tool estimated total costs of $1,798,399. In both cases, the majority of costs were for medical supplies (88%-89%) and contract services (7%-9%). This calculator can help to plan a mass vaccination campaign for MenB outbreak control, and underscores the need to vaccinate pre-emptively against diverse disease-causing strains before an outbreak occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M La
- a RTI Health Solutions , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | | | - Liping Huang
- c Outcomes and Evidence, Pfizer Inc , Collegeville , PA , USA
| | - Joel Fain
- d US Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc , Collegeville , PA , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Aranake-Chrisinger A, Whitlock EL, Avidan MS. We may be Homo sapiens, but anaesthetists are merely apes when evaluating risk. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:702-705. [PMID: 30236232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Aranake-Chrisinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - E L Whitlock
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M S Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Abstract
Increased measles immunization has led to a significant decline in measles incidence and mortality. During 2016 it is estimated that fewer than 100,000 died from measles for the first time in recorded history. In highly immunized countries measles epidemiology has changed. Threats to national elimination goals and public health include aging cohorts of naïve people that exist from imperfect vaccination rates during the early years of immunization programs. This may be complemented by some loss of immunity in vaccinated populations. While childhood immunization must remain a focus for control efforts, due to higher mortality in the very young, these naïve adolescents and adults also accumulate as they age and add to the pool of susceptible people, perhaps beyond the view of those that are focused on childhood immunization. Here, features of measles epidemiology and control in highly immunized populations are reviewed, providing global data where necessary, to highlight why countries with high immunization coverage are still threatened by measles outbreaks and how changing dynamics may alter disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T S Hayman
- a Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre (IDReC), Hopkirk Research Institute , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
McLenon J, Rogers MAM. The fear of needles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2018; 75:30-42. [PMID: 30109720 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of needle fear and summarize the characteristics of individuals who exhibit this fear. BACKGROUND Injections are among the most common medical procedures, yet fear of needles can result in avoidance of preventive measures and treatment. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (1966-2017), Embase (1947-2017), PsycINFO (1967-2017), and CINAHL (1961-2017) were searched, with no restrictions by age, gender, race, language, or country. REVIEW METHODS The prevalence of needle fear was calculated and restricted maximum likelihood random effects models were used for meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS The search yielded 119 original research articles which are included in this review, of which 35 contained sufficient information for meta-analysis. The majority of children exhibited needle fear, while prevalence estimates for needle fear ranged from 20-50% in adolescents and 20-30% in young adults. In general, needle fear decreased with increasing age. Both needle fear and needle phobia were more prevalent in females than males. Avoidance of influenza vaccination because of needle fear occurred in 16% of adult patients, 27% of hospital employees, 18% of workers at long-term care facilities, and 8% of healthcare workers at hospitals. Needle fear was common when undergoing venipuncture, blood donation, and in those with chronic conditions requiring injection. CONCLUSIONS Fear of needles is common in patients requiring preventive care and in those undergoing treatment. Greater attention should be directed to interventions which alleviate fear in high-risk groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McLenon
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary A M Rogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Immunogenicity and safety of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at two different potency levels administered to healthy children aged 12–15 months: A phase III, randomized, non-inferiority trial. Vaccine 2018; 36:5781-5788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
107
|
Hotez PJ. Advancing biological therapies against a rising tide of American anti-science and other external threats. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:5-7. [PMID: 30063855 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1478963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hotez
- a Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Biology , Baylor University , Waco , TX , USA.,c James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA.,d Scowcroft Institute for International Affairs , The Bush School of Government and Public Service , College Station , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Gesualdo F, Zamperini N, Tozzi AE. To talk better about vaccines, we should talk less about vaccines. Vaccine 2018; 36:5107-5108. [PMID: 30033116 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
109
|
Herath NC, Kudagammana T, Sanathchandra TT, Gamage HK, Razik IM, Liynapathirana V. Brief report: Parental attitudes and knowledge on routine childhood immunization: an experience from Central Sri Lanka. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:402. [PMID: 29929544 PMCID: PMC6014010 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A lack of correct awareness about immunization among parents put them at risk of falling prey to the anti-vaccine movement. This risk is present even in countries with a high vaccine uptake. This study was done with the objective of assessing the awareness of parents childhood vaccination. Results In this study conducted among 141 parents accompanying children to a routine clinic we found that 53.2% of the participants had average or above average knowledge. Level of knowledge was associated with the level of education (OR: 2.7, 95% CI 1.4–5.4) and the sex of the parent (OR: 3.4, 95% CI 1.2–9.3). While our sample size is small, we recommend educational programmes for parents to strengthen their knowledge on vaccination to safeguard the continuity of a successful control of vaccine preventable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Herath
