101
|
Gahir S, Bharath P, Raghavendra AS. Stomatal Closure Sets in Motion Long-Term Strategies of Plant Defense Against Microbial Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761952. [PMID: 34646293 PMCID: PMC8502850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
|
102
|
Agurla S, Sunitha V, Raghavendra AS. Methyl salicylate is the most effective natural salicylic acid ester to close stomata while raising reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in Arabidopsis guard cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:276-283. [PMID: 33152646 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modulation by salicylic acid (SA) and its six esters of stomatal closure was evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana. The seven compounds tested are salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylate (ASA), methyl salicylate (MeSA), propyl salicylate (PrSA), amyl salicylate, benzyl salicylate, and salicin. Among these, MeSA was the most effective to induce stomatal closure, followed by salicin and SA, while ASA was the least effective. Since SA, ASA, and MeSA could modulate plant function, the effects of these three compounds on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells were studied. MeSA and SA raised the content of ROS or NO in as with ABA. The extent of ROS/NO production in response to ASA was the lowest. Reversal by cPTIO or catalase of stomatal closure by MeSA indicated the essentiality of NO and ROS for stomatal closure. Further studies revealed peroxidase as the ROS source during stomatal closure by MeSA, unlike the dominant role of NADPH oxidase in ROS production induced by ABA. The rise in NO production by ABA or MeSA was dependent on nitrate reductase and NO synthase-like enzyme. Given its most effective nature, MeSA can be an excellent tool to examine the signaling components in guard cells and other plant tissues. The ability of MeSA to induce stomatal closure is physiologically relevant because of its volatile nature, stability, and systemic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Agurla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vaidya Sunitha
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Cen W, Zhao W, Ma M, Lu S, Liu J, Cao Y, Zeng Z, Wei H, Wang S, Li R, Luo J. The Wild Rice Locus CTS-12 Mediates ABA-Dependent Stomatal Opening Modulation to Limit Water Loss Under Severe Chilling Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:575699. [PMID: 33193516 PMCID: PMC7661758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.575699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A near-isogenic line (NIL) DC90 which was generated by introgressing a wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) locus CTS-12 into the 9311(Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) background confers chilling tolerance phenotype. Here, our pilot trials showed that chilling tolerance was positively correlated with abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. To understand how CTS-12 mediated the ABA-dependent multi-levels of regulation, the integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling using the two-way orthogonal projections to latent structures (O2PLS) and discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) modeling was performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying chilling tolerance. Our results revealed that metabolic shifts, including the activation of stachyose biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism pathways, phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthesis, ABA biosynthesis, and perturbation of glycolysis, occurred under chilling treatment; in the recovery period, glutamate-related pathways, β-alanine biosynthesis and degradation, and serotonin biosynthesis pathways were differentiated between 9311 and DC90. Particularly, the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including galactinol, β-alanine, glutamate, naringenin, serotonin, ABA, and LOC_Os03g44380 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3, OsNCED3), might be involved in the chilling tolerance variation of 9311 and DC90. CRISPR/Cas9-edited OsNCED3 resulted in chilling sensitive of japonica rice ZH11, demonstrating the involvement of ABA pathway in chilling stress response. In addition, chilling tolerance of rice was associated with the balance of water uptake and loss that was modulated by stomatal movement under chilling stress. Therefore, we speculated that the CTS-12-mediated ABA signaling pathway leads to transcriptional regulation of chilling-responsive genes and, in turn, triggers metabolic shifts to coordinately regulate the stomatal movement of guard cells. The results of this study improve our understanding of the multilevel regulation of wild rice in response to chilling stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Cen
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenlong Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingqing Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaqi Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hanxing Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shaokui Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongbai Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jijing Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Tang X, Ghimire S, Liu W, Fu X, Zhang H, Zhang N, Si H. Potato E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB27 negatively regulates drought tolerance by mediating stomatal movement. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:557-563. [PMID: 32912489 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is one of the main ways of eukaryotic protein degradation and post-translational modification. It has proven as an essential process for plants to respond to abiotic stresses. Plant U-box (PUB) protein acts as a ubiquitin ligase, which recognizes and ubiquitinates the target proteins. Many PUBs have been involved in water stress in Arabidopsis and rice, but similar comprehensive studies in potato remained limited. In this study, the overexpressed and interfered transgenic potato plants of StPUB27 were obtained and their performances were evaluated under osmotic stress. The result showed that overexpression of StPUB27 accelerated the dehydration of detached leaves companied with greater stomatal conductance, while the down-regulated StPUB27 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) showed a smaller stomatal conductance and a lower rate of water loss in detached leaves, thus showing higher tolerance to osmotic stress. In addition, no significant changes in the proline content were observed between StPUB27 overexpressed and RNAi potato plants. The result demonstrated that potato E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB27 may negatively regulate drought tolerance by mediating stomatal conductance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shantwana Ghimire
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weigang Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China; College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Fu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaijun Si
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Augustyniak A, Pawłowicz I, Lechowicz K, Izbiańska-Jankowska K, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Rapacz M, Perlikowski D, Kosmala A. Freezing Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms is Associated with the High Activity of Antioxidant System and Adjustment of Photosynthetic Activity under Cold Acclimation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165899. [PMID: 32824486 PMCID: PMC7460622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Though winter-hardiness is a complex trait, freezing tolerance was proved to be its main component. Species from temperate regions acquire tolerance to freezing in a process of cold acclimation, which is associated with the exposure of plants to low but non-freezing temperatures. However, mechanisms of cold acclimation in Lolium-Festuca grasses, important for forage production in Europe, have not been fully recognized. Thus, two L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct freezing tolerance were used herein as models in the comprehensive research to dissect these mechanisms in that group of plants. The work was focused on: (i) analysis of cellular membranes' integrity; (ii) analysis of plant photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes of the Calvin cycle); (iii) analysis of plant antioxidant capacity (reactive oxygen species generation; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes); and (iv) analysis of Cor14b accumulation, under cold acclimation. The more freezing tolerant introgression form revealed a higher integrity of membranes, an ability to cold acclimate its photosynthetic apparatus and higher water use efficiency after three weeks of cold acclimation, as well as a higher capacity of the antioxidant system and a lower content of reactive oxygen species in low temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Augustyniak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Lechowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Karolina Izbiańska-Jankowska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.I.-J.); (M.A.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.I.-J.); (M.A.-J.)
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.A.); (I.P.); (K.L.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Lourkisti R, Froelicher Y, Herbette S, Morillon R, Tomi F, Gibernau M, Giannettini J, Berti L, Santini J. Triploid Citrus Genotypes Have a Better Tolerance to Natural Chilling Conditions of Photosynthetic Capacities and Specific Leaf Volatile Organic Compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:330. [PMID: 32391024 PMCID: PMC7189121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures during winter are one of the main constraints for citrus crop. Polyploid rootstocks can be used for improving tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as cold stress. Because the produced fruit are seedless, using triploid scions is one of the most promising approaches to satisfy consumer expectations. In this study, we evaluated how the triploidy of new citrus varieties influences their sensitivity to natural chilling temperatures. We compared their behavior to that of diploid citrus, their parents (Fortune mandarin and Ellendale tangor), and one diploid clementine tree, as reference, focusing on photosynthesis parameters, oxidative metabolism, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in leaves. Triploid varieties appeared to be more tolerant than diploid ones to natural low temperatures, as evidenced by better photosynthetic properties (Pnet, gs, Fv/Fm , ETR/P net ratio), without relying on a better antioxidant system. The VOC levels were not influenced by chilling temperatures; however, they were affected by the ploidy level and atypical chemotypes were found in triploid varieties, with the highest proportions of E-β-ocimene and linalool. Such compounds may contribute to better stress adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radia Lourkisti
- CNRS, Equipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | | | | | - Raphael Morillon
- Equipe “Amélioration des Plantes à Multiplication Végétative”, UMR AGAP, Département BIOS, CIRAD, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe
| | - Félix Tomi
- CNRS, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Marc Gibernau
- CNRS, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Jean Giannettini
- CNRS, Equipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Liliane Berti
- CNRS, Equipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Jérémie Santini
