101
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Raheem A, Liang L, Zhang G, Cui S. Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616713. [PMID: 33897683 PMCID: PMC8060567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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102
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Madhur MS, Elijovich F, Alexander MR, Pitzer A, Ishimwe J, Van Beusecum JP, Patrick DM, Smart CD, Kleyman TR, Kingery J, Peck RN, Laffer CL, Kirabo A. Hypertension: Do Inflammation and Immunity Hold the Key to Solving this Epidemic? Circ Res 2021; 128:908-933. [PMID: 33793336 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elevated cardiovascular risk including stroke, heart failure, and heart attack is present even after normalization of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Underlying immune cell activation is a likely culprit. Although immune cells are important for protection against invading pathogens, their chronic overactivation may lead to tissue damage and high blood pressure. Triggers that may initiate immune activation include viral infections, autoimmunity, and lifestyle factors such as excess dietary salt. These conditions activate the immune system either directly or through their impact on the gut microbiome, which ultimately produces chronic inflammation and hypertension. T cells are central to the immune responses contributing to hypertension. They are activated in part by binding specific antigens that are presented in major histocompatibility complex molecules on professional antigen-presenting cells, and they generate repertoires of rearranged T-cell receptors. Activated T cells infiltrate tissues and produce cytokines including interleukin 17A, which promote renal and vascular dysfunction and end-organ damage leading to hypertension. In this comprehensive review, we highlight environmental, genetic, and microbial associated mechanisms contributing to both innate and adaptive immune cell activation leading to hypertension. Targeting the underlying chronic immune cell activation in hypertension has the potential to mitigate the excess cardiovascular risk associated with this common and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena S Madhur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew R Alexander
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ashley Pitzer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeanne Ishimwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin P Van Beusecum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David M Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles D Smart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.R.K.)
| | - Justin Kingery
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY (J.K., R.N.P.).,Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania (J.K., R.N.P.)
| | - Robert N Peck
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY (J.K., R.N.P.).,Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania (J.K., R.N.P.).,Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), Mwanza, Tanzania (R.N.P.)
| | - Cheryl L Laffer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
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Avery EG, Bartolomaeus H, Maifeld A, Marko L, Wiig H, Wilck N, Rosshart SP, Forslund SK, Müller DN. The Gut Microbiome in Hypertension: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Circ Res 2021; 128:934-950. [PMID: 33793332 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hypertension is known to involve a diverse range of contributing factors including genetic, environmental, hormonal, hemodynamic and inflammatory forces, to name a few. There is mounting evidence to suggest that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of hypertension. The gastrointestinal tract, which houses the largest compartment of immune cells in the body, represents the intersection of the environment and the host. Accordingly, lifestyle factors shape and are modulated by the microbiome, modifying the risk for hypertensive disease. One well-studied example is the consumption of dietary fibers, which leads to the production of short-chain fatty acids and can contribute to the expansion of anti-inflammatory immune cells, consequently protecting against the progression of hypertension. Dietary interventions such as fasting have also been shown to impact hypertension via the microbiome. Studying the microbiome in hypertensive disease presents a variety of unique challenges to the use of traditional model systems. Integrating microbiome considerations into preclinical research is crucial, and novel strategies to account for reciprocal host-microbiome interactions, such as the wildling mouse model, may provide new opportunities for translation. The intricacies of the role of the microbiome in hypertensive disease is a matter of ongoing research, and there are several technical considerations which should be accounted for moving forward. In this review we provide insights into the host-microbiome interaction and summarize the evidence of its importance in the regulation of blood pressure. Additionally, we provide recommendations for ongoing and future research, such that important insights from the microbiome field at large can be readily integrated in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G Avery
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.)
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
| | - Andras Maifeld
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
| | - Lajos Marko
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (H.W.)
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.W.)
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany (S.P.R.)
