101
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Yang Q, Guo X, Liu Y, Jiang H. Biocatalytic C-C Bond Formation for One Carbon Resource Utilization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041890. [PMID: 33672882 PMCID: PMC7918591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon-carbon bond formation has always been one of the most important reactions in C1 resource utilization. Compared to traditional organic synthesis methods, biocatalytic C-C bond formation offers a green and potent alternative for C1 transformation. In recent years, with the development of synthetic biology, more and more carboxylases and C-C ligases have been mined and designed for the C1 transformation in vitro and C1 assimilation in vivo. This article presents an overview of C-C bond formation in biocatalytic C1 resource utilization is first provided. Sets of newly mined and designed carboxylases and ligases capable of catalyzing C-C bond formation for the transformation of CO2, formaldehyde, CO, and formate are then reviewed, and their catalytic mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the current advances and the future perspectives for the development of catalysts for C1 resource utilization are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Q.Y.); (X.G.)
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Q.Y.); (X.G.)
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuwan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Q.Y.); (X.G.)
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; (Q.Y.); (X.G.)
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.J.)
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102
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Bernhardsgrütter I, Stoffel GM, Miller TE, Erb TJ. CO 2-converting enzymes for sustainable biotechnology: from mechanisms to application. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 67:80-87. [PMID: 33508634 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To realize a circular, carbon-neutral economy, it will become important to utilize the greenhouse gas CO2 as a sustainable carbon source. Carboxylases, the enzymes that capture and convert gaseous CO2 are the prime candidates to pave the way towards realizing this vision of a CO2-based bio-economy. In the last couple of years, the interest in using and engineering carboxylases has been steadily growing. Here, we discuss how basic research on the mechanism of CO2 binding and activation by carboxylases opened the way to develop new-to-nature CO2-fixing enzymes that found application in the development of synthetic CO2-fixation pathways and their further realization in vitro and in vivo. These pioneering efforts in the field pave the way to realize a diverse CO2-fixation biochemistry that can find application in biocatalysis, biotechnology, and artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Bernhardsgrütter
- Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mm Stoffel
- Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tarryn E Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias J Erb
- Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
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103
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Buhrman G, Enríquez P, Dillard L, Baer H, Truong V, Grunden AM, Rose RB. Structure, Function, and Thermal Adaptation of the Biotin Carboxylase Domain Dimer from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus 2-Oxoglutarate Carboxylase. Biochemistry 2021; 60:324-345. [PMID: 33464881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate carboxylase (OGC), a unique member of the biotin-dependent carboxylase family from the order Aquificales, captures dissolved CO2 via the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. Structure and function studies of OGC may facilitate adaptation of the rTCA cycle to increase the level of carbon fixation for biofuel production. Here we compare the biotin carboxylase (BC) domain of Hydrogenobacter thermophilus OGC with the well-studied mesophilic homologues to identify features that may contribute to thermal stability and activity. We report three OGC BC X-ray structures, each bound to bicarbonate, ADP, or ADP-Mg2+, and propose that substrate binding at high temperatures is facilitated by interactions that stabilize the flexible subdomain B in a partially closed conformation. Kinetic measurements with varying ATP and biotin concentrations distinguish two temperature-dependent steps, consistent with biotin's rate-limiting role in organizing the active site. Transition state thermodynamic values derived from the Eyring equation indicate a larger positive ΔH⧧ and a less negative ΔS⧧ compared to those of a previously reported mesophilic homologue. These thermodynamic values are explained by partially rate limiting product release. Phylogenetic analysis of BC domains suggests that OGC diverged prior to Aquificales evolution. The phylogenetic tree identifies mis-annotations of the Aquificales BC sequences, including the Aquifex aeolicus pyruvate carboxylase structure. Notably, our structural data reveal that the OGC BC dimer comprises a "wet" dimerization interface that is dominated by hydrophilic interactions and structural water molecules common to all BC domains and likely facilitates the conformational changes associated with the catalytic cycle. Mutations in the dimerization domain demonstrate that dimerization contributes to thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Buhrman
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622, United States
| | - Paul Enríquez
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622, United States
| | - Lucas Dillard
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622, United States
| | - Hayden Baer
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622, United States
| | - Vivian Truong
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622, United States
| | - Amy M Grunden
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7612, United States
| | - Robert B Rose
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622, United States
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104
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Shivaiah KK, Upton B, Nikolau BJ. Kinetic, Structural, and Mutational Analysis of Acyl-CoA Carboxylase From Thermobifida fusca YX. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:615614. [PMID: 33511159 PMCID: PMC7835884 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.615614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA carboxylases (AcCCase) are biotin-dependent enzymes that are capable of carboxylating more than one short chain acyl-CoA substrate. We have conducted structural and kinetic analyses of such an AcCCase from Thermobifida fusca YX, which exhibits promiscuity in carboxylating acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA. The enzyme consists of two catalytic subunits (TfAcCCA and TfAcCCB) and a non-catalytic subunit, TfAcCCE, and is organized in quaternary structure with a A6B6E6 stoichiometry. Moreover, this holoenzyme structure appears to be primarily assembled from two A3 and a B6E6 subcomplexes. The role of the TfAcCCE subunit is to facilitate the assembly of the holoenzyme complex, and thereby activate catalysis. Based on prior studies of an AcCCase from Streptomyces coelicolor, we explored whether a conserved Asp residue in the TfAcCCB subunit may have a role in determining the substrate selectivity of these types of enzymes. Mutating this D427 residue resulted in alterations in the substrate specificity of the TfAcCCase, increasing proficiency for carboxylating acetyl-CoA, while decreasing carboxylation proficiency with propionyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA. Collectively these results suggest that residue D427 of AcCCB subunits is an important, but not sole determinant of the substrate specificity of AcCCase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran-Kumar Shivaiah
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bryon Upton
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Basil J Nikolau
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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105
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Sirithanakorn C, Cronan JE. Biotin, a universal and essential cofactor: Synthesis, ligation and regulation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6081095. [PMID: 33428728 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotin is a covalently attached enzyme cofactor required for intermediary metabolism in all three domains of life. Several important human pathogens (e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis) require biotin synthesis for pathogenesis. Humans lack a biotin synthetic pathway hence bacterial biotin synthesis is a prime target for new therapeutic agents. The biotin synthetic pathway is readily divided into early and late segments. Although pimelate, a seven carbon α,ω-dicarboxylic acid that contributes seven of the ten biotin carbons atoms, was long known to be a biotin precursor, its biosynthetic pathway was a mystery until the E. coli pathway was discovered in 2010. Since then, diverse bacteria encode evolutionarily distinct enzymes that replace enzymes in the E. coli pathway. Two new bacterial pimelate synthesis pathways have been elucidated. In contrast to the early pathway the late pathway, assembly of the fused rings of the cofactor, was long thought settled. However, a new enzyme that bypasses a canonical enzyme was recently discovered as well as homologs of another canonical enzyme that functions in synthesis of another protein-bound coenzyme, lipoic acid. Most bacteria tightly regulate transcription of the biotin synthetic genes in a biotin-responsive manner. The bifunctional biotin ligases which catalyze attachment of biotin to its cognate enzymes and repress biotin gene transcription are best understood regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyos Sirithanakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John E Cronan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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106
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Abstract
AbstractThe capture of CO2 by carboxylases is key to sustainable biocatalysis and a carbon-neutral bio-economy, yet currently limited to few naturally existing enzymes. Here, we developed glycolyl-CoA carboxylase (GCC), a new-to-nature enzyme, by combining rational design, high-throughput microfluidics and microplate screens. During this process, GCC’s catalytic efficiency improved by three orders of magnitude to match the properties of natural CO2-fixing enzymes. We verified our active-site redesign with an atomic-resolution, 1.96-Å cryo-electron microscopy structure and engineered two more enzymes that, together with GCC, form a carboxylation module for the conversion of glycolate (C2) to glycerate (C3). We demonstrate how this module can be interfaced with natural photorespiration, ethylene glycol conversion and synthetic CO2 fixation. Based on stoichiometrical calculations, GCC is predicted to increase the carbon efficiency of all of these processes by up to 150% while reducing their theoretical energy demand, showcasing how expanding the solution space of natural metabolism provides new opportunities for biotechnology and agriculture.
