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Shen J, Ma H, Wang C. Triptolide improves myocardial fibrosis in rats through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:533-543. [PMID: 34697264 PMCID: PMC8552823 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.6.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is the result of persistent and repeated aggravation of myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, leading to the gradual development of heart failure of chronic ischemic heart disease. Triptolide (TPL) is identified to be involved in the treatment for MF. This study aims to explore the mechanism of TPL in the treatment of MF. The MF rat model was established, subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol and treated by subcutaneous injection of TPL. The cardiac function of each group was evaluated, including LVEF, LVFS, LVES, and LVED. The expressions of ANP, BNP, inflammatory related factors (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, MCP-1, VCAM-1), NLRP3 inflammasome factors (NLRP3, ASC) and fibrosis related factors (TGF-β1, COL1, and COL3) in rats were dete cted. H&E staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial cell inflammation and fibrosis of rats. Western blot was used to detect the p-P65 and t-P65 levels in nucleoprotein of rat myocardial tissues. LVED and LVES of MF group were significantly upregulated, LVEF and LVFS were significantly downregulated, while TPL treatment reversed these trends; TPL treatment downregulated the tissue injury and improved the pathological damage of MF rats. TPL treatment downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors and fibrosis factors, and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome or NF-κB pathway reversed the effect of TPL on MF. Collectively, TPL inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting NF-κB pathway, and improved MF in MF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyao Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Hailiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Chaoquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, China
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Li X, Tang X, Liu B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Lv H, Liu D, Mehta JL, Wang X. LOX-1 Deletion Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis in the Aged Mice, Particularly Those With Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:736215. [PMID: 34712709 PMCID: PMC8545876 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.736215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) into cells. Previous studies had shown that LOX-1 deletion had a potential to inhibit cardiac fibrosis in mouse models of hypertension and myocardial infarction. Whether LOX-1 deletion also affects cardiac fibrosis associated with aging still remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LOX-1 deletion on myocardial fibrosis in the aged mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice and LOX-1 knockout (KO) mice with C57BL/6 background were studied to the age of 60 weeks. Both genotypes of aged mice were exposed to angiotensin II (Ang II) or saline for additional 4 weeks. The mice were then sacrificed, and myocardial fibrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of LOX-1, fibronectin, collagens, p22phox, and gp91phox were measured. Results: LOX-1 deletion markedly reduced Ang II-mediated rise of blood pressure in the aged mice (vs. saline-treated mice). LOX-1 deletion also limited fibrosis and decreased fibronectin and collagen-3 expression in the hearts of aged mice, but not the expression of collagen-1 and collagen-4. LOX-1 deletion also inhibited ROS production and p22phox expression. As the aged mice were exposed to Ang II for 4 weeks (resulting in hypertension), LOX-1 deletion more pronounced inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and ROS production, and decreasing expression of fibronectin, collagen-1, collagen-2, collagen-3, p22phox, and gp91phox. Conclusion: LOX-1 deletion limited fibrosis and ROS production in the hearts of aged mice. This effect was more pronounced in the aged mice with hypertension induced by Ang II infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xihe Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongxi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hefan Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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103
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Yu F, Li X, Gao H, Li P. CircHIPK3 Plays Vital Roles in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:733248. [PMID: 34660735 PMCID: PMC8511503 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.733248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNAs that function in various physiological and pathological processes. CircRNAs are widely involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CircHIPK3 is generated from the second exon of the HIPK3 gene, a corepressor of homeodomain transcription factors. As an exonic circRNA (ecRNA), circHIPK3 is produced through intron-pairing driven circularization facilitated by Alu elements. In the past 5 years, a growing number of studies have revealed the multifunctional roles of circHIPK3 in different diseases, such as cancer and CVD. CircHIPK3 mainly participates in CVD pathogenesis through interacting with miRNAs. This paper summarizes the current literature on the biogenesis and functions of circHIPK3, elucidates the role of circHIPK3 in different CVD patterns, and explores future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huijuan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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104
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Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation and Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis through Oxidative Stress Inhibition via Sirtuin 3. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9925771. [PMID: 34603602 PMCID: PMC8486544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is critical in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Our present study investigates whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) attenuated myocardial fibrosis and explores the possible role of SIRT3 on the protective effects. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were pretreated with NaHS followed by angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation. SIRT3 was knocked down with siRNA technology. SIRT3 promoter activity and expression, as well as mitochondrial function, were measured. Male wild-type (WT) and SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice were intraperitoneally injected with NaHS followed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Myocardium sections were stained with Sirius red. Hydroxyproline content, collagen I and collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression were measured both in vitro and in vivo. We found that NaHS enhanced SIRT3 promoter activity and increased SIRT3 mRNA expression. NaHS inhibited cell proliferation and hydroxyproline secretion, decreased collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and DRP1 expression, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial respiration function and membrane potential in Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts, which were unavailable after SIRT3 was silenced. In vivo, NaHS reduced hydroxyproline content, ameliorated perivascular and interstitial collagen deposition, and inhibited collagen I, collagen III, and DRP1 expression in the myocardium of WT mice but not SIRT3 KO mice with TAC. Altogether, NaHS attenuated myocardial fibrosis through oxidative stress inhibition via a SIRT3-dependent manner.
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105
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SIRT5-Related Desuccinylation Modification Contributes to Quercetin-Induced Protection against Heart Failure and High-Glucose-Prompted Cardiomyocytes Injured through Regulation of Mitochondrial Quality Surveillance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5876841. [PMID: 34603599 PMCID: PMC8486530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5876841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis represents the primary pathological change associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure, and it leads to decreased myocardial compliance with impaired cardiac diastolic and systolic function. Quercetin, an active ingredient in various medicinal plants, exerts therapeutic effects against cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigate whether SIRT5- and IDH2-related desuccinylation is involved in the underlying mechanism of myocardial fibrosis in heart failure while exploring related therapeutic drugs for mitochondrial quality surveillance. Mouse models of myocardial fibrosis and heart failure, established by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), were administered with quercetin (50 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. HL-1 cells were pretreated with quercetin and treated with high glucose (30 mM) in vitro. Cardiac function, western blotting, quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence analysis were employed to analyze mitochondrial quality surveillance, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in myocardial cells, whereas IDH2 succinylation levels were detected using immunoprecipitation. Myocardial fibrosis and heart failure incidence increased after TAC, with abnormal cardiac ejection function. Following high-glucose treatment, HL-1 cell activity was inhibited, causing excess production of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex I/III activity and mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response, imbalanced mitochondrial quality surveillance and homeostasis, and increased apoptosis. Quercetin inhibited myocardial fibrosis and improved cardiac function by increasing mitochondrial energy metabolism and regulating mitochondrial fusion/fission and mitochondrial biosynthesis while inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress injury. Additionally, TAC inhibited SIRT5 expression at the mitochondrial level and increased IDH2 succinylation. However, quercetin promoted the desuccinylation of IDH2 by increasing SIRT5 expression. Moreover, treatment with si-SIRT5 abolished the protective effect of quercetin on cell viability. Hence, quercetin may promote the desuccinylation of IDH2 through SIRT5, maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, protect mouse cardiomyocytes under inflammatory conditions, and improve myocardial fibrosis, thereby reducing the incidence of heart failure.