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
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104
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Yang T, Chakraborty S, Mandal J, Mei X, Joe B. Microbiota and Metabolites as Factors Influencing Blood Pressure Regulation. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1731-1757. [PMID: 33792901 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of microbes has rapidly expanded in recent years due to a surge in our understanding that humans host a plethora of commensal microbes, which reside in their bodies and depending upon their composition, contribute to either normal physiology or pathophysiology. This article provides a general foundation for learning about host-commensal microbial interactions as an emerging area of research. The article is divided into two sections. The first section is dedicated to introducing commensal microbiota and its known effects on the host. The second section is on metabolites, which are biochemicals that the host and the microbes use for bi-directional communication with each other. Together, the sections review what is known about how microbes interact with the host to impact cardiovascular physiology, especially blood pressure regulation. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1731-1757, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Saroj Chakraborty
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Juthika Mandal
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Xue Mei
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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105
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Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031016. [PMID: 33801082 PMCID: PMC8003974 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics microorganisms exert their health-associated activities through some of the following general actions: competitive exclusion, enhancement of intestinal barrier function, production of bacteriocins, improvement of altered microbiota, and modulation of the immune response. Among them, Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 has become one of the most promising probiotics and it has been described to possess potential beneficial effects on inflammatory processes and immunological alterations. Different studies, preclinical and clinical trials, have evidenced its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and elucidated the precise mechanisms of action involved in its beneficial effects. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the effect on host health, mechanisms, and future therapeutic approaches.
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106
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Robles-Vera I, de la Visitación N, Toral M, Sánchez M, Gómez-Guzmán M, Jiménez R, Romero M, Duarte J. Mycophenolate mediated remodeling of gut microbiota and improvement of gut-brain axis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111189. [PMID: 33388596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota has a role in the host blood pressure (BP) regulation. The immunosuppressive drug mofetil mycophenolate (MMF) ameliorates hypertension. The present study analyzes whether MMF improves dysbiosis in a genetic model of hypertension. Twenty weeks old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomly divided into three groups: untreated WKY, untreated SHR, and SHR treated with MMF for 5 weeks. MMF treatment restored gut bacteria from the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and acetate- and lactate-producing bacteria to levels similar to those found in WKY, increasing butyrate-producing bacteria. MMF increased the percentage of anaerobic bacteria in the gut. The improvement of gut dysbiosis was associated with an enhanced colonic integrity and a decreased sympathetic drive in the gut. MMF inhibited neuroinflammation in the paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus. MMF increased the lower regulatory T cells proportion in mesenteric lymph nodes and Th17 and Th1 infiltration in aorta, improved aortic endothelial function and reduced systolic BP. This study demonstrates for the first time that MMF reduces gut dysbiosis in SHR. This effect could be related to its capability to improve gut integrity due to reduced sympathetic drive in the gut associated to the reduced brain neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Néstor de la Visitación
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Toral
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
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107
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Supernatants of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Exhibited Antioxidative Effects on A7R5 Cells. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020452. [PMID: 33671556 PMCID: PMC7927071 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in cardiovascular diseases and the antioxidative effects of probiotics have been widely reported. To screen the probiotic strains that may prevent cardiovascular diseases, we tested the antioxidative effects of supernatants of different Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains on A7R5 cells. Preincubation with supernatants of B. longum CCFM752, L. plantarum CCFM1149, or L. plantarum CCFM10 significantly suppressed the angiotensin II-induced increases in ROS levels and increased catalase (CAT) activity in A7R5, whereas CCFM752 inhibited NADPH oxidase activation and CCFM1149 enhanced the intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity simultaneously. Treatment with CCFM752, CCFM1149, or CCFM10 supernatants had no significant impact on transcriptional levels of Cat, Sod1, Sod2, Nox1, p22phox, or p47phox, but altered the overall transcriptomic profile and the expression of genes relevant to protein biosynthesis, and up-regulated the 60S ribosomal protein L7a (Rpl7a). A positive correlation between Rpl7a expression and intracellular CAT activity implied that Rpl7a may participate in CAT synthesis in A7R5. Supernatant of CCFM752 could also down-regulate the expression of NADPH oxidase activator 1 (Noxa1) and angiotensinogen in A7R5. Collectively, the probiotic strains CCFM752, CCFM1149, and CCFM10 exhibited antioxidative attributes on A7R5 cells and might help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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108
