101
|
Nanomedicine for the prevention, treatment and imaging of atherosclerosis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8 Suppl 1:S59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
102
|
Evaluation of surface deformability of lipid nanocapsules by drop tensiometer technique, and its experimental assessment by dialysis and tangential flow filtration. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:460-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
103
|
Allard-Vannier E, Cohen-Jonathan S, Gautier J, Hervé-Aubert K, Munnier E, Soucé M, Legras P, Passirani C, Chourpa I. Pegylated magnetic nanocarriers for doxorubicin delivery: A quantitative determination of stealthiness in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:498-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
104
|
Diou O, Tsapis N, Giraudeau C, Valette J, Gueutin C, Bourasset F, Zanna S, Vauthier C, Fattal E. Long-circulating perfluorooctyl bromide nanocapsules for tumor imaging by 19FMRI. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5593-602. [PMID: 22575831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PLGA-PEG nanocapsules containing a liquid core of perfluorooctyl bromide were synthesized by an emulsion-evaporation process and designed as contrast agents for (19)F MRI. Physico-chemical properties of plain and PEGylated nanocapsules were compared. The encapsulation efficiency of PFOB, estimated by (19)F NMR spectroscopy, is enhanced when using PLGA-PEG instead of PLGA. PLGA-PEG nanocapsule diameter, measured by Dynamic Light Scattering is around 120 nm, in agreement with Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) observations. TEM and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveal that spherical core-shell morphology is preserved. PEGylation is further confirmed by Zeta potential measurements and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. In vitro, stealthiness of the PEGylated nanocapsules is evidenced by weak complement activation. Accumulation kinetics in the liver and the spleen was performed by (19)F MRI in mice, during the first 90 min after intravenous injection. In the liver, plain nanocapsules accumulate faster than their PEGylated counterparts. We observe PEGylated nanocapsule accumulation in CT26 xenograft tumor 7 h after administration to mice, whereas plain nanocapsules remain undetectable, using (19)F MRI. Our results validate the use of diblock copolymers for PEGylation to increase the residence time of nanocapsules in the blood stream and to reach tumors by the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Diou
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, LabEx LERMIT, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
ZHANG LI, ZHANG LIANGFANG. LIPID–POLYMER HYBRID NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s179398441000016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been extensively explored in the past decade to develop a myriad of functional nanostructures to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents for various medical applications. Liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles represent two primary delivery vehicles that are currently under investigation. While many advantages of these two particle platforms have been disclosed, some intrinsic limitations remain to limit their applications at certain extent. Recently, a new type of nanoparticle platform, named lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticle, has been developed that combines the positive attributes of both liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles while excluding some of their shortages. This new nanoparticle consists of a hydrophobic polymeric core, a lipid shell surrounding the polymeric core, and a hydrophilic polymer stealth layer outside the lipid shell. In this review, we first introduce the synthesis and surface functionalization techniques of the lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticle, followed by a review of typical characterization of the particles. We then summarize the current and potential medical applications of this new nanoparticle as a delivery vehicle of therapeutic and imaging agents. Finally we highlight some challenges faced in further developing this robust delivery platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LI ZHANG
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - LIANGFANG ZHANG
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Kamaly N, Xiao Z, Valencia PM, Radovic-Moreno AF, Farokhzad OC. Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2971-3010. [PMID: 22388185 PMCID: PMC3684255 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1146] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric materials have been used in a range of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products for more than 40 years. These materials have evolved from their earlier use as biodegradable products such as resorbable sutures, orthopaedic implants, macroscale and microscale drug delivery systems such as microparticles and wafers used as controlled drug release depots, to multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of targeting, and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. These newer generations of targeted and controlled release polymeric NPs are now engineered to navigate the complex in vivo environment, and incorporate functionalities for achieving target specificity, control of drug concentration and exposure kinetics at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. Indeed this optimization of drug pharmacology as aided by careful design of multifunctional NPs can lead to improved drug safety and efficacy, and may be complimentary to drug enhancements that are traditionally achieved by medicinal chemistry. In this regard, polymeric NPs have the potential to result in a highly differentiated new class of therapeutics, distinct from the original active drugs used in their composition, and distinct from first generation NPs that largely facilitated drug formulation. A greater flexibility in the design of drug molecules themselves may also be facilitated following their incorporation into NPs, as drug properties (solubility, metabolism, plasma binding, biodistribution, target tissue accumulation) will no longer be constrained to the same extent by drug chemical composition, but also become in-part the function of the physicochemical properties of the NP. The combination of optimally designed drugs with optimally engineered polymeric NPs opens up the possibility of improved clinical outcomes that may not be achievable with the administration of drugs in their conventional form. In this critical review, we aim to provide insights into the design and development of targeted polymeric NPs and to highlight the challenges associated with the engineering of this novel class of therapeutics, including considerations of NP design optimization, development and biophysicochemical properties. Additionally, we highlight some recent examples from the literature, which demonstrate current trends and novel concepts in both the design and utility of targeted polymeric NPs (444 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Kamaly
