101
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Yaghoobi Nia N, Méndez M, di Carlo A, Palomares E. Energetic disorder in perovskite/polymer solar cells and its relationship with the interfacial carrier losses. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180315. [PMID: 31280718 PMCID: PMC6635629 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have observed a direct relationship between the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) molecular weight (MW) and the perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency. Herein, we analyse how the differences in MW and the differences in energetic disorder influence the interfacial carrier losses in the PSCs under operation conditions and explain the observed differences. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Energy materials for a low carbon future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Yaghoobi Nia
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maria Méndez
- The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Aldo di Carlo
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- LASE-National University of Science and Technology ‘MISiS’, 4, Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Emilio Palomares
- The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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102
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Dehnhardt N, Klement P, Chatterjee S, Heine J. Divergent Optical Properties in an Isomorphous Family of Multinary Iodido Pentelates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10983-10990. [PMID: 31389693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multinary organic-inorganic metal halide materials beyond the perovskite motif can help to address both fundamental aspects such as the electronic interactions between different metalate building units and practical issues like stability and ease of preparation in this new field of research. However, such multinary compounds have remained quite rare for the halogenido pentelates, as the formation of simpler side phases can be a significant hindrance. Here, we report a family of four new multinary iodido pentelates [PPh4]2[ECu2I7(nitrile)] (E = Sb, Bi; nitrile = acetonitile or propionitrile), including the first metalate with a Cu-I-Sb unit. The compounds can be obtained by facile solution or mechanochemical methods and display good stability up to 160 °C. A comparison with compounds containing binary anions [EI6]3- reveals that, unexpectedly, the addition of the iodido cuprate unit causes a blue-shift in the absorption of the antimonates but a red-shift in the bismuthates. Photoluminescence investigations at 10 K show that the compounds display broad luminescence bands that correspond well with the trend in their onset of absorption. Overall, the work highlights that multinary, non-perovskite halogenido metalates can be a valuable expansion of the chemistry of metal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Dehnhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg , Germany
| | - Philip Klement
- Institute of Experimental Physics I and Center for Materials Research (ZfM) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Sangam Chatterjee
- Institute of Experimental Physics I and Center for Materials Research (ZfM) , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Johanna Heine
- Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg , Germany
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103
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Zhu W, Deng M, Zhang Z, Chen D, Xi H, Chang J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Hao Y. Intermediate Phase Halide Exchange Strategy toward a High-Quality, Thick CsPbBr 3 Film for Optoelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22543-22549. [PMID: 31150206 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr3 is emerging as one of the promising alternatives to the hybrid counterparts for optoelectronic applications owing to its upgraded stability. Yet, the inherently low solubility of a CsBr precursor material restricts the quality and especially the thickness of a solution-processed CsPbBr3 film, thus hindering the further optimization of device performance. Herein, we report a facile intermediate phase halide exchange reaction that can break the thickness limit of a solution-processed CsPbBr3 film, since it avoids the use of low-solubility CsBr. Furthermore, the CH3NH3I byproduct after halide exchange could trigger a beneficial Ostwald ripening process to promote grain coarsening in the film. Hence, the uniformly flat, pure-phase, and compact CsPbBr3 film composed of [100] preferential, microsized grains can be achieved. As a demonstration of its excellent optoelectronic features, the carbon-based, all-inorganic photodetector with such a favorable film yields a maximum photoresponsivity of 0.35 A W-1 and a specific detectivity of 1.94 × 1013 Jones coupled with a response time of 0.58 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhu
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Minyu Deng
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Zeyang Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Dazheng Chen
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - He Xi
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology and Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
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104
