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Furusyo N, Ai M, Okazaki M, Ikezaki H, Ihara T, Hayashi T, Hiramine S, Ura K, Kohzuma T, Schaefer EJ, Hayashi J. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride reference ranges of twenty lipoprotein subclasses for healthy Japanese men and women. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231:238-45. [PMID: 24267234 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This epidemiological study was done to generate normal ranges for the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in serum lipoprotein subclasses isolated from healthy adults based on gender and menopausal status. METHODS Cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 20 lipoprotein subclasses as separated by high performance liquid chromatography were measured in serum obtained from 825 fasting healthy subjects (267 men, 558 women). RESULTS For serum cholesterol, 13.7% was found in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) subclasses, 55.6% in low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses, and 30.4% in high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses. For serum triglycerides, these values were 52.1%, 27.9%, and 17.4%, respectively. Levels of cholesterol in some VLDL subclasses were inversely correlated with the levels of some HDL subclasses, while for triglycerides, elevated levels in any one subclass were generally strongly associated with elevated levels in all other subclasses. Men had significantly higher large VLDL-cholesterol levels than women (P < 0.05), while women had significantly higher small VLDL-cholesterol levels than men (P < 0.001). Women had significantly higher large LDL- and large and medium HDL-cholesterol levels than men (P < 0.001). Men had significantly higher chylomicron (CM), large and medium VLDL-, and small LDL-triglyceride levels than women (P < 0.001). Women had significantly higher very large and large HDL-triglyceride levels than men (P < 0.01). Postmenopausal women had significantly higher CM, all VLDL, and large, medium and small LDL-cholesterol levels, and significantly higher all VLDL, LDL, and HDL-triglyceride levels than premenopausal women (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data document important gender and menopausal status differences in cholesterol and triglyceride subclass levels, as well as significant correlations between values in the various serum lipoprotein subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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102
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Jung CH, Lee MJ, Hwang JY, Jang JE, Leem J, Park JY, Lee J, Kim HK, Lee WJ. Elevated serum ferritin level is associated with the incident type 2 diabetes in healthy Korean men: a 4 year longitudinal study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75250. [PMID: 24098686 PMCID: PMC3787082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated ferritin concentration has been implicated in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence, mostly from studies conducted on western populations, has demonstrated a strong association between the elevated ferritin concentrations and incident type 2 diabetes. In Asian populations, however, the longitudinal studies investigating the association of elevated serum ferritin levels and type 2 diabetes are lacking. In present study, we aimed to determine whether elevated serum ferritin levels are related to the incident type 2 diabetes in healthy Korean men. Methodology/Principal Findings This 4 year longitudinal observational study was conducted at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. The study population consisted of 2,029 men without type 2 diabetes who underwent routine health examination in 2007 (baseline) and 2011 (follow-up). Baseline serum ferritin concentrations were measured by chemiluminescent two-site sandwich immunoassay. In multiple-adjusted model, the relative risk (RR) for incident type 2 diabetes was significantly higher in highest compared with the lowest ferritin quartile category, even after adjusting for confounding variables including homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (RR = 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.27–3.72, P for trend = 0.013). Conclusions/Significance These results demonstrated that elevated level of serum ferritin at baseline was associated with incident type 2 diabetes in an Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jenie Yoonoo Hwang
- Department of International Healthcare Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JungBok Lee
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (WJL); (H-KK)
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (WJL); (H-KK)
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103
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Furusyo N, Koga T, Ai M, Otokozawa S, Kohzuma T, Ikezaki H, Schaefer EJ, Hayashi J. Plasma glycated albumin level and atherosclerosis: Results from the Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS). Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:2066-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Song YM, Song SO, You YH, Yoon KH, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee HC, Kim JW, Lee BW. Glycated albumin causes pancreatic β-cells dysfunction through autophagy dysfunction. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2626-39. [PMID: 23698718 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are cytotoxic to pancreatic β-cells. The aims of this study were to investigate whether glycated albumin (GA), an early precursor of AGEs, would induce dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells and to determine which kinds of cellular mechanisms are activated in GA-induced β-cell apoptosis. Decreased viability and increased apoptosis were induced in INS-1 cells treated with 2.5 mg/mL GA under 16.7mM high-glucose conditions. Insulin content and glucose-stimulated secretion from isolated rat islets were reduced in 2.5 mg/mL GA-treated cells. In response to 2.5 mg/mL GA in INS-1 cells, autophagy induction and flux decreased as assessed by green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 dots, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II conversion, and SQSTM1/p62 in the presence and absence of bafilomycin A1. Accumulated SQSTM1/p62 through deficient autophagy activated the nuclear factor-κB (p65)-inducible nitric oxide synthase-caspase-3 cascade, which was restored by treatment with small interfering RNA against p62. Small interfering RNA treatment against autophagy-related protein 5 significantly inhibited the autophagy machinery resulting in a significant increase in iNOS-cleaved caspase-3 expression. Treatment with 500μM 4-phenyl butyric acid significantly alleviated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and iNOS in parallel with upregulated autophagy induction. However, in the presence of bafilomycin A1, the decreased viability of INS-1 cells was not recovered. Glycated albumin, an early precursor of AGE, caused pancreatic β-cell death by inhibiting autophagy induction and flux, resulting in nuclear factor-κB (p65)-iNOS-caspase-3 cascade activation as well as by increasing susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Song
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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105
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Ihara T, Furusyo N, Hayashi T, Toyoda K, Murata M, Hayashi J. A population-based epidemiological survey of human parvovirus B19 infection: a project of the Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS). Arch Virol 2013; 158:2465-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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106
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Furusyo N, Ihara T, Hayashi T, Ikezaki H, Toyoda K, Ogawa E, Okada K, Kainuma M, Murata M, Hayashi J. The serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin level and the diet of a Japanese population: results from the Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS). Endocrine 2013; 43:635-42. [PMID: 23001602 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The elevated serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) level is related to osteoporosis. In Japan, vitamin K intake is lower, and the incidence of hip fractures noticeably higher in northern Kyushu than in other areas. The study was done to determine the serum ucOC levels in a Japanese population and its association with diet and glucose metabolism. The data of 3,658 healthy adults aged 40-69 (1,373 men and 2,285 women) who lived in northern Kyushu area were analyzed. The data included anthropometric measurements and a self-reported personal interview on daily intake of foods. The serum ucOC level of each participant was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and serum insulin concentrations were measured. The median serum ucOC level of the women (4.65 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that of the men (3.04 ng/mL) (P = 0.0021). The age-specific ucOC levels of the men decreased significantly with age. In contrast, the ucOC levels of the women aged ≥50 were elevated, but the levels varied markedly within the other age groups. For both men and women, multivariate analysis identified a daily diet rich in vitamin K and HbA1c level as independently having a significant, negative relationship to serum ucOC level. Our study indicates that the serum ucOC decreases with age in men, increases postmenopausally in women, and correlates inversely with dietary consumption of certain foods and with fasting glucose and HbA1c level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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107
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Evaluation of biological variation of glycated albumin (GA) and fructosamine in healthy subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 423:1-4. [PMID: 23588063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycated albumin (GA) and fructosamine are nonenzymatically glycated proteins still frequently utilized for monitoring glycemic control in diabetics. To investigate the analytical variation and the degree of individuality of these glycemic markers, we have performed an experimental study under a well designed and standardized protocol. METHODS We collected five specimens from each of 18 apparently healthy subjects (9 men and 9 women, ages 26-52 years), on the same day, every two weeks for two months. Samples were stored at -80°C until analysis and assayed in duplicate in a single analytical run. GA and fructosamine were measured using enzymatic (Lucica®GA-L, Asahi Kasei Pharma, AKP, Tokyo, Japan) and colorimetric assays, respectively, on a Modular P Roche system (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS Analytical coefficient of variation (CVA) was 1.7%, 2.3% and 2.8% for GA, albumin and fructosamine, respectively. Within-subject (CVW) and between-subject (CVG) coefficients of variation were 2.1% and 10.6% for GA, 2.3% and 2.9% for albumin, and 2.3% and 6.3% for fructosamine. The estimated critical difference (CD) was 7.5% for GA, 9% for albumin and 10% for fructosamine. CONCLUSIONS The good quality achieved by the analytical method for GA assessment and the reduced within-subject biological variation would allow to recommend this test in clinical practice for evaluation of glycemic control along with measurement of glycated hemoglobin.