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107
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Mamareli P, Kruse F, Lu CW, Guderian M, Floess S, Rox K, Allan DSJ, Carlyle JR, Brönstrup M, Müller R, Berod L, Sparwasser T, Lochner M. Targeting cellular fatty acid synthesis limits T helper and innate lymphoid cell function during intestinal inflammation and infection. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:164-176. [PMID: 32355319 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells contribute critically to a protective immune response during intestinal infections, but have also been implicated in the aggravation of intestinal inflammatory pathology. Previous studies suggested that T helper type (Th)1 and Th17 cells depend on de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis for their development and effector function. Here, we report that T-cell-specific targeting of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), a major checkpoint controlling FA synthesis, impaired intestinal Th1 and Th17 responses by limiting CD4+ T-cell expansion and infiltration into the lamina propria in murine models of colitis and infection-associated intestinal inflammation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of ACC1 by the natural compound soraphen A mirrored the anti-inflammatory effects of T-cell-specific targeting, but also enhanced susceptibility toward infection with C. rodentium. Further analysis revealed that deletion of ACC1 in RORγt+ innate lymphoid cells (ILC), but not dendritic cells or macrophages, decreased resistance to infection by interfering with IL-22 production and intestinal barrier function. Together, our study suggests pharmacological targeting of ACC1 as an effective approach for metabolic immune modulation of T-cell-driven intestinal inflammatory responses, but also reveals an important role of ACC1-mediated lipogenesis for the function of RORγt+ ILC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Mamareli
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friederike Kruse
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Guderian
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David S J Allan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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108
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Interorgan Metabolism of Amino Acids in Human Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:129-149. [PMID: 34251642 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are integral for human health, influencing an array of physiological processes from gene expression to vasodilation to the immune response. In accordance with this expansive range of unique functions, the tissues of the body engage in a complex interplay of amino acid exchange and metabolism to respond to the organism's dynamic needs for a range of nitrogenous products. Interorgan amino acid metabolism is required for numerous metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of functional amino acids like arginine, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine. This physiological process requires the cooperative handling of amino acids by organs (e.g., the small intestine, skeletal muscle, kidneys, and liver), as well as the complete catabolism of nutritionally essential amino acids such as the BCAAs, with their α-ketoacids shuttled from muscle to liver. These exchanges are made possible by several mechanisms, including organ location, as well as the functional zonation of enzymes and the cell-specific expression of amino acid transporters. The cooperative handling of amino acids between the various organs does not appear to be under the control of any centralized regulation, but is instead influenced by factors such as fluctuations in nutrient availability, hormones, changes associated with development, and altered environmental factors. While the normal function of these pathways is associated with health and homeostasis, affected by physical activity, diet and body composition, dysregulation is observed in numerous disease states, including cardiovascular disease and cancer cachexia, presenting potential avenues for the manipulation of amino acid consumption as part of the therapeutic approach to these conditions in individuals.
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109
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Mathais S, Moisset X, Pereira B, Taithe F, Ciron J, Labauge P, Dulau C, Laplaud D, De Seze J, Pelletier J, Berger E, Lebrun-Frenay C, Castelnovo G, Edan G, Defer G, Vermersch P, Bourre B, Camdessanche JP, Magy L, Guennoc AM, Mathey G, Moreau T, Gout O, Heinzlef O, Maillart E, Vukusic S, Clavelou P. Relapses in Patients Treated with High-Dose Biotin for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:378-386. [PMID: 32964402 PMCID: PMC8116391 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose biotin (HDB) is a therapy used in non-active progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). Several reports have suggested that HDB treatment may be associated with an increased risk of relapse. We aimed to determine whether HDB increases the risk of clinical relapse in PMS and describe the characteristics of the patients who experience it. We conducted a French, multicenter, retrospective study, comparing a group of PMS patients treated with HDB to a matched control group. Poisson regression was applied to model the specific statistical distribution of the annualized relapse rate (ARR). A propensity score (PS), based on the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), was used to adjust for indication bias and included the following variables: gender, primary PMS or not, age, EDSS, time since the last relapse, and co-prescription of a DMT. Two thousand six hundred twenty-eight patients treated with HDB and 654 controls were analyzed with a follow-up of 17 ± 8 months. Among them, 148 validated relapses were observed in the group treated with biotin and 38 in the control group (p = 0.62). After adjustment based on the PS, the ARR was 0.044 ± 0.23 for the biotin-treated group and 0.028 ± 0.16 for the control group (p = 0.18). The more relapses there were before biotin, the higher the risk of relapse during treatment, independently from the use of HDB. While the number of relapses reported for patients with no previous inflammatory activity receiving biotin has gradually increased, the present retrospective study is adequately powered to exclude an elevated risk of relapse for patients with PMS treated with HDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mathais
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Moisset
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Neuro-Dol, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Jonathan Ciron
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Toulouse, CRC-SEP, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- CHU de Montpellier, MS Unit, F-34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- University of Montpellier (MUSE), F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Dulau
- University Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, CIC Bordeaux CIC1401, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Laplaud
- Service de Neurologie & CIC015 INSERM, CHU de Nantes, F-44093, Nantes, France
- INSERM CR1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme De Seze
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Investigation Center, CHU de Strasbourg, INSERM 1434, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Berger
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Besançon, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Christine Lebrun-Frenay
- CHU de Nice, F-06000, Nice, France
- CRCSEP Nice, Pasteur2 Hospital, UR2CA, Nice Cote d'Azur University, F-06000, Nice, France
| | | | - Gilles Edan
- CHU Pontchaillou, CIC1414 INSERM, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Defer
- Department of Neurology, CHU de la Côte de Nacre, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Patrick Vermersch
- Univ. Lille, INSERM UMR-S1172, CHU Lille, FHU Imminent, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Bourre
- CHU de Rouen / Rouen University Hospital, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Camdessanche
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Hôpital Nord, F-42055, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren, F-87042, Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Marie Guennoc
- CRC SEP and Department of Neurology, CHU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Mathey
- Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, F-54035, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-Lès-, 4360, Nancy, EA, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Dijon, EA4184, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Gout
- Department of Neurology, Fondation Rotschild, F-75000, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Heinzlef
- Departement of Neurology, Hôpital de Poissy, F-78300, Poissy, France
| | - Elisabeth Maillart
- Department of Neurology, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Lyon/Bron, France
- Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon, Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292, 69003, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Clavelou
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Neuro-Dol, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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110
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Sprenger M, Brunke S, Hube B, Kasper L. A TRP1-marker-based system for gene complementation, overexpression, reporter gene expression and gene modification in Candida glabrata. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:6027539. [PMID: 33289831 PMCID: PMC7787354 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although less prevalent than its relative Candida albicans, the yeast Candida glabrata is a successful pathogen of humans, which causes life-threatening candidiasis. It is thus vital to understand the pathogenicity mechanisms and contributing genes in C. glabrata. However, gene complementation as a tool for restoring the function of a previously deleted gene is not standardized in C. glabrata, and it is less frequently used than in C. albicans. In this study, we established a gene complementation strategy using genomic integration at the TRP1 locus. We prove that our approach can not only be used for integration of complementation cassettes, but also for overexpression of markers like fluorescent proteins and the antigen ovalbumin, or of potential pathogenicity-related factors like the biotin transporter gene VHT1. With urea amidolyase Dur1,2 as an example, we demonstrate the application of the gene complementation approach for the expression of sequence-modified genes. With this approach, we found that a lysine-to-arginine mutation in the biotinylation motif of Dur1,2 impairs urea-dependent growth of C. glabrata and C. albicans. Taken together, the TRP1-based gene complementation approach is a valuable tool for investigating novel gene functions and for elucidating their role in the pathobiology of C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Sprenger
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lydia Kasper
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
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111
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Barcelos I, Shadiack E, Ganetzky RD, Falk MJ. Mitochondrial medicine therapies: rationale, evidence, and dosing guidelines. Curr Opin Pediatr 2020; 32:707-718. [PMID: 33105273 PMCID: PMC7774245 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary mitochondrial disease is a highly heterogeneous but collectively common inherited metabolic disorder, affecting at least one in 4300 individuals. Therapeutic management of mitochondrial disease typically involves empiric prescription of enzymatic cofactors, antioxidants, and amino acid and other nutrient supplements, based on biochemical reasoning, historical experience, and consensus expert opinion. As the field continues to rapidly advance, we review here the preclinical and clinical evidence, and specific dosing guidelines, for common mitochondrial medicine therapies to guide practitioners in their prescribing practices. RECENT FINDINGS Since publication of Mitochondrial Medicine Society guidelines for mitochondrial medicine therapies management in 2009, data has emerged to support consideration for using additional therapeutic agents and discontinuation of several previously used agents. Preclinical animal modeling data have indicated a lack of efficacy for vitamin C as an antioxidant for primary mitochondrial disease, but provided strong evidence for vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine. Clinical data have suggested L-carnitine may accelerate atherosclerotic disease. Long-term follow up on L-arginine use as prophylaxis against or acute treatment for metabolic strokes has provided more data supporting its clinical use in individuals with mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome and Leigh syndrome. Further, several precision therapies have been developed for specific molecular causes and/or shared clinical phenotypes of primary mitochondrial disease. SUMMARY We provide a comprehensive update on mitochondrial medicine therapies based on current evidence and our single-center clinical experience to support or refute their use, and provide detailed dosing guidelines, for the clinical management of mitochondrial disease. The overarching goal of empiric mitochondrial medicines is to utilize therapies with favorable benefit-to-risk profiles that may stabilize and enhance residual metabolic function to improve cellular resiliency and slow clinical disease progression and/or prevent acute decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barcelos