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Grylls A, Seidler K, Neil J. Link between microbiota and hypertension: Focus on LPS/TLR4 pathway in endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, and therapeutic implication of probiotics. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111334. [PMID: 33556874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) presents a significant public health challenge. Recent findings suggest that altered microbiota can exert a hypertensive effect on the host. One of the possible mechanisms involved is the chronic translocation of its components, mainly lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into systemic circulation leading to metabolic endotoxemia. In animal models, LPS has been commonly used to induce endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. In human studies, plasma LPS concentration has been positively correlated with hypertension, however, the mechanistic link has not been fully elucidated. It is hypothesised here that the LPS-induced direct alterations to the vascular endothelium and resulting hypertension are possible targets for probiotic intervention. The methodology of this review involved a systematic search of the literature with critical appraisal of papers. Three tranches of search were performed: 1) existing review papers; 2) primary mechanistic animal, in vitro and human studies; and 3) primary intervention studies. A total of 70 peer-reviewed papers were included across the three tranches and critically appraised using SIGN50 for human studies and the ARRIVE guidelines for animal studies. The extracted information was coded into key themes and summarized in a narrative analysis. Results highlight the role of LPS in the activation of endothelial toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) initiating a cascade of interrelated signalling pathways including: 1) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase/ Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/ Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway leading to endothelial dysfunction; and 2) Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways leading to vascular inflammation. Findings from animal intervention studies suggest an improvement in vasorelaxation, vascular inflammation and hypertension following probiotic supplementation, which was mediated by downregulation of LPS-induced pathways. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews provided some evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of probiotics with statistically significant antihypertensive effect in clinical samples and may offer a viable intervention for the management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Grylls
- Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management, Chapel Gardens, 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham RG40 1DH, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Karin Seidler
- Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management, Chapel Gardens, 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham RG40 1DH, England, United Kingdom
| | - James Neil
- Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management, Chapel Gardens, 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham RG40 1DH, England, United Kingdom
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109
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Palmu J, Lahti L, Niiranen T. Targeting Gut Microbiota to Treat Hypertension: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1248. [PMID: 33561095 PMCID: PMC7908114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While hypertension remains the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the pathogenesis of essential hypertension remains only partially understood. Recently, microbial dysbiosis has been associated with multiple chronic diseases closely related to hypertension. In addition, multiple small-scale animal and human studies have provided promising results for the association between gut microbial dysbiosis and hypertension. Animal models and a small human pilot study, have demonstrated that high salt intake, a risk factor for both hypertension and cardiovascular disease, depletes certain Lactobacillus species while oral treatment of Lactobacilli prevented salt-sensitive hypertension. To date, four large cohort studies have reported modest associations between gut microbiota features and hypertension. In this systematic literature review, we examine the previously reported links between the gut microbiota and hypertension and what is known about the functional mechanisms behind this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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110
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Ishimwe JA, Akinleye A, Johnson AC, Garrett MR, Sasser JM. Gestational gut microbial remodeling is impaired in a rat model of preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:125-136. [PMID: 33491590 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00121.