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Widmer HR. Combination of cell transplantation and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting encapsulated cells in Parkinson's disease. Brain Circ 2018; 4:114-117. [PMID: 30450417 PMCID: PMC6187948 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_19_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A major limitation of cell transplantation for Parkinson's disease (PD) is the mediocre survival of the grafted cells. Facilitating graft survival may improve the functional outcomes of the transplanted cells. Here, we discuss our observations that combination of rat fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue and encapsulated cells that secrete glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhanced graft function in an animal model of PD. We described significant 2-fold increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) cells per graft, as well as 1.7-fold and 9-fold increments in TH-ir fiber outgrowth into the host brain and toward the capsule with combined transplants and GDNF capsules as opposed to the VM transplants and mock-capsule group. These findings demonstrate that encapsulated GDNF-secreting cells improve graft survival that may optimize functional benefits for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans R Widmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Inselspital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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102
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Aqueous Extract of Davallia mariesii Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis in B35 Cells Through Inhibition of Caspase Cascade and Activation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Pathway. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101449. [PMID: 30301204 PMCID: PMC6213869 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal ferns of Polydiaceae and Davalliaceae species are called "Gusuibu" by Chinese physicians and used as antiaging dietary medicines. Our previous report revealed that Drynaria fortunei (Polydiaceae) protected against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced oxidative damage via the PI3K/AKT pathway in B35 neuroblastoma cells. The present study compares the antioxidant phytoconstituent contents and radical scavenging capacities of five Davalliaceae species. The further aim was to clarify the protective mechanism of Davallia mariesii (DM) against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in B35 cells. The results show that Araiostegia perdurans (AP) and DM extracts have better radical scavenging capacities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) than other Davalliaceae species. However, only DM extract inhibited 6-OHDA autoxidation under cell-free systems and increased cell viability, compared to B35 cells solely exposed to 6-OHDA. DM extract decreased apoptosis and restored mitochondrial expression in 6-OHDA-treated B35 cells. Additional data indicated that DM extract decreased intracellular ROS and nitric oxide levels generated by 6-OHDA exposure. DM extract also restored glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and reductase, and then decreased the elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Finally, DM extract regulated the protein expression of the caspase cascade and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathways. These results suggest that the protective mechanism of DM extract against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis might be related to its radical scavenging capacity, maintaining the mitochondrial function to inhibit the Bcl-2/caspase cascade pathway and activating intracellular antioxidant defenses (GSH recycling, HO-1 and NQO-1) by modulating the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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103
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Wu HF, Kao LT, Shih JH, Kao HH, Chou YC, Li IH, Kao S. Pioglitazone use and Parkinson's disease: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023302. [PMID: 30158237 PMCID: PMC6119417 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many researchers have expected pioglitazone to serve as an effective neuroprotective agent against Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, we conducted this cohort study to investigate the association between pioglitazone use and PD by using a large Asian population-based dataset in Taiwan. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS 7906 patients with diabetes who had received pioglitazone were defined as the study cohort, and 7906 matched patients with diabetes who had not received pioglitazone were defined as the comparison cohort. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We tracked each patient individually over a 5-year follow-up period to identify those diagnosed as having PD during this period. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to evaluate the HRs for PD between the study and comparison cohorts. RESULTS The findings indicated that among the sampled patients, PD occurred in 257 (1.63%): 119 (1.51%) pioglitazone users and 138 (1.75%) non-users. The adjusted HR for PD within the follow-up period was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.18) in the patients who had received pioglitazone compared with the matched patients who had not received pioglitazone. Moreover, this study revealed that pioglitazone use was not associated with PD incidence in men (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.59) or women (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.15). CONCLUSIONS This study did not find the relationship between pioglitazone use and PD incidence, regardless of sex, among an Asian population of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Feng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hu Shih
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsun Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Senyeong Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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104
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Perez-Bouza A, Di Santo S, Seiler S, Meyer M, Andereggen L, Huber A, Guzman R, Widmer HR. Simultaneous Transplantation of Fetal Ventral Mesencephalic Tissue and Encapsulated Genetically Modified Cells Releasing GDNF in a Hemi-Parkinsonian Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1572-1581. [PMID: 29113462 PMCID: PMC5680950 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717721202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) neurons for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is limited by poor survival and suboptimal integration of grafted tissue into the host brain. In a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD, we investigated the feasibility of simultaneous transplantation of rat fetal VM tissue and polymer-encapsulated C2C12 myoblasts genetically modified to produce glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or mock-transfected myoblasts on graft function. Amphetamine-induced rotations were assessed prior to transplantation and 2, 4, 6 and 9 wk posttransplantation. We found that rats grafted with VM transplants and GDNF capsules showed a significant functional recovery 4 wk after implantation. In contrast, rats from the VM transplant and mock-capsule group did not improve at any time point analyzed. Moreover, we detected a significantly higher number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) cells per graft (2-fold), a tendency for a larger graft volume and an overall higher TH-ir fiber outgrowth into the host brain (1.7-fold) in the group with VM transplants and GDNF capsules as compared to the VM transplant and mock-capsule group. Most prominent was the TH-ir fiber outgrowth toward the capsule (9-fold). Grafting of GDNF-pretreated VM transplants in combination with the implantation of GDNF capsules resulted in a tendency for a higher TH-ir fiber outgrowth into the host brain (1.7-fold) as compared to the group transplanted with untreated VM transplants and GDNF capsules. No differences between groups were observed for the number of surviving TH-ir neurons or graft volume. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that simultaneous transplantation of fetal VM tissue and encapsulated GDNF-releasing cells is feasible and support the graft survival and function. Pretreatment of donor tissue with GDNF may offer a way to further improve cell transplantation approaches for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Perez-Bouza
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Di Santo
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Seiler
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Morten Meyer
- 2 Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lukas Andereggen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Huber
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,3 Present address: Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans R Widmer
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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105
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Baltussen LL, Rosianu F, Ultanir SK. Kinases in synaptic development and neurological diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:343-352. [PMID: 29241837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal morphogenesis and synapse development is essential for building a functioning nervous system, and defects in these processes are associated with neurological disorders. Our understanding of molecular components and signalling events that contribute to neuronal development and pathogenesis is limited. Genes associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases provide entry points for elucidating molecular events that contribute to these conditions. Several protein kinases, enzymes that regulate protein function by phosphorylating their substrates, are genetically linked to neurological disorders. Identifying substrates of these kinases is key to discovering their function and providing insight for possible therapies. In this review, we describe how various methods for kinase-substrate identification helped elucidate kinase signalling pathways important for neuronal development and function. We describe recent advances on roles of kinases TAOK2, TNIK and CDKL5 in neuronal development and the converging pathways of LRRK2, PINK1 and GAK in Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Baltussen
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Rosianu
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.