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward Shadiack
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Ganetzky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marni J. Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Frankenfield AM, Fernandopulle MS, Hasan S, Ward ME, Hao L. Development and Comparative Evaluation of Endolysosomal Proximity Labeling-Based Proteomic Methods in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15437-15444. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Frankenfield
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Suite 4000, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Michael S. Fernandopulle
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Building 35-2A, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Saadia Hasan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Building 35-2A, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michael E. Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Building 35-2A, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, Suite 4000, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
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Hu Y, Cronan JE. α-proteobacteria synthesize biotin precursor pimeloyl-ACP using BioZ 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase and lysine catabolism. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5598. [PMID: 33154364 PMCID: PMC7645780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pimelic acid, a seven carbon α,ω-dicarboxylic acid (heptanedioic acid), is known to provide seven of the ten biotin carbon atoms including all those of the valeryl side chain. Distinct pimelate synthesis pathways were recently elucidated in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis where fatty acid synthesis plus dedicated biotin enzymes produce the pimelate moiety. In contrast, the α-proteobacteria which include important plant and mammalian pathogens plus plant symbionts, lack all of the known pimelate synthesis genes and instead encode bioZ genes. Here we report a pathway in which BioZ proteins catalyze a 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III-like reaction to produce pimeloyl-ACP with five of the seven pimelate carbon atoms being derived from glutaryl-CoA, an intermediate in lysine degradation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains either deleted for bioZ or which encode a BioZ active site mutant are biotin auxotrophs, as are strains defective in CaiB which catalyzes glutaryl-CoA synthesis from glutarate and succinyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John E Cronan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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The Protein-Protein Interaction Network Reveals a Novel Role of the Signal Transduction Protein PII in the Control of c-di-GMP Homeostasis in Azospirillum brasilense. mSystems 2020; 5:5/6/e00817-20. [PMID: 33144311 PMCID: PMC7646526 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00817-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The PII proteins sense and integrate important metabolic signals which reflect the cellular nutrition and energy status. Such extraordinary ability was capitalized by nature in such a way that the various PII proteins regulate different facets of metabolism by controlling the activity of a range of target proteins by protein-protein interactions. Here, we determined the PII protein interaction network in the plant growth-promoting nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The interactome data along with metabolome analysis suggest that PII functions as a master metabolic regulator hub. We provide evidence that PII proteins act to regulate c-di-GMP levels in vivo and cell motility and adherence behaviors. The PII family comprises a group of widely distributed signal transduction proteins ubiquitous in prokaryotes and in the chloroplasts of plants. PII proteins sense the levels of key metabolites ATP, ADP, and 2-oxoglutarate, which affect the PII protein structure and thereby the ability of PII to interact with a range of target proteins. Here, we performed multiple ligand fishing assays with the PII protein orthologue GlnZ from the plant growth-promoting nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense to identify 37 proteins that are likely to be part of the PII protein-protein interaction network. Among the PII targets identified were enzymes related to nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism, signaling, coenzyme synthesis, RNA catabolism, and transcription. Direct binary PII-target complex was confirmed for 15 protein complexes using pulldown assays with recombinant proteins. Untargeted metabolome analysis showed that PII is required for proper homeostasis of important metabolites. Two enzymes involved in c-di-GMP metabolism were among the identified PII targets. A PII-deficient strain showed reduced c-di-GMP levels and altered aerotaxis and flocculation behavior. These data support that PII acts as a major metabolic hub controlling important enzymes and the homeostasis of key metabolites such as c-di-GMP in response to the prevailing nutritional status. IMPORTANCE The PII proteins sense and integrate important metabolic signals which reflect the cellular nutrition and energy status. Such extraordinary ability was capitalized by nature in such a way that the various PII proteins regulate different facets of metabolism by controlling the activity of a range of target proteins by protein-protein interactions. Here, we determined the PII protein interaction network in the plant growth-promoting nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The interactome data along with metabolome analysis suggest that PII functions as a master metabolic regulator hub. We provide evidence that PII proteins act to regulate c-di-GMP levels in vivo and cell motility and adherence behaviors.
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Anand RS, Ganesan D, Rajasekaran S, Jayavelu T. Astrocytes resolve ER stress through mitochondrial fusion facilitated by biotin availability. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:945-953. [PMID: 32572785 PMCID: PMC7591659 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures of cellular organelles are intertwined with their functions that undergo alterations once the organelles are stressed. Since organelle functions are dependent on each other, an organelle-specific stress possibly influences the structure and function of its associated organelles. In this perspective, our study demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-specific stress induced by tunicamycin in primary astroglial culture is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics and matched with the changes as observed in the aging rat brain. However, the exogenous addition of biotin, a highly lipogenic and mitochondrial vitamin, ameliorates ER stress even though its direct targets are not known within ER. Alternatively, the increased biotinylation of mitochondrial carboxylases preserves its basal respiratory capacity by upregulating mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and, possibly, its associated role on mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, the Mfn2 increase by biotin augments physical interaction between ER and functional mitochondria to exchange biomolecules as a part of ER stress resolution. This suggests an increased demand for micronutrient biotin under ER stress resolves the same by undergoing appropriate structural and metabolic contacts between ER and mitochondria. These findings provide a paradigm to resolve stress in one organelle by sustaining the metabolic commitments of another interdependent organelle. The findings also highlight a novel role of biotin in inducing Mfn2 expression and localization under ER stress in addition to its known role as a co-enzyme.
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Characterization and directed evolution of propionyl-CoA carboxylase and its application in succinate biosynthetic pathway with two CO2 fixation reactions. Metab Eng 2020; 62:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pérez-Boza J, Boeckx A, Lion M, Dequiedt F, Struman I. hnRNPA2B1 inhibits the exosomal export of miR-503 in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4413-4428. [PMID: 31894362 PMCID: PMC11104873 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic drug epirubicin increases the exosomal export of miR-503 in endothelial cells. To understand the mechanisms behind this process, we transfected endothelial cells with miR-503 carrying a biotin tag. Then, we pulled-down the proteins interacting with miR-503 and studied their role in microRNA exosomal export. A total of four different binding partners were identified by mass spectrometry and validated by western blotting and negative controls, among them ANXA2 and hnRNPA2B1. Using knock-down systems combined with pull-down analysis, we determined that epirubicin mediates the export of miR-503 by disrupting the interaction between hnRNPA2B1 and miR-503. Then, both ANXA2 and miR-503 are sorted into exosomes while hnRNPA2B1 is relocated into the nucleus. The combination of these processes culminates in the increased export of miR-503. These results suggest, for the first time, that RNA-binding proteins can negatively regulate the exosomal sorting of microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pérez-Boza
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, ULiege, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Exosome Research Group and Medical Oncology, VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1118 De Boelelaan, 1182 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amandine Boeckx
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, ULiege, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michele Lion
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, ULiege, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Franck Dequiedt
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Interactions des Protéines, GIGA-Research, ULiege, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Struman