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Dai Y, Tüysüz H. Lead-Free Cs 3 Bi 2 Br 9 Perovskite as Photocatalyst for Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2587-2592. [PMID: 30994264 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an innovative approach was developed by using stable, lead-free halide perovskite for solar-driven organic synthesis. The ring-opening reaction of epoxides was chosen as a model system for the synthesis of value-added β-alkoxy alcohols, which require energy-intensive process conditions and corrosive, strong acids for conventional synthesis. The developed concept included the in situ preparation of Cs3 Bi2 Br9 and its simultaneous application as photocatalyst for epoxide alcoholysis under visible-light irradiation in air at 293 K, with exceptional high activity and selectivity ≥86 % for β-alkoxy alcohols and thia-compounds. The Cs3 Bi2 Br9 photocatalyst exhibited good stability and recyclability. In contrast, the lead-based perovskite showed a conversion rate of only 1 %. The origin of the unexpected catalytic behavior was attributed to the combination of the photocatalytic process and the presence of suitable Lewis-acidic centers on the surface of the bismuth halide perovskite photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Dai
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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105
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Wang Y, Wan J, Ding J, Hu JS, Wang D. A Rutile TiO 2 Electron Transport Layer for the Enhancement of Charge Collection for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9414-9418. [PMID: 31041835 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial charge collection efficiency has demonstrated significant effects on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, crystalline phase-dependent charge collection is investigated by using rutile and anatase TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) to fabricate PSCs. The results show that rutile TiO2 ETL enhances the extraction and transportation of electrons to FTO and reduces the recombination, thanks to its better conductivity and improved interface with the CH3 NH3 PbI3 (MAPbI3 ) layer. Moreover, this may be also attributed to the fact that rutile TiO2 has better match with perovskite grains, and less trap density. As a result, comparing with anatase TiO2 ETL, MAPbI3 PSCs with rutile TiO2 ETL delivers significantly enhanced performance with a champion PCE of 20.9 % and a large open circuit voltage (VOC ) of 1.17 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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106
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Wang Y, Wan J, Ding J, Hu J, Wang D. A Rutile TiO
2
Electron Transport Layer for the Enhancement of Charge Collection for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiawei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing China
| | - Jin‐Song Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences 1 North 2nd Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
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107
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Yuan G, Huang S, Qin S, Wu X, Ding H, Lu A. Structural, Optical, and Thermal Properties of Cs2
SnI6
-
x
Br
x
Mixed Perovskite Solid Solutions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yuan
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education; No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing PR China
| | - Shengxuan Huang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education; No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing PR China
| | - Shan Qin
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education; No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing PR China
| | - Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; China University of Geosciences; Lumo Road No. 388 Wuhan PR China
| | - Hongrui Ding
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education; No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing PR China
| | - Anhuai Lu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Ministry of Education; No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District Beijing PR China
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108
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Zhu W, Zhang Z, Chai W, Zhang Q, Chen D, Lin Z, Chang J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Hao Y. Band Alignment Engineering Towards High Efficiency Carbon-Based Inorganic Planar CsPbIBr 2 Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2318-2325. [PMID: 30912615 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite CsPbIBr2 is attracting ever-increasing attention for carbon-based, all-inorganic solar cells, owing to its well-balanced band gap and stability features. However, significant interfacial recombination of charge carriers in solar cells fabricated with this active layer, which is intrinsically associated with the unwanted conduction band misalignment between CsPbIBr2 and the commonly used TiO2 electron transport layer, has limited power conversion efficiency (PCE) values. Herein, we demonstrate successful conduction band alignment engineering at the TiO2 /CsPbIBr2 heterojunction by modifying TiO2 with CsBr clusters. Such modification triggers a beneficial increase in the conduction band minimum (CBM) of TiO2 from -4.00 to -3.81 eV and decreases the work function from 4.11 to 3.86 eV, thus promoting favorable band alignment at the heterojunction, suppressing recombination, and improving extraction and transport of charge carriers. As a result, the carbon-based, all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 solar cells exhibit over 20 % enhancement in average PCE. The champion device achieves a PCE of 10.71 %, a record among pure CsPbIBr2 -based cells, open-circuit voltage of 1.261 V, and excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhu
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Zeyang Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Wenming Chai
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Qianni Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Dazheng Chen
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, P.R. China
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109
