101
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Wang Z, Liu H, Luo W, Cai T, Li Z, Liu Y, Gao W, Wan Q, Wang X, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang X. Regeneration of skeletal system with genipin crosslinked biomaterials. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420974861. [PMID: 33294154 PMCID: PMC7705197 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420974861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural biomaterials, such as collagen, gelatin, and chitosan, are considered as promising candidates for use in tissue regeneration treatment, given their similarity to natural tissues regarding components and structure. Nevertheless, only receiving a crosslinking process can these biomaterials exhibit sufficient strength to bear high tensile loads for use in skeletal system regeneration. Recently, genipin, a natural chemical compound extracted from gardenia fruits, has shown great potential as a reliable crosslinking reagent, which can reconcile the crosslinking effect and biosafety profile simultaneously. In this review, we briefly summarize the genipin extraction process, biosafety, and crosslinking mechanism. Subsequently, the applications of genipin regarding aiding skeletal system regeneration are discussed in detail, including the advances and technological strategies for reconstructing cartilage, bone, intervertebral disc, tendon, and skeletal muscle tissues. Finally, based on the specific pharmacological functions of genipin, its potential applications, such as its use in bioprinting and serving as an antioxidant and anti-tumor agent, and the challenges of genipin in the clinical applications in skeletal system regeneration are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Cai
- College of Rehabilitation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Weinan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xianggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Rastin H, Zhang B, Bi J, Hassan K, Tung TT, Losic D. 3D printing of cell-laden electroconductive bioinks for tissue engineering applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5862-5876. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging powerful fabrication method, which enables the rapid assembly of 3D bioconstructs with dispensing cell-laden bioinks in pre-designed locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rastin
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Kamrul Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide
- Australia
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103
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Sällström N, Capel A, Lewis MP, Engstrøm DS, Martin S. 3D-printable zwitterionic nano-composite hydrogel system for biomedical applications. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420967294. [PMID: 33194170 PMCID: PMC7604982 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420967294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the cytotoxicity of a novel zwitterionic sulfobetaine hydrogel system with a nano-clay crosslinker has been investigated. We demonstrate that careful selection of the composition of the system (monomer to Laponite content) allows the material to be formed into controlled shapes using an extrusion based additive manufacturing technique with the ability to tune the mechanical properties of the product. Moreover, the printed structures can support their own weight without requiring curing during printing which enables the use of a printing-then-curing approach. Cell culture experiments were conducted to evaluate the neural cytotoxicity of the developed hydrogel system. Cytotoxicity evaluations were conducted on three different conditions; a control condition, an indirect condition (where the culture medium used had been in contact with the hydrogel to investigate leaching) and a direct condition (cells growing directly on the hydrogel). The result showed no significant difference in cell viability between the different conditions and cells were also found to be growing on the hydrogel surface with extended neurites present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sällström
- Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Andrew Capel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Daniel S Engstrøm
- Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Simon Martin
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Jo H, Yoon M, Gajendiran M, Kim K. Recent Strategies in Fabrication of Gradient Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900300. [PMID: 31886614 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used as scaffold in tissue engineering field because of their ability to mimic the cellular microenvironment. However, mimicking a completely natural cellular environment is complicated due to the differences in various physical and chemical properties of cellular environments. Recently, gradient hydrogels provide excellent heterogeneous environment to mimic the different cellular microenvironments. To create hydrogels with an anisotropic distribution, gradient hydrogels have been widely developed by adopting several gradient generation techniques. Herein, the various gradient hydrogel fabrication techniques, including dual syringe pump systems, microfluidic device, photolithography, diffusion, and bio-printing are summarized. As the effects of gradient 3D hydrogels with stems have been reviewed elsewhere, this review focuses principally on gradient hydrogel fabrication for multi-model tissue regeneration. This review provides new insights into the key points for fabrication of gradient hydrogels for multi-model tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Jo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyuk Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mani Gajendiran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 06420, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 06420, Republic of Korea
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105
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Choe G, Oh S, Seok JM, Park SA, Lee JY. Graphene oxide/alginate composites as novel bioinks for three-dimensional mesenchymal stem cell printing and bone regeneration applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23275-23285. [PMID: 31782460 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07643c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell printing is a versatile technique enabling the creation of 3D constructs containing hydrogel and cells in the desired shape or pattern. Bioinks exhibiting appropriate mechanical properties and biological activities to support cell growth and/or differentiation toward a specific lineage play critical roles in 3D cell printing and tissue engineering applications. Herein, we explored alginate/graphene oxide (GO) composites as bioinks for their potential to improve printability, structural stability, and osteogenic activities for osteogenic tissue engineering applications. The addition of GO (0.05-1.0 mg mL-1) to 3% alginate significantly enhanced the printing performances of the alginate bioink. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) printed with alginate/GO showed good proliferation and higher survival in an oxidative stress environment. The 3D scaffolds printed with MSCs and alginate/GO demonstrated significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation compared with those printed with MSCs and alginate. Overall, a bioink of 3% alginate and 0.5 mg mL-1 GO showed the most balanced characteristics in terms of printability, structural stability, and osteogenic induction of the printed MSCs. Alginate/GO composite bioinks will be useful for bioprinting research for various tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goeun Choe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seulgi Oh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Min Seok
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su A Park
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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106
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Fan D, Staufer U, Accardo A. Engineered 3D Polymer and Hydrogel Microenvironments for Cell Culture Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E113. [PMID: 31847117 PMCID: PMC6955903 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of biomimetic microenvironments for cell biology applications such as organ-on-chip, in vitro drug screening, and tissue engineering is one of the most fascinating research areas in the field of bioengineering. The continuous evolution of additive manufacturing techniques provides the tools to engineer these architectures at different scales. Moreover, it is now possible to tailor their biomechanical and topological properties while taking inspiration from the characteristics of the extracellular matrix, the three-dimensional scaffold in which cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate. In such context, there is therefore a continuous quest for synthetic and nature-derived composite materials that must hold biocompatible, biodegradable, bioactive features and also be compatible with the envisioned fabrication strategy. The structure of the current review is intended to provide to both micro-engineers and cell biologists a comparative overview of the characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of the major 3D printing techniques, the most promising biomaterials candidates, and the trade-offs that must be considered in order to replicate the properties of natural microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (D.F.); (U.S.)
