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Gundogan S. The mediator role of the fear of COVID-19 in the relationship between psychological resilience and life satisfaction. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 40:6291-6299. [PMID: 33716474 PMCID: PMC7937780 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, which has recently affected the world, has caused serious adversities in many areas as well as on the mental health of individuals. People have had a serious fearful mood due to situations such as catching COVID-19, having health problems after catching the disease, and worrying about infecting someone else. This negative mood is discussed in the literature through the concept of the fear of COVID-19. Accordingly, the mediator role of the fear of COVID-19 in the relationship between psychological resilience and life satisfaction was examined in this study. This study was conducted with 430 Turkish university students, 279 women and 151 men, who are between the ages of 18 and 30. The data of the study were collected with the psychological resilience, the fear of COVID-19 and life satisfaction scales. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that psychological resilience is a negative predictor of the fear of COVID-19 and a positive predictor of life satisfaction, and that the fear of COVID-19 is a negative predictor of life satisfaction. It was also concluded that the fear of COVID-19 mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and life satisfaction. The results are discussed in relation to the relevant literature, and suggestions are made for practitioners and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Gundogan
- Department of Educational Sciences, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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102
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Chen L, Zhao H, Razin D, Song T, Wu Y, Ma X, HuerxidaAji, Wang G, Wang M, Yan L. Anxiety levels during a second local COVID-19 pandemic breakout among quarantined people: A cross sectional survey in China. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:37-46. [PMID: 33445059 PMCID: PMC7783475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Only a few studies investigated the impact of quarantine on anxiety of general population during a second wave of COVID-19 breakout. We aimed to compare anxiety levels of quarantined and non-quarantined people and investigate factors affecting anxiety during the second COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1837 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Anxiety was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Participants were divided into the quarantined group (QG) and non-quarantined group (Non-QG). The mean STAI-S score in the QG was significantly higher than Non-QG (41.8 ± 11.2 vs 40.01 ± 9.9), so was the proportion of severe state anxiety (11.6% vs 5.5%). Males in the QG were significantly more anxious than females evaluated by both STAI-S and STAI-T. High income was independent protective factors while moderate or bad health status and high trait anxiety level were independent risk factors for severe state anxiety. In conclusion, the COVID-19 confinement could significantly increase anxiety of quarantined people. Males were more vulnerable to the quarantine of COVID-19 with significantly increased anxiety level than females. The results suggest that attention should be paid to anxiety during a second round of quarantine due to COVID-19 and are of help in planning psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Delnur Razin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Tingting Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Xiaopei Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - HuerxidaAji
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Manli Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Lei Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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103
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Bhowmick S, Parolia S, Jana S, Kundu D, Choudhury D, Das N, Ray K, KarPurkaysatha S. A study on the anxiety level and stress during Covid19 lockdown among the general population of West Bengal, India- A must know for primary care physicians. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:978-984. [PMID: 34041108 PMCID: PMC8138382 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1385_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Covid19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes in human lives across the globe in the form of lockdown and an uncertain future. Information regarding the COVID-19-related anxiety and well-being among the public in India is very limited, especially from the state of West Bengal. We conducted this e-survey among the general population of West Bengal to assess the anxiety levels and the well-being status during lockdown. This information would be helpful to guide family physicians to screen patients for anxiety from the primary care level. Aims: The main aim of this questionnaire based study was to assess the levels of anxiety and well-being status among the public including the frontline workers in West Bengal, India. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted with a validated e-questionnaire after Institutional Ethics committee approval, from 18th April, 2020 to 3rd May, 2020. The questionnaire had 12 questions which included the Generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD)-7 scale and the WHO-5 scale (5 question-items) to assess the well-being of the participants. The survey link was distributed through the social networking sites of WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter and e-mails within West Bengal. Microsoft Excel (version 2016) was used to analyse the data. Results: A total of 355 responses were received 15.49% responders were observed to have anxiety and 37.74% participants had low well-being scores. Majority of healthcare workers (89.47%) were seen to have anxiety and a significant (52.03%) had a low well-being status. Conclusions: We report the presence of anxiety and low well-being among the general population of West Bengal. It is important to understand the current psychological status of the public for the family physicians as many would visit them with vague symptoms. There is a dire need to screen all patients including front line workers visiting primary care physicians for mental health to ensure better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojyoti Bhowmick
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saksham Parolia
- Student, PharmD, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubham Jana
- Ex-executive, Clinical Research Department, Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Center Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Kundu
- Executive, Clinical Research Department, Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Center Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Digbijoy Choudhury
- Associate Consultant, Family Medicine, Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, & Spice Route India, State Lead (WB), India
| | - Nina Das
- Head, Department of Pharmacology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnanghsu Ray
- Medical Director, Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Centre Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit KarPurkaysatha
- Senior Consultant, Department of Gastroenterology, Peerless Hospitex Hospital and Research Centre Ltd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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104
