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Retinal Degeneration and Alzheimer's Disease: An Evolving Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197290. [PMID: 33023198 PMCID: PMC7582766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are degenerative conditions of the retina and a significant cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common dementia of the elderly, is often associated with AMD and glaucoma. The cardinal features of AD include extracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) and intracellular deposits of hyper-phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Neuroinflammation and brain iron dyshomeostasis accompany Aβ and p-tau deposits and, together, lead to progressive neuronal death and dementia. The accumulation of Aβ and iron in drusen, the hallmark of AMD, and Aβ and p-tau in retinal ganglion cells (RGC), the main retinal cell type implicated in glaucoma, and accompanying inflammation suggest overlapping pathology. Visual abnormalities are prominent in AD and are believed to develop before cognitive decline. Some are caused by degeneration of the visual cortex, while others are due to RGC loss or AMD-associated retinal degeneration. Here, we review recent information on Aβ, p-tau, chronic inflammation, and iron dyshomeostasis as common pathogenic mechanisms linking the three degenerative conditions, and iron chelation as a common therapeutic option for these disorders. Additionally discussed is the role of prion protein, infamous for prion disorders, in Aβ-mediated toxicity and, paradoxically, in neuroprotection.
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102
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Wu Y, Zhan Z, Quan Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Liu L, Wu K, Yu M. SP1-mediated upregulation of LINGO-1 promotes degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in optic nerve injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:1010-1020. [PMID: 32562344 PMCID: PMC7539844 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Insults to the axons in the optic nerve head are the primary cause of loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in traumatic, ischemic nerve injury or degenerative ocular diseases. The central nervous system-specific leucine-rich repeat protein, LINGO-1, negatively regulates axon regeneration and neuronal survival after injury. However, the upstream molecular mechanisms that regulate LINGO-1 signaling and contribute to LINGO-1-mediated death of RGCs are unclear. METHODS The expression of SP1 was profiled in optic nerve crush (ONC)-injured RGCs. LINGO-1 level was examined after SP1 overexpression by qRT-PCR. Luciferase assay was used to examine the binding of SP1 to the promoter regions of LINGO-1. Primary RGCs from rat retina were isolated by immunopanning and RGCs apoptosis were determined by Tunnel. SP1 and LINGO-1 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry and Western bolting. Neuroprotection was assessed by RGC counts, RNFL thickness, and VEP tests after inhibition of SP1 shRNA. RESULTS We demonstrate that SP1 was upregulated in ONC-injured RGCs. SP1 was bound to the LINGO-1 promoter, which led to increased expression of LINGO-1. Treatment with recombinant Nogo-66 or LINGO-1 promoted apoptosis of RGCs cultured under serum-deprivation conditions, while silencing of SP1 promoted the survival of RGCs. SP1 and LINGO-1 colocalized and were upregulated in ONC-injured retinas. Silencing of SP1 in vivo reduced LINGO-1 expression and protected the structure of RGCs from ONC-induced injury, but there was no sign of recovery in VEP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that SP1 regulates LINGO-1 expression in RGCs in the injured retina and provide insight into mechanisms underlying LINGO-1-mediated RGC death in optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zongyi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yadan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaotao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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103
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Jiang K, Chen J, Tai L, Liu C, Chen X, Wei G, Lu W, Pan W. Inhibition of post-trabeculectomy fibrosis via topically instilled antisense oligonucleotide complexes co-loaded with fluorouracil. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1754-1768. [PMID: 33088694 PMCID: PMC7563997 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabeculectomy is the mainstay of surgical glaucoma treatment, while the success rate was unsatisfying due to postoperative scarring of the filtering blebs. Clinical countermeasures for scar prevention are intraoperative intervention or repeated subconjunctival injections. Herein, we designed a co-delivery system capable of transporting fluorouracil and anti-TGF-β2 oligonucleotide to synergistically inhibit fibroblast proliferation via topical instillation. This co-delivery system was built based on a cationic dendrimer core (PAMAM), which encapsulated fluorouracil within hydrophobic cavity and condensed oligonucleotide with surface amino groups, and was further modified with hyaluronic acid and cell-penetrating peptide penetratin. The co-delivery system was self-assembled into nanoscale complexes with increased cellular uptake and enabled efficient inhibition on proliferation of fibroblast cells. In vivo studies on rabbit trabeculectomy models further confirmed the anti-fibrosis efficiency of the complexes, which prolonged survival time of filtering blebs and maintained their height and extent during wound healing process, exhibiting an equivalent effect on scar prevention compared to intraoperative infiltration with fluorouracil. Qualitative observation by immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative analysis by Western blotting both suggested that TGF-β2 expression was inhibited by the co-delivery complexes. Our study provided a potential approach promising to guarantee success rate of trabeculectomy and prolong survival time of filtering blebs.