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107
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Brand I, Groß I, Li D, Zhang Y, Bräuer AU. Pneumatic conveying printing technique for bioprinting applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40910-40916. [PMID: 35540077 PMCID: PMC9076373 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet-based bio-printing (DBB) techniques have been extensively accepted due to their simplicity, flexibility and cost performance. However, the applicability of inkjet printing for bioprinting techniques still faces challenges, such as a narrow range of available bio-ink materials, cell damage due to the pressure strike and high shear rate during the printing process. Here, a new droplet-based printing technique, pneumatic conveying printing (PCP), is described. This new technique is successfully adopted for cell-printing purposes. The cells present in the bio-ink are not exposed to any significant pressure and therefore the PCP technique is gentle to the cells. Furthermore, PCP allows the usage of inks with viscosities higher than 1000 mPa s, enabling the usage of bio-inks with high cell concentrations (several tens of millions per millilitre). As a proof of concept, two different cell types were printed with this novel technique. To achieve a printing resolution of 400 to 600 μm, cells were encapsulated into a hydrogel containing calcium alginate. Deposition of the bio-ink drop containing sodium alginate on a surface pre-treated in CaCl2 solution, ensures a fast cross-linking reaction and the formation of gel drops. Cells encapsulated in the alginate gel survive and proliferate. Our novel PCP technique is highly suitable for 2D and 3D cell bio-printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Brand
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Department of Chemistry D-26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Isabel Groß
- Research Group Anatomy, School for Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Dege Li
- China University of Petroleum, College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering 266580 Qingdao China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Department of Chemistry D-26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Anja U Bräuer
- Research Group Anatomy, School for Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky, University Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
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108
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Thompson JF, Bellerjeau C, Marinick G, Osio-Norgaard J, Evans A, Carry P, Street RA, Petit C, Whiting GL. Intrinsic Thermal Desorption in a 3D Printed Multifunctional Composite CO 2 Sorbent with Embedded Heating Capability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43337-43343. [PMID: 31647628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of CO2 from enclosed environments is a significant challenge, particularly in human space flight where strict restrictions on mass and volume are present. To address this issue, this study describes the use of a multimaterial, layer-by-layer, additive manufacturing technique to directly print a structured multifunctional composite for CO2 sorption with embedded, intrinsic, heating capability to facilitate thermal desorption, removing the need for an external heat source from the system. This multifunctional composite is coprinted from an ink formulation based on zeolite 13X, and an electrically conductive sorbent ink formulation, which includes metal particles blended with the zeolite. The composites are characterized using analytical and imaging tools and then tested for CO2 adsorption/desorption. The resistivity of the conductive sorbent is <2 mΩ m, providing a temperature increase up to 200 °C under 7 V applied bias, which is sufficient to trigger CO2 desorption. The CO2 adsorption capability of the conductive zeolite ink appears to be unaffected by the presence of the conductive particles, meaning a large fraction of the total mass of the structured composite device is functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F Thompson
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- PARC, A Xerox Company , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Charlotte Bellerjeau
- Department of Aerospace Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80303 , United States
| | - Gabrielle Marinick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Jorge Osio-Norgaard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Arwyn Evans
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Carry
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Street
- PARC, A Xerox Company , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Camille Petit
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Gregory L Whiting
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
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Espona-Noguera A, Ciriza J, Cañibano-Hernández A, Orive G, Hernández RM, Saenz del Burgo L, Pedraz JL. Review of Advanced Hydrogel-Based Cell Encapsulation Systems for Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E597. [PMID: 31726670 PMCID: PMC6920807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreatic islets. In this regard, islet transplantation aims for the replacement of the damaged β-cells through minimally invasive surgical procedures, thereby being the most suitable strategy to cure T1DM. Unfortunately, this procedure still has limitations for its widespread clinical application, including the need for long-term immunosuppression, the lack of pancreas donors and the loss of a large percentage of islets after transplantation. To overcome the aforementioned issues, islets can be encapsulated within hydrogel-like biomaterials to diminish the loss of islets, to protect the islets resulting in a reduction or elimination of immunosuppression and to enable the use of other insulin-producing cell sources. This review aims to provide an update on the different hydrogel-based encapsulation strategies of insulin-producing cells, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks for a successful clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Espona-Noguera
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.C.); (A.C.-H.); (R.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.C.); (A.C.-H.); (R.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Cañibano-Hernández
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.C.); (A.C.-H.); (R.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.C.); (A.C.-H.); (R.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Rosa María Hernández
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.C.); (A.C.-H.); (R.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz del Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.C.); (A.C.-H.); (R.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.E.-N.); (J.C.); (A.C.-H.); (R.M.H.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Ghaemi RV, Siang LC, Yadav VG. Improving the Rate of Translation of Tissue Engineering Products. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900538. [PMID: 31386306 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 000 research articles and 9000 patents have been published on tissue engineering (TE) in the past 20 years. Yet, very few TE products have made their way to the market during the same period. Experts have proposed a variety of strategies to address the lack of translation of TE products. However, since these proposals are guided by qualitative insights, they are limited in scope and impact. Machine learning is utilized in the current study to analyze the entire body of patents that have been published over the past twenty years and understand patenting trends, topics, areas of application, and exemplifications. This analysis yields surprising and little-known insights about the differences in research priorities and perceptions of innovativeness of tissue engineers in academia and industry, as well as aids to chart true advances in the field during the past twenty years. It is hoped that this analysis and subsequent proposal to improve translational rates of TE products will spur much needed dialogue about this important pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Vaez Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Lim C. Siang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Vikramaditya G. Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineeringand School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
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113