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Fiest KM, Parsons Leigh J, Krewulak KD, Plotnikoff KM, Kemp LG, Ng-Kamstra J, Stelfox HT. Experiences and management of physician psychological symptoms during infectious disease outbreaks: a rapid review. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:91. [PMID: 33568141 PMCID: PMC7875435 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians experienced unprecedented levels of burnout. The uncertainty of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic along with increased workload and difficult medical triage decisions may lead to a further decline in physician psychological health. METHODS We searched Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for primary research from database inception (Medline [1946], EMBASE [1974], PsycINFO [1806]) to November 17, 2020. Titles and abstracts were screened by one of three reviewers and full-text article screening and data abstraction were conducted independently, and in duplicate, by three reviewers. RESULTS From 6223 unique citations, 480 articles were reviewed in full-text, with 193 studies (of 90,499 physicians) included in the final review. Studies reported on physician psychological symptoms and management during seven infectious disease outbreaks (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS], three strains of Influenza A virus [H1N1, H5N1, H7N9], Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS], and COVID-19) in 57 countries. Psychological symptoms of anxiety (14.3-92.3%), stress (11.9-93.7%), depression (17-80.5%), post-traumatic stress disorder (13.2-75.2%) and burnout (14.7-76%) were commonly reported among physicians, regardless of infectious disease outbreak or country. Younger, female (vs. male), single (vs. married), early career physicians, and those providing direct care to infected patients were associated with worse psychological symptoms. INTERPRETATION Physicians should be aware that psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, fear and distress are common, manifest differently and self-management strategies to improve psychological well-being exist. Health systems should implement short and long-term psychological supports for physicians caring for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Fiest
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada.
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N4Z6, Canada.
| | - Jeanna Parsons Leigh
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N4Z6, Canada
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Karla D Krewulak
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Kara M Plotnikoff
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Laryssa G Kemp
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Joshua Ng-Kamstra
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
| | - Henry T Stelfox
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary & Alberta Health Services, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N4Z6, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N4Z6, Canada
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105
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Sirois FM, Owens J. Factors Associated With Psychological Distress in Health-Care Workers During an Infectious Disease Outbreak: A Rapid Systematic Review of the Evidence. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:589545. [PMID: 33584364 PMCID: PMC7876062 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Health-care workers (HCW) are at risk for psychological distress during an infectious disease outbreak, such as the coronavirus pandemic, due to the demands of dealing with a public health emergency. This rapid systematic review examined the factors associated with psychological distress among HCW during an outbreak. Method: We systematically reviewed literature on the factors associated with psychological distress (demographic characteristics, occupational, social, psychological, and infection-related factors) in HCW during an outbreak (COVID-19, SARS, MERS, H1N1, H7N9, and Ebola). Four electronic databases were searched (2000 to 15 November 2020) for relevant peer-reviewed research according to a pre-registered protocol. A narrative synthesis was conducted to identify fixed, modifiable, and infection-related factors linked to distress and psychiatric morbidity. Results: From the 4,621 records identified, 138 with data from 143,246 HCW in 139 studies were included. All but two studies were cross-sectional. The majority of the studies were conducted during COVID-19 (k = 107, N = 34,334) and SARS (k = 21, N = 18,096). Consistent evidence indicated that being female, a nurse, experiencing stigma, maladaptive coping, having contact or risk of contact with infected patients, and experiencing quarantine, were risk factors for psychological distress among HCW. Personal and organizational social support, perceiving control, positive work attitudes, sufficient information about the outbreak and proper protection, training, and resources, were associated with less psychological distress. Conclusions: This review highlights the key factors to the identify HCW who are most at risk for psychological distress during an outbreak and modifying factors to reduce distress and improve resilience. Recommendations are that HCW at risk for increased distress receive early interventions and ongoing monitoring because there is evidence that HCW distress can persist for up to 3 years after an outbreak. Further research needs to track the associations of risk and resilience factors with distress over time and the extent to which certain factors are inter-related and contribute to sustained or transient distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuschia M. Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Owens
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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106
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Savolainen I, Oksa R, Savela N, Celuch M, Oksanen A. COVID-19 Anxiety-A Longitudinal Survey Study of Psychological and Situational Risks among Finnish Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:794. [PMID: 33477756 PMCID: PMC7832302 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 crisis has changed the conditions of many all over the globe. One negative consequence of the ongoing pandemic is anxiety brought about by uncertainty and the COVID-19 disease. Increased anxiety is a potential risk factor for wellbeing at work. This study investigated psychological, situational, and socio-demographic predictors of COVID-19 anxiety using longitudinal data. Methods: A nationally representative sample of Finnish workers (N = 1308) was collected before and during the COVID-19 crisis. Eighty percent of the participants responded to the follow-up study (N = 1044). COVID-19 anxiety was measured with a modified Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Psychological and situational predictors included perceived loneliness, psychological distress, technostress, personality, social support received from the work community, and remote working. A number of socio-demographic factors were also investigated. Results: Perceived loneliness, psychological distress, technostress, and neuroticism were identified as robust psychological predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. Increase in psychological distress and technostress during the COVID-19 crisis predicted higher COVID-19 anxiety. A recent change in their field of work and decreased social support from work communities predicted COVID-19 anxiety. Women and young people experienced higher anxiety. Conclusions: Different factors explain workers' COVID-19 anxiety. Increased anxiety can disrupt wellbeing at work, emphasizing the organizations' role in maintaining an inclusive and caring work culture and providing technical and psychological support to workers during crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 5, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (I.S.); (R.O.); (N.S.); (M.C.)
