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Divalent metal phosphonates – new aspects for syntheses, in situ characterization and structure solution. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2016-1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDivalent metal phosphonates are promising hybrid materials with a broad field of application. The rich coordination chemistry of the phosphonate linkers enables the formation of structures with different dimensionalities ranging from isolated complexes and layered structures to porous frameworks incorporating various functionalities through the choice of the building blocks. In brief, metal phosphonates offer an interesting opportunity for the design of multifunctional materials. Here, we provide a short review on the class of divalent metal phosphonates discussing their syntheses, structures, and applications. We present the advantages of the recently introduced mechanochemical pathway for the synthesis of divalent phosphonates as a possibility to generate new, in certain cases metastable compounds. The benefits of
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102
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Raman and Terahertz Spectroscopic Investigation of Cocrystal Formation Involving Antibiotic Nitrofurantoin Drug and Coformer 4-aminobenzoic Acid. CRYSTALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst6120164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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103
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Belenguer AM, Lampronti GI, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Hunter CA, Sanders JKM. Solvation and surface effects on polymorph stabilities at the nanoscale. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6617-6627. [PMID: 28567252 PMCID: PMC5450528 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03457h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the effects of particle size and solvent environment on the thermodynamic stability of two pairs of polymorphs subjected to ball-mill neat grinding (NG) and liquid assisted grinding (LAG).
We explore the effects of particle size and solvent environment on the thermodynamic stability of two pairs of polymorphs subjected to ball-mill neat grinding (NG) and liquid assisted grinding (LAG). Two systems were studied: (i) forms I and II of a 1 : 1 theophylline : benzamide cocrystal and (ii) forms A and B of an aromatic disulfide compound. For both systems, the most stable-bulk polymorph converted to the metastable-bulk polymorph upon NG. LAG experiments yielded different outcomes depending on the amount of solvent used. This was further investigated by performing carefully controlled LAG experiments with increasing μL amounts of solvents of different nature. With these experiments, we were able to monitor form A to B and form I to II conversions as a function of solvent concentration and derive polymorph equilibrium curves. The concentration required for a switch in polymorphic outcome was found to be dependent on solvent nature. We propose that these experiments demonstrate a switch in thermodynamic stability of the polymorphs in the milling jar. Form B, the stable-bulk polymorph, has less stable surfaces than form A, thus becoming metastable at the nanoscale when surface effects become important. Ex situ diffraction and electron microscopy data confirm crystal sizes in the order of tens of nanometers after the ball mill grinding experiments reach equilibrium. DFT-d computations of the polymorph particles stabilities support these findings and were used to calculate cross-over sizes of forms A and B as a function of solvent. Attachment energies and surface stabilities of the various crystalline faces exposed were found to be very sensitive to the solvent environment. Our findings suggest that surface effects are significant in polymorphism at the nanoscale and that the outcomes of equilibrium ball-mill NG and LAG experiments are in general controlled by thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Belenguer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ;
| | - G I Lampronti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; .,Department of Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing St , Cambridge , CB2 3EQ , UK
| | - A J Cruz-Cabeza
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science , The University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - C A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ;
| | - J K M Sanders
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ;
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104
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Brede FA, Mühlbach F, Sextl G, Müller-Buschbaum K. Mechanochemical and thermal formation of 1H-benzotriazole coordination polymers and complexes of 3d-transition metals with intriguing dielectric properties. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10609-19. [PMID: 27265300 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01597b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) reactions have been successfully applied to achieve a series of complexes and coordination polymers based on divalent 3d-transition metal chlorides (TM chlorides) and the aromatic ligand 1H-benzotriazole (BtzH). The obtained substances were investigated via single crystal X-ray, powder X-ray determination and simultaneous DTA/TG analysis as model compounds for structural and chemical influences on their dielectric properties. Depending on the synthesis method, different constitutions and structures are observed. Two polymorphous forms of the 1D polymer [MnCl2(BtzH)2] (1 and 2) as well as the complexes [ZnCl2(BtzH)2]·BtzH (3) and [CoCl2(BtzH)2]·BtzH (4) have been obtained as phase-pure bulk substances via the mechanochemical LAG route, and even single crystals are available. For comparison, thermal reactions were also carried out and have led to the formation of the neutral complexes: [CoCl2(BtzH)2] (5) and [CoCl2(BtzH)4]·4BtzH (6), [ZnCl2(BtzH)2] (7) and the anionic complex BtzH2[CoCl3BtzH] (8). In addition, thermal treatment of 3 yields the benzotriazolium salt {(BtzH)2H}Cl (9). The transition metal compounds were additionally analysed regarding their dielectric properties by frequency-dependent as well as temperature-dependent permittivity investigations. It is intriguing that compounds 1 and 3 show remarkably low dielectric constants and loss factors up to 50 °C highlighting them as potential "low-k materials".