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Krettek C, Bruns N. [Current concepts and new developments of 3D printing in trauma surgery]. Unfallchirurg 2019; 122:256-269. [PMID: 30903248 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-019-0636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of 3D printing (synonyms "rapid prototyping" and "additive manufacturing") has played an increasing role in the industry for many years and finds more and more interest and application in musculoskeletal surgery, especially orthopedic trauma surgery.In this article the current literature is systematically reviewed, presented and evaluated in a condensed and comprehensive way according to anatomical (upper and lower extremities) and functional aspects. As many of the publications analyzed were feasibility studies, the degree of evidence is low and methodological weaknesses are obvious and numerous; however, this pioneering work is extremely stimulating and important for further development because the technical, medical and economic potential of this technology is huge and interesting for all those involved in the treatment of musculoskeletal problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Krettek
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - N Bruns
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
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114
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Chen L, Zhang X, Gan S. Effects of laser polishing on surface quality and mechanical properties of PLA parts built by fused deposition modeling. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison, 53706 Wisconsin
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison, 53706 Wisconsin
| | - Shuyuan Gan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
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115
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Romanazzo S, Nemec S, Roohani I. iPSC Bioprinting: Where are We at? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2453. [PMID: 31374871 PMCID: PMC6696162 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a concise review of current 3D bioprinting technologies applied to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). iPSC have recently received a great deal of attention from the scientific and clinical communities for their unique properties, which include abundant adult cell sources, ability to indefinitely self-renew and differentiate into any tissue of the body. Bioprinting of iPSC and iPSC derived cells combined with natural or synthetic biomaterials to fabricate tissue mimicked constructs, has emerged as a technology that might revolutionize regenerative medicine and patient-specific treatment. This review covers the advantages and disadvantages of bioprinting techniques, influence of bioprinting parameters and printing condition on cell viability, and commonly used iPSC sources, and bioinks. A clear distinction is made for bioprinting techniques used for iPSC at their undifferentiated stage or when used as adult stem cells or terminally differentiated cells. This review presents state of the art data obtained from major searching engines, including Pubmed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus, concerning iPSC generation, undifferentiated iPSC, iPSC bioprinting, bioprinting techniques, cartilage, bone, heart, neural tissue, skin, and hepatic tissue cells derived from iPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Romanazzo
- Biomaterials Design and Tissue Engineering Lab, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Nemec
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Iman Roohani
- Biomaterials Design and Tissue Engineering Lab, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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Chen H, Zhang J, Li X, Liu L, Zhang X, Ren D, Ma C, Zhang L, Fei Z, Xu T. Multi-level customized 3D printing for autogenous implants in skull tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045007. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hajikhani A, Scocozza F, Conti M, Marino M, Auricchio F, Wriggers P. Experimental characterization and computational modeling of hydrogel cross-linking for bioprinting applications. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 42:548-557. [DOI: 10.1177/0391398819856024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-based hydrogels are extensively used to create bioinks for bioprinting, due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, low costs, and slight gelling. Modeling of bioprinting process can boost experimental design reducing trial-and-error tests. To this aim, the cross-linking kinetics for the chemical gelation of sodium alginate hydrogels via calcium chloride diffusion is analyzed. Experimental measurements on the absorbed volume of calcium chloride in the hydrogel are obtained at different times. Moreover, a reaction-diffusion model is developed, accounting for the dependence of diffusive properties on the gelation degree. The coupled chemical system is solved using finite element discretizations which include the inhomogeneous evolution of hydrogel state in time and space. Experimental results are fitted within the proposed modeling framework, which is thereby calibrated and validated. Moreover, the importance of accounting for cross-linking-dependent diffusive properties is highlighted, showing that, if a constant diffusivity property is employed, the model does not properly capture the experimental evidence. Since the analyzed mechanisms highly affect the evolution of the front of the solidified gel in the final bioprinted structure, the present study is a step towards the development of reliable computational tools for the in silico optimization of protocols and post-printing treatments for bioprinting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Hajikhani
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franca Scocozza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Architettura, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Conti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Architettura, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Marino
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Architettura, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Peter Wriggers
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Pina S, Ribeiro VP, Marques CF, Maia FR, Silva TH, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Scaffolding Strategies for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1824. [PMID: 31195642 PMCID: PMC6600968 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the past two decades, tissue engineering and the regenerative medicine field have invested in the regeneration and reconstruction of pathologically altered tissues, such as cartilage, bone, skin, heart valves, nerves and tendons, and many others. The 3D structured scaffolds and hydrogels alone or combined with bioactive molecules or genes and cells are able to guide the development of functional engineered tissues, and provide mechanical support during in vivo implantation. Naturally derived and synthetic polymers, bioresorbable inorganic materials, and respective hybrids, and decellularized tissue have been considered as scaffolding biomaterials, owing to their boosted structural, mechanical, and biological properties. A diversity of biomaterials, current treatment strategies, and emergent technologies used for 3D scaffolds and hydrogel processing, and the tissue-specific considerations for scaffolding for Tissue engineering (TE) purposes are herein highlighted and discussed in depth. The newest procedures focusing on the 3D behavior and multi-cellular interactions of native tissues for further use for in vitro model processing are also outlined. Completed and ongoing preclinical research trials for TE applications using scaffolds and hydrogels, challenges, and future prospects of research in the regenerative medicine field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pina