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pedro M. Valencia
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aleksandar F. Radovic-Moreno
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Serum-stable, long-circulating paclitaxel-loaded colloidal carriers decorated with a new amphiphilic PEG derivative. Int J Pharm 2012; 426:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
108
|
Samanta S, Hezaveh S, Milano G, Roccatano D. Diffusion of 1,2-Dimethoxyethane and 1,2-Dimethoxypropane through Phosphatidycholine Bilayers: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5141-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211564x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susruta Samanta
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen,
Germany
| | - Samira Hezaveh
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen,
Germany
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno),
Italy
| | - Danilo Roccatano
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Alhareth K, Vauthier C, Bourasset F, Gueutin C, Ponchel G, Moussa F. Conformation of surface-decorating dextran chains affects the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:453-7. [PMID: 22465096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports showed that subtle modifications of nanoparticle surface properties induced dramatic changes of interactions with serum proteins. The present work was aimed to investigate the effect of the conformation of dextran chains decorating the surface of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles on the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution of a model drug associated with the nanoparticles. Doxorubicin was associated with PACA nanoparticles prepared by anionic emulsion polymerization (AEP) (Dox-AEP) and redox radical emulsion polymerization (RREP) (Dox-RREP). Nanoparticles and the free drug (f-Dox) were injected intravenously to rats to determine the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution of doxorubicin. Curves of the pharmacokinetics showed a rapid phase of distribution followed by a slower elimination phase. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the distribution phase determined for the Dox-RREP were significantly different from those of f-Dox and Dox-AEP, while no difference was observed in the elimination phase of the three formulations. Rats treated with Dox-RREP showed lower Dox concentrations in liver but higher concentrations in heart, lungs, and kidneys compared to those treated with the other formulations. Dox-RREP exhibited a new type of stealth behavior characterized by a short circulation time and a rapid distribution in highly vascularized organs bypassing the MPS. The difference in pharmacokinetic and biodistribution observed between the drugs formulated with the two types of nanoparticles was attributed to the difference in the conformation of the dextran chains stranded on the nanoparticle surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khairallah Alhareth
- Univ Paris Sud, Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR 8612, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Molino NM, Bilotkach K, Fraser DA, Ren D, Wang SW. Complement activation and cell uptake responses toward polymer-functionalized protein nanocapsules. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:974-81. [PMID: 22416762 DOI: 10.1021/bm300083e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling protein nanocapsules can be engineered for various bionanotechnology applications. Using the dodecahedral scaffold of the E2 subunit from pyruvate dehydrogenase, we introduced non-native surface cysteines for site-directed functionalization. The modified nanoparticle's structural, assembly, and thermostability properties were comparable to the wild-type scaffold (E2-WT), and after conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to these cysteines, the nanoparticle remained intact and stable up to 79.7 ± 1.8 °C. PEGylation of particles reduced uptake by human monocyte-derived macrophages and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, with decreased uptake as PEG chain length is increased. In vitro C4-depletion and C5a-production assays yielded 97.6 ± 10.8% serum C4 remaining and 40.1 ± 6.0 ng/mL C5a for E2-WT, demonstrating that complement activation is weak for non-PEGylated E2 nanoparticles. Conjugation of PEG to these particles moderately increased complement response to give 79.7 ± 6.0% C4 remaining and 87.6 ± 10.1 ng/mL C5a. Our results demonstrate that PEGylation of the E2 protein nanocapsules can modulate cellular uptake and induce low levels of complement activation, likely via the classical/lectin pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Molino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Temme S, Bönner F, Schrader J, Flögel U. 19
F magnetic resonance imaging of endogenous macrophages in inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:329-43. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
112
|
Dufort S, Sancey L, Coll JL. Physico-chemical parameters that govern nanoparticles fate also dictate rules for their molecular evolution. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:179-89. [PMID: 21983079 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are efficient to safely deliver therapeutic and imaging contrast agents to tumors for cancer diagnostic and therapy, if they can escape the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and accumulate in tumors either passively due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or actively via a specific ligand. The main hallmark of nanoparticles is their large surface areas, which, depending of their chemical compositions, surface coatings, electric charges, sizes and shapes, will generate complex, extremely dynamic and continuous interactions and exchanges between the nanoparticles and the different molecules present in the blood. Special attention will be paid to explain how the nanoparticles were improved step by step in order to adapt our increasing knowledge on their biophysics. In particular, we will discuss the influence of PEGylation, the difficulties to generate actively targeted particles and finally the actual trends in the manufacturing of "third-generation" smart particles.
