Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Bifunctional One-Component Phosphorus-Based Organocatalysts

Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalysed by Chromium and Aluminium Salphen Complexes

Chromium and aluminium salphen complexes have been found to display remarkable catalytic activity in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from a range of epoxides and carbon dioxide. The Al(salphen) complex is more reactive towards terminal epoxides at ambient temperature and pressure, whereas the Cr(salphen) complex exhibits higher catalytic activity towards more challenging internal epoxides at elevated temperature and pressure.

Atom economical synthesis of di- and trithiocarbonates by the lithium tert-butoxide catalyzed addition of carbon disulfide to epoxides and thiiranes

The lithium tert-butoxide catalyzed addition of CS₂ to epoxides and thiiranes under mild conditions is reported. A mechanism has been proposed taking into account the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.

A novel zinc based binary catalytic system for CO2utilization under mild conditions

A novel zinc based binary catalytic system for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under mild and solvent-free conditions utilizing CO₂as a C1 building block is reported.

Highly Efficient Polymer-Supported Catalytic System for the Valorization of Carbon Dioxide

Polydibenzo-18-crown-6 was utilized as a co-catalyst and polymeric support in combination with potassium iodide for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides under mild and solvent-free conditions. The efficiency of this catalytic system can be easily increased by loading the polymer with KI prior to the reaction. The influence of various reaction parameters were studied thoroughly. The scope and limitation of the catalyst system was studied at 80 °C and 100 °C. A large number of terminal epoxides (14) were converted to the desired cyclic carbonates in yields up to 99%. We could successfully recover and reuse the catalyst >20 times with excellent yields up to 99%. Although, we observed that the activity gradually decreased after repetitive cycles. This decrease was attributed to KI leaching and partial degradation caused by mechanical stirring. This assumption is supported by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.