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106
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Song Y, Liu Y, Chen X. MiR-212 Attenuates MPP⁺-Induced Neuronal Damage by Targeting KLF4 in SH-SY5Y Cells. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:416-424. [PMID: 29611404 PMCID: PMC5889994 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.3.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-dependent neurodegenerative disease. MiR-212 has been demonstrated to exert protective effects in several neurological disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-212 in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells were applied as a PD model in vitro. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of miR-212 and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) mRNA. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein levels of KLF4, Notch1 and Jagged1. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative analysis of caspase-3 activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was conducted with corresponding ELISA kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to evaluate the relationship between miR-212 and KLF4. RESULTS MiR-212 was downregulated in MPP⁺-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Also, miR-212 alleviated MPP⁺-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage, embodied by increased cell viability, decreased caspase-3 activity, LDH release, ROS production, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression, as well as elevated SOD levels. KLF4 was a direct target of miR-212, and miR-212 repressed KLF4 expression in a post-transcriptional manner. Moreover, miR-212-mediated protection effects were abated following KLF4 expression restoration in MPP⁺-induced SH-SY5Y cells, represented as lowered cell viability and enhanced apoptotic rate. Furthermore, Notch signaling was involved in the regulation of miR-212/KLF4 axis in MPP⁺-induced SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSION miR-212 might attenuate MPP⁺-induced neuronal damage by regulating KLF4/Notch signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells, a promising target for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Song
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Hua Mei Branch of the Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Hua Mei Branch of the Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Hua Mei Branch of the Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, China.
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107
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Ding X, Stasi LP, Ho MH, Zhao B, Wang H, Long K, Xu Q, Sang Y, Sun C, Hu H, Yu H, Wan Z, Wang L, Edge C, Liu Q, Li Y, Dong K, Guan X, Tattersall FD, Reith AD, Ren F. Discovery of 4-ethoxy-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amines as potent, selective and orally bioavailable LRRK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1615-1620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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108
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Athauda D, Wyse R, Brundin P, Foltynie T. Is Exenatide a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 7:451-458. [PMID: 28777758 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists as treatments for Parkinson's disease following the recent publication of the results of the Exenatide-PD trial. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial, patients with moderate stage Parkinson's disease treated with once-weekly subcutaneous injections of exenatide 2 mg (Bydureon) for 48 weeks, had a 3.5-point advantage over the placebo group in the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) motor subscale (Part 3) in the practically defined OFF medication state, 12 weeks after cessation of the trial drug. In this article, we discuss some of the important issues of relevance to this trial, with regards to trial design, patient selection, choice of outcome measure and also place into context the implications these results have for patients with Parkinson's disease and the wider research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Athauda
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | | | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
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109
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Heinzel S, Lerche S, Maetzler W, Berg D. Global, Yet Incomplete Overview of Cohort Studies in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 7:423-432. [PMID: 28582871 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by heterogeneity and multifactorial longitudinal changes. To identify PD subtypes and factors influencing the disease course, multiple cohort studies have been designed globally. Knowledge about existing cohorts is pivotal to foster collaboration, which may help to advance the understanding of PD. OBJECTIVE To raise the awareness about PD cohorts and potential global collaboration opportunities. METHODS Observational cohort studies in clinical PD were identified by a European working group (JPND BioLoC-PD) and through literature search. Using a structured survey investigators of 44 cohorts provided basic information on cohorts and assessments performed. RESULTS For the 44 cohorts (32% on early/de-novo PD), 14.666 participants (cohorts' median: 138; range: 23-3.090), a median 1.5-year follow-up interval (0.5-4 years) and a median (planned) observational period of 5 years (1-20 years) were indicated. All studies have assessed motor functions often using rating scales (UPDRS-III; 93% of studies) and less frequently quantitative gait/balance (25%) or fine motor assessments (27%). Cognitive (100%), neuropsychiatric (91%), daily living (78%), sleep (70%), sensory (63%), and gastrointestinal/autonomic (55%) assessments were common and often comparable. Neuroimaging data (82%) and biomaterial (69%) have been collected in many studies. Surprisingly, possible disease modifiers, such as sport/physical activity (11%), have rarely been assessed. CONCLUSIONS Existing data of PD cohorts provide vast collaboration opportunities. We propose to establish a comprehensive, up-to-date, open-access internet platform with easy-to-use search tools of PD cohort descriptions and potentially available data. Bringing researchers together to enable collaborative joint, meta- and replication analyses is timely and necessary to advance PD research ultimately required for an understanding of PD that can be translated into more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heinzel
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lerche
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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110
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Lang AE, Espay AJ. Disease Modification in Parkinson's Disease: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Considerations. Mov Disord 2018; 33:660-677. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute and Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio USA
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111
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Liu W, Geng L, Chen Y. MiR-19b alleviates MPP +-induced neuronal cytotoxicity via targeting the HAPLN4/MAPK pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10706-10714. [PMID: 35540477 PMCID: PMC9078925 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: miR-19b has been reported to be involved in nervous system disease including Parkinson's disease (PD). However its molecular basis has not been exhaustively elucidated. Materials and Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to construct PD model in vitro. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-19b and proteoglycan link protein 4 (HAPLN4) mRNA. Western blot analysis was used to measure the level of HAPLN4 and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related protein. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT and flow cytometry. Commercial ELISA kits were applied to quantify caspase-3 activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to assess the relationship between miR-19b and HAPLN4. Results: miR-19b was downregulated in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. miR-19b overexpression reversed MPP+-induced suppression of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, miR-19b alleviated MPP+-induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells, embodied by the decrease of LDH release, caspase-3 activity, ROS expression, TNF-α and IL-1β secretion, as well as the increase of SOD level. HAPLN4 was identified as a direct target of miR-19b and miR-19b repressed HAPLN4 expression in a post-transcriptional manner. In addition, miR-19b-mediated anti-apoptosis effect was abated following HAPLN4 expression restoration in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, MAPK signaling participated in miR-19b/HAPLN4-mediated regulation in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion: the neuroprotective effect of miR-19b might be mediated by HAPLN4/MAPK pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Kaifeng 475000 China
| | - Lijiao Geng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University No. 357 Ximen Street Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906882
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University No. 357 Ximen Street Kaifeng 475000 China +86-0371-23906882
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112
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews recent advances in drug discovery and development for geriatric psychiatry. Drug discovery for disorders of the central nervous system is a long and challenging process, with a high attrition rate from the preclinical stages through to marketing a compound. Developing drugs for geriatric neuropsychiatric conditions presents additional challenges, due to the complexity of the symptoms, comorbid diagnoses, and the variability of the population. Despite there being limited success over the past two decades, a number of new approaches have identified potential targets for preclinical development and ultimately clinical testing. RECENT FINDINGS Recent approaches have tried to address specific mechanisms that relate to the disease progression. These approaches include combining a number of ligands into to multi-target compounds, or targeting specific types of cells such as protein kinases or myeloid cells. In addition, the increased use of induced pluripotent stem cell cultures has enabled new compounds to be tested on disease-specific tissues, increasing the success rate of the lead compounds going through the preclinical stages. New pharmacological agents designed with advanced screening techniques and the shift towards systems pharmacology is changing the landscape of drug discovery in geriatric psychiatry. There is potential for these new agents to produce targeted effects in the framework of disorders that have long been untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Conley
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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113