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a progressive hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting 2%-8% of pregnancies globally. Preexisting chronic hypertension is a major risk factor associated with developing preeclampsia, and growing evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in the development of preeclampsia. However, neither alterations in the gut microbiome associated with preeclampsia nor the mechanisms involved are fully understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that normal gestational maternal gut microbiome remodeling is impaired in the Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rat model of superimposed preeclampsia. Gut microbiome profiles of pregnant Dahl S, normal pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD), and matched virgin controls were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline; during early, middle, and late pregnancy; and 1-wk postpartum. Dahl S rats had significantly higher abundance in Proteobacteria, and multiple genera were significantly different from SD rats at baseline. The pregnant SD displayed a significant increase in Proteobacteria and genera such as Helicobacter, but these were not different between pregnant and virgin Dahl S rats. By late pregnancy, Dahl S rats had significantly lower α-diversity and Firmicutes compared with their virgin Dahl S controls. β-diversity was significantly different among groups (P < 0.001). KEGG metabolic pathways including those associated with short-chain fatty acids were different in Dahl S pregnancy but not in SD pregnancy. These results reveal an association between chronic hypertension and gut microbiome dysbiosis which may hinder pregnancy-specific remodeling in the gut microbial composition during superimposed preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Ishimwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adesanya Akinleye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jennifer M Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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111
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Lin YM, Badrealam KF, Kuo WW, Lai PF, Shao-Tsu Chen W, Hsuan Day C, Ho TJ, Viswanadha VP, Shibu MA, Huang CY. Nerolidol improves cardiac function in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting cardiac inflammation and remodelling associated TLR4/ NF-κB signalling cascade. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 147:111837. [PMID: 33212213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important mediator of hypertension and AngII induced cardiac inflammation and remodelling. In this study, the potential of nerolidol to ameliorate hypertension induced cardiac injuries and the underlying mechanism of action was explored by using in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro analysis was performed on AngII challenged H9c2 cells and their ability to overcome cardiac inflammation and cardiac remodelling effects was determined by evaluating TLR4/NF-κB signalling cascade using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The results were further ascertained using in vivo experiments. Eighteen week old male rats were randomly allocated into different groups i.e. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, hypertensive SHRs, SHRs treated with a low-dose (75 mg/kg b.w) and high-dose of nerolidol (150 mg/kg b.w) and SHRs treated with captopril (50 mg/kg b.w) through oral gauge and finally analysed through echocardiography, histopathological techniques and molecular analysis. The results show that nerilodol target TLR4/NF-κB signalling and thereby attenuate hypertension associated inflammation and oxidative stress thereby provides effective cardioprotection. Echocardiography analysis showed that nerolidol improved cardiac functional characteristics including Ejection Fraction and Fractional Shortening in the SHRs. Collectively, the data of the study demonstrates nerolidol as a cardio-protective agent against hypertension induced cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan
| | - Khan Farheen Badrealam
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei Fang Lai
- Emergency Department, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - William Shao-Tsu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tzu Chi General Hospital, 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan; School of Medicine Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Post‑Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | | | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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112
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Maldonado-Lobón JA, Blanco-Rojo R, Maldonado J, Ali MA, Almazán MV, Suanes-Cabello A, Callejón E, Jaldo R, Benavídes MR, Negrillo AM, Sañudo A, Rodríguez C, Bañuelos O, Fonollá J, Olivares M. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 for infantile colic treatment: an open-label, parallel, randomised, controlled trial. Benef Microbes 2020; 12:55-67. [PMID: 33350361 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infantile colic is a prevalent condition characterised by excessive crying with no effective treatment available. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 and a combination of this and Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 versus simethicone in reducing the daily time spent crying in colicky infants. A multicentre randomised, open-label, parallel, controlled trial of 28 days was performed in 150 infants who were diagnosed with colic according to the Rome III criteria and who randomly received simethicone (80 mg/day; Simethicone group), B. breve CECT7263 (2×108 cfu/day, Bb group), or a combination of L. fermentum CECT5716 and B. breve CECT7263 (1×108 cfu/day per strain, Bb+Lf group). The main outcomes were minutes of crying per day and the percentage of reduction in daily crying from baseline. Data were analysed per intention to treat. All treatments significantly decreased the daily crying time at the end of the intervention (P-time <0.001). However, the infants in the Bb group had significantly decreased crying time from the first week of the study (P<0.05), whereas the Bb+Lf group and the simethicone group had significantly decreased crying time from the second week (P<0.05). The percentage of reduction in the minutes of crying from baseline in the Bb group was significantly higher than that in the Simethicone group every week of the intervention (-40.3 vs -27.6% at 1-week; -59.2 vs -43.2% at 2-weeks; -64.5 vs -53.5% at 3-week and -68.5 vs -59.5% at 4-weeks, P<0.05). Additionally, in the Bb group, infants had better night sleep, and parents reported a more positive mood at the end of the intervention. All the products used in the study were safe and well tolerated. In conclusion, the breastmilk-isolated probiotic strain B. breve CECT7263 is a safe and effective treatment for infantile colic, presenting an earlier and more robust effect than the reference prescribed drug, simethicone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Blanco-Rojo