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Molina D, Ruiz-Preciado MA, Sadegh F, Álvaro-Martins MJ, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A, Sastre-Santos Á. p-Phenylene-bridged zinc phthalocyanine-dimer as hole-transporting material in perovskite solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a [Formula: see text]-phenylene-bridged ZnPc dimer along with a preliminary study of this material as hole transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells is described. The maximum efficiencies that obtained are 15.2% for ZnPc-[Formula: see text]-ZnPc 1, thus demonstrating the potential of the Pc dimers that could pave the path to achieve highly efficient PSCs (PCE >20%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiré Molina
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda., de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche, Spain
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Pcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco A. Ruiz-Preciado
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Pcole Polytechnique, F8d8rale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Faranak Sadegh
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Pcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria João Álvaro-Martins
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda., de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche, Spain
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Pcole Polytechnique, F8d8rale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Pcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda., de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche, Spain
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110
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Möbs J, Heine J. 11/15/17 Complexes as Molecular Models for Metal Halide Double Perovskite Materials. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6175-6183. [PMID: 31017769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen neutral complexes [E xM yX z(PPh3) n(L) m] (E = Bi, Sb; M = Cu, Ag; X = Cl, Br, I; L = solvent) featuring three different motifs were prepared and characterized regarding their structure, stability, and absorption spectra. While not identical in structural motif, the compounds can serve as models for the influence of the composition E/M/X on the optical properties of double perovskites A2EMX6 (A = Cs, CH3NH3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Möbs
- Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35043 Marburg , Germany
| | - Johanna Heine
- Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße , 35043 Marburg , Germany
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111
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Wu T, Zhen C, Wu J, Jia C, Haider M, Wang L, Liu G, Cheng HM. Chlorine capped SnO 2 quantum-dots modified TiO 2 electron selective layer to enhance the performance of planar perovskite solar cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:547-552. [PMID: 36659745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) ended with chlorine ions are introduced at the interface of spin-coated TiO2 electron selective layer (ESL)/perovskite to fill the pinholes in the layer and passivate the trapping defects. As a result of the increased interface electron collection and reduced bulk recombination, the planar perovskite solar cell with the QDs modified ESL gives the large power conversion efficiency enhancement from 14.9% to 17.3% and greatly improved stability under the continuous light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chao Zhen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunxu Jia
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mustafa Haider
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and AIBN, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Low-Dimensional Material and Device Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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112
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Dehnhardt N, Böth A, Heine J. Surprising discoveries on the way to an old compound: four transient iodido antimonates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5222-5229. [PMID: 30896695 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the synthesis of the literature-known iodido antimonate [Cu(MeCN)4]4[Sb3I11]2 (MeCN = acetonitrile), four transient compounds, [Cu(MeCN)4]4[Sb6I22]·2MeCN (1), [Cu(MeCN)4]4[Sb7I25]·MeCN (2), [Cu(MeCN)4]4[Sb10I34] (3) and [Cu(MeCN)4]4[Sb8I28] (4), were identified. The compounds appeared within hours or days and subsequently re-dissolved in the mother liquor, leading to [Cu(MeCN)4]4[Sb3I11]2 as the final product. Single crystal X-ray analysis showed that all four compounds feature unprecedented anion motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Dehnhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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113
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Using a Neural Network to Improve the Optical Absorption in Halide Perovskite Layers Containing Core-Shells Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030437. [PMID: 30875956 PMCID: PMC6474077 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Core-shells metallic nanoparticles have the advantage of possessing two plasmon resonances, one in the visible and one in the infrared part of the spectrum. This special property is used in this work to enhance the efficiency of thin film solar cells by improving the optical absorption at both wavelength ranges simultaneously by using a neural network. Although many thin-film solar cell compositions can benefit from such a design, in this work, different silver core-shell configurations were explored inside a Halide Perovskite (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) thin film. Because the number of potential configurations is infinite, only a limited number of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations were performed. A neural network was then trained with the simulation results to find the core-shells configurations with optimal optical absorption across different wavelength ranges. This demonstrates that core-shells nanoparticles can make an important contribution to improving solar cell performance and that neural networks can be used to find optimal results in such nanophotonic systems.