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107
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Setiawati Y, Wahyuhadi J, Joestandari F, Maramis MM, Atika A. Anxiety and Resilience of Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1-8. [PMID: 33442258 PMCID: PMC7797347 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s276655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the physical health and mental health of the community, including healthcare workers. Several studies have shown symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders in healthcare workers during this pandemic. However, not many studies have examined the resilience of healthcare workers during this pandemic. Resilience is a person's ability to rise and adapt when times are difficult and is considered to have a protective effect on mental problems. Purpose This study aims to determine the correlation between resilience and anxiety in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods This research was a cross-sectional study with observational analytic methods. The respondents were healthcare workers at Dr. Soetomo Hospital as the COVID-19 referral hospital in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected from 10 to 16 June 2020 by distributing online questionnaires through the Google form application. There were three questionnaires used: demographic data, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CR-RISC) questionnaire. Results The 227 respondents had filled out the questionnaire online with 33% had high state anxiety and 26.9% had high trait anxiety. The mean score of the respondents' resilience was 69 ± 15.823. The Spearman correlation test showed a significant relationship between anxiety and resilience (p <0.05), both S-Anxiety and T-Anxiety. Conclusion A significant correlation was found between the level of resilience and anxiety experienced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lower the resilience, the higher the anxiety experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunias Setiawati
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.,Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Joni Wahyuhadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.,Department of Neuro Surgery, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | | | - Margarita M Maramis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.,Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Atika Atika
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
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108
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Lin YN, Liu ZR, Li SQ, Li CX, Zhang L, Li N, Sun XW, Li HP, Zhou JP, Li QY. Burden of Sleep Disturbance During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:933-966. [PMID: 34234598 PMCID: PMC8253893 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s312037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may exert adverse impacts on sleep among populations, which may raise awareness of the burden of sleep disturbance, and the demand of intervention strategies for different populations. We aimed to summarize the current evidence for the impacts of COVID-19 on sleep in patients with COVID-19, healthcare workers (HWs), and the general population. We searched PubMed and Embase for studies on the prevalence of sleep disturbance. Totally, 86 studies were included in the review, including 16 studies for COVID-19 patients, 34 studies for HWs, and 36 studies for the general population. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 33.3%-84.7%, and 29.5-40% in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and discharged COVID-19 survivors, respectively. Physiologic and psychological traumatic effects of the infection may interact with environmental factors to increase the risk of sleep disturbance in COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 18.4-84.7% in HWs, and the contributors mainly included high workloads and shift work, occupation-related factors, and psychological factors. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 17.65-81% in the general population. Physiologic and social-psychological factors contributed to sleep disturbance of the general population during COVID-19 pandemic. In summary, the sleep disturbance was highly prevalent during COVID-19 pandemic. Specific health strategies should be implemented to tackle sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ni Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Ran Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Xiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan No.3 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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109
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Cao LB, Hao Q, Liu Y, Sun Q, Wu B, Chen L, Yan L. Anxiety Level During the Second Localized COVID-19 Pandemic Among Quarantined Infertile Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:647483. [PMID: 34366908 PMCID: PMC8339465 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility usually causes mental health problems for patients and unfavorable emotions such as anxiety and depression can have an adverse effect on women's normal pregnancy. We aimed to compare the anxiety level between infertile female patients in quarantined and non-quarantined areas during the second wave of COVID-19 epidemic. A total of 759 infertile women were included in this cross-sectional study conducted through an online survey. Anxiety was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) tool. Participants were divided into the quarantined group (QG) and non-quarantined group (Non-QG). Independent sample T-test and chi-square test were performed to examine the difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the average STAI score of the two groups of infertile women, but responses to the emotional state showed that women in the QG had a higher tendency to be anxious. Participants in QG spent more time paying attention to the dynamics of the epidemic every day, and their sleep (p < 0.01) and mood conditions were worse (p < 0.01) than in the Non-QG. The family relationship of QG is more tense than non-QG. Through the research on the infertility treatment information of the overall research population, it is found the average STAI-State (STAI-S) (p = 0.031) score and STAI-Trait (STAI-T) (p = 0.005) score of women who were infertile for more than 3 years were significantly higher than those of women with <2 years. The STAI-T score of infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) was higher than that of non-IVF women (p = 0.007), but no significant difference was observed with the STAI-S score. To conclude, although the second wave of quarantine during COVID-19 epidemic did not significantly increase anxiety in infertile women, it did lead to an increase in other negative emotions and worse family relationships. Patients with long-term infertility treatment and those who have had IVF are more anxious subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Bao Cao