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Pretorius E, Page MJ, Mbotwe S, Kell DB. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) can reverse the amyloid state of fibrin seen or induced in Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192121. [PMID: 29494603 PMCID: PMC5832207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombin-induced polymerisation of fibrinogen to form fibrin is well established as a late stage of blood clotting. It is known that Parkinson's Disease (PD) is accompanied by dysregulation in blood clotting, but it is less widely known as a coagulopathy. In recent work, we showed that the presence of tiny amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in healthy individuals could cause clots to adopt an amyloid form, and this could be observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or via the fluorescence of thioflavin-T. This could be prevented by the prior addition of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). We had also observed by SEM this unusual clotting in the blood of patients with Parkinson's Disease. We hypothesised, and here show, that this too can be prevented by LBP in the context of PD. This adds further evidence implicating inflammatory microbial cell wall products as an accompaniment to the disease, and may be part of its aetiology. This may lead to novel treatment strategies in PD designed to target microbes and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Martin J. Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sthembile Mbotwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, United Kingdom
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, United Kingdom
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114
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Inoue N, Ogura S, Kasai A, Nakazawa T, Ikeda K, Higashi S, Isotani A, Baba K, Mochizuki H, Fujimura H, Ago Y, Hayata-Takano A, Seiriki K, Shintani Y, Shintani N, Hashimoto H. Knockdown of the mitochondria-localized protein p13 protects against experimental parkinsonism. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744860. [PMID: 29371327 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is a critical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial toxins produce cellular and behavioural dysfunctions resembling those in patients with PD Causative gene products for familial PD play important roles in mitochondrial function. Therefore, targeting proteins that regulate mitochondrial integrity could provide convincing strategies for PD therapeutics. We have recently identified a novel 13-kDa protein (p13) that may be involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In the current study, we examine the mitochondrial function of p13 and its involvement in PD pathogenesis using mitochondrial toxin-induced PD models. We show that p13 overexpression induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. p13 knockdown attenuates toxin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells via the regulation of complex I. Importantly, we generate p13-deficient mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and observe that heterozygous p13 knockout prevents toxin-induced motor deficits and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Taken together, our results suggest that manipulating p13 expression may be a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Research Fellowships for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sae Ogura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Higashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- Animal Resource Center for Infectious Diseases, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Kanazawa University Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Shintani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan .,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Kanazawa University Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,iPS Cell-based Research Project on Brain Neuropharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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115
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Shim JW, Madsen JR. VEGF Signaling in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010275. [PMID: 29342116 PMCID: PMC5796221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent growth factor playing diverse roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In the brain, VEGF mediates angiogenesis, neural migration and neuroprotection. As a permeability factor, excessive VEGF disrupts intracellular barriers, increases leakage of the choroid plexus endothelia, evokes edema, and activates the inflammatory pathway. Recently, we discovered that a heparin binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor (HB-EGF)—a class of EGF receptor (EGFR) family ligands—contributes to the development of hydrocephalus with subarachnoid hemorrhage through activation of VEGF signaling. The objective of this review is to entail a recent update on causes of death due to neurological disorders involving cerebrovascular and age-related neurological conditions and to understand the mechanism by which angiogenesis-dependent pathological events can be treated with VEGF antagonisms. The Global Burden of Disease study indicates that cancer and cardiovascular disease including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are two leading causes of death worldwide. The literature suggests that VEGF signaling in ischemic brains highlights the importance of concentration, timing, and alternate route of modulating VEGF signaling pathway. Molecular targets distinguishing two distinct pathways of VEGF signaling may provide novel therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders and for maintaining lower mortality due to these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon W Shim
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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116
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW After a patient is diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD), there are many therapeutic options available. This article provides examples of prototypical patients encountered in clinical practice and illustrates the various pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options for the motor symptoms of PD. RECENT FINDINGS Levodopa became available in the late 1960s and remains the gold standard for the treatment of PD even today. Since that time, amantadine, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, dopamine agonists, and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors have emerged as monotherapy, add-on therapies, or both, in the armamentarium against PD. The most appropriate time to start such drugs remains a clinical decision according to patient symptoms. However, earlier use of levodopa is the more common practice due to its superior benefit and the side effects of dopamine agonists. Deep brain stimulation continues to be the most effective treatment for motor symptoms in appropriate patients, and advances in technology may improve efficacy. New ways to deliver levodopa have emerged (effective extended-release oral preparations and levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel), and these medications provide additional options for certain patients. Exercise and neurorehabilitation are increasingly recognized as important tools to combat the motor symptoms of PD. Nondopaminergic drugs may help non-levodopa-responsive motor symptoms. SUMMARY Treatment of PD is multifaceted and requires a tailored pharmacotherapeutic and nonpharmacologic approach for a given patient. Patients should be at the center of care, and clinicians should try to provide optimum benefit through the many treatment options available.
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117
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Ghosh A, Tyson T, George S, Hildebrandt EN, Steiner JA, Madaj Z, Schulz E, Machiela E, McDonald WG, Escobar Galvis ML, Kordower JH, Van Raamsdonk JM, Colca JR, Brundin P. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier regulates autophagy, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:368ra174. [PMID: 27928028 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction as well as neuroinflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized that targeting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), a key controller of cellular metabolism that influences mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) activation, might attenuate neurodegeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in animal models of PD. To test this, we used MSDC-0160, a compound that specifically targets MPC, to reduce its activity. MSDC-0160 protected against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) insult in murine and cultured human midbrain dopamine neurons and in an α-synuclein-based Caenorhabditis elegans model. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice, MSDC-0160 improved locomotor behavior, increased survival of nigral dopaminergic neurons, boosted striatal dopamine levels, and reduced neuroinflammation. Long-term targeting of MPC preserved motor function, rescued the nigrostriatal pathway, and reduced neuroinflammation in the slowly progressive Engrailed1 (En1+/-) genetic mouse model of PD. Targeting MPC in multiple models resulted in modulation of mitochondrial function and mTOR signaling, with normalization of autophagy and a reduction in glial cell activation. Our work demonstrates that changes in metabolic signaling resulting from targeting MPC were neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in several PD models, suggesting that MPC may be a useful therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Ghosh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Trevor Tyson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sonia George
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Erin N Hildebrandt
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jennifer A Steiner
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Emily Schulz
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Emily Machiela
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Martha L Escobar Galvis
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Department of Pathology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jerry R Colca
- Metabolic Solutions Development Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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118
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Moreira RC, Zonta MB, Araújo APSD, Israel VL, Teive HAG. Quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients: progression markers of mild to moderate stages. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2017; 75:497-502. [PMID: 28813078 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20170091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate which factors are associated with the quality of life decline in Parkinson's disease patients from mild to moderate stages. Methods The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 were used to evaluate clinical/functional data and the quality of life. Results The markers of clinical/functional worsening were drooling (p < 0.004), need for assistance with hygiene (p = 0.02), greater freezing frequency (p = 0.042), bradykinesia (p = 0.031), greater intensity of the resting tremor (p = 0.035) and "pill rolling" (p = 0.001). The decline in quality of life was related to stigma (p = 0.043), greater impairment in cognition (p = 0.002), mobility (p = 0.013) and for daily living activities (p = 0.05), and was considered more significant in men, married, older individuals, and those with a longer time of disease. Conclusions The quality of life worsening markers at the moderate stage were related to stigma, worsening of cognition, and to greater impairment in mobility and daily living activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marise Bueno Zonta