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106
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Zhang L, Wang S, Li Y, Wang Y, Dong C, Xu H. Cardioprotective effect of icariin against myocardial fibrosis and its molecular mechanism in diabetic cardiomyopathy based on network pharmacology: Role of ICA in DCM. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153607. [PMID: 34411833 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most severe symptoms of diabetes. It continues to be a major clinical problem, but our knowledge of its molecular mechanisms and effective treatments are limited. Traditional Chinese medicine has been shown to be a pool of novel drugs for diabetes. PURPOSE Herein, we aim to define the molecular mechanism of icariin (ICA), an extract from a traditional Chinese medicine herb, in protecting cardiac structures and restoring cardiac functions of in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Candidate genes related to T2DM were identified through bioinformatics screening and their interactions were constructed by molecule docking technique, followed by pathway enrichment analyses of their cellular functions. A T2DM rat model was then established to evaluate the effects of ICA on cardiac structures, myocardial fibrosis, and cellular Ca2+ inflow, as reflected by HE and Masson staining, qRT-PCR and Western blot determination of related genes, and measurement of the L-type Ca2+ current. RESULTS Four potential target genes (Jun, p65, NOS3, and PDE5A) were identified. ICA ameliorated the structural damage and myocardial fibrosis in T2DM rats. Intracellular Ca2+ hyperactivities and dysfunction in myocardium of T2DM rats were also repressed by ICA treatment. Furthermore, ICA-induced inhibition of Jun and p65 ameliorated the irregular collagen metabolism and myocardial fibrosis. NOS3, PDE5A and the related sGC-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway mediated the ICA-induced improvement of intracellular Ca2+ inflow. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results demonstrate the regulatory roles of potential target genes in DCM and suggest ICA as an effective treatment of DCM by targeting these genes specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Chunzhe Dong
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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107
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Li L, Fang H, Yu YH, Liu SX, Yang ZQ. Liquiritigenin attenuates isoprenaline‑induced myocardial fibrosis in mice through the TGF‑β1/Smad2 and AKT/ERK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:686. [PMID: 34328199 PMCID: PMC8365605 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in myocardial interstitial spaces. Myocardial fibrosis is a fundamental process in ventricular remodeling and a primary contributor to the progression of heart failure. Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavanone compound with anti‑oxidative, anti‑carcinogenic, anti‑inflammatory and estrogenic properties. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory potential of LQ treatment in a mouse model of isoprenaline (ISO)‑induced cardiac fibrosis and in cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II). The treatment of ISO‑induced mice with LQ significantly decreased the levels of cardiac injury‑related proteins in the serum and ECM accumulation in mouse heart tissues. LQ treatment also effectively alleviated cardiac dysfunction in ISO‑treated mice. Further analyses revealed that LQ inhibited ISO‑induced collagen formation and activation of the transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1)/Smad2 and protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. As a major pathological event in myocardial fibrosis, the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has been considered a key mechanism contributing to impaired left ventricle performance. The pretreatment of rat cardiomyocytes with LQ significantly reduced the apoptosis of H9C2 cells, and inhibited Ang II‑induced activation of the TGF‑β1/Smad2 and AKT/ERK pathways. In conclusion, the present study revealed that LQ ameliorated ISO‑induced myocardial fibrosis in mice and inhibited the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in vitro by inhibiting the TGF‑β1/Smad2 and AKT/ERK signaling pathways. These results suggested the anti‑fibrotic and cardioprotective potential of LQ in fibrosis, thus supporting the use of LQ for the management of cardiomyocyte injury and myocardial fibrosis in patients with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Yang
- Type‑B Ultrasonic Room, Heart Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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108
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Szałabska-Rąpała K, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Effectiveness of Magnolol, a Lignan from Magnolia Bark, in Diabetes, Its Complications and Comorbidities-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10050. [PMID: 34576213 PMCID: PMC8467064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, often accompanied by oxidative stress. Diabetes treatment is a complicated process in which, in addition to the standard pharmacological action, it is necessary to append a comprehensive approach. Introducing the aspect of non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes allows one to alleviate its many adverse complications. Therefore, it seems important to look for substances that, when included in the daily diet, can improve diabetic parameters. Magnolol, a polyphenolic compound found in magnolia bark, is known for its health-promoting activities and multidirectional beneficial effects on the body. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to systematize the available scientific literature on its beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes and its complications. Taking the above into consideration, the article collects data on the favorable effects of magnolol on parameters related to glycemia, lipid metabolism, or oxidative stress in the course of diabetes. After careful analysis of many scientific articles, it can be concluded that this lignan is a promising agent supporting the conventional therapies with antidiabetic drugs in order to manage diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szałabska-Rąpała
- Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Weronika Borymska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
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109
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Altered cardiac structure and function is related to seizure frequency in a rat model of chronic acquired temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105505. [PMID: 34520843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to prospectively examine cardiac structure and function in the kainic acid-induced post-status epilepticus (post-KA SE) model of chronic acquired temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), specifically to examine for changes between the pre-epileptic, early epileptogenesis and the chronic epilepsy stages. We also aimed to examine whether any changes related to the seizure frequency in individual animals. METHODS Four hours of SE was induced in 9 male Wistar rats at 10 weeks of age, with 8 saline treated matched control rats. Echocardiography was performed prior to the induction of SE, two- and 10-weeks post-SE. Two weeks of continuous video-EEG and simultaneous ECG recordings were acquired for two weeks from 11 weeks post-KA SE. The video-EEG recordings were analyzed blindly to quantify the number and severity of spontaneous seizures, and the ECG recordings analyzed for measures of heart rate variability (HRV). PicroSirius red histology was performed to assess cardiac fibrosis, and intracellular Ca2+ levels and cell contractility were measured by microfluorimetry. RESULTS All 9 post-KA SE rats were demonstrated to have spontaneous recurrent seizures on the two-week video-EEG recording acquired from 11 weeks SE (seizure frequency ranging from 0.3 to 10.6 seizures/day with the seizure durations from 11 to 62 s), and none of the 8 control rats. Left ventricular wall thickness was thinner, left ventricular internal dimension was shorter, and ejection fraction was significantly decreased in chronically epileptic rats, and was negatively correlated to seizure frequency in individual rats. Diastolic dysfunction was evident in chronically epileptic rats by a decrease in mitral valve deceleration time and an increase in E/E` ratio. Measures of HRV were reduced in the chronically epileptic rats, indicating abnormalities of cardiac autonomic function. Cardiac fibrosis was significantly increased in epileptic rats, positively correlated to seizure frequency, and negatively correlated to ejection fraction. The cardiac fibrosis was not a consequence of direct effect of KA toxicity, as it was not seen in the 6/10 rats from separate cohort that received similar doses of KA but did not go into SE. Cardiomyocyte length, width, volume, and rate of cell lengthening and shortening were significantly reduced in epileptic rats. SIGNIFICANCE The results from this study demonstrate that chronic epilepsy in the post-KA SE rat model of TLE is associated with a progressive deterioration in cardiac structure and function, with a restrictive cardiomyopathy associated with myocardial fibrosis. Positive correlations between seizure frequency and the severity of the cardiac changes were identified. These results provide new insights into the pathophysiology of cardiac disease in chronic epilepsy, and may have relevance for the heterogeneous mechanisms that place these people at risk of sudden unexplained death.
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110
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Xie Q, Yao Q, Hu T, Cai Z, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wu QQ, Tang QZ. High-Mobility Group A1 Promotes Cardiac Fibrosis by Upregulating FOXO1 in Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:666422. [PMID: 34513822 PMCID: PMC8427498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.666422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) acts as a transcription factor in several cardiovascular diseases. However, the implications of HMGA1 in cardiac fibrosis remain unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of HMGA1 on cardiac fibrosis. A mouse cardiac fibrosis model was constructed via subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO) or angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated and cultured. CFs were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) for 24 h. As a result, HMGA1 was upregulated in fibrotic hearts, as well as TGF-β-stimulated CFs. Overexpression of HMGA1 in CFs aggravated TGF-β1-induced cell activation, proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Overexpression of HMGA1 in fibroblasts, by an adeno-associated virus 9 dilution system with a periostin promoter, accelerated cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, HMGA1 knockdown in CFs inhibited TGF-β1-induced cell activation, proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Mechanistically, we found that HMGA1 increased the transcription of FOXO1. The FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 counteracted the adverse effects of HMGA1 overexpression in vitro. HMGA1 silencing in mouse hearts alleviated Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. However, FOXO1 knockdown in mouse hearts abolished the deteriorating effects of HMGA1 overexpression in mice. Collectively, our data demonstrated that HMGA1 plays a critical role in the development of cardiac fibrosis by regulating FOXO1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongtong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhulan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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111
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Zhao H, Feng YL, Liu T, Wang JJ, Yu J. MicroRNAs in organ fibrosis: From molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153588. [PMID: 34419718 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is caused by chronic tissue injury and characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that ultimately results in organ failure and death. Owing to lacking of effective treatment against tissue fibrosis, it causes a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thus, it is of great importance to find an effective therapy strategy for the treatment of fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in many biological processes by targeting downstream genes. Numerous studies demonstrated that miRNAs served as biomarkers of various diseases, suggesting the potential therapeutic targets for diseases. It was recently reported that miRNAs played an important role in the development of organ fibrosis, which showed a promising prospect against fibrosis by targeting intervention. Here, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in the process of organ fibrosis, including liver, lung, heart and kidney, and highlight miRNAs being novel therapeutic targets for organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China; Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptids, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China; Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptids, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Weinan Linwei District Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, No.144 Dongfeng Road Weinan, Shannxi 714000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China; Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Peptids, No. 777 Xitai Road Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China.