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianjie Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zhaozhuang, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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110
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Croghan IT, Chesak SS, Adusumalli J, Fischer KM, Beck EW, Patel SR, Ghosh K, Schroeder DR, Bhagra A. Stress, Resilience, and Coping of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211008448. [PMID: 33834900 PMCID: PMC8040550 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211008448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the health care workers (HCWs) self-reported stress, resilience, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine inter-professional differences. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS An email survey was sent to 474 HCW at a Midwestern HealthCare facility between April 9, 2020 and April 30, 2020. A total of 311 (65.6%) responses were received by May 31, 2020. The survey utilized 3 validated instruments: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Brief Resilience Coping Scale (BRCS). RESULTS Of the 311 responses, 302 were evaluated: 97 from nonmedical staff with patient contact (NMPC); 86 from nonmedical staff with no patient contact (NMNPC); 62 from medical doctors (MD), physician assistants (PA) and nurse practitioners (NP); and 57 from nurses. Significant differences were noted across job categories for stress and resilience, with nurses reporting highest PSS scores (effect estimates: -2.72, P = .009 for NMNPC; -2.50, P = .015 for NMPC; -3.21, P = .006 for MD/NP/PA respectively), and MD/NP/PA group with highest BRS scores: nurses (-0.31, P = .02); NMPC (-0.3333, P = .01); and NMNPC (-0.2828, P = .02). Younger personnel had higher stress (-1.59 per decade of age, P < .01) and more resilience (0.11 per decade of age, P = .002). CONCLUSION These self-reported data indicate that MD/NP/PA had the highest resilience scores and the nurses had highest stress levels. Efforts are warranted to include all HCWs in systematic stress mitigating interventions with particular attention to understand specific factors contributing to stress for the nursing team.
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111
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Antonijevic J, Binic I, Zikic O, Manojlovic S, Tosic-Golubovic S, Popovic N. Mental health of medical personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01881. [PMID: 33070475 PMCID: PMC7645856 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused significant changes in the everyday functioning of the general population, as well as medical workers. Medical personnel, especially those in direct contact with COVID-19 patients, could have increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The objective of this study was to explore the mental health status of medical personnel in Serbia during the pandemic by assessing stress levels, symptoms of anxiety, and depression. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted as an online-based survey, in the period from 8 April to 14 April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 1678 participants, and the snowball sampling technique was used to reach healthcare professionals. The level of stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed among medical personnel in Serbia by the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Beck Depression Inventory IA (BDI-IA), and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), respectively. RESULTS A total of 1678 participants completed the survey, with a mean age of 40.38 ± 10.32 years, of which 1,315 (78.4%) were women, and 363 (21.6%) were men. Out of these, 684 (40.8%) participants were medical personnel, and 994 (59.2%) were people of other professions. Frontline medical personnel reported higher scores on all measurement tools than second-line medical personnel (e.g., mean PSS scores: 19.12 ± 5.66 versus 17.53 ± 5.71; p = .006; mean GAD-7 scores: 8.57 ± 6.26 versus 6.73 ± 5.76; p = .001; mean BDI-IA scores: 9.25 ± 8.26 versus 7.36 ± 7.28; p = .006). Binary logistic regression showed that the probability of developing more severe anxiety symptoms doubles in frontline medical personnel. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that frontline medical personnel is under an increased psychological burden during the COVID-19 pandemic, having higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression than second-line medical personnel. Adequate measures should be taken to relieve this burden and preserve the mental health of frontline medical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Binic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Psychiatry Clinic, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Olivera Zikic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Centre for Mental Health Protection, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Suzana Tosic-Golubovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Psychiatry Clinic, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Nikola Popovic
- School of Electrical Engeneering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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112