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Viviana P Ribeiro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Catarina F Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - F Raquel Maia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Cofano F, Boido M, Monticelli M, Zenga F, Ducati A, Vercelli A, Garbossa D. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: Current Options, Limitations, and Future of Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112698. [PMID: 31159345 PMCID: PMC6600381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes an inestimable public health issue. The most crucial phase in the pathophysiological process of SCI concerns the well-known secondary injury, which is the uncontrolled and destructive cascade occurring later with aberrant molecular signaling, inflammation, vascular changes, and secondary cellular dysfunctions. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents one of the most important and promising tested strategies. Their appeal, among the other sources and types of stem cells, increased because of their ease of isolation/preservation and their properties. Nevertheless, encouraging promise from preclinical studies was followed by weak and conflicting results in clinical trials. In this review, the therapeutic role of MSCs is discussed, together with their properties, application, limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cofano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute "Cavalieri Ottolenghi", University of Turin, Consorzio Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Matteo Monticelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Zenga
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ducati
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute "Cavalieri Ottolenghi", University of Turin, Consorzio Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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120
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Yin S, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Jiang X. Recent Advances in Scaffold Design and Material for Vascularized Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801433. [PMID: 30938094 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is a highly vascularized tissue and concomitant development of the vascular system and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenesis and angioblasts. Several strategies have been applied to achieve vascularized tissue-engineered bone, including the addition of cytokines as well as pre-vascularization strategies and co-culture systems. However, the scaffold is another extremely important component to consider, and development of vascularized bone scaffolds remains one of the greatest challenges for engineering clinically relevant bone substitutes. Here, this review highlights the biomaterial selection, preparation of pre-vascularized scaffolds, composition modification of the scaffold, structural design, and the comprehensive use of the above synergistic modifications of scaffold materials for vascular scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, a strategy is proposed for the design of future scaffold structures, in which promoting the regeneration of vascularized bone by regulating the microenvironment should be the main focus. This overview can help illuminate progress in this field and identify the most recently developed scaffolds that show the greatest potential for achieving clinically vascularized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology No. 639, Manufacturing Bureau Road Huangpu District Shanghai China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and MaterialsNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai 200011 China
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121
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Ashammakhi N, Hasan A, Kaarela O, Byambaa B, Sheikhi A, Gaharwar AK, Khademhosseini A. Advancing Frontiers in Bone Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801048. [PMID: 30734530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cell-laden biomaterials is used to fabricate constructs that can mimic the structure of native tissues. The main techniques used for 3D bioprinting include microextrusion, inkjet, and laser-assisted bioprinting. Bioinks used for bone bioprinting include hydrogels loaded with bioactive ceramics, cells, and growth factors. In this review, a critical overview of the recent literature on various types of bioinks used for bone bioprinting is presented. Major challenges, such as the vascularity, clinically relevant size, and mechanical properties of 3D printed structures, that need to be addressed to successfully use the technology in clinical settings, are discussed. Emerging approaches to solve these problems are reviewed, and future strategies to design customized 3D printed structures are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI)University of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Division of Plastic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryOulu Univesity Hospital Oulu FI‐90014 Finland
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringCollege of EngineeringQatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
- Biomedical Research CenterQatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Outi Kaarela
- Division of Plastic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryOulu Univesity Hospital Oulu FI‐90014 Finland
| | - Batzaya Byambaa
- Center for Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02115 USA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Materials Science and Engineeringand Center for Remote Health and TechnologiesTexas A&M University College Station TX 77841 USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C‐MIT)University of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI)University of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California – Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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122
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Mehrotra S, Moses JC, Bandyopadhyay A, Mandal BB. 3D Printing/Bioprinting Based Tailoring of in Vitro Tissue Models: Recent Advances and Challenges. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1385-1405. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Joseph Christakiran Moses
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Di Modugno F, Colosi C, Trono P, Antonacci G, Ruocco G, Nisticò P. 3D models in the new era of immune oncology: focus on T cells, CAF and ECM. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:117. [PMID: 30898166 PMCID: PMC6429763 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has changed clinical practice for patients with different cancers, since these agents have demonstrated a significant improvement of overall survival and are effective in many patients. However, an intrinsic or acquired resistance frequently occur and biomarkers predictive of responsiveness should help in patient selection and in defining the adequate treatment options. A deep analysis of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment is likely to further advance the field and hopefully identify more effective combined immunotherapeutic strategies. Here we review the current knowledge on tumor microenvironment, focusing on T cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. The use of 3D cell culture models to resemble tumor microenvironment landscape and to screen immunomodulatory drugs is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Modugno
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Colosi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Trono
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antonacci
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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Compaan AM, Song K, Huang Y. Gellan Fluid Gel as a Versatile Support Bath Material for Fluid Extrusion Bioprinting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5714-5726. [PMID: 30644714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing demand complex hydrogel-based constructs laden with living cells. Advanced support materials facilitate the fabrication of such constructs. This work demonstrates the versatility and utility of a gellan fluid gel as a support bath material for fabricating freeform 3D hydrogel constructs from a variety of materials. Notably, the gellan fluid gel support bath can supply sensitive biological cross-linking agents such as enzymes to printed fluid hydrogel precursors for mild covalent hydrogel cross-linking. This mild fabrication approach is suitable for fabricating cell-laden gelatin-based constructs in which mammalian cells can form intercellular contacts within hours of fabrication; cellular activity is observed over several days within printed constructs. In addition, gellan is compatible with a wide range of ionic and thermal conditions, which makes it a suitable support material for ionically cross-linked structures generated by printing alginate-based ink formulations as well as thermosensitive hydrogel constructs formed from gelatin. Ultraviolet irradiation of printed structures within the support bath is also demonstrated for photoinitiated cross-linking of acrylated ink materials. Furthermore, gellan support material performance in terms of printed filament stability and residual support material on constructs is found to be comparable and superior, respectively, to previously reported support materials.