- Biosearch Life, Camino de Purchil 66, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | - J Maldonado
- Pediatric Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain Calle Ribera del Beiro s/n, 18014 Granada, Spain.,Pediatric Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS), Granada, Spain.,Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Ali
- Pediatric Clinic Roquetas de Mar, Avda. Rector Gustavo Villapalos, 17, 04740 Roquetas de Mar, Almería, Spain
| | - M V Almazán
- Maracena Healthcare Centre, Camino de los Eriales s/n, 18200 Maracena, Granada, Spain
| | - A Suanes-Cabello
- Poniente Healthcare Centre, Calle Rafael Márquez Mazzantini, s/n, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - E Callejón
- Pediatric Clinic Roquetas de Mar, Avda. Rector Gustavo Villapalos, 17, 04740 Roquetas de Mar, Almería, Spain
| | - R Jaldo
- Peligros Healthcare Centre, Calle Valencia, s/n, 18210 Peligros, Granada, Spain
| | - M R Benavídes
- Pediatric Clinic Roquetas de Mar, Avda. Rector Gustavo Villapalos, 17, 04740 Roquetas de Mar, Almería, Spain
| | - A M Negrillo
- La Magdalena Healthcare Centre, Calle Travesía Bobadilla Alta, 1, 23004 Jaén, Spain
| | - A Sañudo
- Biosearch Life, Camino de Purchil 66, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez
- Biosearch Life, Camino de Purchil 66, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | - O Bañuelos
- Biosearch Life, Camino de Purchil 66, 18004 Granada, Spain
| | - J Fonollá
- Biosearch Life, Camino de Purchil 66, 18004 Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- Biosearch Life, Camino de Purchil 66, 18004 Granada, Spain
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113
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da Silva Duarte V, dos Santos Cruz BC, Tarrah A, Sousa Dias R, de Paula Dias Moreira L, Lemos Junior WJF, Fidélis Silva LC, Rocha Santana G, Licursi de Oliveira L, Gouveia Peluzio MDC, Mantovani HC, Corich V, Giacomini A, de Paula SO. Chemoprevention of DMH-Induced Early Colon Carcinogenesis in Male BALB/c Mice by Administration of Lactobacillus Paracasei DTA81. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121994. [PMID: 33327620 PMCID: PMC7765108 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of the probiotic candidate Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 (DTA81) on liver oxidative stress, colonic cytokine profile, and gut microbiota in mice with induced early colon carcinogenesis (CRC) by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Animals were divided into four different groups (n = 6) and received the following treatments via orogastric gavage for 8 weeks: Group skim milk (GSM): 300 mg/freeze-dried skim milk/day; Group L. paracasei DTA81 (DTA81): 3 × 109 colony-forming units (CFU)/day; Group Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG): 3 × 109 CFU/day; Group non-intervention (GNI): 0.1 mL/water/day. A single DMH dose (20 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p), weekly, in all animals (seven applications in total). At the end of the experimental period, DTA81 intake reduced hepatic levels of carbonyl protein and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, low levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17, as well as a reduced expression level of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed in colonic homogenates. Lastly, animals who received DTA81 showed an intestinal enrichment of the genus Ruminiclostridium and increased concentrations of caecal acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, this study indicates that the administration of the probiotic candidate DTA81 can have beneficial effects on the initial stages of CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius da Silva Duarte
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (V.d.S.D.); (A.T.); (L.d.P.D.M.); (V.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (L.C.F.S.); (H.C.M.)
| | - Bruna Cristina dos Santos Cruz
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (B.C.d.S.C.); (M.d.C.G.P.)
| | - Armin Tarrah
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (V.d.S.D.); (A.T.); (L.d.P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Roberto Sousa Dias
- Department of General Biology, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitario, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (R.S.D.); (G.R.S.); (L.L.d.O.)
| | - Luiza de Paula Dias Moreira
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (V.d.S.D.); (A.T.); (L.d.P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Lívia Carneiro Fidélis Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (L.C.F.S.); (H.C.M.)
| | - Gabriele Rocha Santana
- Department of General Biology, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitario, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (R.S.D.); (G.R.S.); (L.L.d.O.)
| | - Leandro Licursi de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitario, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (R.S.D.); (G.R.S.); (L.L.d.O.)
| | - Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (B.C.d.S.C.); (M.d.C.G.P.)
| | - Hilario Cuquetto Mantovani
- Department of Microbiology, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (L.C.F.S.); (H.C.M.)
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (V.d.S.D.); (A.T.); (L.d.P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Universitá, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (V.d.S.D.); (A.T.); (L.d.P.D.M.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (S.O.d.P.); Tel.: +39-328-0390077 (A.G.); +55-31-3612-5016 (S.O.d.P.)
| | - Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
- Department of General Biology, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitario, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, 36570-900 Vicosa, Brazil; (R.S.D.); (G.R.S.); (L.L.d.O.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (S.O.d.P.); Tel.: +39-328-0390077 (A.G.); +55-31-3612-5016 (S.O.d.P.)