- Department of Radiography, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T Kudagammana
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - T T Sanathchandra
- Department of Radiography, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - H K Gamage
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - I M Razik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - V Liynapathirana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Jervelund SS. How social media is transforming the spreading of knowledge: Implications for our perceptions concerning vaccinations and migrant health. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:167-169. [PMID: 29569533 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818760139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
111
|
|
112
|
Abstract
Antipoverty vaccines are the vaccines targeting a group of approximately 20 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as currently defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). The “antipoverty” moniker refers to the fact that NTDs trap populations in poverty due to their chronic and deleterious effects on child intellect and worker productivity. Therefore, NTD vaccines can be expected to promote both global health and economic advancement. Unfortunately, antipoverty vaccine development has lagged behind vaccines for major childhood infections and pandemic threats, despite evidence for their cost-effectiveness and cost-savings. Currently, the only licensed vaccines for NTDs include those for yellow fever, dengue, and rabies, although several other NTD vaccines for hookworm disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Zika and Ebola virus infections are in different stages of clinical development, while others are at the preclinical development stage. With the exception of the viral NTD vaccines there so far has been minimal industry interest in the antipoverty vaccines, leaving their development to a handful of non-profit product development partnerships. The major scientific and geopolitical hurdles to antipoverty vaccine development are discussed, including a rising antivaccine (“antivax”) movement now entering highly populated low- and middle-income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hotez
- a Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology , National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas , USA.,b Departmentof Biology , Baylor University , Waco , Texas , USA.,c James A Baker III Institute of Public Policy, Rice University , Houston , Texas , USA.,d Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs, Bush School of Government and Public Policy, Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Strang J, Neale J, McDonald R, Kalk N. Toxicity: exploring and expanding the concept. Addiction 2018; 113:592-594. [PMID: 29205614 DOI: 10.1111/add.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Strang
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Neale
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca McDonald
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Kalk
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Husic F, Jatic Z, Joguncic A, Sporisevic L. Evaluation of the Immunization Program in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Possible Modalities for Improvement. Mater Sociomed 2018; 30:70-75. [PMID: 29670482 PMCID: PMC5857056 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2018.30.70-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunization is a lifelong preventive activity that helps prevent/reduce disease, prevent/ reduce mortality and prevent disability from specific infectious diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Authors of this paper researched the WHO extended program of mandatory immunization of children from birth to the age of 18 years and analyzed how it has been implemented in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H), because the guidelines of the specialist physician societies on immunization of adults, elderly people and risk groups of the population are missing. RESULTS The paper presents the basic characteristics of the immunization program in the FB&H and the world, points to the most frequent problems that the doctor practitioner has in carrying out immunization, and also presents possible modalities of improving immunization. It is pointed out the need to develop the national guidelines and individual immunization booklets, introduction of electronic registration of immunization, and continuous education of health professionals of all profiles, population, educators, teachers and harmonious partnership relations of health workers, population, social entities and the media with the aim of achieving an appropriate lifelong vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Husic
- Public Institution Health Centre of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zaim Jatic
- Public Institution Health Centre of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anes Joguncic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lutvo Sporisevic
- Public Institution Health Centre of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Rational Design of a New Class of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Tryptamine Related Agonists by Means of the Structure- and Ligand-Based Virtual Screening for Vaccine Adjuvant Discovery. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010102. [PMID: 29300367 PMCID: PMC6017214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify novel lead structures for human toll-like receptor 4 (hTLR4) modulation virtual high throughput screening by a peta-flops-scale supercomputer has been performed. Based on the in silico studies, a series of 12 compounds related to tryptamine was rationally designed to retain suitable molecular geometry for interaction with the hTLR4 binding site as well as to satisfy general principles of drug-likeness. The proposed compounds were synthesized, and tested by in vitro and ex vivo experiments, which revealed that several of them are capable to stimulate hTLR4 in vitro up to 25% activity of Monophosphoryl lipid A. The specific affinity of the in vitro most potent substance was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance direct-binding experiments. Moreover, two compounds from the series show also significant ability to elicit production of interleukin 6.
Collapse
|
116
|
Response to Letter to the Editor and Immunization Facts for Parents. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2018; 32:107-111. [PMID: 29689011 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|