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Dorman-Ilan S, Hertz-Palmor N, Brand-Gothelf A, Hasson-Ohayon I, Matalon N, Gross R, Chen W, Abramovich A, Afek A, Ziv A, Kreiss Y, Pessach IM, Gothelf D. Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in COVID-19 Isolated Patients and in Their Relatives. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:581598. [PMID: 33192727 PMCID: PMC7591814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While focusing on the management and care of COVID-19 patients, the mental health of these patients and their relatives is being overlooked. The aim of the current study was to measure anxiety and depression, and to assess their association with socio-demographic and pandemic-related stress factors in COVID-19 patients and their relatives during the initial stage of hospitalization. Methods: We assessed isolated hospitalized patients (N = 90) and their relatives (adults and children, N = 125) by phone, 25-72 h following patients' admission. The quantitative measures included the Anxiety and Depression modules of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and pandemic-related stress factors. Qualitative measures included questions exploring worries, sadness, and coping modes. Results: Both patients and relatives suffer from high levels of anxiety and related pandemic worries, with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Compared to adult relatives, child relatives reported significantly lower anxiety. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed an increased risk for anxiety among females and a decreased risk among ultra-orthodox participants. While increased anxiety among patients was associated with feelings of isolation, increased anxiety among relatives was associated with a feeling of not being protected by the hospital. Conclusions: Patients and relatives experience similar high anxiety levels which are more robust in women and lower in ultra-orthodox participants. Our findings indicate that anxiety symptoms of both patients and adult relatives should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noam Matalon
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raz Gross
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Wendy Chen
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Arnon Afek
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amitai Ziv
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai M. Pessach
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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113
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Mosheva M, Hertz‐Palmor N, Dorman Ilan S, Matalon N, Pessach IM, Afek A, Ziv A, Kreiss Y, Gross R, Gothelf D. Anxiety, pandemic-related stress and resilience among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:965-971. [PMID: 32789945 PMCID: PMC7436709 DOI: 10.1002/da.23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians play a crucial frontline role in the COVID-19 pandemic, which may involve high levels of anxiety. We aimed to investigate the association between pandemic-related stress factors (PRSF) and anxiety and to evaluate the potential effect of resilience on anxiety among physicians. METHODS A self-report digital survey was completed by 1106 Israeli physicians (564 males and 542 females) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Anxiety was measured by the 8-item version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Resilience was evaluated by the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Stress was assessed using a PRSF inventory. RESULTS Physicians reported high levels of anxiety with a mean score of 59.20 ± 7.95. We found an inverse association between resilience and anxiety. Four salient PRSF (mental exhaustion, anxiety about being infected, anxiety infecting family members, and sleep difficulties) positively associated with anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified specific PRSF including workload burden and fear of infection that are associated with increased anxiety and resilience that is associated with reduced anxiety among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Mosheva
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | | | | | - Itai M. Pessach
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Amitai Ziv
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Raz Gross
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Association among income loss, financial strain and depressive symptoms during COVID-19: evidence from two longitudinal studies. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32995812 PMCID: PMC7523151 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.15.20195339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has major ramifications for global health and the economy, with growing concerns about economic recession and implications for mental health. Here we investigated the associations between COVID-19 pandemic-related income loss with financial strain and mental health trajectories over a 1-month course. Methods. Two independent studies were conducted in the U.S and in Israel at the beginning of the outbreak (March-April 2020, T1; N = 4 171) and at a 1-month follow-up (T2; N = 1 559). Mixed-effects models were applied to assess associations among COVID-19-related income loss, financial strain, and pandemic-related worries about health, with anxiety and depression, controlling for multiple covariates including pre-COVID-19 income. Findings. In both studies, income loss and financial strain were associated with greater depressive symptoms at T1, above and beyond T1 anxiety, worries about health, and pre-COVID-19 income. Worsening of income loss was associated with exacerbation of depression at T2 in both studies. Worsening of subjective financial strain was associated with exacerbation of depression at T2 in one study (US). Interpretation. Income loss and financial strain were uniquely associated with depressive symptoms and the exacerbation of symptoms over time, above and beyond pandemic-related anxiety. Considering the painful dilemma of lockdown versus reopening, with the tradeoff between public health and economic wellbeing, our findings provide evidence that the economic impact of COVID-19 has negative implications for mental health. Funding. This study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Foundation Dora and Kirsh Foundation.
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