Collapse
|
113
|
Nanomedicine for the prevention, treatment and imaging of atherosclerosis. Maturitas 2012; 73:52-60. [PMID: 22261366 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, with an increasing prevalence due to an aging population. The pathology underpinning CVD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory state involving the arterial wall. Accumulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) laden macrophages in the arterial wall and their subsequent transformation into foam cells lead to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Progression of atherosclerotic lesions may gradually lead to plaque related complications and clinically manifest as acute vascular syndromes including acute myocardial or cerebral ischemia. Nanotechnology offers emerging therapeutic strategies, which may have advantage overclassical treatments for atherosclerosis. In this review, we present the potential applications of nanotechnology toward prevention, identification and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
114
|
Bertrand N, Leroux JC. The journey of a drug-carrier in the body: an anatomo-physiological perspective. J Control Release 2011; 161:152-63. [PMID: 22001607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in chemistry and material sciences have witnessed the emergence of an increasing number of novel and complex nanosized carriers for the delivery of drugs and imaging agents. Nevertheless, this raise in complexity does not necessarily offer more efficient systems. The lack of performance experienced by several colloidal drug carriers during the preclinical and clinical development processes can be explained by inadequate pharmacokinetic/biodistribution profiles and/or unacceptable toxicities. A comprehensive understanding of the body characteristics is necessary to predict and prevent these problems from the early stages of nanomaterial conception. In this manuscript, we review and discuss the anatomical and physiological elements which must be taken into account when designing new carriers for delivery or imaging purposes. This article gives a general overview of the main organs involved in the elimination of nanosized materials and briefly summarizes the knowledge acquired over more than 30 years of research and development in the field of drug targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bertrand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | | |
Collapse
|
115
|
Complement activation by carbon nanotubes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1031-41. [PMID: 21669239 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube interaction with an important part of the innate immune system, complement, needs to be taken into account when envisaging their use in biomedical applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and other synthetic materials are recognized by various components of the complement system in human or mammalian blood and also collectins in the lungs. Modification of the surface chemistry of CNTs alters their interactions with complement proteins and collectins. Functionalizations of CNTs which have been tested so far do not completely prevent complement activation or plasma protein binding. The interaction of the functionalized CNTs with the complement system proteins in blood may influence the adhesion of CNTs to phagocytic cells and red blood cells. Excessive activation of complement can have a harmful effect on human tissues and therefore significantly limit CNT applications in biomedicine.
Collapse
|
116
|
Wang M, Gartel AL. Micelle-encapsulated thiostrepton as an effective nanomedicine for inhibiting tumor growth and for suppressing FOXM1 in human xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2287-97. [PMID: 21903609 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The thiazole antiobiotic, thiostrepton, has been found to induce cell death in cancer cells through proteasome inhibition. As a proteasome inhibitor, thiostrepton has also been shown to suppress the expression of FOXM1, the oncogenic forkhead transcription factor overexpressed in cancer cells. In this study, we explored the potential in vivo anticancer properties of thiostrepton, delivered through nanoparticle encapsulation to xenograft models of breast and liver cancer. We encapsulated thiostrepton into micelles assembled from amphiphilic lipid-PEG (polyethylene glycol) molecules, where thiostrepton is solubilized within the inner lipid compartment of the micelle. Upon assembly, hydrophobic thiostrepton molecules are solubilized into the lipid component of the micelle shell, formed through the self-assembly of amphipilic lipid-PEG molecules. Maximum accumulation of micelle-thiostrepton nanoparticles (100 nm in diameter, -16 mV in zeta potential) into tumors was found at 4 hours postadministration and was retained for at least 24 hours. Upon continuous treatment, we found that nanoparticle-encapsulated thiostrepton reduced tumor growth rates of MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cancer xenografts. Furthermore, we show for the first time the in vivo suppression of the oncogenic FOXM1 after treatment with proteasome inhibitors. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining also showed increased apoptosis in the treated tumors, as indicated by cleaved caspase-3 expression. Our data suggest that the thiazole antibiotic/proteasome inhibitor thiostrepton, when formulated into nanoparticles, may be highly suited as a nanomedicine for treating human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840, S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
França A, Aggarwal P, Barsov EV, Kozlov SV, Dobrovolskaia MA, González-Fernández Á. Macrophage scavenger receptor A mediates the uptake of gold colloids by macrophages in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1175-88. [PMID: 21675859 PMCID: PMC3912350 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS While numerous studies have reported on nanoparticle uptake by phagocytic cells, the mechanisms of this uptake are poorly understood. A metastudy of research focusing on biological particulate matter has postulated that nanoparticles cannot be phagocytosed and therefore must enter cells via pinocytosis. The purpose of this study was to identify the route(s) of uptake of gold nanoparticles in vitro and to determine if these route(s) depend on particle size. MATERIALS & METHODS The parent RAW264.7 cell line and its derivatives, transduced with a virus carrying siRNA to macrophage scavenger receptor A, were used as model phagocytes. Citrate-stabilized gold colloids were used as model nanoparticles. We used chemical inhibitors known to interfere with specific routes of particulate uptake. We developed multifocal light microscopy methods including multifocal stack analysis with NIH ImageJ software to analyze cell uptake. RESULTS Irrespective of size, gold nanoparticles are internalized by macrophages via multiple routes, including both phagocytosis and pinocytosis. If either route was blocked, the particles entered cells via the other route. CONCLUSION Gold nanoparticles with hydrodynamic sizes below 100 nm can be phagocytosed. Phagocytosis of anionic gold colloids by RAW264.7 cells is mediated by macrophage scavenger receptor A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela França