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112
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Li X, Li L, Lei W, Chua HZ, Li Z, Huang X, Wang Q, Li N, Zhang H. Traditional Chinese medicine as a therapeutic option for cardiac fibrosis: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111979. [PMID: 34358754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide and cardiac fibrosis is a common pathological process for cardiac remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis not only accelerates the deterioration progress of diseases but also becomes a pivotal contributor for futile treatment in clinical cardiovascular trials. Although cardiac fibrosis is common and prevalent, effective medicines to provide sufficient clinical intervention for cardiac fibrosis are still unavailable. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the natural essence experienced boiling, fry, and other processing methods, including active ingredients, extracts, and herbal formulas, which have been applied to treat human diseases for a long history. Recently, research has increasingly focused on the great potential of TCM for the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis. Here, we aim to clarify the identified pro-fibrotic mechanisms and intensively summarize the application of TCM in improving cardiac fibrosis by working on these mechanisms. Through comprehensively analyzing, TCM mainly regulates the following pathways during ameliorating cardiac fibrosis: attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibition of cardiac fibroblasts activation, reduction of extracellular matrix accumulation, modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, modulation of autophagy, regulation of metabolic-dependent mechanisms, and targeting microRNAs. We also discussed the deficiencies and the development direction of anti-fibrotic therapies on cardiac fibrosis. The data reviewed here demonstrates that TCM shows a robust effect on alleviating cardiac fibrosis, which provides us a rich source of new drugs or drug candidates. Besides, we also hope this review may give some enlightenment for treating cardiac fibrosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Hui Zi Chua
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zining Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xianglong Huang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Innovation Team of Research on Compound Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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113
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Lagoutte P, Bettler E, Vadon-Le Goff S, Moali C. Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1), a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for fibrosis. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100062. [PMID: 34435180 PMCID: PMC8377038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct balance between collagen synthesis and degradation is essential for almost every aspect of life, from development to healthy aging, reproduction and wound healing. When this balance is compromised by external or internal stress signals, it very often leads to disease as is the case in fibrotic conditions. Fibrosis occurs in the context of defective tissue repair and is characterized by the excessive, aberrant and debilitating deposition of fibril-forming collagens. Therefore, the numerous proteins involved in the biosynthesis of fibrillar collagens represent a potential and still underexploited source of therapeutic targets to prevent fibrosis. One such target is procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1) which has the unique ability to accelerate procollagen maturation by BMP-1/tolloid-like proteinases (BTPs) and contributes to trigger collagen fibrillogenesis, without interfering with other BTP functions or the activities of other extracellular metalloproteinases. This role is achieved through a fine-tuned mechanism of action that is close to being elucidated and offers promising perspectives for drug design. Finally, the in vivo data accumulated in recent years also confirm that PCPE-1 overexpression is a general feature and early marker of fibrosis. In this review, we describe the results which presently support the driving role of PCPE-1 in fibrosis and discuss the questions that remain to be solved to validate its use as a biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Key Words
- ADAMTS, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
- AS, aortic valve stenosis
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- Biomarker
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CP, C-propeptide
- CUB, complement, Uegf, BMP-1
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Collagen
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Fibrillogenesis
- Fibrosis
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- HTS, hypertrophic scar
- IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NTR, netrin
- OPMD, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
- PABPN1, poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1
- PCP, procollagen C-proteinase
- PCPE, procollagen C-proteinase enhancer
- PNP, procollagen N-proteinase
- Proteolysis
- SPC, subtilisin proprotein convertase
- TGF-β, transforming growth-factor β
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TSPN, thrombospondin-like N-terminal
- Therapeutic target
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- mTLD, mammalian tolloid
- mTLL, mammalian tolloid-like
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscillia Lagoutte
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, LBTI, UMR5305, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Bettler
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, LBTI, UMR5305, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Vadon-Le Goff
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, LBTI, UMR5305, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Moali
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, LBTI, UMR5305, F-69367 Lyon, France
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114
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Li C, Wang N, Rao P, Wang L, Lu D, Sun L. Role of the microRNA-29 family in myocardial fibrosis. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:365-376. [PMID: 34047925 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is an inevitable pathological process in the terminal stage of many cardiovascular diseases, often leading to serious cardiac dysfunction and even death. Currently, microRNA-29 (miR-29) is thought to be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target of MF. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of miR-29 that regulate MF will provide a new direction for MF therapy. In the present review, we concentrate on the underlying signaling pathway of miR-29 affecting MF and the crosstalk regulatory relationship among these pathways to illustrate the complex regulatory network of miR-29 in MF. Additionally, based on our mechanistic understanding, we summarize opportunities and challenges of miR-29-based MF diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Rao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China
| | - Limeiting Wang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Di Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, Yunnan, China.
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115
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Yepuri G, Hasan SN, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. Macrophage-adipocyte communication and cardiac remodeling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212483. [PMID: 34283206 PMCID: PMC8294948 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity complicated by hypertension, multicellular processes integrate to orchestrate cardiac fibrosis; the underlying mechanisms, however, remain elusive. In this issue of JEM, Cheng et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210252) describe adipocyte-macrophage collaboration to foster cardiac fibrosis through the actions of angiotensin II in obesity.
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116
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Verrier RL, Pang TD, Nearing BD, Schachter SC. Epileptic heart: A clinical syndromic approach. Epilepsia 2021; 62:1780-1789. [PMID: 34236079 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of premature death in patients with chronic epilepsy remains a major challenge. Multiple pathophysiologic factors have been implicated, with intense investigation of cardiorespiratory mechanisms. Up to four in five patients with chronic epilepsy exhibit cardiovascular comorbidities. These findings led us to propose the concept of an "epileptic heart," defined as "a heart and coronary vasculature damaged by chronic epilepsy as a result of repeated surges in catecholamines and hypoxemia leading to electrical and mechanical dysfunction." Among the most prominent changes documented in the literature are high incidence of myocardial infarction and arrhythmia, altered autonomic tone, diastolic dysfunction, hyperlipidemia, and accelerated atherosclerosis. This suite of pathologic changes prompted us to propose for the first time in this review a syndromic approach for improved clinical detection of the epileptic heart condition. In this review, we discuss the key pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the candidate criteria along with standard and novel techniques that permit evaluation of each of these factors. Specifically, we present evidence of the utility of standard 12-lead, ambulatory, and multiday patch-based electrocardiograms, along with measures of cardiac electrical instability, including T-wave alternans, heart rate variability to detect altered autonomic tone, echocardiography to detect diastolic dysfunction, and plasma biomarkers for assessing hyperlipidemia and accelerated atherosclerosis. Ultimately, the proposed clinical syndromic approach is intended to improve monitoring and evaluation of cardiac risk in patients with chronic epilepsy to foster improved therapeutic strategies to reduce premature cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Verrier
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trudy D Pang
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce D Nearing
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven C Schachter
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Consortia for Improving Medicine with Innovation and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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117
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Gao Y, Liang X, Tian Z, Ma Y, Sun C. Betalain exerts cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects against the experimental model of heart failure. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S16-S28. [PMID: 34189972 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211027933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Betalain is a natural plant pigment known to elicit various biological activities. However, studies on the protective effect of betalain against heart failure have not reported yet. The experimental model of heart failure was created in Wistar rats using isoproterenol (ISO). The animals were randomly assigned into four groups such as sham-control, ISO-induced heart failure, betalain pretreated before ISO induction (50 mg/kg/day), and betalain drug control group were maintained for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, anti-oxidant enzymes, inflammatory markers, matrix proteins, cardiac-specific markers, and micro RNAs were elucidated using RT-PCR, and ELISA analysis. The results demonstrated that the rats induced with ISO displayed an abnormality in cardiac functions, increased oxidative stress markers (p < 0.01), inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.01) while abrogated the expression of miR-18a, and increased miR-199a. While betalain pre-treated rats prevented the cardiac failure significantly (p < 0.01) with improved anti-oxidant enzymes, abrogated the inflammatory signals with restored matrix proteins, cardiac biomarker genes, and attenuated miR-423 and miR-27 compared to heart failure rats. The results of the study suggest that the betalain treatment protected the hearts from failing via microRNA mediated activation the anti-inflammatory signaling and restoring the matrix protein modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - X Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z Tian
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Ma
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - C Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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118
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Magnolol, a natural aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 agonist, inhibits the proliferation and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:128045. [PMID: 33865968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting myocardial fibrosis can help prevent cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. Magnolol (Mag), a natural component of Magnoliae officinalis, has been reported to inhibit fibrosis. However, the mechanism of Mag activity and its effects on myocardial fibrosis remain unclear. Here, we investigated the involvement of ALDH2, an endogenous protective agent against myocardial fibrosis, in the Mag-mediated inhibition of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. We found that Mag significantly inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, based on the results of MTT, EdU and western blot assays. Moreover, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays showed that Mag could bind directly and stably to ALDH2. Further analysis of the mechanism of these effects indicated that treatment with Mag dose-dependently enhanced ALDH2 activity without altering protein expression. Mag could enhance the activity of recombinant human ALDH2 proteins with a half-maximal effective concentration of 5.79 × 10-5 M. In addition, ALDH2 activation via Alda-1 inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, while ALDH2 inhibition via daidzin partially blocked the suppressive effects of Mag. In summary, Mag may act as a natural ALDH2 agonist and inhibit cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis.
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119
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Novel Biomarkers in Heart Failure: New Insight in Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspective. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132771. [PMID: 34202603 PMCID: PMC8268524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with a huge social burden in terms of cost, morbidity, and mortality. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) appears to be the gold standard in supporting the daily clinical management of patients with HF. Novel biomarkers may supplement BNP to improve the understanding of this complex disease process and, possibly, to personalize care for the different phenotypes, in order to ameliorate prognosis. In this review, we will examine some of the most promising novel biomarkers in HF. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and progression of HF and, therefore, several candidate molecules have been investigated in recent years for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. Noncoding RNAs are attractive as biomarkers and their potential clinical applications may be feasible in the era of personalized medicine. Given the complex pathophysiology of HF, it is reasonable to expect that the future of biomarkers lies in the application of precision medicine, through wider testing panels and “omics” technologies, to further improve HF care delivery.