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114
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Pakhomov N, Baugh JA. The role of diet-derived short-chain fatty acids in regulating cardiac pressure overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H475-H486. [PMID: 33306446 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00573.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern world whose increasing prevalence is associated with "Western" diet and sedentary lifestyles. Of particular concern is the increasing burden of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that involves complex pathophysiology and is difficult to treat. Pressure overload caused by hypertension (HTN) is the predominant driver of cardiac injury, left ventricular hypertrophy, and fibrosis that progresses to diastolic dysfunction and ultimately HFpEF. Although pharmacological control of blood pressure may affect the degree of pressure overload, such therapies are largely ineffective in established HFpEF, and there is a need to modulate the festering inflammatory and fibrotic response to injury to halt and perhaps reverse pathology. An emerging literature indicates potentially important links between the gut microbiota, dietary soluble fiber, and microbiota-derived metabolites that modulate blood pressure and the immune response. In particular, high-fiber diets demonstrate protective properties in systemic hypertension and left-sided cardiac pathology, and this action is closely associated with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Mechanisms underlying the beneficial action of SCFAs in immunity and the systemic circulation could potentially be applied to the treatment of hypertension and the cardiac damage it causes. In this review, we discuss the potential beneficial effects of SCFAs, with an emphasis on mechanisms that are involved in cardiac responses to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Pakhomov
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Baugh
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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115
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Mycophenolate Improves Brain-Gut Axis Inducing Remodeling of Gut Microbiota in DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121199. [PMID: 33260593 PMCID: PMC7761232 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is involved in the host blood pressure (BP) regulation. The immunosuppressive drug mofetil mycophenolate (MMF) ameliorates hypertension. The present study analyzed whether MMF improves dysbiosis in mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: untreated (CTR), deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt, and DOCA treated with MMF for 4 weeks. MMF treatment reduced systolic BP, improved endothelial dysfunction, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in aorta. A clear separation in the gut bacterial community between CTR and DOCA groups was found, whereas the cluster belonging to DOCA-MMF group was found to be intermixed. No changes were found at the phylum level among all experimental groups. MMF restored the elevation in lactate-producing bacteria found in DOCA-salt joined to an increase in the acetate-producing bacteria. MMF restored the percentage of anaerobic bacteria in the DOCA-salt group to values similar to control rats. The improvement of gut dysbiosis was associated with an enhanced colonic integrity and a decreased sympathetic drive in the gut. MMF inhibited neuroinflammation in the paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus. This study demonstrates for the first time that MMF reduces gut dysbiosis in DOCA-salt hypertension models. This effect seems to be related to its capacity to improve gut integrity due to reduced sympathetic drive in the gut associated with reduced brain neuroinflammation.
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116
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Robles-Vera I, Toral M, Duarte J. Microbiota and Hypertension: Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System and the Immune System. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:890-901. [PMID: 32614942 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous studies indicating a direct association between hypertension and gut microbiota in both animal models and humans. In this review, we focused on the imbalance in the gut microbiota composition relative to healthy state or homeostasis, termed dysbiosis, associated with hypertension and discuss the current knowledge regarding how microbiota regulates blood pressure (BP), involving the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system. The profile of ecological parameters and bacterial genera composition of gut dysbiosis in hypertension varies according to the experimental model of hypertension. Recent evidence supports that gut microbiota can protect or promote the development of hypertension by interacting with gut secondary lymph organs and altering T helper 17/regulatory T cells polarization, with subsequent changes in T cells infiltration in vascular tissues. Here, we also describe the bidirectional communication between the microbiome and the host via the sympathetic nervous system and its role in BP regulation. Dysbiosis in hypertension is mainly associated with reduced proportions of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, mainly acetate- and butyrate-producing bacteria, and an increased enrichment of the genes for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and export, lending to moderate endotoxemia. The role of these metabolic and structural products in both immune and sympathetic system regulation and vascular inflammation was also analyzed. Overall, gut microbiota is now recognized as a well-established target to dietary interventions with prebiotics or probiotics to reduce BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Toral
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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117
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Muralitharan RR, Jama HA, Xie L, Peh A, Snelson M, Marques FZ. Microbial Peer Pressure: The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Hypertension and Its Complications. HYPERTENSION (DALLAS, TEX. : 1979) 2020; 76:1674-1687. [PMID: 33012206 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the influence of the gut microbiota on hypertension and its complications, such as chronic kidney disease, stroke, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. This is not surprising considering that the most common risk factors for hypertension, such as age, sex, medication, and diet, can also impact the gut microbiota. For example, sodium and fermentable fiber have been studied in relation to both hypertension and the gut microbiota. By combining second- and, now, third-generation sequencing with metabolomics approaches, metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, and their producers, have been identified and are now known to affect host physiology and the cardiovascular system. The receptors that bind these metabolites have also been explored with positive findings-examples include known short-chain fatty acid receptors, such as G-protein coupled receptors GPR41, GPR43, GPR109a, and OLF78 in mice. GPR41 and OLF78 have been shown to have inverse roles in blood pressure regulation, whereas GPR43 and GPR109A have to date been demonstrated to impact cardiac function. New treatment options in the form of prebiotics (eg, dietary fiber), probiotics (eg, Lactobacillus spp.), and postbiotics (eg, the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate) have all been demonstrated to be beneficial in lowering blood pressure in animal models, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and translation to hypertensive patients is still lacking. Here, we review the evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in hypertension, its risk factors, and cardiorenal complications and identify future directions for this exciting and fast-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikeish R Muralitharan
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (R.R.M.)