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A Brede
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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105
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Kulla H, Greiser S, Benemann S, Rademann K, Emmerling F. In Situ Investigation of a Self-Accelerated Cocrystal Formation by Grinding Pyrazinamide with Oxalic Acid. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070917. [PMID: 27428942 PMCID: PMC6274108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new cocrystal of pyrazinamide with oxalic acid was prepared mechanochemically and characterized by PXRD, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, DTA-TG, and SEM. Based on powder X-ray diffraction data the structure was solved. The formation pathway of the reaction was studied in situ using combined synchrotron PXRD and Raman spectroscopy. Using oxalic acid dihydrate the initially neat grinding turned into a rapid self-accelerated liquid-assisted grinding process by the release of crystallization water. Under these conditions, the cocrystal was formed directly within two minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kulla
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Greiser
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Benemann
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus Rademann
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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106
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Rightmire NR, Hanusa TP. Advances in organometallic synthesis with mechanochemical methods. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2352-62. [PMID: 26763151 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-based syntheses have long been normative in all areas of chemistry, although mechanochemical methods (specifically grinding and milling) have been used to good effect for decades in organic, and to a lesser but growing extent, inorganic coordination chemistry. Organometallic synthesis, in contrast, represents a relatively underdeveloped area for mechanochemical research, and the potential benefits are considerable. From access to new classes of unsolvated complexes, to control over stoichiometries that have not been observed in solution routes, mechanochemical (or 'M-chem') approaches have much to offer the synthetic chemist. It has already become clear that removing the solvent from an organometallic reaction can change reaction pathways considerably, so that prediction of the outcome is not always straightforward. This Perspective reviews recent developments in the field, and describes equipment that can be used in organometallic synthesis. Synthetic chemists are encouraged to add mechanochemical methods to their repertoire in the search for new and highly reactive metal complexes and novel types of organometallic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Rightmire
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
| | - Timothy P Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
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107
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Chen D, Han X, Du Y, Wang HL, Xu P. In Situ Raman Monitoring of Silver(I)-Aided Laser-Driven Cleavage Reaction of Cyclobutane. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:46-50. [PMID: 26510491 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cyclobutane cleavage reaction is an important process and has received continuous interest. Herein, we demonstrate the visible laser-driven cleavage reaction of cyclobutane in crystal form by using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Silver(I) coordination-induced strain and thermal effects from the laser irradiation are the two main driving forces for the cleavage of cyclobutane crystals. This work may open up a new avenue for studying cyclobutane cleavage reactions, as compared to the conventional routes using ex situ techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengtai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xijiang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Yunchen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
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108
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Wilke M, Batzdorf L, Fischer F, Rademann K, Emmerling F. Cadmium phenylphosphonates: preparation, characterisation and in situ investigation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New and known cadmium phenylphosphonates were prepared mechanochemically and their synthesis mechanism was determined in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wilke
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Lisa Batzdorf
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Franziska Fischer
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Klaus Rademann
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
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109
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Wilke M, Buzanich AG, Reinholz U, Rademann K, Emmerling F. The structure and in situ synthesis investigation of isomorphic mononuclear molecular metal phenylphosphonates. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9460-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a fast and effective synthesis for molecular metal phosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wilke
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | | | - Uwe Reinholz
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Klaus Rademann
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
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110
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Huskić I, Christopherson JC, Užarević K, Friščić T. In situ monitoring of vapour-induced assembly of pharmaceutical cocrystals using a benchtop powder X-ray diffractometer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5120-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple setup for in situ continuous monitoring of vapour-induced transformations of organic solids using a benchtop powder X-ray diffractometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Huskić
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | | | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
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111
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Užarević K, Halasz I, Friščić T. Real-Time and In Situ Monitoring of Mechanochemical Reactions: A New Playground for All Chemists. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4129-40. [PMID: 26722788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We provide a brief overview of the first techniques for direct, real-time observation of mechanochemical reactions by milling. Whereas mechanisms and kinetics of solid-state reactions induced by temperature or pressure have been extensively investigated, transformations of materials under continuous impact in a milling assembly remain largely unexplored and based on ex situ studies. The recent introduction and development of techniques for in situ monitoring of milling reactions by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy has enabled the first direct insight into milling mechanochemistry, opening a new area for studies of chemical reactivity. So far, these techniques have revealed rapid, multistep reaction mechanisms and metastable intermediates that are impossible or difficult to observe or isolate in solution and have highlighted shortcomings of ex situ mechanistic studies. These pioneering advances also highlight the low level of mechanistic understanding and future challenges in developing a clear mechanistic picture of physicochemical transformations by milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krunoslav Užarević
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
- Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
- Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada
- Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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112
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Métro TX, Bonnamour J, Reidon T, Duprez A, Sarpoulet J, Martinez J, Lamaty F. Comprehensive study of the organic-solvent-free CDI-mediated acylation of various nucleophiles by mechanochemistry. Chemistry 2015; 21:12787-96. [PMID: 26177831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acylation reactions are ubiquitous in the synthesis of natural products and biologically active compounds. Unfortunately, these reactions often require the use of large quantities of volatile and/or toxic solvents, either for the reaction, purification or isolation of the products. Herein we describe and discuss the possibility of completely eliminating the use of organic solvents for the synthesis, purification and isolation of products resulting from the acylation of amines and other nucleophiles. Thus, utilisation of N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) allows efficient coupling between carboxylic acids and various nucleophiles under solvent-free mechanical agitation, and water-assisted grinding enables both the purification and isolation of pure products. Critical parameters such as the physical state and water solubility of the products, milling material, type of agitation (vibratory or planetary) as well as contamination from wear are analysed and discussed. In addition, original organic-solvent-free conditions are proposed to overcome the limitations of this approach. The calculations of various green metrics are included, highlighting the particularly low environmental impact of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas-Xavier Métro
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France).