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114
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Novel Nd-doping effect on structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of facilely fabricated PbI2 thin films applicable to optoelectronic devices. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-00983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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115
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Xu NN, Yu SK, Zhang X, Tang ZZ, Zhu QY, Dai J. Perfect Self-Assembling of One-Dimensional Lead Iodides with Tetrahedral Cu 4I 6S 4 Clusters: A High-Symmetry Cubic Packing. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2248-2251. [PMID: 30694054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites are attractive for their applications in photovoltaic devices. We synthesized a novel 1-D hybrid lead iodide, (tu)2Cu2PbI4, in which 1-D PbI3 chains are tetrahedrally orientated to form a crystal lattice with high-symmetry cubic space group Ia3̅ d (No. 230). Optoelectronic and fluorescence properties are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Kang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Zhen Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
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116
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117
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Yin XL, Li LL, Li DC, Wei DH, Hu CC, Dou JM. Room temperature synthesis of CdS/SrTiO3 nanodots-on-nanocubes for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution from water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 536:694-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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118
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Hu W, Zhou W, Lei X, Zhou P, Zhang M, Chen T, Zeng H, Zhu J, Dai S, Yang S, Yang S. Low-Temperature In Situ Amino Functionalization of TiO 2 Nanoparticles Sharpens Electron Management Achieving over 21% Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806095. [PMID: 30633399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium oxide (TiO2 ) has been commonly used as an electron transport layer (ETL) of regular-structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and so far the reported PSC devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 21% are mostly based on mesoporous structures containing an indispensable mesoporous TiO2 layer. However, a high temperature annealing (over 450 °C) treatment is mandatory, which is incompatible with low-cost fabrication and flexible devices. Herein, a facile one-step, low-temperature, nonhydrolytic approach to in situ synthesizing amino-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles (abbreviated as NH2 -TiO2 NPs) is developed by chemical bonding of amino (-NH2 ) groups, via TiN bonds, onto the surface of TiO2 NPs. NH2 -TiO2 NPs are then incorporated as an efficient ETL in n-i-p planar heterojunction (PHJ) PSCs, affording PCE over 21%. Cs0.05 FA0.83 MA0.12 PbI2.55 Br0.45 (abbreviated as CsFAMA) PHJ PSC devices based on NH2 -TiO2 ETL exhibit the best PCE of 21.33%, which is significantly higher than that of the devices based on the pristine TiO2 ETL (19.82%) and is close to the record PCE for devices with similar structures and fabrication procedures. Besides, due to the passivation of the surface trap states of perovskite film, the hysteresis of current-voltage response is significantly suppressed, and the ambient stability of devices is improved upon amino functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weiran Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xunyong Lei
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hualing Zeng
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Lab of Special Display Technology, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, State Key Lab of Advanced Display Technology, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Nano-Micro Material Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
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119
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Zhang Q, Zhu W, Chen D, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Chang J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Hao Y. Light Processing Enables Efficient Carbon-Based, All-Inorganic Planar CsPbIBr 2 Solar Cells with High Photovoltages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2997-3005. [PMID: 30596231 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic halide perovskite CsPbIBr2 possesses the most balanced band gap and stability characters among all of the concerned analogs for carbon-based, all-inorganic solar cells that are free of any hole-transporting layers and noble-metal electrodes. Yet, the current CsPbIBr2 solar cells seem to deliver the lowest record efficiency. This is originally plagued by a serious energy loss ( Eloss) in the cells, which thus limits their open-circuit voltages ( Voc) severely. Herein, we demonstrate a light-processing technology that can overcome this obstacle successfully, by enabling the full-coverage, pure-phase CsPbIBr2 films featured with large grains, high crystallinity, and preferential [100] grains orientation, along with favorable electronic structure. It is achieved by the exposure of CsPbIBr2 precursor film formed in a conventional one-step spin-coating route to a simulated AM 1.5 G illumination before thermal annealing. The resulting carbon-based, all-inorganic planar cells give an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.60% with the Voc of 1.283 V. Notably, such an impressive Voc stands the highest value among all of the previously reported CsPbIBr2 solar cells; hence, its PCE exceeds nearly all of them. Therefore, our work suggests a new route to further improve the efficiency of low-cost, stable, and simple-fabrication CsPbIBr2 solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianni Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Dazheng Chen
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Zeyang Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics , Xidian University , Xi'an 710071 , China
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120