| | - Hamdi A Jama
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (H.A.J., F.Z.M.)
| | - Liang Xie
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia (L.X.)
| | - Alex Peh
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School (M.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- From the Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science (R.R.M., H.A.J., L.X., A.P., F.Z.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (H.A.J., F.Z.M.)
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Implication of Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5394096. [PMID: 33062141 PMCID: PMC7533754 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5394096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has identified the association between gut microbiota and various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Altered intestinal flora composition has been described in detail in CVDs, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmia. In contrast, the importance of fermentation metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and secondary bile acid (BA), has also been implicated in CVD development, prevention, treatment, and prognosis. The potential mechanisms are conventionally thought to involve immune regulation, host energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. However, numerous types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and clockophagy, also serve as a key link in microbiome-host cross talk. In this review, we introduced and summarized the results from recent studies dealing with the relationship between gut microbiota and cardiac disorders, highlighting the role of programmed cell death. We hope to shed light on microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies in CVD management.
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119
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Maternal N-Acetylcysteine Therapy Prevents Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Offspring: Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide-Generating Pathway and Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090856. [PMID: 32933169 PMCID: PMC7554905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can come from early life. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) precursor as well as an antioxidant, has antihypertensive effect. We investigated whether maternal NAC therapy can protect spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) male offspring against hypertension. The pregnant rats were assigned to four groups: SHRs without treatment; Wistar Kyoto (WKY) without treatment; SHR+NAC, SHRs received 1% NAC in drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation; and, WKY+NAC, WKY rats received 1% NAC in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring (n = 8/group) were killed at 12 weeks of age. Maternal NAC therapy prevented the rise in systolic blood pressure (BP) in male SHR offspring at 12 weeks of age. Renal cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (3MST) protein levels and H2S-releasing activity were increased in the SHR+NAC offspring. Maternal NAC therapy increased fecal H2S and thiosulfate levels in the SHR+NAC group. Additionally, maternal NAC therapy differentially shaped gut microbiota and caused a distinct enterotype in each group. The protective effect of maternal NAC therapy against hypertension in SHR offspring is related to increased phylum Actinobacteria and genera Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum, but decreased phylum Verrucomicrobia, genera Turicibacter, and Akkermansia. Several microbes were identified as microbial markers, including genera Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Holdemania, and Turicibacter. Our results indicated that antioxidant therapy by NAC in pregnant SHRs can prevent the developmental programming of hypertension in male adult offspring. Our findings highlight the interrelationships among H2S-generating pathway in the kidneys and gut, gut microbiota, and hypertension. The implications of maternal NAC therapy elicited long-term protective effects on hypertension in later life that still await further clinical translation.