| | - Julien Bonnamour
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)
| | - Thomas Reidon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)
| | - Anthony Duprez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)
| | - Jordi Sarpoulet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)
| | - Frédéric Lamaty
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France).
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113
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Juribašić M, Užarević K, Gracin D, Ćurić M. Mechanochemical C-H bond activation: rapid and regioselective double cyclopalladation monitored by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10287-90. [PMID: 25056429 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first direct mechanochemical transition-metal-mediated activation of strong phenyl C-H bonds is reported. The mechanochemical procedure, resulting in cyclopalladated complexes, is quantitative and significantly faster than solution synthesis and allows highly regioselective activation of two C-H bonds by palladium(II) acetate in asymmetrically substituted azobenzene. Milling is monitored by in situ solid-state Raman spectroscopy which in combination with quantum-chemical calculations enabled characterization of involved reaction species, direct insight into the dynamics and reaction pathways, as well as the optimization of a milling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Juribašić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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115
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Štrukil V, Gracin D, Magdysyuk OV, Dinnebier RE, Friščić T. Trapping Reactive Intermediates by Mechanochemistry: Elusive ArylN-Thiocarbamoylbenzotriazoles as Bench-Stable Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8440-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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116
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Štrukil V, Gracin D, Magdysyuk OV, Dinnebier RE, Friščić T. Trapping Reactive Intermediates by Mechanochemistry: Elusive ArylN-Thiocarbamoylbenzotriazoles as Bench-Stable Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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117
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Dokli I, Gredičak M. Mechanochemical Ritter Reaction: A Rapid Approach to Functionalized Amides at Room Temperature. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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118
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Tireli M, Juribašić Kulcsár M, Cindro N, Gracin D, Biliškov N, Borovina M, Ćurić M, Halasz I, Užarević K. Mechanochemical reactions studied by in situ Raman spectroscopy: base catalysis in liquid-assisted grinding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8058-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring byin situRaman spectroscopy of a mechanochemical substitution reaction on a carbonyl group reveals base catalysis akin to catalysis in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikola Cindro
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | | | - Mladen Borovina
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
| | - Manda Ćurić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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119
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Xu C, De S, Balu AM, Ojeda M, Luque R. Mechanochemical synthesis of advanced nanomaterials for catalytic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6698-713. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09876e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical synthesis emerged as the most advantageous, environmentally sound alternative to traditional routes for nanomaterials preparation with outstanding properties for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Sudipta De
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110007
- India
| | - Alina M. Balu
- Department of Catalysis and New Chemistries
- Avantium Chemicals
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
| | - Manuel Ojeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14014 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14014 Córdoba
- Spain
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120
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Batzdorf L, Fischer F, Wilke M, Wenzel KJ, Emmerling F. Direct In Situ Investigation of Milling Reactions Using Combined X-ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1799-802. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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121
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Batzdorf L, Fischer F, Wilke M, Wenzel KJ, Emmerling F. Direct In Situ Investigation of Milling Reactions Using Combined X-ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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122
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Belenguer AM, Lampronti GI, Wales DJ, Sanders JKM. Direct observation of intermediates in a thermodynamically controlled solid-state dynamic covalent reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16156-66. [PMID: 25314624 DOI: 10.1021/ja500707z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the first polymorph interconversion study that uses solid-state dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC). This system exhibits unexpected and rich behavior, including the observation that under appropriate conditions the polymorph interconversion of a heterodimer proceeds through reversible covalent chemistry intermediates, and this route is facilitated by one of the two disulfide homodimers involved in the reaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate experimentally that in all cases a dynamic equilibrium is reached, meaning that changing the milling conditions affects the free energy difference between the two polymorphs and thus their relative stability. We suggest that this effect is due to the surface solvation energy combined with the high surface to volume ratio of the nanocrystalline powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Belenguer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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123
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Ferencz Z, Szabados M, Ádok-Sipiczki M, Kukovecz Á, Kónya Z, Sipos P, Pálinkó I. Mechanochemically assisted synthesis of pristine Ca(II)Sn(IV)-layered double hydroxides and their amino acid intercalated nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10853-014-8558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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