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120
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Wang L, Tian X, Cao Y, Ma X, Shang L, Li H, Zhang X, Deng F, Li S, Guo T, Yang P. Cardiac Shock Wave Therapy Improves Ventricular Function by Relieving Fibrosis Through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway: Evidence From a Rat Model of Post-infarction Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:693875. [PMID: 34222384 PMCID: PMC8241915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.693875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objection: Cumulative studies have identified the effectiveness of cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) in treating heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but little have been discussed with regard to the beneficial effects of CSWT on anti-fibrosis along with the underlying mechanism. In this study, we investigated whether CSWT could reduce post-AMI fibrosis and further explored the molecular mechanism. Methods: Rat heart failure (HF) models induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery were established and validated by echocardiography. Eligible animals were randomly categorized into five groups: the sham group, the HF group, the HF + CSWT group, the HF + LY294002 group, and the HF + CSWT + LY294002 group. The cardiac weight, serum level of BNP, NT-pro BNP and echocardiography parameters were measured to assess cardiac function in different groups. Masson's trichrome staining was used to assess the proportions of the fibrotic area. The expression level of CD34, αSMA was measured by RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescent analyses and the level of PI3K/Akt was quantified by Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: The application of CSWT significantly improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis and level of CD34 and αSMA, compared to the HF group. CSWT led to significant elevations of p-PI3K and p-Akt expression levels compared to that of the HF group and the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway abolished the observed beneficial effects of CSWT. Conclusion: CSWT can facilitate the alleviation of cardiac fibrosis induced by AMI through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuejuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Leilei Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Central Hospital, Suizhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Yunnan Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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121
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Cleland JGF, Ferreira JP, Mariottoni B, Pellicori P, Cuthbert J, Verdonschot JAJ, Petutschnigg J, Ahmed FZ, Cosmi F, Brunner La Rocca HP, Mamas MA, Clark AL, Edelmann F, Pieske B, Khan J, McDonald K, Rouet P, Staessen JA, Mujaj B, González A, Diez J, Hazebroek M, Heymans S, Latini R, Grojean S, Pizard A, Girerd N, Rossignol P, Collier TJ, Zannad F. The effect of spironolactone on cardiovascular function and markers of fibrosis in people at increased risk of developing heart failure: the heart 'OMics' in AGEing (HOMAGE) randomized clinical trial. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:684-696. [PMID: 33215209 PMCID: PMC7878013 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the effects of spironolactone on fibrosis and cardiac function in people at increased risk of developing heart failure. Methods and results Randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial comparing spironolactone (50 mg/day) or control for up to 9 months in people with, or at high risk of, coronary disease and raised plasma B-type natriuretic peptides. The primary endpoint was the interaction between baseline serum galectin-3 and changes in serum procollagen type-III N-terminal pro-peptide (PIIINP) in participants assigned to spironolactone or control. Procollagen type-I C-terminal pro-peptide (PICP) and collagen type-1 C-terminal telopeptide (CITP), reflecting synthesis and degradation of type-I collagen, were also measured. In 527 participants (median age 73 years, 26% women), changes in PIIINP were similar for spironolactone and control [mean difference (mdiff): −0.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.44 to 0.15 μg/L; P = 0.32] but those receiving spironolactone had greater reductions in PICP (mdiff: −8.1; 95% CI −11.9 to −4.3 μg/L; P < 0.0001) and PICP/CITP ratio (mdiff: −2.9; 95% CI −4.3 to −1.5; <0.0001). No interactions with serum galectin were observed. Systolic blood pressure (mdiff: −10; 95% CI −13 to −7 mmHg; P < 0.0001), left atrial volume (mdiff: −1; 95% CI −2 to 0 mL/m2; P = 0.010), and NT-proBNP (mdiff: −57; 95% CI −81 to −33 ng/L; P < 0.0001) were reduced in those assigned spironolactone. Conclusions Galectin-3 did not identify greater reductions in serum concentrations of collagen biomarkers in response to spironolactone. However, spironolactone may influence type-I collagen metabolism. Whether spironolactone can delay or prevent progression to symptomatic heart failure should be investigated. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, U1116, France
| | | | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Joe Cuthbert
- Department of Cardiology, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK
| | - Job A J Verdonschot
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Petutschnigg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), and German Centre for Cardiovascular research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Fozia Z Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Franco Cosmi
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, U1116, France
| | | | - Mamas A Mamas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Prognosis Research, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | - Andrew L Clark
- Department of Cardiology, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), and German Centre for Cardiovascular research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), and German Centre for Cardiovascular research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.,German Heart Center Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Khan
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ken McDonald
- St. Vincent's University Healthcare Group, and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philippe Rouet
- Equipe obésité et insuffisance cardiaque, Université UPS, Inserm I2MC, Toulouse, UMR 1048, France
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Blerim Mujaj
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitatsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA. Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Diez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA. Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Departments of Nephrology and Cardiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mark Hazebroek
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Grojean
- Fondation Force, Research and Consulting Department, EDDH, Centre de Médecine Préventive, Rue du Doyen Jacques Parisot, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, 54500, France
| | - Anne Pizard
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, U1116, France
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, U1116, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, U1116, France
| | - Tim J Collier
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Plurithématique 1433, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, U1116, France
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Lack of Relationship between Fibrosis-Related Biomarkers and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance-Assessed Replacement and Interstitial Fibrosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061295. [PMID: 34071085 PMCID: PMC8224556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between circulating fibrosis-related molecules and magnetic resonance-assessed cardiac fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is poorly understood. To compare circulating biomarkers between DCM patients with high and low fibrosis burdens, we performed a prospective, single-center, observational study. The study population was composed of 100 DCM patients (87 male, mean age 45.2 ± 11.8 years, mean ejection fraction 29.7% ± 10.1%). Replacement fibrosis was quantified by means of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), whereas interstitial fibrosis was assessed via extracellular volume (ECV). Plasma concentrations of cardiotrophin-1, growth differentiation factor-15, platelet-derived growth factor, procollagen I C-terminal propeptide, procollagen III N-terminal propeptide, and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were measured. There were 44% patients with LGE and the median ECV was 27.7%. None of analyzed fibrosis serum biomarkers were associated with the LGE or ECV, whereas NT-proBNP was independently associated with both LGE and ECV, and troponin T was associated with ECV. None of the circulating fibrosis markers differentiated between DCM patients with and without replacement fibrosis, or patients stratified according to median ECV. However, cardiac-specific markers, such as NT-proBNP and hs-TnT, were associated with fibrosis. Levels of circulating markers of fibrosis seem to have no utility in the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac fibrosis in DCM.
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Prasad SK, Halliday BP. Myocardial Fibrosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Moving From Stratifying Risk to Improving Outcomes. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:1351-1353. [PMID: 34023259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Prasad
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College & Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Brian P Halliday
- National Heart Lung Institute, Imperial College & Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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124
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Fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: role of novel echo techniques and multi-modality imaging assessment. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 26:1297-1310. [PMID: 33990907 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents one of the primary cardiomyopathies and may lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Among various histologic features of the disease examined, assessment of myocardial fibrosis may offer valuable information, since it may be considered the common nominator for all HCM connected complications. Late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) has emerged as the reference noninvasive method for visualizing and quantifying myocardial fibrosis in patients with HCM. T1 mapping, a promising new CMR technique, may provide an advantage over conventional LGE-CMR, by permitting a more valid quantification of diffuse fibrosis. On the other hand, echocardiography offers a significantly more portable, affordable, and easily accessible solution for the study of fibrosis. Various echocardiographic techniques ranging from integrated backscatter and contrast-enhanced ultrasound to two- (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) deformation and shear wave imaging may offer new insights into substrate characterization in HCM. The aim of this review is to describe thoroughly all different modalities that may be used in everyday clinical practice for HCM fibrosis evaluation (with special focus on echocardiographic techniques), to concisely present available evidence and to argue in favor of multi-modality imaging application. It is essential to understand that the role of various imaging modalities is not competitive but complementary, since the information provided by each one is necessary to illuminate the complex pathophysiologic pathways of HCM, offering a personalized approach and treatment in every patient.