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125
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Varkey M, Visscher DO, van Zuijlen PPM, Atala A, Yoo JJ. Skin bioprinting: the future of burn wound reconstruction? BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:4. [PMID: 30805375 PMCID: PMC6371568 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Burns are a significant cause of trauma, and over the years, the focus of patient care has shifted from just survival to facilitation of improved functional outcomes. Typically, burn treatment, especially in the case of extensive burn injuries, involves surgical excision of injured skin and reconstruction of the burn injury with the aid of skin substitutes. Conventional skin substitutes do not contain all skin cell types and do not facilitate recapitulation of native skin physiology. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting for reconstruction of burn injuries involves layer-by-layer deposition of cells along with scaffolding materials over the injured areas. Skin bioprinting can be done either in situ or in vitro. Both these approaches are similar except for the site of printing and tissue maturation. There are technological and regulatory challenges that need to be overcome for clinical translation of bioprinted skin for burn reconstruction. However, the use of bioprinting for skin reconstruction following burns is promising; bioprinting will enable accurate placement of cell types and precise and reproducible fabrication of constructs to replace the injured or damaged sites. Overall, 3D bioprinting is a very transformative technology, and its use for wound reconstruction will lead to a paradigm shift in patient outcomes. In this review, we aim to introduce bioprinting, the different stages involved, in vitro and in vivo skin bioprinting, and the various clinical and regulatory challenges in adoption of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Varkey
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27101 USA
| | - Dafydd O. Visscher
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. M. van Zuijlen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27101 USA
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27101 USA
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126
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Yu C, Ma X, Zhu W, Wang P, Miller KL, Stupin J, Koroleva-Maharajh A, Hairabedian A, Chen S. Scanningless and continuous 3D bioprinting of human tissues with decellularized extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 2019; 194:1-13. [PMID: 30562651 PMCID: PMC6339581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) have demonstrated excellent utility as bioscaffolds in recapitulating the complex biochemical microenvironment, however, their use as bioinks in 3D bioprinting to generate functional biomimetic tissues has been limited by their printability and lack of tunable physical properties. Here, we describe a method to produce photocrosslinkable tissue-specific dECM bioinks for fabricating patient-specific tissues with high control over complex microarchitecture and mechanical properties using a digital light processing (DLP)-based scanningless and continuous 3D bioprinter. We demonstrated that tissue-matched dECM bioinks provided a conducive environment for maintaining high viability and maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Microscale patterning also guided spontaneous cellular reorganization into predesigned striated heart and lobular liver structures through biophysical cues. Our methodology enables a light-based approach to rapidly bioprint dECM bioinks with accurate tissue-scale design to engineer physiologically-relevant functional human tissues for applications in biology, regenerative medicine, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xuanyi Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pengrui Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kathleen L Miller
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacob Stupin
- Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anna Koroleva-Maharajh
- Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alexandria Hairabedian
- Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Johnston TG, Fellin CR, Carignano A, Nelson A. Poly(alkyl glycidyl ether) hydrogels for harnessing the bioactivity of engineered microbes. Faraday Discuss 2019; 219:58-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a method to produce yeast-laden hydrogel inks for the direct-write 3D printing of cuboidal lattices for immobilized whole-cell catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alberto Carignano
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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128
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da Conceicao Ribeiro R, Pal D, Ferreira AM, Gentile P, Benning M, Dalgarno K. Reactive jet impingement bioprinting of high cell density gels for bone microtissue fabrication. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015014. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaf625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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129
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Yu C, Zhu W, Sun B, Mei D, Gou M, Chen S. Modulating physical, chemical, and biological properties in 3D printing for tissue engineering applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2018; 5:041107. [PMID: 31938080 PMCID: PMC6959479 DOI: 10.1063/1.5050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, 3D printing technologies have transformed the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine by providing a tool that enables unprecedented flexibility, speed, control, and precision over conventional manufacturing methods. As a result, there has been a growing body of research focused on the development of complex biomimetic tissues and organs produced via 3D printing to serve in various applications ranging from models for drug development to translational research and biological studies. With the eventual goal to produce functional tissues, an important feature in 3D printing is the ability to tune and modulate the microenvironment to better mimic in vivo conditions to improve tissue maturation and performance. This paper reviews various strategies and techniques employed in 3D printing from the perspective of achieving control over physical, chemical, and biological properties to provide a conducive microenvironment for the development of physiologically relevant tissues. We will also highlight the current limitations associated with attaining each of these properties in addition to introducing challenges that need to be addressed for advancing future 3D printing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San
Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San
Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
| | - Bingjie Sun
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San
Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
| | - Deqing Mei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West
China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San
Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093,
USA
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130
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Costantini M, Colosi C, Święszkowski W, Barbetta A. Co-axial wet-spinning in 3D bioprinting: state of the art and future perspective of microfluidic integration. Biofabrication 2018; 11:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aae605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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131
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Yang E, Miao S, Zhong J, Zhang Z, Mills DK, Zhang LG. Bio-Based Polymers for 3D Printing of Bioscaffolds. POLYM REV 2018; 58:668-687. [PMID: 30911289 PMCID: PMC6430134 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2018.1484761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies enable not only faster bioconstructs development but also on-demand and customized manufacturing, offering patients a personalized biomedical solution. This emerging technique has a great potential for fabricating bioscaffolds with complex architectures and geometries and specifically tailored for use in regenerative medicine. The next major innovation in this area will be the development of biocompatible and histiogenic 3D printing materials with bio-based printable polymers. This review will briefly discuss 3D printing techniques and their current limitations, with a focus on novel bio-based polymers as 3D printing feedstock for clinical medicine and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Shida Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Jing Zhong
- The University of Akron, Akron, 44304, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510150, PR China
| | - David K. Mills
- School of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biomedical Engineering & Rehabilitation Science. Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