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, GIGA Research, ULiege, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Cree BAC, Cutter G, Wolinsky JS, Freedman MS, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Hartung HP, Arnold D, Kuhle J, Block V, Munschauer FE, Sedel F, Lublin FD. Safety and efficacy of MD1003 (high-dose biotin) in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (SPI2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:988-997. [PMID: 33222767 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need to develop therapeutic interventions directed at the neurodegeneration that underlies progression in multiple sclerosis. High-dose, pharmaceutical-grade biotin (MD1003) might enhance neuronal and oligodendrocyte energetics, resulting in improved cell function, repair, or survival. The MS-SPI randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that MD1003 improved disability outcomes over 12 months in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. The SPI2 study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of MD1003 in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis in a larger, more representative patient cohort. METHODS SPI2 was a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial done at 90 academic and community multiple sclerosis clinics across 13 countries. Patients were aged 18-65 years, had a diagnosis of primary or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis fulfilling the revised International Panel criteria and Lublin criteria, a Kurtzke pyramidal functional subscore of at least 2 (defined as minimal disability), an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score of 3·5-6·5, a timed 25-foot walk (TW25) of less than 40 s, evidence of clinical disability progression, and no relapses in the 2 years before enrolment. Concomitant disease-modifying therapies were allowed. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by an independent statistician using an interactive web response system, with stratification by study site and disease history, to receive MD1003 (oral biotin 100 mg three times daily) or placebo. Participants, investigators, and assessors were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of the proportion of participants with confirmed improvement in EDSS or TW25 at month 12, confirmed at month 15, versus baseline. The primary endpoint was assessed in the intention-to-treat analysis set, after all participants completed the month 15 visit. Safety analyses included all participants who received at least one dose of MD1003. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02936037) and the EudraCT database (2016-000700-29). FINDINGS From Feb 22, 2017, to June 8, 2018, 642 participants were randomly assigned MD1003 (n=326) or placebo (n=316). The double-blind, placebo-controlled phase of the study ended when the primary endpoint for the last-entered participant was assessed on Nov 15, 2019. The mean time in the placebo-controlled phase was 20·1 months (SD 5·3; range 15-27). For the primary outcome, 39 (12%) of 326 patients in the MD1003 group compared with 29 (9%) of 316 in the placebo group improved at month 12, with confirmation at month 15 (odds ratio 1·35 [95% CI 0·81-2·26]). Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 277 (84%) of 331 participants in the MD1003 group and in 264 (85%) of 311 in the placebo group. 87 (26%) of 331 participants in the MD1003 group and 82 (26%) of 311 participants in the placebo group had at least one serious treatment-emergent adverse event. One (<1%) person died in the MD1003 group and there were no deaths in the placebo group. Despite use of mitigation strategies, MD1003 led to inaccurate laboratory results for tests using biotinylated antibodies. INTERPRETATION This study showed that MD1003 did not significantly improve disability or walking speed in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis and thus, in addition to the potential of MD1003 for deleterious health consequences from interference of laboratory tests, MD1003 cannot be recommended for treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis. FUNDING MedDay Pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A C Cree
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Gary Cutter
- University of Alabama, School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerry S Wolinsky
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark S Freedman
- The University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Douglas Arnold
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine, and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Block
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Fred D Lublin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Guest M, Kriek N, Flemming AJ. Studies of an insecticidal inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the nematode C. elegans. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104604. [PMID: 32828380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the mode of action of the insecticide spirotetramat in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A combination of symptomology, forward genetics and genome editing show that spirotetramat acts on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in C. elegans, as it does in insects. We found C. elegans embryos exposed to spirotetramat show a cell division defect which closely resembles the phenotype of loss-of-function mutations in the gene pod-2, which encodes ACC. We then identified two mutations in the carboxyl transferase domain of pod-2 (ACC) which confer resistance and were confirmed using CRISPR/Cas9. One of these mutations substitutes an invertebrate-specific amino acid with one ubiquitous in other taxa; this residue may, therefore, be a determinant of the selectivity of spirotetramat for invertebrates. Such a mutation may also be the target of selection for resistance in the field. Our study is a further demonstration of the utility of C. elegans in studying bioactive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guest
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - N Kriek
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - A J Flemming
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
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Sternicki LM, Nguyen S, Pacholarz KJ, Barran P, Pendini NR, Booker GW, Huet Y, Baltz R, Wegener KL, Pukala TL, Polyak SW. Biochemical characterisation of class III biotin protein ligases from Botrytis cinerea and Zymoseptoria tritici. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108509. [PMID: 32717225 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biotin protein ligase (BPL) is an essential enzyme in all kingdoms of life, making it a potential target for novel anti-infective agents. Whilst bacteria and archaea have simple BPL structures (class I and II), the homologues from certain eukaryotes such as mammals, insects and yeast (class III) have evolved a more complex structure with a large extension on the N-terminus of the protein in addition to the conserved catalytic domain. The absence of atomic resolution structures of any class III BPL hinders structural and functional analysis of these enzymes. Here, two new class III BPLs from agriculturally important moulds Botrytis cinerea and Zymoseptoria tritici were characterised alongside the homologue from the prototypical yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Circular dichroism and ion mobility-mass spectrometry analysis revealed conservation of the overall tertiary and secondary structures of all three BPLs, corresponding with the high sequence similarity. Subtle structural differences were implied by the different thermal stabilities of the enzymes and their varied Michaelis constants for their interactions with ligands biotin, MgATP, and biotin-accepting substrates from different species. The three BPLs displayed different preferences for fungal versus bacterial protein substrates, providing further evidence that class III BPLs have a 'substrate validation' activity for selecting only appropriate proteins for biotinylation. Selective, potent inhibition of these three BPLs was demonstrated despite sequence and structural homology. This highlights the potential for targeting BPL for novel, selective antifungal therapies against B. cinerea, Z. tritici and other fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Sternicki
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Stephanie Nguyen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Kamila J Pacholarz
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Perdita Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole R Pendini
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Grant W Booker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Yoann Huet
- Bayer SAS CropScience, La Dargoire Research Centre, Lyon, 69263 Cedex 09, France
| | - Rachel Baltz
- Bayer SAS CropScience, La Dargoire Research Centre, Lyon, 69263 Cedex 09, France
| | - Kate L Wegener
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Tara L Pukala
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Steven W Polyak
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
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Bockman MR, Mishra N, Aldrich CC. The Biotin Biosynthetic Pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a Validated Target for the Development of Antibacterial Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4194-4232. [PMID: 30663561 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190119161551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for Tuberculosis (TB), remains the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide from a single infectious agent, with an estimated 1.7 million deaths in 2016. Biotin is an essential cofactor in M. tuberculosis that is required for lipid biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. M. tuberculosis relies on de novo biotin biosynthesis to obtain this vital cofactor since it cannot scavenge sufficient biotin from a mammalian host. The biotin biosynthetic pathway in M. tuberculosis has been well studied and rigorously genetically validated providing a solid foundation for medicinal chemistry efforts. This review examines the mechanism and structure of the enzymes involved in biotin biosynthesis and ligation, summarizes the reported genetic validation studies of the pathway, and then analyzes the most promising inhibitors and natural products obtained from structure-based drug design and phenotypic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Multi-level metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas mutabilis ATCC31014 for efficient production of biotin. Metab Eng 2020; 61:406-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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123
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Jeong H, Vacanti NM. Systemic vitamin intake impacting tissue proteomes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:73. [PMID: 32863845 PMCID: PMC7449053 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and localization of the reactions of metabolism are coordinated by the enzymes that catalyze them. These enzymes are controlled via a myriad of mechanisms including inhibition/activation by metabolites, compartmentalization, thermodynamics, and nutrient sensing-based transcriptional or post-translational regulation; all of which are influenced as a network by the activities of metabolic enzymes and have downstream potential to exert direct or indirect control over protein abundances. Considering many of these enzymes are active only when one or more vitamin cofactors are present; the availability of vitamin cofactors likely yields a systems-influence over tissue proteomes. Furthermore, vitamins may influence protein abundances as nuclear receptor agonists, antioxidants, substrates for post-translational modifications, molecular signal transducers, and regulators of electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, studies of vitamin intake are explored for their contribution to unraveling vitamin influence over protein expression. As a body of work, these studies establish vitamin intake as a regulator of protein abundance; with the most powerful demonstrations reporting regulation of proteins directly related to the vitamin of interest. However, as a whole, the field has not kept pace with advances in proteomic platforms and analytical methodologies, and has not moved to validate mechanisms of regulation or potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesoo Jeong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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A novel delins (c.773_819+47delinsAA) mutation of the PCCA gene associated with neonatal-onset propionic acidemia: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:166. [PMID: 32819290 PMCID: PMC7441651 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Propionic acidemia (PA)(OMIM#606054) is an inborn error of branched-chain amino acid metabolism, caused by defects in the propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) enzyme which encoded by the PCCA and PCCB genes. Case presentation Here we report a Chinese neonate diagnosed with suspected PA based on the clinical symptoms, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and brain imaging tests. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on the proband. We detected only one heterozygous recurrent nonsense variant (c.937C > T, p.Arg313Ter) in the PCCA gene. When we manually checked the binary alignment map (BAM) diagram of PCCA gene, we found a heterozygous deletion chr13:100915039-100915132delinsAA (c.773_819 + 47delinsAA) (GRCh37.p13) inside the exon 10 in the PCCA gene. The results were validated by Sanger sequencing and qPCR method in the family: the variant (c.937C > T, p.Arg313Ter) was in the maternal allele, and the delins was in the paternal allele. When the mother was pregnant again, prenatal diagnosis was carried out through amniocentesis at 18 weeks gestation, the fetus carried neither of the two mutations. After birth, newborn screening was undertaken, the result was negative. Conclusions We identified a recurrent c.937C > T and a novel c.773_819 + 47delinsAA mutations in the PCCA gene, which may be the genetic cause of the phenotype of this patient. Our findings expanded the spectrum of causative genotype-phenotype of the PCCA gene. For the cases, the NGS results revealed only a heterozygous mutation in autosomal recessive disease when the gene is associated with phenotypes, it is necessary to manually check the BAM diagram to improve the detection rate. Targeted NGS is an effective technique to detect the various genetic lesions responsible for the PA in one step. Genetic testing is essential for genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis in the family to avoid birth defects.