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Boehm M, Tian X, Ali MK, Mao Y, Ichimura K, Zhao M, Kuramoto K, Dannewitz Prosseda S, Fajardo G, Dufva MJ, Qin X, Kheyfets VO, Bernstein D, Reddy S, Metzger RJ, Zamanian RT, Haddad F, Spiekerkoetter E. Improving Right Ventricular Function by Increasing BMP Signaling with FK506. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:272-287. [PMID: 33938785 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0528oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Right Ventricular (RV) function is the predominant determinant of survival in patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In pre-clinical models, pharmacological activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling with FK506 (Tacrolimus) improved RV function by decreasing RV afterload. FK506 therapy further stabilized three end-stage PAH patients. Whether FK506 has direct effects on the pressure overloaded RV is yet unknown. We hypothesized that increasing cardiac BMP signaling with FK506 improves RV structure and function in a model of fixed RV afterload after pulmonary artery banding (PAB). Direct cardiac effects of FK506 on the microvasculature and RV fibrosis were studied after surgical PAB in wildtype and heterozygous Bmpr2 mutant mice. Right ventricular function and strain were assessed longitudinally via cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging during continuous FK506 infusion. Genetic lineage tracing of endothelial cells (ECs) was performed to assess the contribution of ECs to fibrosis. Molecular mechanistic studies were performed in human cardiac fibroblasts (hCFs) and endothelial cells. In mice, low BMP signaling in the RV exaggerated PAB-induced RV fibrosis. FK506 therapy restored cardiac BMP signaling, reduced RV fibrosis in a BMP-dependent manner independent from its immunosuppressive effect, preserved RV capillarization and improved RV function and strain over the time-course of disease. Endothelial mesenchymal transition was a rare event and did not significantly contribute to cardiac fibrosis after PAB. Mechanistically, FK506 required ALK1 in hCFs as BMPR2 co-receptor to reduce TGFβ1-induced proliferation and collagen production. Our study demonstrates that increasing cardiac BMP signaling with FK506 improves RV structure and function independent from its previously described beneficial effects on pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Boehm
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 10624, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Yuqiang Mao
- Stanford University Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, 481207, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Kenzo Ichimura
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Kazuya Kuramoto
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Melanie J Dufva
- University of Denver, 2927, Department of Bioengineering, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Xulei Qin
- Stanford University, 6429, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Vitaly O Kheyfets
- University of Colorado, 1878, Department of Bioengineering, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Sushma Reddy
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Stanford University, Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Stanfod, California, United States
| | - Francois Haddad
- Stanford University, Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Stanford University, Pulmonary and Critcal Care, Stanford, California, United States;
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Mandoli GE, D'Ascenzi F, Vinco G, Benfari G, Ricci F, Focardi M, Cavigli L, Pastore MC, Sisti N, De Vivo O, Santoro C, Mondillo S, Cameli M. Novel Approaches in Cardiac Imaging for Non-invasive Assessment of Left Heart Myocardial Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:614235. [PMID: 33937354 PMCID: PMC8081830 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.614235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, the identification of myocardial fibrosis was only possible through invasive histologic assessment. Although endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard, recent advances in cardiac imaging techniques have enabled non-invasive tissue characterization of the myocardium, which has also provided valuable insights into specific disease processes. The diagnostic accuracy, incremental yield and prognostic value of speckle tracking echocardiography, late gadolinium enhancement and parametric mapping modules by cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography have been validated against tissue samples and tested in broad patient populations, overall providing relevant clinical information to the cardiologist. This review describes the patterns of left ventricular and left atrial fibrosis, and their characterization by advanced echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography, allowing for clinical applications in sudden cardiac death and management of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Elena Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Vinco
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benfari
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Marta Focardi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luna Cavigli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Sisti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Oreste De Vivo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ciro Santoro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University Hospital Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Mondillo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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127
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Hori Y, Temma T, Wooten C, Sobowale C, Chan C, Swid M, Ajijola OA. Cardiac afferent signaling partially underlies premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:1586-1595. [PMID: 33845214 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying premature ventricular contraction (PVC)-induced cardiomyopathy (PIC) remain unknown. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) afferent fibers are implicated in the reflex processing of cardiac stress. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether cardiac TRPV1 afferent signaling promote PIC. METHODS A PIC swine model (50% PVC burden) was created via an implanted pacemaker. We selectively depleted cardiac TRPV1 afferent fibers using percutaneous epicardial application of resiniferatoxin (RTX). Animals were randomized to PVC only (n = 11), PVC+RTX (n = 11), or control (n = 6). We examined early-stage (4 weeks after implantation; n = 5) and late-stage PIC (8 weeks after implantation; n = 6). At terminal experimentation, animals underwent echocardiography, serum sampling, and physiological and autonomic reflex testing. RESULTS Depletion of cardiac TRPV1 afferents by RTX treatment was confirmed by absent sensory fibers and absent functional responses to TRPV1 activators. Left ventricular ejection fraction was worse in late-stage than early-stage PIC (P <.01). At 4 weeks (early stage), left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in PVC+RTX vs PVC animals (51.7% ± 1.6% vs 45.0% ± 2.1%; P = .030), whereas no significant difference between PVC and PVC+RTX was observed at 8 weeks (late stage). Histologic studies demonstrated reduced fibrosis in PVC+RTX vs PVC alone at 4 weeks (2.27% ± 0.14% vs 3.01% ± 0.21%; P = .020), suggesting that RTX mitigated profibrotic pathways induced by persistent PVCs. CONCLUSION TRPV1 afferent depletion alleviates left ventricular dysfunction in early- but not late-stage PIC. This temporal effect suggests that multiple pathways promote PIC, of which TRPV1 afferents are a part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hori
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Taro Temma
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christian Wooten
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Sobowale
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Chan
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mohammed Swid
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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128
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Zeigler AC, Chandrabhatla AS, Christiansen SL, Nelson AR, Holmes JW, Saucerman JJ. Network model-based screen for FDA-approved drugs affecting cardiac fibrosis. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2021; 10:377-388. [PMID: 33571402 PMCID: PMC8099443 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant component of pathological heart remodeling, yet it is not directly targeted by existing drugs. Systems pharmacology approaches have the potential to provide mechanistic frameworks with which to predict and understand how drugs modulate biological systems. Here, we combine network modeling of the fibroblast signaling network with 36 unique drug-target interactions from DrugBank to predict drugs that modulate fibroblast phenotype and fibrosis. Galunisertib was predicted to decrease collagen and α-SMA expression, which we validated in human cardiac fibroblasts. In vivo fibrosis data from the literature validated predictions for 10 drugs. Further, the model was used to identify network mechanisms by which these drugs work. Arsenic trioxide was predicted to induce fibrosis by AP1-driven TGFβ expression and MMP2-driven TGFβ activation. Entresto (valsartan/sacubitril) was predicted to suppress fibrosis by valsartan suppression of ERK signaling and sacubitril enhancement of PKG activity, both of which decreased Smad3 activity. Overall, this study provides a framework for integrating drug-target mechanisms with logic-based network models, which can drive further studies both in cardiac fibrosis and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. Zeigler
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | | | | | - Anders R. Nelson
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Jeffrey W. Holmes
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Li Q, Li Y, Lei C, Tan Y, Yi G. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 signaling. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:32-39. [PMID: 33811927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid which regulates a series of physiological and pathological processes via binding to five S1P receptors (S1PR1-5). Although S1PR1-3 are widely expressed, the study of S1PRs, however, mainly addressed S1PR1 and S1PR2, and few studies focus on S1PR3-5. In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that S1PR3 plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration, but its function is still controversial. This is the first comprehensive review paper about the role of S1PR3 signaling in cardiovascular function, tissue fibrosis, cancer, immune response, and neurological function. In addition, existing S1PR3 agonists and antagonists are listed at the end of the article, and we also put forward our opinion on the dispute of S1PR3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Cai Lei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Guanghui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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130
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Could aortic arch calcification help in detection of hypertensive retinopathy? Blood Press Monit 2021; 26:118-123. [PMID: 33234808 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension-induced end-organ damage is one of the important determinants of morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension. All types of hypertension-induced end-organ damages start with vascular damage. Vascular calcification is a marker of vascular damage and aortic arch calcification (AAC) is one of the easily identifiable types of vascular calcification. We hypothesized that AAC predicts retinopathy in hypertensive patients. METHODS Consecutive hypertensive patients without diabetes mellitus were included. Chest radiography in the posterior-anterior was used to assess the presence of AAC. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination for retinopathy. RESULTS We included 495 hypertensive patients in this study. Of these, 306 (62%) had hypertensive retinopathy. Patients with hypertensive retinopathy had significantly higher prevalence of AAC as compared to the patients without hypertensive retinopathy (88% vs. 22%, P < 0.001). We found a strong and positive correlation between hypertensive retinopathy and AAC grades (r = 639, P < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristics curve analysis yielded a strong predictive ability of AAC for the presence of hypertensive retinopathy [area under curve = 0.814, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.775-0.853, P < 0.0001]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, presence of AAC [odds ratio (OR) 13.128; CI: 7.894-21.832] and serum glucose levels (OR 1.020; CI: 1.003-1.037) were strongly and independently associated with hypertensive retinopathy. CONCLUSION Presence of AAC on chest radiograph is strongly and independently associated with retinopathy in nondiabetic hypertensive patients. This simple, inexpensive and widely available tool may help in early detection of retinopathy in patients with hypertension.
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131
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Xu S, Zhang J, Liu J, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Yu J, Ye D, Zhao M, Feng Y, Pan W, Wang M, Wan J. The role of interleukin-10 family members in cardiovascular diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107475. [PMID: 33662690 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine family members, including IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26 and the distantly related IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29, play critical roles in the regulation of inflammation. The occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases closely correlate with the regulation of inflammation, which may provide novel strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, studies have focused on the association between the IL-10 cytokine family and the physiological and pathological progression of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize relevant studies and clarify whether the IL-10 cytokine family contributes to the regulation of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwan Xu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junping Yu
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Ye
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Feng
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- The First Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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Ma H. Effects of SET7 on angiotensin II-mediated proliferation and collagen synthesis of myocardial fibroblasts and its mechanisms. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:135-141. [PMID: 33678649 PMCID: PMC10929789 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.190400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Silence of SET domain containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (SET7) alleviates myocardial tissue injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion. But the effects of SET7 on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myocardial fibroblast proliferation and the collagen synthesis are not clear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of SET7 on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of myocardial fibroblasts and its mechanisms. METHODS Myocardial fibroblasts were isolated and identified by immunofluorescence. Myocardial fibroblasts were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group (cells were normally cultured), an Ang II group (cells were treated with 100 nmol/L Ang II for 24 h), a siCtrl group (cells were transfected with siRNA control and were then treated with 100 nmol/L Ang II for 24 h), and a siSET7 group (cells were transfected with siRNA SET7 and were then treated with 100 nmol/L Ang II for 24 h). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of SET7, collagen I, collagen III, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of SET7, collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, sonic hedgehog (Shh), ptched1 (Ptch1), and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1). RESULTS Fluorescence microscopy showed positive vimentin staining, and myocardial fibroblasts were in good condition. As compared to the control group, the mRNA and protein levels of SET7 in the Ang II group were significantly upregulated; cell proliferation rate and EdU fluorescence intensity in the Ang II group were significantly increased; the mRNA and protein levels of collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA were significantly upregulated (all P<0.05). As compared to the siCtrl group, the mRNA and protein levels of SET7 in the siSET7 group were significantly downregulated; cell proliferation rate and EdU fluorescence intensity in the siSET7 group were significantly decreased; the mRNA and protein levels of collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA in the siSET7 group were significantly downregulated (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Silence of SET7 gene inhibits Ang II-induced proliferation and collagen synthesis of myocardial fibroblasts. Shh signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an NO.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, China.