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Reabilitação, Curitiba PR, Brasil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia Israel
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Curitiba PR, Brasil
| | - Hélio A G Teive
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Medicina, Curitiba PR, Brasil
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119
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Hou L, Chen W, Liu X, Qiao D, Zhou FM. Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection of the Nigrostriatal Dopamine System in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:358. [PMID: 29163139 PMCID: PMC5675869 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that physical activity and exercise may reduce the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), and clinical observations suggest that physical exercise can reduce the motor symptoms in PD patients. In experimental animals, a profound observation is that exercise of appropriate timing, duration, and intensity can reduce toxin-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system in animal PD models, although negative results have also been reported, potentially due to inappropriate timing and intensity of the exercise regimen. Exercise may also minimize DA denervation-induced medium spiny neuron (MSN) dendritic atrophy and other abnormalities such as enlarged corticostriatal synapse and abnormal MSN excitability and spiking activity. Taken together, epidemiological studies, clinical observations, and animal research indicate that appropriately dosed physical activity and exercise may not only reduce the risk of developing PD in vulnerable populations but also benefit PD patients by potentially protecting the residual DA neurons or directly restoring the dysfunctional cortico-basal ganglia motor control circuit, and these benefits may be mediated by exercise-triggered production of endogenous neuroprotective molecules such as neurotrophic factors. Thus, exercise is a universally available, side effect-free medicine that should be prescribed to vulnerable populations as a preventive measure and to PD patients as a component of treatment. Future research needs to establish standardized exercise protocols that can reliably induce DA neuron protection, enabling the delineation of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that in turn can maximize exercise-induced neuroprotection and neurorestoration in animal PD models and eventually in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Hou
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Exercise and Rehabilitation, Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Decai Qiao
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
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120
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Braczynski AK, Schulz JB, Bach JP. Vaccination strategies in tauopathies and synucleinopathies. J Neurochem 2017; 143:467-488. [PMID: 28869766 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination therapies constitute potential treatment options in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease or Parkinson disease. While a lot of research has been performed on vaccination against extracellular amyloid β, the focus recently shifted toward vaccination against the intracellular proteins tau and α-synuclein, with promising results in terms of protein accumulation reduction. In this review, we briefly summarize lessons to be learned from clinical vaccination trials in Alzheimer disease that target amyloid β. We then focus on tau and α-synuclein. For both proteins, we provide important data on protein immunogenicity, and put them into context with data available from both animals and human vaccination trials targeted at tau and α-synuclein. Together, we give a comprehensive overview about current clinical data, and discuss associated problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Braczynski
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, FZ Jülich and RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Bach
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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121
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Erro R, Brigo F, Tamburin S, Zamboni M, Antonini A, Tinazzi M. Nutritional habits, risk, and progression of Parkinson disease. J Neurol 2017; 265:12-23. [PMID: 29018983 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease, where a genetic predisposition combines with putative environmental risk factors. Mounting evidence suggests that the initial PD pathological manifestations may be located in the gut to subsequently affect brain areas. Moreover, several lines of research demonstrated that there are bidirectional connections between the central nervous system and the gut, the "gut-brain axis" that influences both brain and gastrointestinal function. This opens a potential therapeutic window suggesting that specific dietary strategies may interact with the disease process and influence the risk of PD or modify its course. Dietary components can also theoretically modulate the chronic activation of the inflammatory response that is associated with aging, the strongest risk factor for PD, that has been suggested to hasten the underlying neurodegenerative process in PD. Here, we reviewed the evidence supporting an association between certain dietary compound and either the risk or progression of PD and have provided an overview of the possible pathomechanisms linking nutrition and neurodegeneration. The results of our review would not support a clear role for any dietary components in reducing the risk or progression of PD. However, the evidence favouring a connection between gut abnormalities, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in PD have become too compelling to be ignored, so that further research, also in the field of nutritional genomics, is highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Erro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson Unit, IRCCS Hospital San Camillo and 1st Neurology Clinic, AO Universitaria Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
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122
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Intranasal Administration of TAT-Conjugated Lipid Nanocarriers Loading GDNF for Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:145-155. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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123
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Loos B, Klionsky DJ, Wong E. Augmenting brain metabolism to increase macro- and chaperone-mediated autophagy for decreasing neuronal proteotoxicity and aging. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:90-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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124
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Ding X, Dai X, Long K, Peng C, Andreotti D, Bamborough P, Eatherton AJ, Edge C, Jandu KS, Nichols PL, Philps OJ, Stasi LP, Wan Z, Xiang JN, Dong K, Dossang P, Ho MH, Li Y, Mensah L, Guan X, Reith AD, Ren F. Discovery of 5-substituent-N-arylbenzamide derivatives as potent, selective and orally bioavailable LRRK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4034-4038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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125
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Obeso J, Stamelou M, Goetz C, Poewe W, Lang A, Weintraub D, Burn D, Halliday G, Bezard E, Przedborski S, Lehericy S, Brooks D, Rothwell J, Hallett M, DeLong M, Marras C, Tanner C, Ross G, Langston J, Klein C, Bonifati V, Jankovic J, Lozano A, Deuschl G, Bergman H, Tolosa E, Rodriguez-Violante M, Fahn S, Postuma R, Berg D, Marek K, Standaert D, Surmeier D, Olanow C, Kordower J, Calabresi P, Schapira A, Stoessl A. Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1264-1310. [PMID: 28887905 PMCID: PMC5685546 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and what he missed from today's perspective. Parkinson's disease today is understood as a multietiological condition with uncertain etiopathogenesis. Many advances have occurred regarding pathophysiology and symptomatic treatments, but critically important issues are still pending resolution. Among the latter, the need to modify disease progression is undoubtedly a priority. In sum, this multiple-author article, prepared to commemorate the bicentenary of the shaking palsy, provides a historical state-of-the-art account of what has been achieved, the current situation, and how to progress toward resolving Parkinson's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Obeso
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Stamelou
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital and Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C.G. Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - W. Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A.E. Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D. Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (PADRECC and MIRECC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D. Burn
- Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - G.M. Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - E. Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- China Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lab Animal Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S. Przedborski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, the Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - S. Lehericy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière – ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – CENIR, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - D.J. Brooks
- Clinical Sciences Department, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J.C. Rothwell
- Human Neurophysiology, Sobell Department, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M. Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M.R. DeLong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C. Marras
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C.M. Tanner
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - G.W. Ross
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - C. Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - V. Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Jankovic
- Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A.M. Lozano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - G. Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Jerusalem, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E. Tolosa
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Rodriguez-Violante
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Fahn