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De Souza RA, Barboni D. Iodide-ion conduction in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite: some extraordinary aspects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1108-1111. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Certain surprising aspects of iodide-ion conduction in MAPbI3, such as the low migration barrier and the dominance of anti-Frenkel disorder, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. De Souza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Denis Barboni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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121
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Kosasih FU, Ducati C. Attaining High Photovoltaic Efficiency and Stability with Multidimensional Perovskites. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:4193-4202. [PMID: 30277318 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has soared over the past ten years and currently rivals those of crystalline silicon and other thin-film solar cells. Most of the research effort so far has been focused on three-dimensional (3 D) perovskite crystals, producing devices with very high efficiency but poor operational and environmental stability. Two-dimensional (2 D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite has recently shown its potential as a highly stable light absorber, albeit with low efficiency. This work reviews the current progress in attaining both high efficiency and stability in solar cells by using 2 D perovskite. In particular, the focus is on multidimensional perovskite as a way to combine the best characteristics of 3 D and 2 D perovskites. Future challenges and potential methods to boost the performance of multidimensional perovskite solar cells further are briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Utama Kosasih
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
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122
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Luo H, Wu J, Liu Q, Zhang M, Yuan P, Huang M. An Additive of Sulfonic Lithium Salt for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional MaterialsMinistry of EducationFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional MaterialsCollege of Material Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University, No.668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen Fujian 361021 PR China)
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional MaterialsMinistry of EducationFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional MaterialsCollege of Material Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University, No.668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen Fujian 361021 PR China)
| | - Quanzhen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional MaterialsMinistry of EducationFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional MaterialsCollege of Material Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University, No.668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen Fujian 361021 PR China)
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional MaterialsMinistry of EducationFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional MaterialsCollege of Material Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University, No.668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen Fujian 361021 PR China)
| | - Pengqiang Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional MaterialsMinistry of EducationFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional MaterialsCollege of Material Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University, No.668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen Fujian 361021 PR China)
| | - Miaoliang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional MaterialsMinistry of EducationFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional MaterialsCollege of Material Science and EngineeringHuaqiao University, No.668 Jimei Avenue, Xiamen Fujian 361021 PR China)
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123
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Chen C, Wu S, Wang J, Chen S, Peng T, Li R. Improved photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells based on three-dimensional rutile TiO 2 nanodendrite array film. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:20836-20843. [PMID: 30403213 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06899b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore high performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the design and optimization of electron transport layer (ETL) have been paid more and more attention. Vertically oriented, one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanostructured array films are considered superior ETLs because of their rapid electron transporting property and open pore architectures. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) rutile TiO2 nanodendrite array (RTNDA) film containing 1D trunks and branches was fabricated through second hydrothermal treatment of 1D rutile TiO2 nanorod array (RTNRA) film hydrothermally grown on a fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass. The resulting 3D-RTNDA film not only facilitates close contact with mixed-ion perovskite (Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3) film, but also promotes the formation of a perovskite layer with larger crystal grain sizes. Both can efficiently retard the interface charge recombination, and thus result in a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.0%, improved by 20% as compared to that (15.0%) of the device fabricated with the 1D-RTNRA film. Spectroscopic, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical measurements indicate that the improved photovolatic performance can be mainly ascribed to the largely suppressed hysteresis effect, the increased open-circuit voltage and fill factor stemming from the more effective hole blocking and electron transport. The results presented here demonstrate that 3D-RTNDA film with 3D rutile TiO2 hierarchical nanoarchitecture is a promising ETL selection in designing high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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124