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O'Connor KM, Lucking EF, Bastiaanssen TFS, Peterson VL, Crispie F, Cotter PD, Clarke G, Cryan JF, O'Halloran KD. Prebiotic administration modulates gut microbiota and faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations but does not prevent chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced apnoea and hypertension in adult rats. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102968. [PMID: 32861200 PMCID: PMC7475129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accruing to suggest that microbiota-gut-brain signalling plays a regulatory role in cardiorespiratory physiology. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), modelling human sleep apnoea, affects gut microbiota composition and elicits cardiorespiratory morbidity. We investigated if treatment with prebiotics ameliorates cardiorespiratory dysfunction in CIH-exposed rats. METHODS Adult male rats were exposed to CIH (96 cycles/day, 6.0% O2 at nadir) for 14 consecutive days with and without prebiotic supplementation (fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides) beginning two weeks prior to gas exposures. FINDINGS CIH increased apnoea index and caused hypertension. CIH exposure had modest effects on the gut microbiota, decreasing the relative abundance of Lactobacilli species, but had no effect on microbial functional characteristics. Faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, plasma and brainstem pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations and brainstem neurochemistry were unaffected by exposure to CIH. Prebiotic administration modulated gut microbiota composition and diversity, altering gut-metabolic (GMMs) and gut-brain (GBMs) modules and increased faecal acetic and propionic acid concentrations, but did not prevent adverse CIH-induced cardiorespiratory phenotypes. INTERPRETATION CIH-induced cardiorespiratory dysfunction is not dependant upon changes in microbial functional characteristics and decreased faecal SCFA concentrations. Prebiotic-related modulation of microbial function and resultant increases in faecal SCFAs were not sufficient to prevent CIH-induced apnoea and hypertension in our model. Our results do not exclude the potential for microbiota-gut-brain axis involvement in OSA-related cardiorespiratory morbidity, but they demonstrate that in a relatively mild model of CIH, sufficient to evoke classic cardiorespiratory dysfunction, such changes are not obligatory for the development of morbidity, but may become relevant in the elaboration and maintenance of cardiorespiratory morbidity with progressive disease. FUNDING Department of Physiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland. APC Microbiome Ireland is funded by Science Foundation Ireland, through the Government's National Development Plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric F Lucking
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Fiona Crispie
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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121
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Yang F, Chen H, Gao Y, An N, Li X, Pan X, Yang X, Tian L, Sun J, Xiong X, Xing Y. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and hypertension: Mechanism and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110503. [PMID: 34321175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is an growing emerging health issue around across the world. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of dysbacteriosis in HTN and its underlying mechanism. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are novel metabolites of intestinal flora, exert substantial regulatory effects on HTN, providing an exciting avenue for novel therapies for this disease. They function primarily by activating transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors and inhibiting histone acetylation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the complex interaction between SCFAs and gut microbiota composition to lower blood pressure by regulating the brain-gut and kidney-gut axes, and the role of high-salt diet, immune system, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mechanism in the development of HTN. Furthermore, we also discuss the various treatment strategies for HTN, including diet, antibiotics, probiotics, fecal microflora transplantation, and traditional Chinese medicine. In conclusion, manipulation of SCFAs opens new avenues to improve treatment of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hengwen Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na An
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiandu Pan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Tian
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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122
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Robles‐Vera I, Visitación N, Toral M, Sánchez M, Romero M, Gómez‐Guzmán M, Yang T, Izquierdo‐García JL, Guerra‐Hernández E, Ruiz‐Cabello J, Raizada MK, Pérez‐Vizcaíno F, Jiménez R, Duarte J. Probiotic
Bifidobacterium breve
prevents DOCA‐salt hypertension. FASEB J 2020; 34:13626-13640. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001532r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Robles‐Vera
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Néstor Visitación
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Marta Toral
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Madrid Spain
- CIBER‐Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV) Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- CIBER‐Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez‐Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Tao Yang
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH USA
| | | | | | | | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Francisco Pérez‐Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) Madrid Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- CIBER‐Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- CIBER‐Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
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O'Connor KM, Lucking EF, Cryan JF, O'Halloran KD. Bugs, breathing and blood pressure: microbiota-gut-brain axis signalling in cardiorespiratory control in health and disease. J Physiol 2020; 598:4159-4179. [PMID: 32652603 DOI: 10.1113/jp280279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is clear evidence of physiological effects of the gut microbiota on whole-body function in health and disease. Microbiota-gut-brain axis signalling is recognised as a key player in behavioural disorders such as depression and anxiety. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota affects neurocontrol networks responsible for homeostatic functions that are essential for life. We consider the evidence suggesting the potential for the gut microbiota to shape cardiorespiratory homeostasis. In various animal models of disease, there is an association between cardiorespiratory morbidity and perturbed gut microbiota, with strong evidence in support of a role of the gut microbiota in the control of blood pressure. Interventions that target the gut microbiota or manipulate the gut-brain axis, such as short-chain fatty acid supplementation, prevent hypertension in models of obstructive sleep apnoea. Emerging evidence points to a role for the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the control of breathing and ventilatory responsiveness, relevant to cardiorespiratory disease. There is also evidence for an association between the gut microbiota and disease severity in people with asthma and cystic fibrosis. There are many gaps in the knowledge base and an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms by which gut health and dysbiosis contribute to cardiorespiratory control. Nevertheless, there is a growing consensus that manipulation of the gut microbiota could prove an efficacious adjunctive strategy in the treatment of common cardiorespiratory diseases, which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric F Lucking
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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