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra. Spain
| | - Parag Aggarwal
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eugene V Barsov
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra. Spain
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Huynh NT, Morille M, Bejaud J, Legras P, Vessieres A, Jaouen G, Benoit JP, Passirani C. Treatment of 9L Gliosarcoma in Rats by Ferrociphenol-Loaded Lipid Nanocapsules Based on a Passive Targeting Strategy via the EPR Effect. Pharm Res 2011; 28:3189-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
119
|
Grogna M, Cloots R, Luxen A, Jérôme C, Passirani C, Lautram N, Desreux JF, Detrembleur C. Convenient grafting through approach for the preparation of stealth polymeric blood pool magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
120
|
Cavadas M, González-Fernández A, Franco R. Pathogen-mimetic stealth nanocarriers for drug delivery: a future possibility. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:730-43. [PMID: 21658473 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) is a major constraint to nanocarrier-based drug-delivery systems (DDS) by exerting a negative impact on blood circulation times and biodistribution. Current approaches rely on the protein- and cell-repelling properties of inert hydrophilic polymers, to enable escape from the MPS. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been particularly useful in this regard, and it also exerts positive effects in other blood compatibility parameters, being correlated with decreased hemolysis, thrombogenicity, complement activation and protein adsorption, due to its uncharged and hydrophilic nature. However, PEGylated nanocarriers are commonly found in the liver and spleen, the major MPS organs. In fact, a hydrophilic and cell-repelling delivery system is not always beneficial, as it might decrease the interaction with the target cell and hinder drug release. Here, a full scope of the immunological and biochemical barriers is presented along with some selected examples of alternatives to PEGylation. We present a novel conceptual approach that includes virulence factors for the engineering of bioactive, immune system-evasive stealth nanocarriers. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The efficacy of nanocarrier-based drug-delivery systems is often dampened by the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS). Current approaches to circumvent MPS rely on protein- and cell-repelling properties of inert hydrophilic polymers, including PEG. This paper discusses the full scope of the immunological and biochemical barriers along with selected examples of alternatives to PEGylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cavadas
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Cajot S, Lautram N, Passirani C, Jérôme C. Design of reversibly core cross-linked micelles sensitive to reductive environment. J Control Release 2011; 152:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
122
|
Grogna M, Cloots R, Luxen A, Jérôme C, Passirani C, Lautram N, Desreux JF, Collodoro M, De Pauw-Gillet MC, Detrembleur C. Stealth macromolecular platforms for the design of MRI blood pool contrast agents. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
123
|
Neun BW, Dobrovolskaia MA. Qualitative analysis of total complement activation by nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 697:237-45. [PMID: 21116973 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-198-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes a method for qualitative detection of complement activation by western blot. This method uses the cleavage product of the C3 component as a marker for complement activation by any pathway. In this protocol, human plasma is exposed to nanoparticles and then analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by western blot with anti-C3-specific antibodies. These antibodies recognize both the native C3 component of complement and its cleavage products. The amounts of C3 and the C3 cleavage products are compared to the amounts in control (untreated) plasma and to plasma treated with a positive control to provide a quick and inexpensive qualitative assessment of complement activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
124
|
Perrier T, Saulnier P, Benoît JP. Methods for the Functionalisation of Nanoparticles: New Insights and Perspectives. Chemistry 2010; 16:11516-29. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
125
|
Alhareth K, Vauthier C, Gueutin C, Ponchel G, Moussa F. Doxorubicin loading and in vitro release from poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles produced by redox radical emulsion polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
126
|
Nowacek AS, Miller RL, McMillan J, Kanmogne G, Kanmogne M, Mosley RL, Ma Z, Graham S, Chaubal M, Werling J, Rabinow B, Dou H, Gendelman HE. NanoART synthesis, characterization, uptake, release and toxicology for human monocyte-macrophage drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 4:903-17. [PMID: 19958227 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors limiting the efficacy of conventional antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection include treatment adherence, pharmacokinetics and penetration into viral sanctuaries. These affect the rate of viral mutation and drug resistance. In attempts to bypass such limitations, nanoparticles containing ritonavir, indinavir and efavirenz (described as nanoART) were manufactured to assess macrophage-based drug delivery. METHODS NanoART were made by high-pressure homogenization of crystalline drug with various surfactants. Size, charge and shape of the nanoparticles were assessed. Monocyte-derived macrophage nanoART uptake, drug release, migration and cytotoxicity were determined. Drug levels were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Efficient monocyte-derived macrophage cytoplasmic vesicle uptake in less than 30 min based on size, charge and coating was observed. Antiretroviral drugs were released over 14 days and showed dose-dependent reduction in progeny virion production and HIV-1 p24 antigen. Cytotoxicities resulting from nanoART carriage were limited. CONCLUSION These results support the continued development of macrophage-mediated nanoART carriage for HIV-1 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari S Nowacek