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Yang C, Li H, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zhou K, Meng J, Zhao Y, Pan J, Lv X, Liang H, Jiang X. Glycated albumin is a potential diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus. Clin Med (Lond) 2012; 12:568-71. [PMID: 23342412 PMCID: PMC5922598 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.12-6-568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Using a community-based population cross-sectional study, we investigated the validity of an enzymatic method for glycated albumin (GA) measurements and evaluated its utility as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus (DM). In total, 1,211 participants from the city of Harbin, People's Republic of China, were enrolled in the study. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for GA, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements in diagnosed and undiagnosed DM were compared, based on a definition of DM using 1999 WHO criteria. We also estimated the correlation among GA, HbA1c and other clinical characteristics. Significant and positive correlations of fasting serum GA with FPG (r = 0.8097) and HbA1c (r = 0.8976) were found in participants enrolled in the study. ROC analysis for GA predicting undiagnosed DM with a cut-off point of 15.7% was similar to that of FPG and HbA1c. Therefore, our data indicate that GA is a potential tool for DM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanbin Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihai Wang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhua Meng
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lv
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Liang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Image, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, The 4 affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Image, Harbin, China
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109
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Song SO, Kim KJ, Lee BW, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee HC. Serum glycated albumin predicts the progression of carotid arterial atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:450-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wang F, Ma X, Hao Y, Yang R, Ni J, Xiao Y, Tang J, Bao Y, Jia W. Serum glycated albumin is inversely influenced by fat mass and visceral adipose tissue in Chinese with normal glucose tolerance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51098. [PMID: 23209844 PMCID: PMC3510195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have revealed that body mass index (BMI) inversely influenced serum glycated albumin (GA), which may cause an underestimation of GA-monitored short-term hyperglycemic control. Objective This study was to investigate the association between anthropometric variables (BMI and waist circumference (W)) and accurate adiposity variables (percentage of body fat (%fat), fat mass, free fat mass (FFM), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and visceral fat area (VFA)) with serum GA. Design A total of 2563 subjects (1037 men, 593 premenopausal women, and 933 postmenopausal women) with normal glucose tolerance underwent bioelectrical impedance body fat content measurement and magnetic resonance imaging. Serum GA and absolute value of GA (aGA) were measured by enzymatic assay. Results Compared to the BMI <25.0 kg/m2 group, the BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 group had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and body fat parameters including W, %fat, fat mass, FFM, SFA, and VFA, but significantly lower aGA, and GA in all the three sex- and menopause-stratified groups (all P<0.05). GA decreased with the increment of fat mass for all three groups (all P for trend <0.001). In the same BMI category, men and postmenopausal women with elevated %fat (men, ≥25%; women, ≥35%) still had significantly lower GA than those with normal %fat (men, <25%; women, <35%) (all P<0.05). Multiple stepwise regression showed that %fat, fat mass, and VFA were independently associated with GA. Conclusions Serum GA was inversely influenced by fat mass and visceral adipose tissue in Chinese with normal glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junling Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
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111
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Zheng CM, Ma WY, Wu CC, Lu KC. Glycated albumin in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1555-61. [PMID: 22579765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia results in a non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, and produces Amadori products, such as glycated albumin (GA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fructosamine. In current clinical practice, long-term glycemic control is assessed by quarterly measurements of HbA1c. Since the degree of hemoglobin glycosylation depends not only on the level of glycemic control, but also on the lifespan of red blood cells, patients with hemoglobin disorders or anemia of any cause may have erroneous HbA1c levels, and consequently receive insufficient treatment. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often suffer from various types of anemia, and consequently, they are frequently treated with iron and/or erythropoietin therapy or frequent blood transfusion. Thus, serum GA is a potentially useful glycemic index in diabetic patients with CKD, since it is not influenced by anemia and associated treatments. GA may also reflect the status of blood glucose more rapidly (2-3 weeks) than HbA1c (2-3 months), and is beneficial in those with wide variations in blood glucose or at higher risk for hypoglycemia. If clinical investigations support its utility, it may be applicable as a screening tool for all patients with diabetes during routine health examinations. Serum GA levels are also associated with AGE-related fluorescence and the number of glycation sites, and it may influence the structural and functional changes inalbumin. Since end-stage renal disease is an extreme microvascular complication of diabetic nephropathy, CKD patients with diabetes should be carefully managed to prevent disease progression. In this review, the clinical aspects of GA were discussed, including a comparison of GA with other glycated proteins, the utility and limitations of GA as a glycemic index, its influence on the therapeutic effects of hypoglycemic agents, its correlations with vascular complications, and its potential role in pathogenesis, specifically in diabetic patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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112
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Abstract
The conventional glycemic indices used in management of diabetic patients includes A1c, fructosamine, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, and glycated albumin (GA). Among these indices, A1c is currently used as the gold standard. However, A1c cannot reflect the glycemic change over a relatively short period of time, and its accuracy is known to decrease when abnormalities in hemoglobin metabolism, such as anemia, coexist. When considering these weaknesses, there have been needs for finding a novel glycemic index for diagnosing and managing diabetes, as well as for predicting diabetic complications properly. Recently, several studies have suggested the potential of GA as an intermediate-term glycation index in covering the short-term effect of treatment. Furthermore, its role as a pathogenic protein affecting the worsening of diabetes and occurrence of diabetic complications is receiving attention as well. Therefore, in this article, we wanted to review the recent status of GA as a glycemic index and as a pathogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Joon Kim
- Severance Executive Healthcare Clinic, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Toyoda K, Furusyo N, Ihara T, Ikezaki H, Urita Y, Hayashi J. Serum pepsinogen and Helicobacter pylori infection--a Japanese population study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:2117-24. [PMID: 22354521 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The decreased ratio of serum pepsinogen (PG) I and II has good correlation with the presence of atrophic gastritis. A total of 1,540 residents aged 30-89 years were enrolled into this study to investigate which serum PG level of residents with Helicobacter pylori infection would represent an adjunct to the diagnosis and progression of atrophic gastritis. All participants received esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Serum antibody to H. pylori (anti-H. pylori) was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serological atrophic gastritis was defined as serum PG I isozyme level ≤70 ng/ml and a PG I/II ratio of ≤3.0. Of the 1,540 participants, 923 (59.9%) were positive for anti-H. pylori. Serological atrophic gastritis was found significantly more often in anti-H. pylori-positive participants (40.8%) than in anti-H. pylori-negative participants (7.9%) (p ≤ 0.0001). The endoscopic findings of anti-H. pylori-positive participants with serological atrophic gastritis were significantly more frequent by 4.06 times for atrophic gastritis (p ≤ 0.0001) than anti-H. pylori-negative participants without serological atrophic gastritis. Eight anti-H. pylori-positive participants were diagnosed with gastric cancer, but no cancer was found in anti-H. pylori-negative participants without serological atrophic gastritis. Serum PG testing is clinically useful for the prediction of gastric lesions in H. pylori-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Toyoda
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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114
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Unno M, Furusyo N, Mukae H, Koga T, Eiraku K, Hayashi J. The utility of visceral fat level by bioelectrical impedance analysis in the screening of metabolic syndrome - the results of the Kyushu and Okinawa Population Study (KOPS). J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:462-70. [PMID: 22659530 DOI: 10.5551/jat.11528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A simple, non-invasive medical device, using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the evaluation of visceral fat level (VFL) was developed recently. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of VFL by BIA in the screening of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS VFL was measured by the BIA device in 1,451 Japanese residents (546 men and 905 women, age range 30-69 years). RESULTS VFL had significant positive correlations with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (r=0.772 and 0.849, all P < 0.0001). The overall MetS prevalence using Japanese Diagnosis Criteria was 19.8%: men 36.3% and women 9.8%. The mean VFL of the participants with MetS was significantly higher than those without MetS (men; 12.1 and 9.4, women; 13.3 and 8.7) (both P < 0.001). VFL significantly correlated with blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (all P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for a diagnosis of two or more MetS risk factors excluding WC resulted in the same cutoff values for the VFL (10.0) of men and women. CONCLUSIONS The VFL by BIA is useful for the detection of MetS because it is correlated with all metabolic parameters and shows the same normal limit in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Unno
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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