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Abstract
Diffuse myocardial fibrosis resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibres through the entire myocardium is encountered in a number of chronic cardiac diseases. This lesion results from alterations in the regulation of fibrillary collagen turnover by fibroblasts, facilitating the excessive deposition of type I and type III collagen fibres within the myocardial interstitium and around intramyocardial vessels. The available evidence suggests that, beyond the extent of fibrous deposits, collagen composition and the physicochemical properties of the fibres are also relevant in the detrimental effects of diffuse myocardial fibrosis on cardiac function and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. In this regard, findings from the past 20 years suggest that various clinicopathological phenotypes of diffuse myocardial fibrosis exist in patients with heart failure. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms and detrimental consequences of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in heart failure. Furthermore, we discuss the validity and usefulness of available imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers to assess the clinicopathological variation in this lesion and to track its clinical evolution. Finally, we highlight the currently available and potential future therapeutic strategies aimed at personalizing the prevention and reversal of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure.
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Li M, Wu J, Hu G, Song Y, Shen J, Xin J, Li Z, Liu W, Dong E, Xu M, Zhang Y, Xiao H. Pathological matrix stiffness promotes cardiac fibroblast differentiation through the POU2F1 signaling pathway. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:242-254. [PMID: 32617828 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblast (CF) differentiation into myofibroblasts is a crucial cause of cardiac fibrosis, which increases in the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. The increased stiffness further promotes CF differentiation and fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. We used bioinformatics analysis to find new candidates that regulate the genes involved in stiffness-induced CF differentiation, and found that there were binding sites for the POU-domain transcription factor, POU2F1 (also known as Oct-1), in the promoters of 50 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CFs on the stiffer substrate. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting revealed that pathological stiffness upregulated POU2F1 expression and increased CF differentiation on polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates and in mouse myocardial infarction tissue. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that POU2F1 bound to the promoters of fibrosis repressors IL1R2, CD69, and TGIF2. The expression of these fibrosis repressors was inhibited on pathological substrate stiffness. Knockdown of POU2F1 upregulated these repressors and attenuated CF differentiation on pathological substrate stiffness (35 kPa). Whereas, overexpression of POU2F1 downregulated these repressors and enhanced CF differentiation. In conclusion, pathological stiffness upregulates the transcription factor POU2F1 to promote CF differentiation by inhibiting fibrosis repressors. Our work elucidated the crosstalk between CF differentiation and the ECM and provided a potential target for cardiac fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Li
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guomin Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junzhou Xin
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Wang M, Murdoch CE, Brewer AC, Ivetic A, Evans P, Shah AM, Zhang M. Endothelial NADPH oxidase 4 protects against angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1427-1437. [PMID: 33511759 PMCID: PMC8006688 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Endothelial activation and inflammatory cell infiltration have important roles in the development of cardiac fibrosis induced by renin–angiotensin system activation. NADPH oxidases (Nox proteins) are expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and alter their function. Previous studies indicated that Nox2 in ECs contributes to angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced cardiac fibrosis. However, the effects of EC Nox4 on cardiac fibrosis are unknown. Methods and results Transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing endothelial‐restricted Nox4 were studied alongside wild‐type (WT) littermates as controls. At baseline, Nox4 TG mice had significantly enlarged hearts compared with WT, with elongated cardiomyocytes (increased by 18.5%, P < 0.01) and eccentric hypertrophy but well‐preserved cardiac function by echocardiography and in vivo pressure–volume analysis. Animals were subjected to a chronic AngII infusion (AngII, 1.1 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Whereas WT/AngII developed a 2.1‐fold increase in interstitial cardiac fibrosis as compared with WT/saline controls (P < 0.01), TG/AngII mice developed significant less fibrosis (1.4‐fold increase, P > 0.05), but there were no differences in cardiac hypertrophy or contractile function between the two groups. TG hearts displayed significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration with reduced levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in both the vasculature and myocardium compared with WT after AngII treatment. TG microvascular ECs stimulated with AngII in vitro supported significantly less leukocyte adhesion than WT ECs. Conclusions A chronic increase in endothelial Nox4 stimulates physiological cardiac hypertrophy and protects against AngII‐induced cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting EC activation and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Mice with endothelium‐specific overexpression of Nox4 (EndoNox4 TG) exhibit eccentric hypertrophy with well‐preserved cardiac function at baseline. EndoNox4 TG mice develop significantly less interstitial cardiac fibrosis in response to chronic pressure AngII stimulation, independent of cardiac hypertrophy. Overexpression of Nox4 in endothelial cells reduces AngII‐induced endothelial activation. An increase in endothelial Nox4 inhibits AngII‐induced recruitment of inflammatory cells in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minshu Wang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Colin E Murdoch
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Paul Evans
- Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
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Pinkert MA, Hall TJ, Eliceiri KW. Challenges of conducting quantitative ultrasound with a multimodal optical imaging system. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:035008. [PMID: 33171448 PMCID: PMC8349544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abc93c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency quantitative ultrasound is a potential non-invasive source of imaging cell-tissue scale biomarkers for major diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and preterm birth. However, one of the barriers to developing such biomarkers is that it is labor-intensive to compare quantitative ultrasound images to optical images of the tissue structure. We have previously developed a multiscale imaging system that can obtain registered qualitative ultrasound and optical images, but there are further technical challenges to obtaining quantitative data: System-specific details of obtaining and processing data with Verasonics high-frequency transducers; the need for high-frequency reference phantoms; and off-axis clutter from imaging above a glass coverslip. This paper provides a characterization of the Verasonics ultrasound system with the 18.5 MHz L22-14v and 28.5 MHz L38-22v transducers, describes the construction of high-frequency reference phantoms, and details methods for reducing off-axis clutter. The paper features a demonstration multiscale image of a wild type mouse mammary gland that incorporates quantitative ultrasound with both transducers and second harmonic generation microscopy. These advances demonstrate a way to obtain, on a single system with a cohesive and integrated pipeline, quantitative ultrasound data that is correlated with optical imaging without the need for extensive sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Pinkert
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Timothy J Hall
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard St, Madison, WI 53715, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Medical Physics, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
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Detection of persistent systolic and diastolic abnormalities in asymptomatic pediatric repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients with preserved ejection fraction: a CMR feature tracking study. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:6156-6168. [PMID: 33492469 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A fast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking was applied to assess ventricular systolic and diastolic function. This study sought to detect right ventricular (RV) systolic and diastolic abnormalities in asymptomatic pediatric repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) patients with preserved RV ejection fraction (EF). METHODS One hundred asymptomatic pediatric rTOF patients with preserved RVEF ≥ 45% and 52 control subjects underwent cine CMR examinations. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE); peak tricuspid annular systolic (Sm), early diastolic (Em), and late diastolic (Am) velocities; and biventricular global radial (GRS), circumferential (GCS), and longitudinal strains (GLS) were analyzed using CMR feature tracking. RESULTS TAPSE, Sm, Em, Am, and RV GLS were significantly lower in rTOF patients compared with controls (all p < 0.01). The lower limits (mean-2·standard deviations) of TAPSE, Sm, Em, and Am among controls were 10.9 mm, 6.3 cm/s, 8.9 cm/s, and 2.4 cm/s, respectively, and 78%, 75%, 75%, and 19% of rTOF patients had corresponding measurements below these thresholds. Among rTOF patients, RV GLS was significantly lower in females than in males (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite preserved RVEF, there was a high prevalence of RV systolic and diastolic dysfunction among pediatric rTOF patients, which was detected using fast CMR feature tracking. KEY POINTS • There was high prevalence of systolic and diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic pediatric repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) patients despite preserved right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF). • Significant correlations were observed between right ventricular (RV) measurements (strains, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), peak tricuspid annular early diastolic velocity (Em), peak tricuspid annular late diastolic velocity (Am)), and left ventricular (LV) strain measurements, which indicates ventricular-ventricular interactions at systolic and diastolic function level. • Right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) was lower in female repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) patients than in males, suggesting females with rTOF may be at a higher risk of developing RV systolic dysfunction than males.