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He Y, Wang W, Qi L. HPbI 3 as a Bifunctional Additive for Morphology Control and Grain Boundary Passivation toward Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38985-38993. [PMID: 30339348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the key aspects contributing to the rapid development of perovskite solar cells is to prepare high-quality perovskite films via morphology control and interface engineering. Here, we demonstrate that the additive HPbI3 works effectively on both morphology control and grain boundary passivation of CH3NH3PbI3- xCl x thin films. By inducing HPbI3 to the crystal transformation process, high-quality perovskite films consisting of micro-sized grains with boundaries passivated by PbI2 can be readily produced. The perovskite film obtained with HPbI3 as the additive achieves a much longer carrier lifetime compared to the pristine perovskite film without the additive. Under the optimal HPbI3 amount (5.0%), the average power conversion efficiency of the planar-heterojunction solar cells is increased by ∼24% to 17.42% from 14.09% for the device without the additive, and the champion efficiency reaches 18.59%. The devices without any encapsulation show impressive shelf stability, retaining more than 85% of the initial efficiency after being stored in ambient environment for over 40 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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125
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Guo Z, Gao L, Xu Z, Teo S, Zhang C, Kamata Y, Hayase S, Ma T. High Electrical Conductivity 2D MXene Serves as Additive of Perovskite for Efficient Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802738. [PMID: 30300503 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, a newly intriguing family of 2D materials, have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent properties such as high electrical conductivity and mobility, tunable structure, and termination groups. Here, the Ti3 C2 Tx MXene is incorporated into the perovskite absorber layer for the first time, which aims for efficiency enhancement. Results show that the termination groups of Ti3 C2 Tx can retard the crystallization rate, thereby increasing the crystal size of CH3 NH3 PbI3 . It is found that the high electrical conductivity and mobility of MXene can accelerate the charge transfer. After optimizing the key parameters, 12% enhancement in device performance is achieved by 0.03 wt% amount of MXene additive. This work unlocks opportunities for the use of MXene as potential materials in perovskite solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglin Guo
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Liguo Gao
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Siowhwa Teo
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Chu Zhang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamata
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Shuzi Hayase
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Tingli Ma
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
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126
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Gholipour S, Saliba M. From Exceptional Properties to Stability Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802385. [PMID: 30106507 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of organic-inorganic halide perovskites with exceptional properties has become an active research area in the field of photovoltaics. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to various attractive advantages, such as simple solution processing, low manufacturing cost, and high performances with power conversion efficiencies now reaching certified values close to 23% within a very short time frame of five years. Despite this rapid progress, the inferior device stability remains a great challenge. This review focuses on the factors limiting the stability of PSCs, such as humidity, heat, and irradiation, summarizing recent strategies to overcome stability and fabrication obstacles in order to open new perspectives to achieve highly durable perovskite devices toward future industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Gholipour
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Saliba
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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127
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Espinoza EM, Clark JA, Derr JB, Bao D, Georgieva B, Quina FH, Vullev VI. How Do Amides Affect the Electronic Properties of Pyrene? ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12857-12867. [PMID: 31458010 PMCID: PMC6644773 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of amide linkers, which are intricate components of biomolecules, offer a wealth of unexplored possibilities. Herein, we demonstrate how the different modes of attaching an amide to a pyrene chromophore affect the electrochemical and optical properties of the chromophore. Thus, although they cause minimal spectral shifts, amide substituents can improve either the electron-accepting or electron-donating capabilities of pyrene. Specifically, inversion of the amide orientation shifts the reduction potentials by 200 mV. These trends indicate that, although amides affect to a similar extent the energies of the ground and singlet excited states of pyrene, the effects on the doublet states of its radical ions are distinctly different. This behavior reflects the unusually strong orientation dependence of the resonance effects of amide substituents, which should extend to amide substituents on other types of chromophores in general. These results represent an example where the Hammett sigma constants fail to predict substituent effects on electrochemical properties. On the other hand, Swain-Lupton parameters are found to be in good agreement with the observed trends. Examination of the frontier orbitals of the pyrene derivatives and their components reveals the underlying reason for the observed amide effects on the electronic properties of this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and points to key molecular-design strategies for electronic and energy-conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli M. Espinoza
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade de São
Paulo, Avenida Lineu
Prestes 748, Cidade Universitária, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - John A. Clark
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - James B. Derr
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Duoduo Bao
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Boriana Georgieva
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Frank H. Quina
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade de São
Paulo, Avenida Lineu
Prestes 748, Cidade Universitária, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- E-mail: (F.H.Q.)