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - R.B. Postuma
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Berg
- Klinikfür Neurologie, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - K. Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - D.G. Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - D.J. Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C.W. Olanow
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - J.H. Kordower
- Research Center for Brain Repair, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P. Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A.H.V. Schapira
- University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A.J. Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Division of Neurology & Djavadf Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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126
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Amireddy N, Puttapaka SN, Vinnakota RL, Ravuri HG, Thonda S, Kalivendi SV. The unintended mitochondrial uncoupling effects of the FDA-approved anti-helminth drug nitazoxanide mitigates experimental parkinsonism in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15731-15743. [PMID: 28798236 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a primary role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and small molecules that counteract the initial stages of disease may offer therapeutic benefit. In this regard, we have examined whether the off-target effects of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-helminth drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) on mitochondrial respiration could possess any therapeutic potential for PD. Results indicate that MPP+-induced loss in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production by mitochondria were ameliorated by NTZ in real time by virtue of its mild uncoupling effect. Pretreatment of cells with NTZ mitigated MPP+-induced loss in mitochondrial OCR and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, addition of NTZ to cells pretreated with MPP+ could reverse block in mitochondrial OCR and reactive oxygen species induced by MPP+ in real time. The observed effects of NTZ were found to be transient and reversible as removal of NTZ from incubation medium restored the mitochondrial respiration to that of controls. Apoptosis induced by MPP+ was ameliorated by NTZ in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo results demonstrated that oral administration of NTZ (50 mg/kg) in an acute MPTP mouse model of PD conferred significant protection against the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons of substantia nigra. Based on the above observations we believe that repurposing of NTZ for PD may offer therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Halley G Ravuri
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500 007, Telangana State, India
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127
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Animal models of α-synucleinopathy for Parkinson disease drug development. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:515-529. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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128
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Yulug B, Hanoglu L, Kilic E. The neuroprotective effect of focused ultrasound: New perspectives on an old tool. Brain Res Bull 2017; 131:199-206. [PMID: 28458041 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a novel technique that can noninvasively modulate the cortical function. Moreover, there are rapidly replicating evidence suggesting the role of tFUS for targeted neuroprotective drug delivery by increasing the permeability of the central nervous system barrier that results with increased neuroprotective activity. In contrast to the indirect neuroprotective effect, there is rare evidence suggesting the direct parenchymal neuroprotective effect of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). In the light of these findings, we aimed to review the direct and indirect neuroprotective effect of FUS in various animal models of Stroke, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease and Major Depressive Disorder. METHODS A literary search was conducted, utilizing search terms "animal", "focused ultrasound", "neuroprotection", "Alzheimer's Disease", "Parkinson's Disease ", "Stroke", "Neurodegenerative disease" and "Major Depressive Disorder". Items were excluded if they failed to: (1) include patients, (2) editorials, and letters. RESULTS This mini-review article presents an up-to-date review of the neuroprotective effects of tFUS in animal studies and suggests the dual neurotherapeutic role of tFUS in various neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Future well-conducted human studies are emergently needed to assess the neuroprotective effects of FUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Experimental Neurology Laboratuary, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Experimental Neurology Laboratuary, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Experimental Neurology Laboratuary, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, University of Istanbul-Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey
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129
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Non-human primate models of PD to test novel therapies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:291-324. [PMID: 28391443 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate (NHP) models of Parkinson disease show many similarities with the human disease. They are very useful to test novel pharmacotherapies as reviewed here. The various NHP models of this disease are described with their characteristics including the macaque, the marmoset, and the squirrel monkey models. Lesion-induced and genetic models are described. There is no drug to slow, delay, stop, or cure Parkinson disease; available treatments are symptomatic. The dopamine precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) still remains the gold standard symptomatic treatment of Parkinson. However, involuntary movements termed L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias appear in most patients after chronic treatment and may become disabling. Dyskinesias are very difficult to manage and there is only amantadine approved providing only a modest benefit. In this respect, NHP models have been useful to seek new drug targets, since they reproduce motor complications observed in parkinsonian patients. Therapies to treat motor symptoms in NHP models are reviewed with a discussion of their translational value to humans. Disease-modifying treatments tested in NHP are reviewed as well as surgical treatments. Many biochemical changes in the brain of post-mortem Parkinson disease patients with dyskinesias are reviewed and compare well with those observed in NHP models. Non-motor symptoms can be categorized into psychiatric, autonomic, and sensory symptoms. These symptoms are present in most parkinsonian patients and are already installed many years before the pre-motor phase of the disease. The translational usefulness of NHP models of Parkinson is discussed for non-motor symptoms.
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130
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Vermilyea SC, Emborg ME. The role of nonhuman primate models in the development of cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:365-384. [PMID: 28326445 PMCID: PMC5847191 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Through the course of over three decades, nonhuman primate (NHP) studies on cell-based therapies (CBTs) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) have provided insight into the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the approach, methods of cell collection and preparation, cell viability, as well as potential brain targets. Today, NHP research continues to be a vital source of information for improving cell grafts and analyzing how the host affects graft survival, integration and function. Overall, this article aims to discuss the role that NHP models of PD have played in CBT development and highlights specific issues that need to be considered to maximize the value of NHP studies for the successful clinical translation of CBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Vermilyea
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA. .,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
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131
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Abstract
This article summarizes (1) the recent achievements to further improve symptomatic therapy of motor Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms, (2) the still-few attempts to systematically search for symptomatic therapy of non-motor symptoms in PD, and (3) the advances in the development and clinical testing of compounds which promise to offer disease modification in already-manifest PD. However, prevention (that is, slowing or stopping PD in a prodromal stage) is still a dream and one reason for this is that we have no consensus on primary endpoints for clinical trials which reflect the progression in prodromal stages of PD, such as in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) —a methodological challenge to be met in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Munich, Germany
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132
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Kang SY, Lee SB, Kim HJ, Kim HT, Yang HO, Jang W. Autophagic modulation by rosuvastatin prevents rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in an in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2017; 642:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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133
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Rodrigues FB, Ferreira JJ. Opicapone for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:445-453. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1294683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe B Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS - Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
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134
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Marsili L, Marconi R, Colosimo C. Treatment Strategies in Early Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 132:345-360. [PMID: 28554414 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The clinicians' approach to the treatment of early Parkinson's disease (PD) should take into account numerous aspects, including how to inform a patient upon diagnosis and the critical decision of what therapy to adopt and when to start it. The treatment of the motor disorder associated with early PD needs to consider several crucial factors, such as age at onset, comorbidities, and the patient's functional requirements, and cannot be summarized in a simple formula. In younger patients (i.e., before the age of 70) and in those without high functional requirements, treatment is usually initiated with dopamine agonists and/or monoamine oxidase-B enzyme inhibitors (MAO-B I). By contrast, in older patients, or in those with high functional requirements, low doses of levodopa are generally used when treatment is started. In younger patients, levodopa should be added to dopamine agonists and/or MAO-B I, as required by disease progression, whereas in older patients, when response to levodopa alone is not satisfactory, dopamine agonists or catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors may subsequently be added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marsili