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Ni SY, Zhong XL, Li ZH, Huang DJ, Xu WT, Zhou Y, Ou CW, Chen MS. Puerarin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting PARP-1 to Prevent HMGB1-Mediated TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 20:482-491. [PMID: 32236896 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MFs) is a crucial pathological process that results in cardiac failure in the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases. Puerarin could reportedly be used to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the exact mechanism of puerarin on MFs was not clear enough. The separated primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with puerarin. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, PARP-1, α-SMA, collagen-1, collagen-3, NF-κB pathways were examined by ELISA, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. In addition, MFs rats' model was established using transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and the degree of fibrosis was certified by masson staining. We successfully separated primary CFs, and certified that LPS induction could upregulate the levels of PARP-1, HMGB1, inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-related proteins (α-SMA, collagen-1 and collagen-3). In addition, we proved that puerarin could weaken MFs, and PARP-1 and HMGB1 expressions, which were induced by LPS in primary CFs. In terms of mechanism, HMGB1 expression could be promoted by PARP-1, and PARP-1 could attenuate the therapeutic effect of puerarin on LPS-induced MFs. Besides, PARP-1-HMGB1-NF-κB pathway was related to the protective effect of puerarin on MFs. In vivo, we also verified the protective efficacy of puerarin on MFs induced by TAC, and puerarin also regulated HMGB1-mediated TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. We demonstrated that puerarin could ameliorate MFs by downregulating PARP-1 to inhibit HMGB1-mediated TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-induced primary CFs and TAC-induced MFs rats' model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xing-Long Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Ze-Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Dong-Jian Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Wen-Ting Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Cai-Wen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Min-Sheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Díez J, González A, Kovacic JC. Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis in Nonischemic Heart Disease, Part 3/4: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2204-2218. [PMID: 32354386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is a histological hallmark of several cardiac diseases that alter myocardial architecture and function and are associated with progression to heart failure. MIF is a diffuse and patchy process, appearing as a combination of interstitial microscars, perivascular collagen fiber deposition, and increased thickness of mysial collagen strands. Although MIF arises mainly because of alterations in fibrillar collagen turnover leading to collagen fiber accumulation, there are also alterations in other nonfibrillar extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin and matricellular proteins. Furthermore, in addition to an excess of collagen, qualitative changes in collagen fibers also contribute to the detrimental impact of MIF. In this part 3 of a 4-part JACC Focus Seminar, we review the evidence on the complex mechanisms leading to MIF, as well as its contribution to systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction and impaired clinical outcomes in patients with nonischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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Shu J, Gu Y, Jin L, Wang H. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 regulates angiotensin II‑induced myocardial fibrosis cell viability, migration and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:151. [PMID: 33655326 PMCID: PMC7789094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is a central signaling molecule of the renin-angiotensin system that serves a vital role in myocardial fibrosis (MF). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 on MF progression. To induce cellular fibrosis, H9C2 rat myocardial cells were treated with AngII for 24 h. Subsequently, cells were treated with levocarnitine, or transfected with small interfering (si)RNA-negative control or siRNA-MMP3 (1/2/3). Cell viability, apoptosis and migration were assessed by performing Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were performed to determine the expression levels of MF biomarkers, including disease-, apoptosis- and oxidative stress-related genes. Compared with the control group, AngII significantly inhibited H9C2 cell viability and migration, and significantly increased H9C2 cell apoptosis (P<0.05). However, compared with AngII-treated H9C2 cells, MMP3 knockdown significantly inhibited fibrotic H9C2 cell viability and migration, but increased fibrotic H9C2 cell apoptosis (P<0.05). The RT-qPCR results demonstrated that MMP3 knockdown significantly downregulated the expression levels of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, AngII receptor type 1, α-smooth muscle actin and Collagen I in AngII-treated H9C2 cells (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with AngII-treated cells, MMP3 knockdown significantly decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, but significantly increased caspase-3 and p53 expression levels in AngII-treated cells (P<0.05). Additionally, compared with AngII-treated cells, MMP3 knockdown significantly decreased MMP3, MMP9, STAT3, p22Phox and p47Phox expression levels in AngII-treated cells (P<0.05). The present study indicated that MMP3 knockdown altered myocardial fibroblast cell viability, migration and apoptosis by regulating apoptosis- and oxidative stress-related genes, thus delaying MF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shu
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing'an District, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Gu
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing'an District, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Gerontology, Shibei Hospital of Jing'an District, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China
| | - Haiya Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Systemic Action of Inflammatory Mediators in Patients with Essential Hypertension and Diastolic Chronic Heart Failure: A Clinical Pathophysiological Study. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2020; 27:30-43. [PMID: 35366254 PMCID: PMC8830453 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology27010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to correlate indicators of proinflammatory status and the structural/functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system comparatively in male and female patients with essential hypertension (EH) complicated by diastolic chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The study included 104 middle-aged patients (55 males (M) and 49 females (F)) with first- or second-degree EH complicated by CHF with preserved LVEF. They all belonged to the low functional class of CHF, with LVEF ≥50%, first- or second-degree of LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), LV hypertrophy (LVH), and dilatation of the left atrium (LA) with a sinus rhythm and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide >125 pg/mL. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. To identify the relationship between the proinflammatory pattern and cardiovascular parameters, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were determined. M had markedly higher levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 compared to F. However, all the mean values corresponded to the reference range. Significant direct associations of CRP level with the LV mass index (LVMI), relative wall thickness (RWT), LA volume index (LAVI), E/e' ratio, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) existed in both M and F, as well as negative correlations of CRP with LVDD parameter e' and distance covered in a 6 min walk test. M and F had a positive association between IL-6 and LVMI, LAVI, E/e' ratio, SBP, RWT, and DBP, as well as strong negative associations between IL-6 and e' and distance passed in 6 min in each group. Significant direct correlations existed between serum TNF-α level and LVMI, RWT, LAVI, E/e', SBP, and DBP both in M and F. Furthermore, there were negative relationships of TNF-α level with e' and the distance covered for the 6 min walk. This study demonstrated a close relationship between the blood levels of proinflammatory autacoids and indicators of EH, exercise tolerance, LVH, LVDD, and LA enlargement, regardless of the patient's sex. Compared to female patients, male patients had stronger correlations of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels with indicators of LVDD degree.
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Ezeani M, Hagemeyer CE, Lal S, Niego B. Molecular imaging of atrial myopathy: Towards early AF detection and non-invasive disease management. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 32:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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143
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Li H, Fan J, Chen C, Wang DW. Subcellular microRNAs in diabetic cardiomyopathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1602. [PMID: 33437801 PMCID: PMC7791206 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the leading causes of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. The high incidence and poor prognosis of heart failure in diabetic patients have been associated, in part, to the presence of an underlying cardiomyopathy characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and fibrosis. It has been unclear about the mechanism that connects diabetes mellitus to the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Micro(mi)RNAs represent a class of small, 18- to 28-nucleotide-long, non-coding RNA molecules. MiRNAs typically suppress gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels by binding directly to the 3'-UTR of the target mRNAs in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that miRNAs may also regulate gene expression in a positive manner. Our recent studies have shown that subcellular miRNAs, such as cytosol-, mitochondria- and nucleus-localized miRNAs, were dramatically dysregulated in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Specifically, cytoplasm localized miRNAs regulate genes expression in a post-transcriptional manner. Nuclear localized miRNAs regulate gene transcription or chromosomal reconstruction through the non-canonical mechanism. Mitochondrial miRNAs stimulate, rather than repress, the translation of specific mitochondrial genome-encoded transcripts. By reviewing these latest discovered functions of subcellular miRNAs in diabetic animal models, we identified new mechanistic insights for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Understanding the nature of subcellular miRNAs will provide new therapeutic targets against diabetes-associated cardiac complications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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144
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Friebel J, Weithauser A, Witkowski M, Rauch BH, Savvatis K, Dörner A, Tabaraie T, Kasner M, Moos V, Bösel D, Gotthardt M, Radke MH, Wegner M, Bobbert P, Lassner D, Tschöpe C, Schutheiss HP, Felix SB, Landmesser U, Rauch U. Protease-activated receptor 2 deficiency mediates cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:3318-3332. [PMID: 31004144 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and pathological cardiac aging share a complex pathophysiology, including extracellular matrix remodelling (EMR). Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) deficiency is associated with EMR. The roles of PAR1 and PAR2 have not been studied in HFpEF, age-dependent cardiac fibrosis, or diastolic dysfunction (DD). METHODS AND RESULTS Evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies from patients with HFpEF (n = 14) revealed that a reduced cardiac PAR2 expression was associated with aggravated DD and increased myocardial fibrosis (r = -0.7336, P = 0.0028). In line, 1-year-old PAR2-knockout (PAR2ko) mice suffered from DD with preserved systolic function, associated with an increased age-dependent α-smooth muscle actin expression, collagen deposition (1.7-fold increase, P = 0.0003), lysyl oxidase activity, collagen cross-linking (2.2-fold increase, P = 0.0008), endothelial activation, and inflammation. In the absence of PAR2, the receptor-regulating protein caveolin-1 was down-regulated, contributing to an augmented profibrotic PAR1 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-dependent signalling. This enhanced TGF-β/PAR1 signalling caused N-proteinase (ADAMTS3) and C-proteinase (BMP1)-related increased collagen I production from cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). PAR2 overexpression in PAR2ko CFs reversed these effects. The treatment with the PAR1 antagonist, vorapaxar, reduced cardiac fibrosis by 44% (P = 0.03) and reduced inflammation in a metabolic disease model (apolipoprotein E-ko mice). Patients with HFpEF with upstream PAR inhibition via FXa inhibitors (n = 40) also exhibited reduced circulating markers of fibrosis and DD compared with patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS Protease-activated receptor 2 is an important regulator of profibrotic PAR1 and TGF-β signalling in the heart. Modulation of the FXa/FIIa-PAR1/PAR2/TGF-β-axis might be a promising therapeutic approach to reduce HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Friebel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Weithauser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Witkowski
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Savvatis
- Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Andrea Dörner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Termeh Tabaraie
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Kasner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Bösel
- Medical Department I, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Oudenarder Straße 16, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael H Radke
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Oudenarder Straße 16, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Wegner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Bobbert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Angiology, Hubertus Hospital, Berlin, Spanische Allee 10-14, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Lassner
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Moltkestr. 31, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan B Felix
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Oudenarder Straße 16, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauch
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Center 11, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Oudenarder Straße 16, Berlin, Germany
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145
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Osipova OA, Gosteva EV, Chefranova ZY, Zhernakova NI, Lykov YA, Avdeeva IV. Effect of therapy on the dynamics of collagen metabolism markers in older patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction and coronary artery disease. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Osipova
- National Research University Belgorod State University (BelSU))
| | | | | | | | - Yu. A. Lykov
- National Research University Belgorod State University (BelSU))
| | - I. V. Avdeeva
- National Research University Belgorod State University (BelSU))
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146
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Keranov S, Dörr O, Jafari L, Troidl C, Liebetrau C, Kriechbaum S, Keller T, Voss S, Bauer T, Lorenz J, Richter MJ, Tello K, Gall H, Ghofrani HA, Mayer E, Wiedenroth CB, Guth S, Lörchner H, Pöling J, Chelladurai P, Pullamsetti SS, Braun T, Seeger W, Hamm CW, Nef H. CILP1 as a biomarker for right ventricular maladaptation in pulmonary
hypertension. Eur Respir J 2020; 57:13993003.01192-2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01192-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to analyse the protein expression of cartilage
intermediate layer protein (CILP)1 in a mouse model of right ventricular
(RV) pressure overload and to evaluate CILP1 as a biomarker of cardiac
remodelling and maladaptive RV function in patients with pulmonary
hypertension (PH).