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132
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Ghosh U, Ning S, Wang Y, Kong YL. Addressing Unmet Clinical Needs with 3D Printing Technologies. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800417. [PMID: 30004185 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D printing have enabled the creation of novel 3D constructs and devices with an unprecedented level of complexity, properties, and functionalities. In contrast to manufacturing techniques developed for mass production, 3D printing encompasses a broad class of fabrication technologies that can enable 1) the creation of highly customized and optimized 3D physical architectures from digital designs; 2) the synergistic integration of properties and functionalities of distinct classes of materials to create novel hybrid devices; and 3) a biocompatible fabrication approach that facilitates the creation and cointegration of biological constructs and systems. This progress report describes how these capabilities can potentially address a myriad of unmet clinical needs. First, the creation of 3D-printed prosthetics to regain lost functionalities by providing structural support for skeletal and tubular organs is highlighted. Second, novel drug delivery strategies aided by 3D-printed devices are described. Third, the advancement of medical research heralded by 3D-printed tissue/organ-on-chips systems is discussed. Fourth, the developments of 3D-printed tissue and organ regeneration are explored. Finally, the potential for seamless integration of engineered organs with active devices by leveraging the versatility of multimaterial 3D printing is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Utah; 1495 E 100 S (1550 MEK) Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Shen Ning
- Boston University School of Medicine; Boston University; 72 E Concord St Boston MA 02118 USA
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Utah; 1495 E 100 S (1550 MEK) Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Yong Lin Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Utah; 1495 E 100 S (1550 MEK) Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
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133
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Gretzinger S, Beckert N, Gleadall A, Lee-Thedieck C, Hubbuch J. 3D bioprinting – Flow cytometry as analytical strategy for 3D cell structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2018.e00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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134
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Ma X, Liu J, Zhu W, Tang M, Lawrence N, Yu C, Gou M, Chen S. 3D bioprinting of functional tissue models for personalized drug screening and in vitro disease modeling. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:235-251. [PMID: 29935988 PMCID: PMC6226327 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is emerging as a promising technology for fabricating complex tissue constructs with tailored biological components and mechanical properties. Recent advances have enabled scientists to precisely position materials and cells to build functional tissue models for in vitro drug screening and disease modeling. This review presents state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting techniques and discusses the choice of cell source and biomaterials for building functional tissue models that can be used for personalized drug screening and disease modeling. In particular, we focus on 3D-bioprinted liver models, cardiac tissues, vascularized constructs, and cancer models for their promising applications in medical research, drug discovery, toxicology, and other pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Natalie Lawrence
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Claire Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, PR China.
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135
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Datta P, Barui A, Wu Y, Ozbolat V, Moncal KK, Ozbolat IT. Essential steps in bioprinting: From pre- to post-bioprinting. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1481-1504. [PMID: 29909085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing demand for directed assembly of biomaterials has inspired the development of bioprinting, which facilitates the assembling of both cellular and acellular inks into well-arranged three-dimensional (3D) structures for tissue fabrication. Although great advances have been achieved in the recent decade, there still exist issues to be addressed. Herein, a review has been systematically performed to discuss the considerations in the entire procedure of bioprinting. Though bioprinting is advancing at a rapid pace, it is seen that the whole process of obtaining tissue constructs from this technique involves multiple-stages, cutting across various technology domains. These stages can be divided into three broad categories: pre-bioprinting, bioprinting and post-bioprinting. Each stage can influence others and has a bearing on the performance of fabricated constructs. For example, in pre-bioprinting, tissue biopsy and cell expansion techniques are essential to ensure a large number of cells are available for mass organ production. Similarly, medical imaging is needed to provide high resolution designs, which can be faithfully bioprinted. In the bioprinting stage, compatibility of biomaterials is needed to be matched with solidification kinetics to ensure constructs with high cell viability and fidelity are obtained. On the other hand, there is a need to develop bioprinters, which have high degrees of freedom of movement, perform without failure concerns for several hours and are compact, and affordable. Finally, maturation of bioprinted cells are governed by conditions provided during the post-bioprinting process. This review, for the first time, puts all the bioprinting stages in perspective of the whole process of bioprinting, and analyzes their current state-of-the art. It is concluded that bioprinting community will recognize the relative importance and optimize the parameter of each stage to obtain the desired outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Yang Wu
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Veli Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana 01950, Turkey
| | - Kazim K Moncal
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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136
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Adine C, Ng KK, Rungarunlert S, Souza GR, Ferreira JN. Engineering innervated secretory epithelial organoids by magnetic three-dimensional bioprinting for stimulating epithelial growth in salivary glands. Biomaterials 2018; 180:52-66. [PMID: 30025245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Current saliva-based stimulation therapies for radiotherapy-induced xerostomia are not fully effective due to the presence of damaged secretory epithelia and nerves in the salivary gland (SG). Hence, three-dimensional bio-engineered organoids are essential to regenerate the damaged SG. Herein, a recently validated three-dimensional (3D) biofabrication system, the magnetic 3D bioprinting (M3DB), is tested to generate innervated secretory epithelial organoids from a neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cell, the human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC). Cells are tagged with magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and spatially arranged with magnet dots to generate 3D spheroids. Next, a SG epithelial differentiation stage was completed with fibroblast growth factor 10 (4-400 ng/ml) to recapitulate SG epithelial morphogenesis and neurogenesis. The SG organoids were then transplanted into ex vivo model to evaluate their epithelial growth and innervation. M3DB-formed spheroids exhibited both high cell viability rate (>90%) and stable ATP intracellular activity compared to MNP-free spheroids. After differentiation, spheroids expressed SG epithelial compartments including secretory epithelial, ductal, myoepithelial, and neuronal. Fabricated organoids also produced salivary α-amylase upon FGF10 stimulation, and intracellular calcium mobilization and trans-epithelial resistance was elicited upon neurostimulation with different neurotransmitters. After transplantation, the SG-like organoids significantly stimulated epithelial and neuronal growth in damaged SG. It is the first time bio-functional innervated SG-like organoids are bioprinted. Thus, this is an important step towards SG regeneration and the treatment of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiaw K Ng
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sasitorn Rungarunlert
- Department of Preclinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Glauco R Souza
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Nano3D Biosciences Inc., Houston, TX, USA.