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry, and Materials Science
and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- E-mail: (V.I.V.)
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128
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Foley BJ, Cuthriell S, Yazdi S, Chen AZ, Guthrie SM, Deng X, Giri G, Lee SH, Xiao K, Doughty B, Ma YZ, Choi JJ. Impact of Crystallographic Orientation Disorders on Electronic Heterogeneities in Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6271-6278. [PMID: 30216078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite thin films have achieved remarkable performance in optoelectronic devices but suffer from spatial heterogeneity in their electronic properties. To achieve higher device performance and reliability needed for widespread commercial deployment, spatial heterogeneity of optoelectronic properties in the perovskite thin film needs to be understood and controlled. Clear identification of the causes underlying this heterogeneity, most importantly the spatial heterogeneity in charge trapping behavior, has remained elusive. Here, a multimodal imaging approach consisting of photoluminescence, optical transmission, and atomic force microscopy is utilized to separate electronic heterogeneity from morphology variations in perovskite thin films. By comparing the degree of heterogeneity in highly oriented and randomly oriented polycrystalline perovskite thin film samples, we reveal that disorders in the crystallographic orientation of the grains play a dominant role in determining charge trapping and electronic heterogeneity. This work also demonstrates a polycrystalline thin film with uniform charge trapping behavior by minimizing crystallographic orientation disorder. These results suggest that single crystals may not be required for perovskite thin film based optoelectronic devices to reach their full potential.
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129
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Stroyuk O. Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2209-2235. [PMID: 30202691 PMCID: PMC6122178 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the state-of-the-art in organo-inorganic lead-free hybrid perovskites (HPs) and applications of these exciting materials as light harvesters in photovoltaic systems. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of the spatial organization of HP materials both on the micro- and nanometer scale on the performance and stability of perovskite-based solar light converters. This review also discusses HP materials produced by isovalent lead(II) substitution with Sn2+ and other metal(II) ions, perovskite materials formed on the basis of M3+ cations (Sb3+, Bi3+) as well as on combinations of M+/M3+ ions aliovalent to 2Pb2+ (Ag+/Bi3+, Ag+/Sb3+, etc.). The survey is concluded with an outlook highlighting the most promising strategies for future progress of photovoltaic systems based on lead-free perovskite compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany and L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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130
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Zhang X, Zhang P, Weng YG, Tang ZZ, Zhu QY, Dai J. Intracation and Interanion-Cation Charge-Transfer Properties of Tetrathiafulvalene-Bismuth-Halide Hybrids. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11113-11122. [PMID: 30106568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives as promising hole transport materials in assembling hybrid halide perovskite solar cells have attracted great attention; however, electron transfer or charge-transfer (CT) between TTF and metal halides has been studied with less detail at the molecular level. Using molecular models, we herein report four new TTF-bismuth-halides assembled by methylated or protonated bis(4'-pyridyl)-tetrathiafulvalene cations, (MePy)2TTF or (HPy)2TTF, and bismuth-halide anions. Single crystal analysis showed that the cations are stacked to form a TTF column, and the bismuth-halide anions are inlaid between the TTF columns with anion-cation interactions. In these compounds, the main contribution to CT is the intracation CT, namely intramolecular CT (IMCT) from TTF moiety to pyridinium group. However, the anion to cation CT (ACCT) has a significant effect on the IMCT and physical properties. The different anion-cation interaction modes result in different synergistic effects of IMCT and ACCT, which modified the band gaps and photocurrent properties of the hybrids. The research gives a clear image of structure-property relationship and provides a perspective on the design of new perovskite materials at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-Gang Weng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Zhen Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Qin-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
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Preisträger des 7. EuCheMS‐Chemiekongresses European Chemistry Gold Medal: B. L. Feringa / European Sustainable Chemistry Award: P. J. Dyson / August‐Wilhelm‐von‐Hofmann‐Denkmünze: M. Grätzel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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132
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Prize Winners at the 7th EuCheMS Chemistry Congress European Chemistry Gold Medal: B. L. Feringa / European Sustainable Chemistry Award: P. J. Dyson / August Wilhelm von Hofmann Memorial Medal: M. Graetzel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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133