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
127
|
Toxicological Study and Efficacy of Blank and Paclitaxel-Loaded Lipid Nanocapsules After i.v. Administration in Mice. Pharm Res 2010; 27:421-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-0024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
128
|
Long-circulating DNA lipid nanocapsules as new vector for passive tumor targeting. Biomaterials 2010; 31:321-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
129
|
Grogna M, Cloots R, Luxen A, Jérôme C, Passirani C, Lautram N, Desreux JF, Detrembleur C. Polymer micelles decorated by gadolinium complexes as MRI blood contrast agents: design, synthesis and properties. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
130
|
Paillard A, Passirani C, Saulnier P, Kroubi M, Garcion E, Benoît JP, Betbeder D. Positively-charged, porous, polysaccharide nanoparticles loaded with anionic molecules behave as 'stealth' cationic nanocarriers. Pharm Res 2010; 27:126-33. [PMID: 19851846 PMCID: PMC2901554 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stealth nanoparticles are generally obtained after modifying their surface with hydrophilic polymers, such as PEG. In this study, we analysed the effect of a phospholipid (DG) or protein (BSA) inclusion in porous cationic polysaccharide (NP(+)) on their physico-chemical structure and the effect on complement activation. METHODS NP(+)s were characterised in terms of size, zeta potential (zeta) and static light scattering (SLS). Complement consumption was assessed in normal human serum (NHS) by measuring the residual haemolytic capacity of the complement system. RESULTS DG loading did not change their size or zeta, whereas progressive BSA loading lightly decreased their zeta. An electrophoretic mobility analysis study showed the presence of two differently-charged sublayers at the NP(+) surface which are not affected by DG loading. Complement system activation, studied via a CH50 test, was suppressed by DG or BSA loading. We also demonstrated that NP(+)s could be loaded by a polyanionic molecule, such as BSA, after their preliminary filling by a hydrophobic molecule, such as DG. CONCLUSION These nanoparticles are able to absorb large amounts of phospholipids or proteins without change in their size or zeta potential. Complement studies showed that stealth behaviour is observed when they are loaded and saturated either with anionic phospholipid or proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archibald Paillard
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
| | - Catherine Passirani
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
| | - Maya Kroubi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie
Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II : EA26891 place de Verdun 59045 LILLE Cedex,FR
| | - Emmanuel Garcion
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
| | - Jean-Pierre Benoît
- Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire
INSERM : U646Université d'AngersBatiment IBT 10, Rue Andre Boquel 49100 ANGERS,FR
| | - Didier Betbeder
- Laboratoire de Physiologie
Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II : EA26891 place de Verdun 59045 LILLE Cedex,FR
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Díaz-López R, Tsapis N, Santin M, Bridal SL, Nicolas V, Jaillard D, Libong D, Chaminade P, Marsaud V, Vauthier C, Fattal E. The performance of PEGylated nanocapsules of perfluorooctyl bromide as an ultrasound contrast agent. Biomaterials 2009; 31:1723-31. [PMID: 19948357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The surface of polymeric nanocapsules used as ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) was modified with PEGylated phospholipids in order to escape recognition and clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system and achieve passive tumor targeting. Nanocapsules consisted of a shell of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) encapsulating a liquid core of perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB). They were decorated with poly(ethylene glycol-2000)-grafted distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG) incorporated in the organic phase before the solvent emulsification-evaporation process. The influence of DSPE-PEG concentration on nanocapsule size, surface charge, morphology, hydrophobicity and complement activation was evaluated. Zeta potential measurements, Hydrophobic interaction chromatography and complement activation provide evidence of DSPE-PEG presence at nanocapsule surface. Electronic microscopy reveals that the core/shell structure is preserved up to 2.64 mg of DSPE-PEG for 100 mg PLGA. In vivo ultrasound imaging was performed in mice bearing xenograft tumor with MIA PaCa-2 cells, either after an intra-tumoral or intravenous injection of nanocapsules. Tumor was observed only after the intra-tumoral injection. Despite the absence of echogenic signal in the tumor after intravenous injection of nanocapsules, histological analysis reveals their accumulation within the tumor tissue demonstrating that tissue distribution is not the unique property required for ultrasound contrast agents to be efficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Díaz-López
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, IFR 141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
Morille M, Passirani C, Letrou-Bonneval E, Benoit JP, Pitard B. Galactosylated DNA lipid nanocapsules for efficient hepatocyte targeting. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
133
|
Hillaireau H, Couvreur P. Nanocarriers' entry into the cell: relevance to drug delivery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2873-96. [PMID: 19499185 PMCID: PMC11115599 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1047] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers offer unique possibilities to overcome cellular barriers in order to improve the delivery of various drugs and drug candidates, including the promising therapeutic biomacromolecules (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins). There are various mechanisms of nanocarrier cell internalization that are dramatically influenced by nanoparticles' physicochemical properties. Depending on the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking, different pharmacological applications may be considered. This review will discuss these opportunities, starting with the phagocytosis pathway, which, being increasingly well characterized and understood, has allowed several successes in the treatment of certain cancers and infectious diseases. On the other hand, the non-phagocytic pathways encompass various complicated mechanisms, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis, which are more challenging to control for pharmaceutical drug delivery applications. Nevertheless, various strategies are being actively investigated in order to tailor nanocarriers able to deliver anticancer agents, nucleic acids, proteins and peptides for therapeutic applications by these non-phagocytic routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Hillaireau