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
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135
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Pignataro D, Sucunza D, Vanrell L, Lopez-Franco E, Dopeso-Reyes IG, Vales A, Hommel M, Rico AJ, Lanciego JL, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Serotype 8 for Cell-Specific Delivery of Therapeutic Genes in the Central Nervous System. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:2. [PMID: 28239341 PMCID: PMC5301009 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have become highly promising tools for research and clinical applications in the central nervous system (CNS). However, specific delivery of genes to the cell type of interest is essential for the success of gene therapy and therefore a correct selection of the promoter plays a very important role. Here, AAV8 vectors carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as reporter gene under the transcriptional control of different CNS-specific promoters were used and compared with a strong ubiquitous promoter. Since one of the main limitations of AAV-mediated gene delivery lies in its restricted cloning capacity, we focused our work on small-sized promoters. We tested the transduction efficacy and specificity of each vector after stereotactic injection into the mouse striatum. Three glia-specific AAV vectors were generated using two truncated forms of the human promoter for glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) as well as a truncated form of the murine GFAP promoter. All three vectors resulted in predominantly glial expression; however we also observed eGFP expression in other cell-types such as oligodendrocytes, but never in neurons. In addition, robust and neuron-specific eGFP expression was observed using the minimal promoters for the neural protein BM88 and the neuronal nicotinic receptor β2 (CHRNB2). In summary, we developed a set of AAV vectors designed for specific expression in cells of the CNS using minimal promoters to drive gene expression when the size of the therapeutic gene matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pignataro
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Sucunza
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasSpain
| | - Lucia Vanrell
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Iria G Dopeso-Reyes
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasSpain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Africa Vales
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirja Hommel
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto J Rico
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasSpain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasSpain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasSpain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de NavarraPamplona, Spain
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136
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Zeiss CJ, Allore HG, Beck AP. Established patterns of animal study design undermine translation of disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171790. [PMID: 28182759 PMCID: PMC5300282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of disease-modifying therapies in neurodegenerative disease has been disappointing. Parkinson's disease (PD) was used to compare patterns of preclinical study design for symptomatic and potentially disease-modifying interventions. We examined the relationship of model, intervention type and timing, outcomes and outcome measures in 543 animal and human studies (1973-2015) across a contemporary cohort of animal and human interventional studies (n = 445), animal studies for approved interventions (n = 28), animal and human studies for those that failed to translate (n = 70). Detailed study design data were collected for 216 studies in non-human primate (NHP) and rodent toxin-induced models. Species-specific patterns of study design prevailed regardless of whether interventions were symptomatic or potentially disease-modifying. In humans and NHPs, interventions were typically given to both sexes well after the PD phenotype was established, and clinical outcome measures were collected at single (symptomatic) or multiple (disease-modifying) time-points. In rodents, interventions often preceded induction of the model, acute toxic protocols were common, usually given to young males, clinical outcome measures were used less commonly, and outcomes were less commonly assessed at multiple time points. These patterns were more prevalent in mice than rats. In contrast, study design factors such as randomization and blinding did not differ appreciably across symptomatic and disease-modifying intervention categories. The translational gap for potentially disease-modifying interventions in PD in part results from study designs, particularly in mice, that fail to model the progressive nature and relatively late intervention characteristic of PD, or that anchor mechanistic and neuropathologic data to longitudinal clinical outcomes. Even if measures to improve reproducibility are broadly adopted, perpetuation of these norms will continue to impede effective translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Zeiss
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Heather G. Allore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amanda P. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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137
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Albert K, Voutilainen MH, Domanskyi A, Airavaara M. AAV Vector-Mediated Gene Delivery to Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neurons: Implications for Gene Therapy and Disease Models. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020063. [PMID: 28208742 PMCID: PMC5333052 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors is a widely used method to transduce neurons in the brain, especially due to its safety, efficacy, and long-lasting expression. In addition, by varying AAV serotype, promotor, and titer, it is possible to affect the cell specificity of expression or the expression levels of the protein of interest. Dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra projecting to the striatum, comprising the nigrostriatal pathway, are involved in movement control and degenerate in Parkinson’s disease. AAV-based gene targeting to the projection area of these neurons in the striatum has been studied extensively to induce the production of neurotrophic factors for disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson’s disease. Much less emphasis has been put on AAV-based gene therapy targeting dopamine neurons in substantia nigra. We will review the literature related to targeting striatum and/or substantia nigra dopamine neurons using AAVs in order to express neuroprotective and neurorestorative molecules, as well as produce animal disease models of Parkinson’s disease. We discuss difficulties in targeting substantia nigra dopamine neurons and their vulnerability to stress in general. Therefore, choosing a proper control for experimental work is not trivial. Since the axons along the nigrostriatal tract are the first to degenerate in Parkinson’s disease, the location to deliver the therapy must be carefully considered. We also review studies using AAV-α-synuclein (α-syn) to target substantia nigra dopamine neurons to produce an α-syn overexpression disease model in rats. Though these studies are able to produce mild dopamine system degeneration in the striatum and substantia nigra and some behavioural effects, there are studies pointing to the toxicity of AAV-carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is often used as a control. Therefore, we discuss the potential difficulties in overexpressing proteins in general in the substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Albert
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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138
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Takamatsu Y, Ho G, Koike W, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Waragai M, Wei J, Sekiyama K, Hashimoto M. Combined immunotherapy with "anti-insulin resistance" therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy against neurodegenerative diseases. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2017; 3:4. [PMID: 28649604 PMCID: PMC5445606 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-016-0001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a pathological hallmark of and may play a central role in the neurotoxicity in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, inhibiting aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, including amyloid β and α-synuclein, has been a main therapeutic target for these disorders. Among various strategies, amyloid β immunotherapy has been extensively investigated in Alzheimer's disease, followed by similar studies of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Notably, a recent study of solanezumab, an amyloid β monoclonal antibody, raises hope for the further therapeutic potential of immunotherapy, not only in Alzheimer's disease, but also for other neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Thus, it is expected that further refinement of immunotherapy against neurodegenerative diseases may lead to increasing efficacy. Meanwhile, type II diabetes mellitus has been associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and studies have shown that metabolic dysfunction and abnormalities surrounding insulin signaling may underlie disease progression. Naturally, "anti-insulin resistance" therapy has emerged as a novel paradigm in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, incretin agonists, which stimulate pancreatic insulin secretion, reduce dopaminergic neuronal loss and suppress Parkinson's disease disease progression in clinical trials. Similar studies are ongoing also in Alzheimer's disease. This paper focuses on critical issues in "immunotherapy" and "anti-insulin resistance" therapy in relation to therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative disease, and more importantly, how they might merge mechanistically at the point of suppression of protein aggregation, raising the possibility that combined immunotherapy and "anti-insulin resistance" therapy may be superior to either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Takamatsu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-0057 Japan
| | - Gilbert Ho
- The PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA 92064 USA
| | - Wakako Koike
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-0057 Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-0057 Japan
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Kazunari Sekiyama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-0057 Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-0057 Japan