- CNRS, Equipe de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Jin D, Wang X, Xu Y, Gui H, Zhang H, Dong Q, Sikder RK, Yang G, Song M. Chemical Defoliant Promotes Leaf Abscission by Altering ROS Metabolism and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Gossypium hirsutum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082738. [PMID: 32326540 PMCID: PMC7215509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical defoliation is an important part of cotton mechanical harvesting, which can effectively reduce the impurity content. Thidiazuron (TDZ) is the most used chemical defoliant on cotton. To better clarify the mechanism of TDZ promoting cotton leaf abscission, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on two cotton cultivars (CRI 12 and CRI 49) by using 100 mg L−1 TDZ at the eight-true-leaf stage. Results showed that TDZ significantly promoted the formation of leaf abscission zone and leaf abscission. Although the antioxidant enzyme activities were improved, the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of TDZ increased significantly compared with CK (water). The photosynthesis system was destroyed as net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased dramatically by TDZ. Furthermore, comparative RNA-seq analysis of the leaves showed that all of the photosynthetic related genes were downregulated and the oxidation-reduction process participated in leaf shedding caused by TDZ. Consequently, a hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between ROS metabolism and photosynthesis jointly regulating cotton leaf abscission is proposed. Our findings not only provide important insights into leaf shedding-associated changes induced by TDZ in cotton, but also highlight the possibility that the ROS and photosynthesis may play a critical role in the organ shedding process in other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingsha Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Huiping Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Qiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ripon Kumar Sikder
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Guozheng Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming system in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562308 (M.S.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.J.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (H.G.); (H.Z.); (Q.D.); (R.K.S.)
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (M.S.); Tel.: +86-0372-2562308 (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Dubois M, Inzé D. Plant growth under suboptimal water conditions: early responses and methods to study them. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1706-1722. [PMID: 31967643 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress forms a major environmental constraint during the life cycle of plants, often decreasing plant yield and in extreme cases threatening survival. The molecular and physiological responses induced by drought have been the topic of extensive research during the past decades. Because soil-based approaches to studying drought responses are often challenging due to low throughput and insufficient control of the conditions, osmotic stress assays in plates were developed to mimic drought. Addition of compounds such as polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, or NaCl to controlled growth media has become increasingly popular since it offers the advantage of accurate control of stress level and onset. These osmotic stress assays enabled the discovery of very early stress responses, occurring within seconds or minutes following osmotic stress exposure. In this review, we construct a detailed timeline of early responses to osmotic stress, with a focus on how they initiate plant growth arrest. We further discuss the specific responses triggered by different types and severities of osmotic stress. Finally, we compare short-term plant responses under osmotic stress versus in-soil drought and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and future of these plate-based proxies for drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Dubois
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Huarancca Reyes T, Esparza E, Crestani G, Limonchi F, Cruz R, Salinas N, Scartazza A, Guglielminetti L, Cosio E. Physiological responses of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) plants to UV radiation in its high-altitude mountain ecosystem. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2654. [PMID: 32060345 PMCID: PMC7021813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a small fraction of the solar spectrum, which acts as a key environmental modulator of plant function affecting metabolic regulation and growth. Plant species endemic to the Andes are well adapted to the harsh features of high-altitude climate, including high UV radiation. Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) is a member of Brassicaceae family native to the central Andes of Peru, which grows between 3500 and 4500 m of altitude, where only highland grasses and few hardy bushes can survive. Even though maca has been the focus of recent researches, mainly due to its nutraceutical properties, knowledge regarding its adaptation mechanisms to these particular natural environmental conditions is scarce. In this study, we manipulated solar UV radiation by using UV-transmitting (Control) or blocking (UV-block) filters under field conditions (4138 m above the sea level) in order to understand the impact of UV on morphological and physiological parameters of maca crops over a complete growing season. Compared to the UV-blocking filter, under control condition a significant increase of hypocotyl weight was observed during the vegetative phase together with a marked leaf turnover. Although parameters conferring photosynthetic performance were not altered by UV, carbohydrate allocation between above and underground organs was affected. Control condition did not influence the content of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in hypocotyls, while some differences were observed in the rosettes. These differences were mainly related to leaf turnover and the protection of new young leaves in control plants. Altogether, the data suggest that maca plants respond to strong UV radiation at high altitudes by a coordinated remobilization and relocation of metabolites between source and sink organs via a possible UV signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Huarancca Reyes