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 40 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud 11, IFR 141, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay Malabry, France
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Socha M, Bartecki P, Passirani C, Sapin A, Damgé C, Lecompte T, Barré J, Ghazouani FE, Maincent P. Stealth nanoparticles coated with heparin as peptide or protein carriers. J Drug Target 2009; 17:575-85. [DOI: 10.1080/10611860903112909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Socha
- Nancy-Université, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - P. Bartecki
- Nancy-Université, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - C. Passirani
- INSERM U646, Faculty of Pharmacy, Angers, France
| | - A. Sapin
- Nancy-Université, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - C. Damgé
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - T. Lecompte
- CHU de Nancy, Nancy-Université, Inserm U 961, Fédération de Recherche, Bioingéniereie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Nancy, France
| | - J. Barré
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier intercommunal, Créteil cedex, France
| | - F. El Ghazouani
- Nancy-Université, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - P. Maincent
- Nancy-Université, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Nancy Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Scheper V, Wolf M, Scholl M, Kadlecova Z, Perrier T, Klok HA, Saulnier P, Lenarz T, Stöver T. Potential novel drug carriers for inner ear treatment: hyperbranched polylysine and lipid nanocapsules. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:623-35. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Treatment of sensorineural hearing loss could be advanced using novel drug carriers such as hyperbranched polylysine (HBPL) or lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). This study examined HBPL and LNCs for their cellular uptake and possible toxicity in vitro and in vivo as the first step in developing novel nanosized multifunctional carriers. Method: Having incubated HBPL and LNCs with fibroblasts, nanoparticle uptake and cell viability were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescence measurements and neutral red staining. In vivo, electrophysiology, confocal laser scanning microscopy and cytocochleograms were performed for nanoparticle detection and also toxicity studies after intracochlear application. Results: Both nanoparticles were detectable in the fibroblasts’ cytoplasm without causing cytotoxic effects. After in vivo application they were visualized in cochlear cells, which did not lead to a change in hearing threshold or loss of hair cells. Biocompatibility and traceability were demonstrated for HBPL and LNCs. Thus, they comply with the basic requirements for drug carriers for potential application in the inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Scholl
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, MXD 135 (Bâtiment MX-D), Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Kadlecova
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, MXD 135 (Bâtiment MX-D), Switzerland
| | - Thomas Perrier
- Université Angers – INSERM U646, Laboratoires Annuaires Ingénierie de la Vectorisation Particulaire, France
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, MXD 135 (Bâtiment MX-D), Switzerland
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- Université Angers – INSERM U646, Laboratoires Annuaires Ingénierie de la Vectorisation Particulaire, France
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo Stöver
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Huynh NT, Passirani C, Saulnier P, Benoit JP. Lipid nanocapsules: a new platform for nanomedicine. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:201-9. [PMID: 19409468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine, an emerging new field created by the fusion of nanotechnology and medicine, is one of the most promising pathways for the development of effective targeted therapies with oncology being the earlier and the most notable beneficiary to date. Indeed, drug-loaded nanoparticles provide an ideal solution to overcome the low selectivity of the anticancer drugs towards the cancer cells in regards to normal cells and the induced severe side-effects, thanks to their passive and/or active targeting to cancer tissues. Liposome-based systems encapsulating drugs are already used in some cancer therapies (e.g. Myocet, Daunoxome, Doxil). But liposomes have some important drawbacks: they have a low capacity to encapsulate lipophilic drugs (even though it exists), they are manufactured through processes involving organic solvents, and they are leaky, unstable in biological fluids and more generally in aqueous solutions for being commercialized as such. We have developed new nano-cargos, the lipid nanocapsules, with sizes below the endothelium fenestration (phi<100 nm), that solve these disadvantages. They are prepared according to a solvent-free process and they are stable for at least one year in suspension ready for injection, which should reduce considerably the cost and convenience for treatment. Moreover, these new nano-cargos have the ability to encapsulate efficiently lipophilic drugs, offering a pharmaceutical solution for their intravenous administration. The lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) have been prepared according to an original method based on a phase-inversion temperature process recently developed and patented. Their structure is a hybrid between polymeric nanocapsules and liposomes because of their oily core which is surrounded by a tensioactive rigid membrane. They have a lipoprotein-like structure. Their size can be adjusted below 100 nm with a narrow distribution. Importantly, these properties confer great stability to the structure (physical stability>18 months). Blank or drug-loaded LNCs can be prepared, with or without PEG (polyethyleneglycol)ylation that is a key parameter that affects the vascular residence time of the nano-cargos. Other hydrophilic tails can also be grafted. Different anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, docetaxel, etoposide, hydroxytamoxifen, doxorubicin, etc.) have been encapsulated. They all are released according to a sustained pattern. Preclinical studies on cell cultures and animal models of tumors have been performed, showing promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N T Huynh