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Fourcade S, Goicoechea L, Parameswaran J, Schlüter A, Launay N, Ruiz M, Seyer A, Colsch B, Calingasan NY, Ferrer I, Beal MF, Sedel F, Pujol A. High-dose biotin restores redox balance, energy and lipid homeostasis, and axonal health in a model of adrenoleukodystrophy. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:945-963. [PMID: 32511826 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotin is an essential cofactor for carboxylases that regulates the energy metabolism. Recently, high-dose pharmaceutical-grade biotin (MD1003) was shown to improve clinical parameters in a subset of patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. To gain insight into the mechanisms of action, we investigated the efficacy of high-dose biotin in a genetic model of chronic axonopathy caused by oxidative damage and bioenergetic failure, the Abcd1- mouse model of adrenomyeloneuropathy. High-dose biotin restored redox homeostasis driven by NRF-2, mitochondria biogenesis and ATP levels, and reversed axonal demise and locomotor impairment. Moreover, we uncovered a concerted dysregulation of the transcriptional program for lipid synthesis and degradation in the spinal cord likely driven by aberrant SREBP-1c/mTORC1signaling. This resulted in increased triglyceride levels and lipid droplets in motor neurons. High-dose biotin normalized the hyperactivation of mTORC1, thus restoring lipid homeostasis. These results shed light into the mechanism of action of high-dose biotin of relevance for neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Goicoechea
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janani Parameswaran
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Benoit Colsch
- Service de Pharmacologie et Immuno-Analyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Noel Ylagan Calingasan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, IDIBELL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Flint Beal
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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AccR, a TetR Family Transcriptional Repressor, Coordinates Short-Chain Acyl Coenzyme A Homeostasis in Streptomyces avermitilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00508-20. [PMID: 32303550 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00508-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) and methylmalonyl-CoA are the most common extender units for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and polyketides in Streptomyces, an industrially important producer of polyketides. Carboxylation of acetyl- and propionyl-CoAs is an essential source of malonyl- and methylmalonyl-CoAs; therefore, acyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCases) play key roles in primary and secondary metabolism. The regulation of the expression of ACCases in Streptomyces spp. has not been investigated previously. We characterized a TetR family transcriptional repressor, AccR, that mediates intracellular acetyl-, propionyl-, methylcrotonyl-, malonyl-, and methylmalonyl-CoA levels by controlling the transcription of genes that encode the main ACCase and enzymes associated with branched-chain amino acid metabolism in S. avermitilis AccR bound to a 16-nucleotide palindromic binding motif (GTTAA-N6-TTAAC) in promoter regions and repressed the transcription of the accD1A1-hmgL-fadE4 operon, echA8, echA9, and fadE2, which are involved in the production and assimilation of acetyl- and propionyl-CoAs. Methylcrotonyl-, propionyl-, and acetyl-CoAs acted as effectors to release AccR from its target DNA, resulting in enhanced transcription of target genes by derepression. The affinity of methylcrotonyl- and propionyl-CoAs to AccR was stronger than that of acetyl-CoA. Deletion of accR resulted in increased concentrations of short-chain acyl-CoAs (acetyl-, propionyl-, malonyl-, and methylmalonyl-CoAs), leading to enhanced avermectin production. Avermectin production was increased by 14.5% in an accR deletion mutant of the industrial high-yield strain S. avermitilis A8. Our findings clarify the regulatory mechanisms that maintain the homeostasis of short-chain acyl-CoAs in Streptomyces IMPORTANCE Acyl-CoA carboxylases play key roles in primary and secondary metabolism. However, the regulation of ACCase genes transcription in Streptomyces spp. remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that AccR responded to intracellular acetyl-, propionyl-, and methylcrotonyl-CoA availability and mediated transcription of the genes related to production and assimilation of these compounds in S. avermitilis When intracellular concentrations of these compounds are low, AccR binds to target genes and represses their transcription, resulting in low production of malonyl- and methylmalonyl-CoAs. When intracellular acetyl-, propionyl-, and methylcrotonyl-CoA concentrations are high, these compounds bind to AccR to dissociate AccR from target DNA, promoting the conversion of these compounds to malonyl- and methylmalonyl-CoAs. This investigation revealed how AccR coordinates short-chain acyl-CoA homeostasis in Streptomyces.
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Lueke B, Douris V, Hopkinson JE, Maiwald F, Hertlein G, Papapostolou KM, Bielza P, Tsagkarakou A, Van Leeuwen T, Bass C, Vontas J, Nauen R. Identification and functional characterization of a novel acetyl-CoA carboxylase mutation associated with ketoenol resistance in Bemisia tabaci. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 166:104583. [PMID: 32448413 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides of the tetronic/tetramic acid family (cyclic ketoenols) are widely used to control sucking pests such as whiteflies, aphids and mites. They act as inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a key enzyme for lipid biosynthesis across taxa. While it is well documented that plant ACCs targeted by herbicides have developed resistance associated with mutations at the carboxyltransferase (CT) domain, resistance to ketoenols in invertebrate pests has been previously associated either with metabolic resistance or with non-validated candidate mutations in different ACC domains. A recent study revealed high levels of spiromesifen and spirotetramat resistance in Spanish field populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci that was not thought to be associated with metabolic resistance. We confirm the presence of high resistance levels (up to >640-fold) against ketoenol insecticides in both Spanish and Australian B. tabaci strains of the MED and MEAM1 species, respectively. RNAseq analysis revealed the presence of an ACC variant bearing a mutation that results in an amino acid substitution, A2083V, in a highly conserved region of the CT domain. F1 progeny resulting from reciprocal crosses between susceptible and resistant lines are almost fully resistant, suggesting an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. In order to functionally investigate the contribution of this mutation and other candidate mutations previously reported in resistance phenotypes, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate genome modified Drosophila lines. Toxicity bioassays using multiple transgenic fly lines confirmed that A2083V causes high levels of resistance to commercial ketoenols. We therefore developed a pyrosequencing-based diagnostic assay to map the spread of the resistance alleles in field-collected samples from Spain. Our screening confirmed the presence of target-site resistance in numerous field-populations collected in Sevilla, Murcia and Almeria. This emphasizes the importance of implementing appropriate resistance management strategies to prevent or slow the spread of resistance through global whitefly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Lueke
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Pest Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Vassilis Douris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology (IMBB/FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jamie E Hopkinson
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Frank Maiwald
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Pest Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Gillian Hertlein
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Pest Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Kyriaki-Maria Papapostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology (IMBB/FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Laboratory of Molecular Entomology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pablo Bielza
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Cartagena Polytechnical University, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Anastasia Tsagkarakou
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology (IMBB/FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Pest Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
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128
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Xu X, Shi H, Gong X, Chen P, Gao Y, Zhang X, Xiang S. Structural insights into sodium transport by the oxaloacetate decarboxylase sodium pump. eLife 2020; 9:53853. [PMID: 32459174 PMCID: PMC7274780 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxaloacetate decarboxylase sodium pump (OAD) is a unique primary-active transporter that utilizes the free energy derived from oxaloacetate decarboxylation for sodium transport across the cell membrane. It is composed of 3 subunits: the α subunit catalyzes carboxyl-transfer from oxaloacetate to biotin, the membrane integrated β subunit catalyzes the subsequent carboxyl-biotin decarboxylation and the coupled sodium transport, the γ subunit interacts with the α and β subunits and stabilizes the OAD complex. We present here structure of the Salmonella typhimurium OAD βγ sub-complex. The structure revealed that the β and γ subunits form a β3γ3 hetero-hexamer with extensive interactions between the subunits and shed light on the OAD holo-enzyme assembly. Structure-guided functional studies provided insights into the sodium binding sites in the β subunit and the coupling between carboxyl-biotin decarboxylation and sodium transport by the OAD β subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huigang Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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129
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Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Samson R, Gingras AC. Proximity Dependent Biotinylation: Key Enzymes and Adaptation to Proteomics Approaches. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:757-773. [PMID: 32127388 PMCID: PMC7196579 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of protein subcellular distribution, their assembly into complexes and the set of proteins with which they interact with is essential to our understanding of fundamental biological processes. Complementary to traditional assays, proximity-dependent biotinylation (PDB) approaches coupled with mass spectrometry (such as BioID or APEX) have emerged as powerful techniques to study proximal protein interactions and the subcellular proteome in the context of living cells and organisms. Since their introduction in 2012, PDB approaches have been used in an increasing number of studies and the enzymes themselves have been subjected to intensive optimization. How these enzymes have been optimized and considerations for their use in proteomics experiments are important questions. Here, we review the structural diversity and mechanisms of the two main classes of PDB enzymes: the biotin protein ligases (BioID) and the peroxidases (APEX). We describe the engineering of these enzymes for PDB and review emerging applications, including the development of PDB for coincidence detection (split-PDB). Lastly, we briefly review enzyme selection and experimental design guidelines and reflect on the labeling chemistries and their implication for data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Samson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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130