| | - João N Ferreira
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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137
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Skardal A. Perspective: “Universal” bioink technology for advancing extrusion bioprinting-based biomanufacturing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2018.e00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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138
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Celikkin N, Simó Padial J, Costantini M, Hendrikse H, Cohn R, Wilson CJ, Rowan AE, Święszkowski W. 3D Printing of Thermoresponsive Polyisocyanide (PIC) Hydrogels as Bioink and Fugitive Material for Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10050555. [PMID: 30966589 PMCID: PMC6415434 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid and great developments in the field of 3D hydrogel printing, a major ongoing challenge is represented by the development of new processable materials that can be effectively used for bioink formulation. In this work, we present an approach to 3D deposit, a new class of fully-synthetic, biocompatible PolyIsoCyanide (PIC) hydrogels that exhibit a reverse gelation temperature close to physiological conditions (37 °C). Being fully-synthetic, PIC hydrogels are particularly attractive for tissue engineering, as their properties—such as hydrogel stiffness, polymer solubility, and gelation kinetics—can be precisely tailored according to process requirements. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the feasibility of both 3D printing PIC hydrogels and of creating dual PIC-Gelatin MethAcrylate (GelMA) hydrogel systems. Furthermore, we propose the use of PIC as fugitive hydrogel to template structures within GelMA hydrogels. The presented approach represents a robust and valid alternative to other commercial thermosensitive systems—such as those based on Pluronic F127—for the fabrication of 3D hydrogels through additive manufacturing technologies to be used as advanced platforms in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehar Celikkin
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joan Simó Padial
- Department of Molecular Materials, Radboud Universities, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Noviotech B.V., Molenveldlaan 43, 6523 RJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco Costantini
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hans Hendrikse
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Molecular Materials, Radboud Universities, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rebecca Cohn
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Alan Edward Rowan
- Department of Molecular Materials, Radboud Universities, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.
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139
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Kogelenberg SV, Yue Z, Dinoro JN, Baker CS, Wallace GG. Three-Dimensional Printing and Cell Therapy for Wound Repair. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:145-155. [PMID: 29755850 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Skin tissue damage is a major challenge and a burden on healthcare systems, from burns and other trauma to diabetes and vascular disease. Although the biological complexities are relatively well understood, appropriate repair mechanisms are scarce. Three-dimensional bioprinting is a layer-based approach to regenerative medicine, whereby cells and cell-based materials can be dispensed in fine spatial arrangements to mimic native tissue. Recent Advances: Various bioprinting techniques have been employed in wound repair-based skin tissue engineering, from laser-induced forward transfer to extrusion-based methods, and with the investigation of the benefits and shortcomings of each, with emphasis on biological compatibility and cell proliferation, migration, and vitality. Critical issues: Development of appropriate biological inks and the vascularization of newly developed tissues remain a challenge within the field of skin tissue engineering. Future Directions: Progress within bioprinting requires close interactions between material scientists, tissue engineers, and clinicians. Microvascularization, integration of multiple cell types, and skin appendages will be essential for creation of complex skin tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia van Kogelenberg
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jeremy N. Dinoro
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Christopher S. Baker
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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140
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Saha A, Johnston TG, Shafranek RT, Goodman CJ, Zalatan JG, Storti DW, Ganter MA, Nelson A. Additive Manufacturing of Catalytically Active Living Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13373-13380. [PMID: 29608267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Living materials, which are composites of living cells residing in a polymeric matrix, are designed to utilize the innate functionalities of the cells to address a broad range of applications such as fermentation and biosensing. Herein, we demonstrate the additive manufacturing of catalytically active living materials (AMCALM) for continuous fermentation. A multi-stimuli-responsive yeast-laden hydrogel ink, based on F127-dimethacrylate, was developed and printed using a direct-write 3D printer. The reversible stimuli-responsive behaviors of the polymer hydrogel inks to temperature and pressure are critical, as they enabled the facile incorporation of yeast cells and subsequent fabrication of 3D lattice constructs. Subsequent photo-cross-linking of the printed polymer hydrogel afforded a robust elastic material. These yeast-laden living materials were metabolically active in the fermentation of glucose into ethanol for 2 weeks in a continuous batch process without significant reduction in efficiency (∼90% yield of ethanol). This cell immobilization platform may potentially be applicable toward other genetically modified yeast strains to produce other high-value chemicals in a continuous biofermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Saha
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Trevor G Johnston
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Ryan T Shafranek
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Cassandra J Goodman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Jesse G Zalatan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Duane W Storti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Mark A Ganter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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141
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Koch L, Deiwick A, Franke A, Schwanke K, Haverich A, Zweigerdt R, Chichkov B. Laser bioprinting of human induced pluripotent stem cells—the effect of printing and biomaterials on cell survival, pluripotency, and differentiation. Biofabrication 2018; 10:035005. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aab981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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142
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Agarwala S, Lee JM, Ng WL, Layani M, Yeong WY, Magdassi S. A novel 3D bioprinted flexible and biocompatible hydrogel bioelectronic platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:365-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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143