- Inserm U646, Université d'Angers, 10 rue André Boquel, F-49100 Angers, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Vonarbourg A, Passirani C, Desigaux L, Allard E, Saulnier P, Lambert O, Benoit JP, Pitard B. The encapsulation of DNA molecules within biomimetic lipid nanocapsules. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3197-204. [PMID: 19329183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most of DNA synthetic complexes result from the self-assembly of DNA molecules with cationic lipids or polymers in an aqueous controlled medium. However, injection of such self-assembled complexes in medium like blood that differ from that of their formulation leads to strong instability. Therefore, DNA vectors that have physico-chemical properties and structural organisation that will not be sensitive to a completely different medium in terms of ionic and protein composition are actively sought. To this end, the goal here was to discover and optimize a nanostructured system where DNA molecules would be encapsulated in nanocapsules consisting in an oily core and a shell covered by PEG stretches obtained through a nanoemulsion process in the absence of organic solvent. This encapsulation form of DNA molecules would prevent interactions with external hostile biological fluid. The results show the entrapment of lipoplexes into lipid nanocapsules, leading to the formation of neutral 110 nm-DNA nanocapsules. They were weakly removed by the immune system, displaying an increased blood half-life, and improved carcinoma cell transfection, in comparison to the parent lipoplexes. Our results demonstrate that the fabrication of nanocapsules encapsulating hydrophilic DNA in an oily core that meet criteria for blood injection is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Vonarbourg
- INSERM, U646, Université d'Angers, 10 rue André Boquel, Angers F-49100, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Jiskoot W, van Schie RMF, Carstens MG, Schellekens H. Immunological Risk of Injectable Drug Delivery Systems. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1303-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
139
|
Schmidt JJ, Rowley J, Kong HJ. Hydrogels used for cell-based drug delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 87:1113-22. [PMID: 18837425 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells, progenitor cells, and lineage-committed cells are being considered as a new generation of drug depots for the sustained release of therapeutic biomolecules. Hydrogels are often used in conjunction with the therapeutic secreting cells to provide a physical barrier to protect the cells from hostile extrinsic factors. Although the hydrogels significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted cells, there have been no successful products commercialized based on these technologies. Recently, biomaterials are increasingly designed to provide cells with both a physical barrier and an extracellular matrix to further improve the secretion of therapeutic proteins from cells. This review will discuss (1) the cell encapsulation process, (2) the immunogenicity of the encapsulating hydrogel, (3) the transport properties of the hydrogel, (4) the hydrogel mechanical properties, and will propose new strategies to improve the hydrogel and cell interaction for successful cell-based drug delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Schmidt
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61822, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
|
141
|
Sant S, Poulin S, Hildgen P. Effect of polymer architecture on surface properties, plasma protein adsorption, and cellular interactions of pegylated nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 87:885-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
142
|
Allard E, Passirani C, Garcion E, Pigeon P, Vessières A, Jaouen G, Benoit JP. Lipid nanocapsules loaded with an organometallic tamoxifen derivative as a novel drug-carrier system for experimental malignant gliomas. J Control Release 2008; 130:146-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
143
|
Latulippe DR, Molek JR, Zydney AL. Importance of Biopolymer Molecular Flexibility in Ultrafiltration Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8005337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Latulippe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jessica R. Molek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Dobrovolskaia MA, Aggarwal P, Hall JB, McNeil SE. Preclinical studies to understand nanoparticle interaction with the immune system and its potential effects on nanoparticle biodistribution. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:487-95. [PMID: 18510338 DOI: 10.1021/mp800032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have unique physicochemical properties which make them promising platforms for drug delivery. However, immune cells in the bloodstream (such as monocytes, platelets, leukocytes, and dendritic cells) and in tissues (such as resident phagocytes) have a propensity to engulf and eliminate certain nanoparticles. A nanoparticle's interaction with plasma proteins (opsonins) and blood components (via hemolysis, thrombogenicity and complement activation) may influence uptake and clearance and hence potentially affect distribution and delivery to the intended target sites. Nanoparticle uptake by the immune cells is influenced by many factors. Different nanoparticles have been shown to act on different pathways, while various characteristics/properties also affect which pathway is employed for particle internalization. Nanoparticle protein binding occurs almost instantaneously once the particle enters biological medium, and the physical properties of such a particle-protein complex are often different than those of the formulated particle. These new properties can contribute to different biological responses and change nanoparticle biodistribution. Therefore, in the situation when specific delivery to immune cells is not desired, the ideal nanoparticle platform is the one whose integrity is not disturbed in the complex biological environment, which provides extended circulation in the blood to maximize delivery to the target site, is not toxic to blood cellular components, and is "invisible" to the immune cells which can remove it from circulation. This review discusses the most recent data on nanoparticle interactions with blood components and how particle size and surface charge define their hematocompatibility. This includes properties which determine particle interaction with plasma proteins and uptake by macrophages. We will also provide an overview of in vitro methods useful in identifying