Pulmonary artery banding was performed in 14 mice; another nine mice
underwent sham surgery. CILP1 protein expression was analysed in all hearts
using Western blotting and immunostaining. CILP1 serum concentrations were
measured in 161 patients (97 with adaptive and maladaptive RV pressure
overload caused by PH; 25 with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy; 20 with
dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM); 19 controls without LV or RV
abnormalities)
In mice, the amount of RV CILP1 was markedly higher after banding than
after sham. Control patients had lower CILP1 serum levels than all other
groups (p<0.001). CILP1 concentrations were higher in PH patients with
maladaptive RV function than those with adaptive RV function (p<0.001),
LV pressure overload (p<0.001) and DCM (p=0.003). CILP1 showed good
predictive power for maladaptive RV in receiver operating characteristic
analysis (area under the curve (AUC) 0.79). There was no significant
difference between the AUCs of CILP1 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic
peptide (NT-proBNP) (AUC 0.82). High CILP1 (cut-off value for maladaptive RV
of ≥4373 pg·mL−1) was associated with lower tricuspid
annular plane excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratios
(p<0.001) and higher NT-proBNP levels (p<0.001).
CILP1 is a novel biomarker of RV and LV pathological remodelling that is
associated with RV maladaptation and ventriculoarterial uncoupling in
patients with PH.
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147
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Lu M, Qin X, Yao J, Yang Y, Zhao M, Sun L. Th17/Treg imbalance modulates rat myocardial fibrosis and heart failure by regulating LOX expression. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13537. [PMID: 32649012 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The imbalance of T helper (Th) 17/T regulatory (Treg) is involved in chronic heart failure (HF). The enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) contributes to myocardial fibrosis. This study was designed to decipher the regulatory mechanism of Th17/Treg on LOX expression and to validate whether Th17/Treg imbalance regulates myocardial fibrosis by modulating LOX expression. METHODS Human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and co-cultured with Th17 cells and Tregs which were polarized from control naïve CD4+ T cells. Th17 cells and Tregs were adoptively transferred into abdominal aortic coarctation-induced chronic HF rats to investigate the efficacy of Th17 and Treg infusions on myocardial fibrosis and HF. RESULTS Th17/Treg imbalance (increased Th17 cells and decreased Tregs) was observed in HF patients. Th17 cells/Tregs aggravated/attenuated Ang II-induced upregulation of LOX and fibrosis-related indicators (MMP-2/9 and collagen I/III) in HCFs in vitro and abdominal aortic coarctation-induced myocardial fibrosis and HF in rats, by promoting/inhibiting LOX expression. Mechanistically, Th17 cells promoted LOX expression by activating the IL-17/ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway, while Tregs inhibited LOX expression by activating the IL-10/JAK1-STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSION Increased Th17 cells and decreased Tregs aggravate myocardial fibrosis and HF by inducing LOX expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- Department of Cardiology Henan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Clinical Medicine Henan University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinglei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Henan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Clinical Medicine Henan University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jungong Yao
- Department of Cardiology Henan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Clinical Medicine Henan University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology Henan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Clinical Medicine Henan University Zhengzhou China
| | - Minghu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology Henan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Clinical Medicine Henan University Zhengzhou China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology Henan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Clinical Medicine Henan University Zhengzhou China
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148
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Gyöngyösi M, Lukovic D, Zlabinger K, Spannbauer A, Gugerell A, Pavo N, Traxler D, Pils D, Maurer G, Jakab A, Riesenhuber M, Pircher A, Winkler J, Bergler-Klein J. Liposomal doxorubicin attenuates cardiotoxicity via induction of interferon-related DNA damage resistance. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:970-982. [PMID: 31346605 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is severely compromised by its cardiotoxic effects, which limit the therapeutic index and the cumulative dose. Liposomal encapsulation of DOX (Myocet®) provides a certain protective effect against cardiotoxicity by reducing myocardial drug accumulation. We aimed to evaluate transcriptomic responses to anthracyclines with different cardiotoxicity profiles in a translational large animal model for identifying potential alleviation strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS We treated domestic pigs with either DOX, epirubicin (EPI), or liposomal DOX and compared the cardiac, laboratory, and haemodynamic effects with saline-treated animals. Cardiotoxicity was encountered in all groups, reflected by an increase of plasma markers N-terminal pro-brain-natriuretic peptide and Troponin I and an impact on body weight. High morbidity of EPI-treated animals impeded further evaluation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium late enhancement and transthoracic echocardiography showed stronger reduction of the left and right ventricular systolic function and stronger myocardial fibrosis in DOX-treated animals than in those treated with the liposomal formulation. Gene expression profiles of the left and right ventricles were analysed by RNA-sequencing and validated by qPCR. Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), linked to DNA damage repair and cell survival, were downregulated by DOX, but upregulated by liposomal DOX in both the left and right ventricle. The expression of cardioprotective translocator protein (TSPO) was inhibited by DOX, but not its liposomal formulation. Cardiac fibrosis with activation of collagen was found in all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS All anthracycline-derivatives resulted in transcriptional activation of collagen synthesis and processing. Liposomal packaging of DOX-induced ISGs in association with lower cardiotoxicity, which is of high clinical importance in anticancer treatment. Our study identified potential mechanisms for rational development of strategies to mitigate anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems (CeMSIIS), and Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras Jakab
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstraße 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Riesenhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jutta Bergler-Klein
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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149
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Boron improves cardiac contractility and fibrotic remodeling following myocardial infarction injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17138. [PMID: 33051505 PMCID: PMC7553911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a major determinant of clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. It is characterized by the emergence of myofibroblasts and early activation of pro-fibrotic signaling pathways before adverse ventricular remodeling and progression of HF. Boron has been reported in recent years to augment the innate immune system and cell proliferation, which play an important role in the repair and regeneration of the injured tissue. Currently, the effect of boron on cardiac contractility and remodeling is unknown. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the effect of boron supplementation on cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis and regeneration in a rat model myocardial infarction (MI)-induced HF. MI was induced in animals and borax, a sodium salt of boron, was administered for 7 days, p.o., 21 days post-injury at a dose level of 4 mg/kg body weight. Transthoracic echocardiographic analysis showed a significant improvement in systolic and diastolic functions with boron treatment compared to saline control. In addition, boron administration showed a marked reduction in myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis in the injured hearts, highlighting a protective effect of boron in the ischemic heart. Interestingly, we observed a tenfold increase of nuclei in thin myocardial sections stained positive for the cell cycle marker Ki67 in the MI boron-treated rats compared to saline, indicative of increased cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in MI hearts, highlighting its potential role in regeneration post-injury. We similarly observed increased Ki67 and BrdU staining in cultured fresh neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Collectively, the results show that boron positively impacted MI-induced HF and attenuated cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis, two prominent features of HF. Importantly, boron has the potential to induce cardiomyocyte cell cycle entry and potentially cardiac tissue regeneration after injury. Boron might be beneficial as a supplement in MI and may be a good candidate substance for anti-fibrosis approach.
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150
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Soplinska A, Zareba L, Wicik Z, Eyileten C, Jakubik D, Siller-Matula JM, De Rosa S, Malek LA, Postula M. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Systemic Changes in Response to Endurance Exercise-A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100813. [PMID: 33066215 PMCID: PMC7602033 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance sports have an unarguably beneficial influence on cardiovascular health and general fitness. Regular physical activity is considered one of the most powerful tools in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs are small particles that regulate the post-transcription gene expression. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs might be promising biomarkers of the systemic changes in response to exercise, before they can be detected by standard imaging or laboratory methods. In this review, we focused on four important physiological processes involved in adaptive changes to various endurance exercises (namely, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac myocyte damage, fibrosis, and inflammation). Moreover, we discussed miRNAs’ correlation with cardiopulmonary fitness parameter (VO2max). After a detailed literature search, we found that miR-1, miR-133, miR-21, and miR-155 are crucial in adaptive response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Soplinska
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.E.); (D.J.); (J.M.S.-M.)
| | - Lukasz Zareba
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.E.); (D.J.); (J.M.S.-M.)
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.E.); (D.J.); (J.M.S.-M.)
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo 055080-90, Brazil
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.E.); (D.J.); (J.M.S.-M.)
| | - Daniel Jakubik
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.E.); (D.J.); (J.M.S.-M.)
| | - Jolanta M. Siller-Matula
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.E.); (D.J.); (J.M.S.-M.)
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Lukasz A. Malek
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-635 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Postula
- Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Z.W.); (C.E.); (D.J.); (J.M.S.-M.)
- Longevity Center, 00-761 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-221166160; Fax: +48-221166202
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