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139
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Espay AJ, Brundin P, Lang AE. Precision medicine for disease modification in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13:119-126. [PMID: 28106064 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Espay
- James J and Joan A Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson Street, Suite 2300, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, USA
| | - Patrik Brundin
- The Laboratory of Translational Parkinson's Disease Research and The Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8, Canada
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140
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Zygmunt DA, Crowe KE, Flanigan KM, Martin PT. Comparison of Serum rAAV Serotype-Specific Antibodies in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Becker Muscular Dystrophy, Inclusion Body Myositis, or GNE Myopathy. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 28:737-746. [PMID: 28042944 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a commonly used gene therapy vector for the delivery of therapeutic transgenes in a variety of human diseases, but pre-existing serum antibodies to viral capsid proteins can greatly inhibit rAAV transduction of tissues. Serum was assayed from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), inclusion body myositis (IBM), and GNE myopathy (GNE). These were compared to serum from otherwise normal human subjects to determine the extent of pre-existing serum antibodies to rAAVrh74, rAAV1, rAAV2, rAAV6, rAAV8, and rAAV9. In almost all cases, patients with measurable titers to one rAAV serotype showed titers to all other serotypes tested, with average titers to rAAV2 being highest in all instances. Twenty-six percent of all young normal subjects (<18 years old) had measurable rAAV titers to all serotypes tested, and this percentage increased to almost 50% in adult normal subjects (>18 years old). Fifty percent of all IBM and GNE patients also had antibody titers to all rAAV serotypes, while only 18% of DMD and 0% of BMD patients did. In addition, serum-naïve macaques treated systemically with rAAVrh74 could develop cross-reactive antibodies to all other serotypes tested at 24 weeks post treatment. These data demonstrate that most DMD and BMD patients should be amenable to vascular rAAV-mediated treatment without the concern of treatment blockage by pre-existing serum rAAV antibodies, and that serum antibodies to rAAVrh74 are no more common than those for rAAV6, rAAV8, or rAAV9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Zygmunt
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kelly E Crowe
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin M Flanigan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paul T Martin
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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141
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Kundu P, Das M, Tripathy K, Sahoo SK. Delivery of Dual Drug Loaded Lipid Based Nanoparticles across the Blood-Brain Barrier Impart Enhanced Neuroprotection in a Rotenone Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1658-1670. [PMID: 27642670 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most widespread form of dementia where there is an age related degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Accumulation of α-synuclein (αS) protein aggregate, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death are the pathological hallmarks of PD. In this context, amalgamation of curcumin and piperine having profound cognitive properties, and antioxidant activity seems beneficial. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the major impediment for delivery of neurotherapeutics to the brain. The present study involves formulation of curcumin and piperine coloaded glyceryl monooleate (GMO) nanoparticles coated with various surfactants with a view to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin and penetration of both drugs to the brain tissue crossing the BBB and to enhance the anti-parkinsonism effect of both drugs in a single platform. In vitro results demonstrated augmented inhibition of αS protein into oligomers and fibrils, reduced rotenone induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and activation of autophagic pathway by dual drug loaded NPs compared to native counterpart. Further, in vivo studies revealed that our formulated dual drug loaded NPs were able to cross BBB, rescued the rotenone induced motor coordination impairment, and restrained dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in a PD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Kundu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Manasi Das
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Kalpalata Tripathy
- Department
of Pathology, Shri Ramachandra Bhanj Medical College, Cuttack 753007, India
| | - Sanjeeb K Sahoo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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142
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Lindholm D, Pham DD, Cascone A, Eriksson O, Wennerberg K, Saarma M. c-Abl Inhibitors Enable Insights into the Pathophysiology and Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:254. [PMID: 27833551 PMCID: PMC5080529 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing movement disabilities and several non-motor symptoms in afflicted patients. Recent studies in animal models of PD and analyses of brain specimen from PD patients revealed an increase in the level and activity of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abelson (c-Abl) in dopaminergic neurons with phosphorylation of protein substrates, such as α-synuclein and the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Parkin. Most significantly inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity by small molecular compounds used in the clinic to treat human leukemia have shown promising neuroprotective effects in cell and animal models of PD. This has raised hope that similar beneficial outcome may also be observed in the treatment of PD patients by using c-Abl inhibitors. Here we highlight the background for the current optimism, reviewing c-Abl and its relationship to pathophysiological pathways prevailing in PD, as well as discussing issues related to the pharmacology and safety of current c-Abl inhibitors. Clearly more rigorously controlled and well-designed trials are needed before the c-Abl inhibitors can be used in the neuroclinic to possibly benefit an increasing number of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, HelsinkiFinland
| | - Dan D Pham
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, HelsinkiFinland
| | - Annunziata Cascone
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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143
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Enterría-Morales D, López-López I, López-Barneo J, d’Anglemont de Tassigny X. Striatal GDNF Production Is Independent to Circulating Estradiol Level Despite Pan-Neuronal Activation in the Female Mouse. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164391. [PMID: 27741271 PMCID: PMC5065215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender difference in Parkinson’s disease (PD) suggests that female sex steroids may promote dopaminergic neuron survival and protect them from degeneration. The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is believed to be dopaminotrophic; thus it is considered as a potential therapeutic target in PD. Additionally, GDNF is endogenously synthetized in the caudate/putamen of humans and striatum in rodents. A neuroprotective role of estrogens on the nigrostriatal pathway via the stimulation of GDNF has been proposed. Since the GDNF-producing parvalbumin (Parv) interneurons express the estrogen receptor alpha in the mouse striatum, we sought to determine whether ectopic estrogenic compound modulates the GDNF synthesis in mice. Using an ovariectomized-estradiol (E2) replacement regimen, which reliably generates a rise of plasma estradiol, we assessed the effects of different levels of E2 on the activation of striatal neuronal populations, and GDNF production. A strong correlation was found between plasma E2 and the expression of the immediate early gene cFos in the striatum, as well as in other cortical regions. However, moderate and high E2 treatments failed to induce any striatal GDNF mRNA and protein synthesis. High E2 only stimulates cFos induction in a low percentage of striatal Parv neurons whereas the majority of cFos-positive cells are medium spiny neurons. Activation of these projecting neurons by E2 suggests a role of circulating sex steroids in the modulation of striatal neural pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Enterría-Morales
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/ CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ivette López-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/ CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/ CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier d’Anglemont de Tassigny
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/ CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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144
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Zheng CY, Guo BJ, Cai W, Cui W, Mak SH, Wang YQ, Lee SMY, Han YF, Zhang ZJ. No synergism between bis(propyl)-cognitin and rasagiline on protecting dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease mice. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1339-46. [PMID: 27651784 PMCID: PMC5020835 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.189201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, and bis(propyl)-cognitin (B3C), a novel dimer are reported to be neuroprotective. Herein, the synergistical neuroprotection produced by rasagiline and B3C was investigated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice of Parkinsonism. By using neurobehavioural tests, high-performance liquid chromatography and western blot assay, we showed that B3C at 0.3 mg/kg, rasagiline at 0.02 mg/kg, as well as co-treatment with B3C and rasagiline prevented MPTP-induced behavioural abnormities, increased the concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum, and up-regulated the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra. However, the neuroprotective effects of co-treatment were not significantly improved when compared with those of B3C or rasagiline alone. Collectively, we have demonstrated that B3C at 0.3 mg/kg and rasagline at 0.02 mg/kg could not produce synergistic neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-You Zheng
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Jian Guo
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shing-Hung Mak
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research of Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yi-Fan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zai-Jun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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145