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eliana Esparza
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| | - Gaia Crestani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabián Limonchi
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| | - Rudi Cruz
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| | - Norma Salinas
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guglielminetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Eric Cosio
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, 32, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Abstract
Climate change leads to global drought-induced stress and increased plant mortality. Tree species living in rapidly changing climate conditions are exposed to danger and must adapt to new climate conditions to survive. Trees respond to changes in the environment in numerous ways. Physiological modulation at the seed stage, germination strategy and further development are influenced by many different factors. We review forest abiotic threats (such as drought and heat), including biochemical responses of plants to stress, and biotic threats (pathogens and insects) related to global warming. We then discus the varied adaptations of tree species to changing climate conditions such as seed resistance to environmental stress, improved by an increase in temperature, affinity to specific fungal symbionts, a wide range of tolerance to abiotic environmental conditions in the offspring of populations occurring in continental climate, and germination strategies closely linked to the ecological niche of the species. The existing studies do not clearly indicate whether tree adaptations are shaped by epigenetics or phenology and do not define the role of phenotypic plasticity in tree development. We have created a juxtaposition of literature that is useful in identifying the factors that play key roles in these processes. We compare scientific evidence that species distribution and survival are possible due to phenotypic plasticity and thermal memory with studies that testify that trees’ phenology depends on phylogenesis, but this issue is still open. It is possible that studies in the near future will bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms through which trees adapt to stressful conditions, especially in the context of epigenetic memory in long-lived organisms, and allow us to minimize the harmful effects of climatic events by predicting tree species’ responses or by developing solutions such as assisted migration to mitigate the consequences of these phenomena.
Collapse
|
111
|
Roy PR, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Polash MAS, Hossen MZ, Hossain MA. Physiological mechanisms of exogenous calcium on alleviating salinity-induced stress in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:611-624. [PMID: 31168227 PMCID: PMC6522628 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Being more sensitive to salt stress among the cereals, growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been habitually affected by salinity. Although, several practices have evolved to sustain the growth of rice under salinity, the enormous role of calcium (Ca2+) as a signalling molecule in salt stress mitigation is still arcane. Considering this fact, an experiment was performed aiming to explicate the mechanism of salt-induced growth inhibition in rice and its alleviation by exogenous Ca2+. At germination stage, 10 mM and 15 mM CaCl2 primed rice (cv. Binadhan-10 & Binadhan-7) seeds were grown in petri dishes for 9 days under 100 mM NaCl stress. At seedling stage, 9-day-old rice seedlings grown on sand were exposed to 100 mM NaCl alone and combined with 10 mM and 15 mM CaCl2 for 15 days. This research revealed that salinity radically slowed down growth of rice seedlings and Ca2+ treatment noticeably improved growth performances. At germination stage, 10 mM CaCl2 treatment significantly increased the final germination percentage, germination rate index (in Binadhan-7), shoot, root length (89.20, 67.58% in Bindhan-10 & 84.72, 31.15% in Bindhan-7) and biomass production under salinity. Similarly, at seedling stage, 10 mM CaCl2 supplementation in salt-stressed plants enhanced shoot length (42.17, 28.76%) and shoot dry weight (339.52, 396.20%) significantly in Binadhan-10 & Binadhan-7, respectively, but enhanced root dry weight (36.76%) only in Binadhan-10. In addition, 10 mM CaCl2 supplementation on salt-stressed seedlings increased the chlorophyll and proline content, and oppressed the accretion of reactive oxygen species thus protecting from oxidative damage more pronouncedly in Binadhan-10 than Binadhan-7 as reflected by the elevated levels of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity. The 15 mM CaCl2 somehow also enhanced some growth parameters but overall was less effective than 10 mM CaCl2 to alleviate salt stress, and sometimes showed negative effect. Therefore, supplementary application of calcium-rich fertilizers in saline prone soils can be an effective approach to acclimatize salt stress and cultivate rice successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Popy Rani Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Arif Sadik Polash
- Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zakir Hossen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - M. Afzal Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|