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Sprenger M, Hartung TS, Allert S, Wisgott S, Niemiec MJ, Graf K, Jacobsen ID, Kasper L, Hube B. Fungal biotin homeostasis is essential for immune evasion after macrophage phagocytosis and virulence. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13197. [PMID: 32083801 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biotin is an important cofactor for multiple enzymes in central metabolic processes. While many bacteria and most fungi are able to synthesise biotin de novo, Candida spp. are auxotrophic for this vitamin and thus require efficient uptake systems to facilitate biotin acquisition during infection. Here we show that Candida glabrata and Candida albicans use a largely conserved system for biotin uptake and regulation, consisting of the high-affinity biotin transporter Vht1 and the transcription factor Vhr1. Both species induce expression of biotin-metabolic genes upon in vitro biotin depletion and following phagocytosis by macrophages, indicating low biotin levels in the Candida-containing phagosome. In line with this, we observed reduced intracellular proliferation of both Candida cells pre-starved of biotin and deletion mutants lacking VHR1 or VHT1 genes. VHT1 was essential for the full virulence of C. albicans during systemic mouse infections, and the lack of VHT1 led to reduced fungal burden in C. glabrata-infected brains and C. albicans-infected brains and kidneys. Together, our data suggest a critical role of Vht1-mediated biotin acquisition for C. glabrata and C. albicans during intracellular growth in macrophages and systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Sprenger
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa S Hartung
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Allert
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wisgott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria J Niemiec
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Graf
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Lydia Kasper
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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131
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Combinations of exonic deletions and rare mutations lead to misdiagnosis of propionic acidemia. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 502:153-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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132
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Liu Y, Yuan B, Peng L, Zhao J, Cheng B, Huang Y, Zheng X, Zhou Y, Xiang S, Zhu L, Wu Y. Single-particle analysis of urea amidolyase reveals its molecular mechanism. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1242-1249. [PMID: 32105377 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Urea amidolyase (UA), a bifunctional enzyme that is widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants, plays a pivotal role in the recycling of nitrogen in the biosphere. Its substrate urea is ultimately converted to ammonium, via successive catalysis at the C-terminal urea carboxylase (UC) domain and followed by the N-terminal allophanate hydrolyse (AH) domain. Although our previous studies have shown that Kluyveromyces lactis UA (KlUA) functions efficiently as a homodimer, the architecture of the full-length enzyme remains unresolved. Thus how the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) domain is transferred within the UC domain remains unclear. Here we report the structures of full-length KlUA in its homodimer form in three different functional states by negatively-stained single-particle electron microscopy. We report here that the ADP-bound structure with or without urea shows two possible locations of BCCP with preferred asymmetry, and that when BCCP is attached to the carboxyl transferase domain of one monomer, it is attached to the biotin carboxylase domain in the second domain. Based on this observation, we propose a BCCP-swinging model for biotin-dependent carboxylation mechanism of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinxing Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuerong Zhou
- College of Marine and Biochemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Song Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Mechanism-of-Action Classification of Antibiotics by Global Transcriptome Profiling. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01207-19. [PMID: 31907190 PMCID: PMC7038283 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01207-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-growing public health problem worldwide. The low rate of antibiotic discovery coupled with the rapid spread of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is causing a global health crisis. To facilitate the drug discovery processes, we present a large-scale study of reference antibiotic challenge bacterial transcriptome profiles, which included 37 antibiotics across 6 mechanisms of actions (MOAs) and provide an economical approach to aid in antimicrobial dereplication in the discovery process. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-growing public health problem worldwide. The low rate of antibiotic discovery coupled with the rapid spread of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is causing a global health crisis. To facilitate the drug discovery processes, we present a large-scale study of reference antibiotic challenge bacterial transcriptome profiles, which included 37 antibiotics across 6 mechanisms of actions (MOAs) and provide an economical approach to aid in antimicrobial dereplication in the discovery process. We demonstrate that classical MOAs can be sorted based upon the magnitude of gene expression profiles despite some overlap in the secondary effects of antibiotic exposures across MOAs. Additionally, using gene subsets, we were able to subdivide broad MOA classes into subMOAs. Furthermore, we provide a biomarker gene set that can be used to classify most antimicrobial challenges according to their canonical MOA. We also demonstrate the ability of this rapid MOA diagnostic tool to predict and classify the expression profiles of pure compounds and crude extracts to their expression profile-associated MOA class.
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Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Metabolic Pathways Affected by Babesia Infection and Blood Feeding in the Sialoproteome of the Vector Rhipicephalus bursa. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010091. [PMID: 32092882 PMCID: PMC7157752 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on animals and human health is driving research to discover novel targets affecting both vectors and pathogens. The salivary glands are involved in feeding and pathogen transmission, thus are considered as a compelling target to focus research. In this study, proteomics approach was used to characterize Rhipicephalusbursa sialoproteome in response to Babesiaovis infection and blood feeding. Two potential tick protective antigens were identified and its influence in tick biological parameters and pathogen infection was evaluated. Results demonstrate that the R. bursa sialoproteome is highly affected by feeding but infection is well tolerated by tick cells. The combination of both stimuli shifts the previous scenario and a more evident pathogen manipulation can be suggested. Knockdown of ub2n led to a significative increase of infection in tick salivary glands but a brusque decrease in the progeny, revealing its importance in the cellular response to pathogen infection, which is worth pursuing in future studies. Additionally, an impact in the recovery rate of adults (62%), the egg production efficiency (45.75%), and the hatching rate (88.57 %) was detected. Building knowledge on vector and/or pathogen interplay bridges the identification of protective antigens and the development of novel control strategies.
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135
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Recent development in acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and their potential as novel drugs. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:533-561. [PMID: 32048880 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a critical enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, has emerged as an attractive target for a plethora of emerging diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, bacterial infections and so on. With decades of efforts in medicinal chemistry, significant progress has been made toward the design and discovery of a considerable number of inhibitors of this enzyme. In this review, we not only clarify the role of ACC in emerging diseases, but also summarize recent developments of potent ACC inhibitors and discuss their molecular mechanisms of action and potentials as novel drugs as well as future perspectives toward the design and discovery of novel ACC inhibitors.
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Juntas-Morales R, Pageot N, Bendarraz A, Alphandéry S, Sedel F, Seigle S, Camu W. High-dose pharmaceutical grade biotin (MD1003) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 19:100254. [PMID: 32140672 PMCID: PMC7046518 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodendrocytes (OGs) provide metabolic support to motor neurons (MNs) and are implicated in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MD1003, or high-dose Pharmaceutical grade Biotin (hdPB), may improve disability in progressive multiple sclerosis patients via augmentation of OG or MN energy levels. Here, we assessed the safety and efficacy of MD1003 in ALS patients. METHODS This single centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included patients aged 25-80 years with probable or definite ALS. Patients were assigned (2:1), using a computer-generated randomisation list, to receive oral MD1003 (300 mg/day) or placebo treatment for 24 weeks. The primary outcome, safety, was analysed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study, registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03114215, has been completed. FINDINGS Between June and December 2016, 30 patients were enrolled (MD1003, n = 20; placebo, n = 10). Baseline characteristics were representative of the ALS population. MD1003 and placebo groups were not well balanced at screening, with the MD1003-treated group having a higher rate of ALSFRS-R decline prior to screening versus placebo (-6·0 IQR [-8·5, -5·0] vs. -5·0 IQR [-5·0, -3·0]) and a predominance of ALS with upper limb onset compared to placebo (35% vs. 10%). MD1003 had a favourable safety profile and was well tolerated. The occurrence of adverse events was similar in both groups (60%). Two deaths occurred in the MD1003 group versus 1 in the placebo group. ALSFRS-R median change from baseline to month 6 was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0·49); the mean difference between groups was -1·6 (SEM=3·3). INTERPRETATION MD1003 treatment was safe and well tolerated. It was not possible to establish MD1003 efficacy in this relatively small study. Given the favourable safety profile of MD1003 and an imbalance between treatment groups favouring placebo, additional, larger studies in ALS are warranted. FUNDING MedDay Pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Juntas-Morales
- Clinique du motoneurone, Explorations Neurologiques, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Pageot
- Clinique du motoneurone, Explorations Neurologiques, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sébastien Alphandéry
- Clinique du motoneurone, Explorations Neurologiques, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - William Camu
- Clinique du motoneurone, Explorations Neurologiques, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author.