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Mariani E, Frabetti F, Tarozzi A, Pelleri MC, Pizzetti F, Casadei R. Meta-Analysis of Parkinson's Disease Transcriptome Data Using TRAM Software: Whole Substantia Nigra Tissue and Single Dopamine Neuron Differential Gene Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161567. [PMID: 27611585 PMCID: PMC5017670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the genetic basis of the Parkinson's disease (PD) and the correlation between genotype and phenotype has revolutionized our knowledge about the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegeneration, opening up exciting new therapeutic and neuroprotective perspectives. Genomic knowledge of PD is still in its early stages and can provide a good start for studies of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the gene expression variations and the epigenetic mechanisms that may contribute to the complex and characteristic phenotype of PD. In this study we used the software TRAM (Transcriptome Mapper) to analyse publicly available microarray data of a total of 151 PD patients and 130 healthy controls substantia nigra (SN) samples, to identify chromosomal segments and gene loci differential expression. In particular, we separately analyzed PD patients and controls data from post-mortem snap-frozen SN whole tissue and from laser microdissected midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, to better characterize the specific DA neuronal expression profile associated with the late-stage Parkinson's condition. The default "Map" mode analysis resulted in 10 significantly over/under-expressed segments, mapping on 8 different chromosomes for SN whole tissue and in 4 segments mapping on 4 different chromosomes for DA neurons. In conclusion, TRAM software allowed us to confirm the deregulation of some genomic regions and loci involved in key molecular pathways related to neurodegeneration, as well as to provide new insights about genes and non-coding RNA transcripts not yet associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mariani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pelleri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pizzetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Casadei
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
- * E-mail:
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146
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Oertel W, Schulz JB. Current and experimental treatments of Parkinson disease: A guide for neuroscientists. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 1:325-337. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology; Hertie-Senior Research Professorship; Philipps University Marburg; Baldingerstrasse; Marburg Germany
- Institute for Neurogenomics; Helmholtz Institute for Health and Environment; München Germany
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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147
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Josephy-Hernandez S, Jmaeff S, Pirvulescu I, Aboulkassim T, Saragovi HU. Neurotrophin receptor agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents: An evolving paradigm. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 97:139-155. [PMID: 27546056 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are prevalent, complex and devastating conditions, with very limited treatment options currently available. While they manifest in many forms, there are commonalities that link them together. In this review, we will focus on neurotrophins - a family of related factors involved in neuronal development and maintenance. Neurodegenerative diseases often present with a neurotrophin imbalance, in which there may be decreases in trophic signaling through Trk receptors for example, and/or increases in pro-apoptotic activity through p75. Clinical trials with neurotrophins have continuously failed due to their poor pharmacological properties as well as the unavoidable activation of p75. Thus, there is a need for drugs without such setbacks. Small molecule neurotrophin mimetics are favorable options since they can selectively activate Trks or inactivate p75. In this review, we will initially present a brief outline of how these molecules are synthesized and their mechanisms of action; followed by an update in the current state of neurotrophins and small molecules in major neurodegenerative diseases. Although there has been significant progress in the development of potential therapeutics, more studies are needed to establish clear mechanisms of action and target specificity in order to transition from animal models to the assessment of safety and use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Josephy-Hernandez
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sean Jmaeff
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iulia Pirvulescu
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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148
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Hong CT, Huang YH, Liu HY, Chiou HY, Chan L, Chien LN. Newly Diagnosed Anemia Increases Risk of Parkinson's disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29651. [PMID: 27412825 PMCID: PMC4944159 DOI: 10.1038/srep29651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia and low hemoglobin have been identified to increase Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk. This population-based cohort study investigated PD risk in newly diagnosed anemic patients by using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. All newly diagnosed anemic patients (n = 86,334) without a history of stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, major operations, or blood loss diseases were enrolled. A cohort of nonanemic controls, 1:1 matched with anemic patients on the basis of the demographics and pre-existing medical conditions, was also included. Competing risk analysis was used to evaluate PD risk in anemic patients compared with that in their matched controls. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of PD risk in the anemic patients was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.52, p < 0.001). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients tended to exhibit a higher PD risk (aHR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24–1.79, p < 0.001). Furthermore, Iron supplement did not significantly affect the PD risk: the aHRs for PD risk were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.07–1.63, p < 0.01) and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.46–2.35, p < 0.001) in IDA patients with and without iron supplementation, respectively. The population-based cohort study indicated newly diagnosed anemia increases PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Tai Hong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yao Hsien Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Hung Yi Liu
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Li-Nien Chien
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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149
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Magrinelli F, Picelli A, Tocco P, Federico A, Roncari L, Smania N, Zanette G, Tamburin S. Pathophysiology of Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease as the Rationale for Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2016; 2016:9832839. [PMID: 27366343 PMCID: PMC4913065 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9832839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardinal motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) include bradykinesia, rest tremor, and rigidity, which appear in the early stages of the disease and largely depend on dopaminergic nigrostriatal denervation. Intermediate and advanced PD stages are characterized by motor fluctuations and dyskinesia, which depend on complex mechanisms secondary to severe nigrostriatal loss and to the problems related to oral levodopa absorption, and motor and nonmotor symptoms and signs that are secondary to marked dopaminergic loss and multisystem neurodegeneration with damage to nondopaminergic pathways. Nondopaminergic dysfunction results in motor problems, including posture, balance and gait disturbances, and fatigue, and nonmotor problems, encompassing depression, apathy, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, pain, and autonomic dysfunction. There are a number of symptomatic drugs for PD motor signs, but the pharmacological resources for nonmotor signs and symptoms are limited, and rehabilitation may contribute to their treatment. The present review will focus on classical notions and recent insights into the neuropathology, neuropharmacology, and neurophysiology of motor dysfunction of PD. These pieces of information represent the basis for the pharmacological, neurosurgical, and rehabilitative approaches to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Picelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Centre, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Tocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Federico
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Roncari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Rehabilitation Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, Via Monte Baldo 24, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Nicola Smania
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Neuromotor and Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Centre, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giampietro Zanette
- Neurology Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, Via Monte Baldo 24, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
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150
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Shen T, Pu J, Si X, Ye R, Zhang B. An update on potential therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease based on pathogenic mechanisms. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:711-22. [PMID: 27138872 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1179112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder mainly caused by the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, of which the pathogenesis remains essentially unknown. Current therapeutic strategies help manage signs and symptoms but have no effect in disease modification. Over the past several decades, scientists have devoted a lot of effort to clarifying the pathological mechanism and searching for new targets for Parkinson's disease treatment. AREAS COVERED Treatment of Parkinson's disease. Expert Commentary: Illustrated in this review are newly found discoveries and evidence that contribute to the understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenic mechanism. Also discussed are potential therapeutic strategies that are being studied, including disease-modifying and genetically mediated small molecule compounds, cell- and gene-based therapeutic strategies, immunization strategies and anti-diabetic therapy, which may be very promising therapeutic methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- a Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jiali Pu
- a Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- a Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Rong Ye
- a Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- a Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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