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Wang LL, Highley CB, Yeh YC, Galarraga JH, Uman S, Burdick JA. Three-dimensional extrusion bioprinting of single- and double-network hydrogels containing dynamic covalent crosslinks. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:865-875. [PMID: 29314616 PMCID: PMC5826872 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds is indispensable to tissue engineering and 3D printing is emerging as an important approach towards this. Hydrogels are often used as inks in extrusion-based 3D printing, including with encapsulated cells; however, numerous challenging requirements exist, including appropriate viscosity, the ability to stabilize after extrusion, and cytocompatibility. Here, we present a shear-thinning and self-healing hydrogel crosslinked through dynamic covalent chemistry for 3D bioprinting. Specifically, hyaluronic acid was modified with either hydrazide or aldehyde groups and mixed to form hydrogels containing a dynamic hydrazone bond. Due to their shear-thinning and self-healing properties, the hydrogels could be extruded for 3D printing of structures with high shape fidelity, stability to relaxation, and cytocompatibility with encapsulated fibroblasts (>80% viability). Forces for extrusion and filament sizes were dependent on parameters such as material concentration and needle gauge. To increase scaffold functionality, a second photocrosslinkable interpenetrating network was included that was used for orthogonal photostiffening and photopatterning through a thiol-ene reaction. Photostiffening increased the scaffold's modulus (∼300%) while significantly decreasing erosion (∼70%), whereas photopatterning allowed for spatial modification of scaffolds with dyes. Overall, this work introduces a simple approach to both fabricate and modify 3D printed scaffolds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 865-875, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo L. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Selen Uman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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144
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Shi P, Tan YSE, Yeong WY, Li HY, Laude A. A bilayer photoreceptor-retinal tissue model with gradient cell density design: A study of microvalve-based bioprinting. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1297-1306. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pujiang Shi
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Yong Sheng Edgar Tan
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Hoi Yeung Li
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Augustinus Laude
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore
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145
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Jian H, Wang M, Wang S, Wang A, Bai S. 3D bioprinting for cell culture and tissue fabrication. Biodes Manuf 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-018-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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146
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Abstract
Recent progress in the photoinitiators and monomers/oligomers of photopolymers for 3D printing is presented in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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147
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Suntornnond R, Tan EYS, An J, Chua CK. A highly printable and biocompatible hydrogel composite for direct printing of soft and perfusable vasculature-like structures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16902. [PMID: 29203812 PMCID: PMC5714969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is one major obstacle in bioprinting and tissue engineering. In order to create thick tissues or organs that can function like original body parts, the presence of a perfusable vascular system is essential. However, it is challenging to bioprint a hydrogel-based three-dimensional vasculature-like structure in a single step. In this paper, we report a new hydrogel-based composite that offers impressive printability, shape integrity, and biocompatibility for 3D bioprinting of a perfusable complex vasculature-like structure. The hydrogel composite can be used on a non-liquid platform and is printable at human body temperature. Moreover, the hydrogel composite supports both cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Our results represent a potentially new vascularization strategy for 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratima Suntornnond
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Edgar Yong Sheng Tan
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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148
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Zhuang P, Sun AX, An J, Chua CK, Chew SY. 3D neural tissue models: From spheroids to bioprinting. Biomaterials 2017; 154:113-133. [PMID: 29120815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro neural tissue models provide a better recapitulation of in vivo cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Therefore, the former is believed to have great potential for both mechanistic and translational studies. In this paper, we review the recent developments in 3D in vitro neural tissue models, with a particular focus on the emerging bioprinted tissue structures. We draw on specific examples to describe the merits and limitations of each model, in terms of different applications. Bioprinting offers a revolutionary approach for constructing repeatable and controllable 3D in vitro neural tissues with diverse cell types, complex microscale features and tissue level responses. Further advances in bioprinting research would likely consolidate existing models and generate complex neural tissue structures bearing higher fidelity, which is ultimately useful for probing disease-specific mechanisms, facilitating development of novel therapeutics and promoting neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhuang
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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149
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Chen MS, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Fabrication and characterization of a 3D bioprinted nanoparticle-hydrogel hybrid device for biomimetic detoxification. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14506-14511. [PMID: 28930358 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05322c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic micro/nanodevice is 3D bioprinted using polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel as the supporting platform, along with the red blood cell (RBC) membrane-coated nanoparticles (RBC-NPs) encapsulated in the hydrogel as the detoxification mechanism. RBC-NPs are prepared through a nanoprecipitation and coating method and then mixed into the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) monomer solution for 3D bioprinting through photopolymerization. This resulting detoxification device is engineered with multiple inner channels for the RBC-NPs to nonspecifically soak up the various toxins flowing through the channels. Different shapes (i.e. star or triangle) of the channel are fabricated, each with a larger surface area than the generic circle shape. The device is characterized for microstructure, nanoparticle encapsulation and function, and its detoxification ability. Overall, the strategy of incorporating functional nanoparticles into a biocompatible hydrogel as the supporting platform may enable localized, patient specific controlled therapeutics for detoxification, drug delivery, and other precision medicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie S Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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150
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Maestri CA, Bettotti P, Scarpa M. Fabrication of complex-shaped hydrogels by diffusion controlled gelation of nanocellulose crystallites. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8096-8104. [PMID: 32264648 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the fabrication of small hydrogel objects by the coordination-driven assembly of supramolecular rod-like crystallites of nanocellulose, using ionotropic gelation as a methodological approach and Ca2+ as a gelling agent. We proved that the gelation process is diffusion-mediated and fitting the equations modelling this process to the profile of the Ca2+ front, a Ca2+ diffusion coefficient in the incipient hydrogel of (4.5 ± 1.1) × 10-6 cm2 s-1 was calculated. At the steady-state a spatially homogeneous distribution of Ca2+-crosslinked sites in the hydrogel network was observed. External ionotropic gelation produced beads, wires or disks, while core-shell capsules were obtained by inverse ionotropic gelation. We demonstrated that equilibrium and dynamics of the distribution of Ca2+ offer the opportunity to design precisely the size and shape of these small hydrogel objects. In particular, the core size and the shell thickness of the capsules can be tailored under kinetic controlled conditions. The proposed approach, with supramolecular structures of the natural source as assembling components and the water-in-water fabrication process, is fast, simple, and requires only sustainable chemistry and is easily implementable in automatic microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Maestri
- Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo TN, Italy.
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