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137
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Shivaiah KK, Ding G, Upton B, Nikolau BJ. Non-Catalytic Subunits Facilitate Quaternary Organization of Plastidic Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:756-775. [PMID: 31792149 PMCID: PMC6997691 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), like most dicotyledonous plants, expresses a multicomponent, heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase (htACCase), which catalyzes the generation of the malonyl-CoA precursor of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. This enzyme consists of four catalytic subunits: biotin carboxylase (BC), carboxyltransferase (CT)-α, CT-β, and biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP1 or BCCP2). By coexpressing combinations of components in a bacterial expression system, we demonstrate noncatalytic BADCs facilitate the assembly and activation of BCCP-BADC-BC subcomplexes catalyzing the bicarbonate-dependent hydrolysis of ATP, which is the first half-reaction catalyzed by the htACCase enzyme. Although BADC proteins do not directly impact formation of the CT-αβ subcomplex, the BADC-facilitated BCCP-BADC-BC subcomplex can more readily interact with the CT-αβ subcomplex to facilitate the generation of malonyl-CoA. The Arabidopsis genome encodes three BADC isoforms (BADC1, BADC2, and BADC3), and BADC2 and BADC3 (rather than BADC1), in combination with BCCP1, best support this quaternary-structural organization and catalytic activation of the htACCase enzyme. Physiological genetic studies validate these attributes as Arabidopsis double mutants singularly expressing BADC2, BADC3, or BADC1 present increasingly greater deleterious impacts on morphological and biochemical phenotypes. Specifically, plants expressing only BADC2 develop normally, plants only expressing BADC3 suffer a stunted root-growth phenotype, and plants expressing only BADC1 are embryo-lethal. The latter phenotype may also be associated with the distinct suborganelle localization of BADC1 in plastids as compared to the localization of the other two BADC homologs. These finding can inspire novel strategies to improve the biological sources of fats and oils for dietary and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran-Kumar Shivaiah
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Geng Ding
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Bryon Upton
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Basil J Nikolau
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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138
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Sghaier R, Zarrouk A, Nury T, Badreddine I, O'Brien N, Mackrill JJ, Vejux A, Samadi M, Nasser B, Caccia C, Leoni V, Moreau T, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Salhedine Masmoudi A, Lizard G. Biotin attenuation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid metabolism alteration and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death in 158N murine oligodendrocytes. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:535-561. [PMID: 31039616 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1612891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in neurodegenerative diseases associated with an enhancement of lipid peroxidation products such as 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC). It is, therefore, important to study the ability of 7β-OHC to trigger mitochondrial defects, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunctions and cell death, which are hallmarks of neurodegeneration, and to identify cytoprotective molecules. The effects of biotin were evaluated on 158N murine oligodendrocytes, which are myelin synthesizing cells, exposed to 7β-OHC (50 µM) with or without biotin (10 and 100 nM) or α-tocopherol (positive control of cytoprotection). The effects of biotin on 7β-OHC activities were determined using different criteria: cell adhesion; plasma membrane integrity; redox status. The impact on mitochondria was characterized by the measurement of transmembrane mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, mitochondrial mass, quantification of cardiolipins and organic acids. Sterols and fatty acids were also quantified. Cell death (apoptosis, autophagy) was characterized by the enumeration of apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activation, identification of autophagic vesicles, and activation of LC3-I into LC3-II. Biotin attenuates 7β-OHC-induced cytotoxicity: loss of cell adhesion was reduced; antioxidant activities were normalized. ROS overproduction, protein and lipid oxidation products were decreased. Biotin partially restores mitochondrial functions: attenuation of the loss of ΔΨm; reduced levels of mitochondrial O2•- overproduction; normalization of cardiolipins and organic acid levels. Biotin also normalizes cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, and prevents apoptosis and autophagy (oxiapoptophagy). Our data support that biotin, which prevents oligodendrocytes damages, could be useful in the treatment of neurodegeneration and demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Sghaier
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory - NAFS "Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health" , Monastir & University Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Géo Ressources , University Manouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology , Sidi Thabet , Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory - NAFS "Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health" , Monastir & University Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,Department of Physiology , Biosciences Institute, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Thomas Nury
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France
| | - Ilham Badreddine
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France.,University Ibn Zohr, Lab. 'Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Environnement' , Taroudant , Morocco.,Laboratory Neuroscience and Biochemistry , University Hassan 1er , Settat , Morocco
| | - Nora O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - John J Mackrill
- Department of Physiology , Biosciences Institute, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Anne Vejux
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Department of Chemistry , University Lorraine, Metz Technopôle , Metz , France
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory Neuroscience and Biochemistry , University Hassan 1er , Settat , Morocco
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics , Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan , Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry , Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi , Milan , Italy
| | - Thibault Moreau
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France.,Department of Neurology , University Hospital , Dijon , France
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France
| | - Ahmed Salhedine Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Géo Ressources , University Manouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology , Sidi Thabet , Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France
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139
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Mahmud I, Liao D. DAXX in cancer: phenomena, processes, mechanisms and regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7734-7752. [PMID: 31350900 PMCID: PMC6735914 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DAXX displays complex biological functions. Remarkably, DAXX overexpression is a common feature in diverse cancers, which correlates with tumorigenesis, disease progression and treatment resistance. Structurally, DAXX is modular with an N-terminal helical bundle, a docking site for many DAXX interactors (e.g. p53 and ATRX). DAXX's central region folds with the H3.3/H4 dimer, providing a H3.3-specific chaperoning function. DAXX has two functionally critical SUMO-interacting motifs. These modules are connected by disordered regions. DAXX's structural features provide a framework for deciphering how DAXX mechanistically imparts its functions and how its activity is regulated. DAXX modulates transcription through binding to transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, and chromatin remodelers. DAXX's localization in the PML nuclear bodies also plays roles in transcriptional regulation. DAXX-regulated genes are likely important effectors of its biological functions. Deposition of H3.3 and its interactions with epigenetic modifiers are likely key events for DAXX to regulate transcription, DNA repair, and viral infection. Interactions between DAXX and its partners directly impact apoptosis and cell signaling. DAXX's activity is regulated by posttranslational modifications and ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Notably, the tumor suppressor SPOP promotes DAXX degradation in phase-separated droplets. We summarize here our current understanding of DAXX's complex functions with a focus on how it promotes oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0235, USA
| | - Daiqing Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0235, USA
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140
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Ubiquitylation Dynamics of the Clock Cell Proteome and TIMELESS during a Circadian Cycle. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2273-2282. [PMID: 29791839 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks have evolved as time-measuring molecular devices to help organisms adapt their physiology to daily changes in light and temperature. Transcriptional oscillations account for a large fraction of rhythmic protein abundance. However, cycling of various posttranslational modifications, such as ubiquitylation, also contributes to shape the rhythmic protein landscape. In this study, we used an in vivo ubiquitin labeling assay to investigate the circadian ubiquitylated proteome of Drosophila melanogaster. We find that cyclic ubiquitylation affects MEGATOR (MTOR), a chromatin-associated nucleoporin that, in turn, feeds back to regulate the core molecular oscillator. Furthermore, we show that the ubiquitin ligase subunits CULLIN-3 (CUL-3) and SUPERNUMERARY LIMBS (SLMB) cooperate for ubiquitylating the TIMELESS protein. These findings stress the importance of ubiquitylation pathways in the Drosophila circadian clock and reveal a key component of this system.
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141
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Park CK, Horton NC. Structures, functions, and mechanisms of filament forming enzymes: a renaissance of enzyme filamentation. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:927-994. [PMID: 31734826 PMCID: PMC6874960 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filament formation by non-cytoskeletal enzymes has been known for decades, yet only relatively recently has its wide-spread role in enzyme regulation and biology come to be appreciated. This comprehensive review summarizes what is known for each enzyme confirmed to form filamentous structures in vitro, and for the many that are known only to form large self-assemblies within cells. For some enzymes, studies describing both the in vitro filamentous structures and cellular self-assembly formation are also known and described. Special attention is paid to the detailed structures of each type of enzyme filament, as well as the roles the structures play in enzyme regulation and in biology. Where it is known or hypothesized, the advantages conferred by enzyme filamentation are reviewed. Finally, the similarities, differences, and comparison to the SgrAI endonuclease system are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad K. Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Nancy C. Horton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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142
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Identification of Host Adaptation Genes in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli during Infection in Different Hosts. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00666-19. [PMID: 31501251 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00666-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important human and animal pathogen. Despite the apparent similarities in their known virulence attributes, some ExPEC strains can cross the host species barrier and present a zoonotic potential, whereas other strains exhibit host specificity, suggesting the existence of unknown mechanisms that remain to be identified. We applied a transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) strategy to investigate the ExPEC XM strain, which is capable of crossing the host species barrier, and to screen for virulence-essential genes in both mammalian (mouse) and avian (duck) models of E. coli-related septicemia. We identified 151 genes essential for systemic infection in both mammalian and avian models, 97 required only in the mammalian model, and 280 required only in the avian model. Ten genes/gene clusters were selected for further validation, and their contributions to ExPEC virulence in both mammalian and avian models or mammalian- or avian-only models were confirmed by animal tests. This represents the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of virulence-essential genes required for systemic infections in two different host species and provides a further comprehensive understanding of ExPEC-related virulence, host specificity, and adaptation.