interactions with components of the immune system and the potential effects of such interaction on particle distribution to tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Sun G, Hagooly A, Xu J, Nyström AM, Li Z, Rossin R, Moore DA, Wooley KL, Welch MJ. Facile, efficient approach to accomplish tunable chemistries and variable biodistributions for shell cross-linked nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1997-2006. [PMID: 18510359 DOI: 10.1021/bm800246x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo behavior of shell cross-linked knedel-like (SCK) nanoparticles is shown to be tunable via a straightforward and versatile process that advances SCKs as attractive nanoscale carriers in the field of nanomedicine. Tuning of the pharmacokinetics was accomplished by grafting varied numbers of methoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) chains to the amphiphilic block copolymer precursors, together with chelators for the radioactive tracer and therapeutic agent (64)Cu, followed by self-assembly into block copolymer micelles and chemical cross-linking throughout the shell regions. (64)Cu-radiolabeling was then performed to evaluate the SCKs in vivo by means of biodistribution experiments and positron emission tomography (PET). It was found that the blood retention of PEGylated SCKs could be tuned, depending on the mPEG grafting density and the nanoparticle surface properties. A semiquantitative model of the density of mPEG surface coverage as a function of in vivo behavior was applied to enhance the understanding of this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Biocompatibility of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles conjugated with alendronate. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1400-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
147
|
Hall JB, Dobrovolskaia MA, Patri AK, McNeil SE. Characterization of nanoparticles for therapeutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2008; 2:789-803. [PMID: 18095846 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.6.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers many advantages to traditional drug design, delivery and medical diagnostics; however, nanomedicines present considerable challenges for preclinical development. Nanoparticle constructs intended for medical applications consist of a wide variety of materials, and their small size, unique physicochemical properties and biological activity often require modification of standard characterization techniques. A rational characterization strategy for nanomedicines includes physicochemical characterization, sterility and pyrogenicity assessment, biodistribution (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion [ADME]) and toxicity characterization, which includes both in vitro tests and in vivo animal studies. Here, we highlight progress for a few methods that are uniquely useful for nanoparticles or are indicative of their toxicity or efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Hall
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, NCI-Frederick, 1050 Boyles St., Bldg. 469, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Pharmaceutical Micelles: Combining Longevity, Stability, and Stimuli Sensitivity. MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL NANOCARRIERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76554-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
149
|
Dobrovolskaia MA, McNeil SE. Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 2:469-78. [PMID: 18654343 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2007.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1165] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Most research on the toxicology of nanomaterials has focused on the effects of nanoparticles that enter the body accidentally. There has been much less research on the toxicology of nanoparticles that are used for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery or imaging, in which the nanoparticles are deliberately placed in the body. Moreover, there are no harmonized standards for assessing the toxicity of nanoparticles to the immune system (immunotoxicity). Here we review recent research on immunotoxicity, along with data on a range of nanotechnology-based drugs that are at different stages in the approval process. Research shows that nanoparticles can stimulate and/or suppress the immune responses, and that their compatibility with the immune system is largely determined by their surface chemistry. Modifying these factors can significantly reduce the immunotoxicity of nanoparticles and make them useful platforms for drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, NCI-Frederick, 1050 Boyles St, Bldg 469, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Quaglia F, Ostacolo L, De Rosa G, La Rotonda MI, Ammendola M, Nese G, Maglio G, Palumbo R, Vauthier C. Nanoscopic core-shell drug carriers made of amphiphilic triblock and star-diblock copolymers. Int J Pharm 2006; 324:56-66. [PMID: 16920288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 07/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to design injectable nanocarriers for drug delivery based on PCL-PEO amphiphilic block copolymers with linear ABA triblock and 4-armed (BA)(4) star-diblock architectures (A=PEO, B=PCL). The copolymers were obtained by coupling of a monofunctional -COOH end-capped PEO (M(n)=2.0kDa) with linear or 4-armed star-shaped PCL macromers bearing -OH terminal groups and were characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. DSC and X-ray diffraction experiments showed that separate crystalline phases of PCL and PEO are present in bulk copolymers. Nanoparticles were produced by nanoprecipitation (NP) and by a new melting-sonication procedure (MS) without the use of toxic solvents, and characterized for size, polydispersity, zeta potential and core-shell structure. Nanoparticles were loaded with all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) as a model drug and their release features assessed. Results demonstrate that both techniques allow the formation of PEO-coated nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter that is larger for nanoparticles prepared by MS. atRA is released from nanoparticles at controlled rates depending on size, loading and, more important, preparation technique, being release rate faster for MS nanoparticles. Some biorelevant properties of the carrier such as complement activation were finally explored to predict their circulation time after intravenous injection. It is demonstrated that nanoparticles prepared by MS do not activate complement and are of great interest for future in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Quaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|