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Shi Z, Jayatissa AH. Perovskites-Based Solar Cells: A Review of Recent Progress, Materials and Processing Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E729. [PMID: 29734667 PMCID: PMC5978106 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid increase of efficiency up to 22.1% during the past few years, hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research “hot spot” for many solar cell researchers. The perovskite materials show various advantages such as long carrier diffusion lengths, widely-tunable band gap with great light absorption potential. The low-cost fabrication techniques together with the high efficiency makes PSCs comparable with Si-based solar cells. But the drawbacks such as device instability, J-V hysteresis and lead toxicity reduce the further improvement and the future commercialization of PSCs. This review begins with the discussion of crystal and electronic structures of perovskite based on recent research findings. An evolution of PSCs is also analyzed with a greater detail of each component, device structures, major device fabrication methods and the performance of PSCs acquired by each method. The following part of this review is the discussion of major barriers on the pathway for the commercialization of PSCs. The effects of crystal structure, fabrication temperature, moisture, oxygen and UV towards the stability of PSCs are discussed. The stability of other components in the PSCs are also discussed. The lead toxicity and updated research progress on lead replacement are reviewed to understand the sustainability issues of PSCs. The origin of J-V hysteresis is also briefly discussed. Finally, this review provides a roadmap on the current needs and future research directions to address the main issues of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Shi
- Nanotechnology and MEMS Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Ahalapitiya H Jayatissa
- Nanotechnology and MEMS Laboratory, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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134
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Abate A, Correa-Baena JP, Saliba M, Su'ait MS, Bella F. Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Laboratory to the Assembly Line. Chemistry 2017; 24:3083-3100. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- MIT Photovoltaic Research Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Ave 02139 Cambridge USA
| | - Michael Saliba
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 3 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mohd Sukor Su'ait
- Solar Energy Research Institute; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Malaysia
| | - Federico Bella
- GAME Lab, Department of Applied Science and Technology DISAT; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
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135
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Baranwal AK, Masutani H, Sugita H, Kanda H, Kanaya S, Shibayama N, Sanehira Y, Ikegami M, Numata Y, Yamada K, Miyasaka T, Umeyama T, Imahori H, Ito S. Lead-free perovskite solar cells using Sb and Bi-based A 3B 2X 9 and A 3BX 6 crystals with normal and inverse cell structures. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:26. [PMID: 28989856 PMCID: PMC5608797 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Research of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells had significant attention as the candidate of new future energy. Due to the toxicity, however, lead (Pb) free photon harvesting layer should be discovered to replace the present CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. In place of lead, we have tried antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi) with organic and metal monovalent cations (CH3NH3+, Ag+ and Cu+). Therefore, in this work, lead-free photo-absorber layers of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9, (CH3NH3)3SbBiI9, Ag3BiI6, Ag3BiI3(SCN)3 and Cu3BiI6 were processed by solution deposition way to be solar cells. About the structure of solar cells, we have compared the normal (n-i-p: TiO2-perovskite-spiro OMeTAD) and inverted (p-i-n: NiO-perovskite-PCBM) structures. The normal (n-i-p)-structured solar cells performed better conversion efficiencies, basically. But, these environmental friendly photon absorber layers showed the uneven surface morphology with a particular grow pattern depend on the substrate (TiO2 or NiO). We have considered that the unevenness of surface morphology can deteriorate the photovoltaic performance and can hinder future prospect of these lead-free photon harvesting layers. However, we found new interesting finding about the progress of devices by the interface of NiO/Sb3+ and TiO2/Cu3BiI6, which should be addressed in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Baranwal
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Hideaki Masutani
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Hidetaka Sugita
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Shusaku Kanaya
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shibayama
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sanehira
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-8503 Japan
| | - Masashi Ikegami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-8503 Japan
| | - Youhei Numata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-8503 Japan
| | - Kouji Yamada
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1, Izumi-Chou, Narashino-Shi, Chiba, 275-8575 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-8503 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Umeyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Institute for Integrated Cell Materials Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Institute for Integrated Cell Materials Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
| | - Seigo Ito
- Department of Materials and Synchrotron Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
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