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143
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Ding F, Li LX, Peng W, Peng YK, Liu BQ. Molecular basis for the resistance of American sloughgrass to aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid pesticides and its environmental relevance: A combined experimental and computational study. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:1030-1040. [PMID: 31561292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic pesticides are one of the main environmental pollutants, and how to reduce their environmental risks is an important issue. In this contribution, we disclose the molecular basis for the resistance of American sloughgrass to aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid pesticides using site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling and then construct an effective screening model. The results indicated that the target-site mutation (Trp-1999-Leu) in acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) can affect the effectiveness of the pesticides (clodinafop, fenoxaprop, cyhalofop, and metamifop), and the plant resistance to fenoxaprop, clodinafop, cyhalofop, and metamifop was found to be 564, 19.5, 10, and 0.19 times, respectively. The established computational models (i.e. wild-type/mutant ACCase models) could be used for rational screening and evaluation of the resistance to pesticides. The resistance induced by target gene mutation can markedly reduce the bioreactivity of the ACCase-clodinafop/fenoxaprop adducts, and the magnitudes are 10 and 102, respectively. Such event will seriously aggravate environmental pollution. However, the biological issue has no distinct effect on cyhalofop (RI=10), and meanwhile it may markedly increase the bioefficacy of metamifop (RI=0.19). We could selectively adopt the two chemicals so as to decrease the residual pesticides in the environment. Significantly, research findings from the computational screening models were found to be negatively correlated with the resistance level derived from the bioassay testing, suggesting that the screening models can be used to guide the usage of pesticides. Obviously, this story may shed novel insight on the reduction of environmental risks of pesticides and other organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Ling-Xu Li
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yu-Kui Peng
- Center for Food Quality Supervision, Inspection & Testing, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bing-Qi Liu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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144
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Testosterone Degradative Pathway of Novosphingobium tardaugens. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110871. [PMID: 31683600 PMCID: PMC6895838 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have shown that Novosphingobium tardaugens NBRC 16725 (strain ARI-1), a bacterial strain that was isolated due to its capacity to mineralize the estrogenic endocrine compound 17β-estradiol, is also able to mineralize testosterone, the androgenic endocrine compound. Using in silico analysis, we predicted a new putative steroid degradation (SD) gene cluster in strain ARI-1, which resembles genes involved in testosterone degradation in Comamonas testosteroni and other testosterone degrading bacteria like Actinobacteria (like Rhodococcus and Mycobacteria genera) although with significant differences in gene organization. A whole transcriptomic analysis of N. tardaugens revealed that testosterone produces a limited induction of the genes of the SD cluster that show a high basal expression in its absence. The 3β/17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase involved in the first metabolic step of testosterone degradation was identified by using genetic and biochemical approaches. The construction of knockout mutant strains in the genes of the SD cluster together with in silico analyses suggests the existence of gene redundancy in the genome of N. tardaugens. This work will expand the knowledge about the metabolic pathways and biotransformation capabilities of a Gram-negative bacterium that could become a new model system in the bacterial steroid degradation field.
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145
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Albina P, Durban N, Bertron A, Albrecht A, Robinet JC, Erable B. Influence of Hydrogen Electron Donor, Alkaline pH, and High Nitrate Concentrations on Microbial Denitrification: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205163. [PMID: 31635215 PMCID: PMC6834205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial respiration of nitrate is a natural process of nitrate reduction, which has been industrialized to treat anthropic nitrate pollution. This process, also known as “microbial denitrification”, is widely documented from the fundamental and engineering points of view for the enhancement of the removal of nitrate in wastewater. For this purpose, experiments are generally conducted with heterotrophic microbial metabolism, neutral pH and moderate nitrate concentrations (<50 mM). The present review focuses on a different approach as it aims to understand the effects of hydrogenotrophy, alkaline pH and high nitrate concentration on microbial denitrification. Hydrogen has a high energy content but its low solubility, 0.74 mM (1 atm, 30 °C), in aqueous medium limits its bioavailability, putting it at a kinetic disadvantage compared to more soluble organic compounds. For most bacteria, the optimal pH varies between 7.5 and 9.5. Outside this range, denitrification is slowed down and nitrite (NO2−) accumulates. Some alkaliphilic bacteria are able to express denitrifying activity at pH levels close to 12 thanks to specific adaptation and resistance mechanisms detailed in this manuscript, and some bacterial populations support nitrate concentrations in the range of several hundred mM to 1 M. A high concentration of nitrate generally leads to an accumulation of nitrite. Nitrite accumulation can inhibit bacterial activity and may be a cause of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Albina
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA. 135, 7 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31030 Toulouse, France.
| | - Nadège Durban
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA. 135, 7 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31030 Toulouse, France.
| | - Alexandra Bertron
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des Constructions, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INSA. 135, 7 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 04, France.
| | - Achim Albrecht
- Andra (Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs), 92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Robinet
- Andra (Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs), 92298 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Benjamin Erable
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31030 Toulouse, France.
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146
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Zhang J, Chatham JC, Young ME. Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Physiology: Rhythms That Keep the Heart Beating. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:79-101. [PMID: 31589825 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
On Earth, all life is exposed to dramatic changes in the environment over the course of the day; consequently, organisms have evolved strategies to both adapt to and anticipate these 24-h oscillations. As a result, time of day is a major regulator of mammalian physiology and processes, including transcription, signaling, metabolism, and muscle contraction, all of which oscillate over the course of the day. In particular, the heart is subject to wide fluctuations in energetic demand throughout the day as a result of waking, physical activity, and food intake patterns. Daily rhythms in cardiovascular function ensure that increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and endocrine factors to organs during the active period and the removal of metabolic by-products are in balance. Failure to maintain these physiologic rhythms invariably has pathologic consequences. This review highlights rhythms that underpin cardiac physiology. More specifically, we summarize the key aspects of cardiac physiology that oscillate over the course of the day and discuss potential mechanisms that regulate these 24-h rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA;
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147
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Buonvicino D, Ranieri G, Pratesi S, Guasti D, Chiarugi A. Neuroimmunological characterization of a mouse model of primary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and effects of immunosuppressive or neuroprotective strategies on disease evolution. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113065. [PMID: 31536728 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a devastating disorder sustained by neuroimmune interactions still wait to be identified. Recently, immune-independent, neural bioenergetic derangements have been hypothesized as causative of neurodegeneration in PMS patients. To gather information on the immune and neurodegenerative components during PMS, in the present study we investigated the molecular and cellular events occurring in a Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In these mice, we also evaluated the effects of clinically-relevant immunosuppressive (dexamethasone) or bioenergetic drugs (bezafibrate and biotin) on functional, immune and neuropathological parameters. We found that immunized NOD mice progressively accumulated disability and severe neurodegeneration in the spinal cord. Unexpectedly, although CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes but not B or NK cells infiltrate the spinal cord linearly with time, their suppression by different dexamethasone treatment schedules did not affect disease progression. Also, the spreading of the autoimmune response towards additional immunogenic myelin antigen occurred neither in the periphery nor in the CNS of EAE mice. Conversely, we found that altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced contents of mtDNA and decreased transcript levels for respiratory complex subunits occurred at early disease stages and preceded axonal degeneration within spinal cord columns. However, the mitochondria boosting drugs, bezafibrate and biotin, were unable to reduce disability progression. Data suggest that EAE NOD mice recapitulate some features of PMS. Also, by showing that bezafibrate or biotin do not affect progression in NOD mice, our study suggests that this model can be harnessed to anticipate experimental information of relevance to innovative treatments of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Pratesi
- Centre of Immunological Research DENOTHE, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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148
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Burkett DJ, Wyatt BN, Mews M, Bautista A, Engel R, Dockendorff C, Donaldson WA, St Maurice M. Evaluation of α-hydroxycinnamic acids as pyruvate carboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:4041-4047. [PMID: 31351848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Through a structure-based drug design project (SBDD), potent small molecule inhibitors of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) have been discovered. A series of α-keto acids (7) and α-hydroxycinnamic acids (8) were prepared and evaluated for inhibition of PC in two assays. The two most potent inhibitors were 3,3'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[2-hydroxy-2-propenoic acid] (8u) and 2-hydroxy-3-(quinoline-2-yl)propenoic acid (8v) with IC50 values of 3.0 ± 1.0 μM and 4.3 ± 1.5 μM respectively. Compound 8v is a competitive inhibitor with respect to pyruvate (Ki = 0.74 μM) and a mixed-type inhibitor with respect to ATP, indicating that it targets the unique carboxyltransferase (CT) domain of PC. Furthermore, compound 8v does not significantly inhibit human carbonic anhydrase II, matrix metalloproteinase-2, malate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Burkett
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Brittney N Wyatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Mallory Mews
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Anson Bautista
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Ryan Engel
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Chris Dockendorff
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - William A Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
| | - Martin St Maurice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P. O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA.
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149
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Petchey
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD U.K
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD U.K
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150
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Kumar V, Athreya R, Achuta SK, Sundarraju S. Case 3: An Unusual Case of Transient Neonatal Encephalopathy. Neoreviews 2019; 20:e472-e474. [PMID: 31371557 DOI: 10.1542/neo.20-8-e472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Neonatology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Marathahalli, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajath Athreya
- Department of Neonatology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Marathahalli, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sushma Kalyan Achuta
- Department of Neonatology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Marathahalli, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sahana Sundarraju
- Department of Neonatology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Marathahalli, Bengaluru, India
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