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Key Words
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotide
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate
- Fibrosis prevention
- Fluorouracil
- Fu, fluorouracil
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Gene delivery
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IBAGS, the Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale
- IOP, intraocular pressure
- L929, murine fibroblast cells
- MWCO, molecular weight cut-off
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PAMAM, poly(amidoamine)
- PEI, polyethylenimine
- PG5, PAMAM G5–NH2
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- Pene, penetratin
- Penetratin
- SDHCEC, human corneal epithelial cells
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- Trabeculectomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lingyu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 51980091, fax: +86 21 51980090 (Gang Wei); Tel.: +86 24 23986313, fax: +86 24 23953241 (Weisan Pan).
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 51980091, fax: +86 21 51980090 (Gang Wei); Tel.: +86 24 23986313, fax: +86 24 23953241 (Weisan Pan).
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104
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Li X, Fang J, Xin M, Li Q, Wang J, Yang H, Wu X. Rebaudioside A/TPGS mixed nanomicelles as promising nanocarriers for nimodipine ocular delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1119-1132. [PMID: 32783152 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nimodipine (NMD), a calcium channel blocker, has demonstrated benefits in treating glaucoma. However, its ocular therapeutic application remains limited due to its poor aqueous solubility, which restrains the development of an ophthalmic formulation. Thus, the present study aimed to formulate an NMD micelle ophthalmic solution to enhance the potential of NMD in an ocular topical formulation to treat glaucoma. The NMD micelle ophthalmic solution was formulated with nanocarriers composed of rebaudioside A and D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate. Spherical mixed micelles were optimized and obtained at a small micelle size 13.429 ± 0.181 nm with a narrow size distribution (polydispersity index 0.166 ± 0.023) and high encapsulation efficiency rate (99.59 ± 0.09%). Compared with free NMD, NMD in micelles had much greater in vitro membrane permeability and antioxidant activity. The NMD micelle ophthalmic solution was well tolerated in rabbit eyes. It profoundly improved the in vivo intraocular permeation of NMD, and in vivo intraocular pressure reduction and improved miosis were also observed. Accordingly, this NMD micelle ophthalmic solution might be a promising ocular formulation to treat glaucoma. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jingwang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Meng Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research for Metabolic Diseases, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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105
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George Y, Antony BJ, Ishikawa H, Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Garnavi R. Attention-Guided 3D-CNN Framework for Glaucoma Detection and Structural-Functional Association Using Volumetric Images. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2020; 24:3421-3430. [PMID: 32750930 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The direct analysis of 3D Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) volumes enables deep learning models (DL) to learn spatial structural information and discover new bio-markers that are relevant to glaucoma. Downsampling 3D input volumes is the state-of-art solution to accommodate for the limited number of training volumes as well as the available computing resources. However, this limits the network's ability to learn from small retinal structures in OCT volumes. In this paper, our goal is to improve the performance by providing guidance to DL model during training in order to learn from finer ocular structures in 3D OCT volumes. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end attention guided 3D DL model for glaucoma detection and estimating visual function from retinal structures. The model consists of three pathways with the same network architecture but different inputs. One input is the original 3D-OCT cube and the other two are computed during training guided by the 3D gradient class activation heatmaps. Each pathway outputs the class-label and the whole model is trained concurrently to minimize the sum of losses from three pathways. The final output is obtained by fusing the predictions of the three pathways. Also, to explore the robustness and generalizability of the proposed model, we apply the model on a classification task for glaucoma detection as well as a regression task to estimate visual field index (VFI) (a value between 0 and 100). A 5-fold cross-validation with a total of 3782 and 10,370 OCT scans is used to train and evaluate the classification and regression models, respectively. The glaucoma detection model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 93.8% compared with 86.8% for a baseline model without the attention-guided component. The model also outperformed six different feature based machine learning approaches that use scanner computed measurements for training. Further, we also assessed the contribution of different retinal layers that are relevant to glaucoma. The VFI estimation model achieved a Pearson correlation and median absolute error of 0.75 and 3.6%, respectively, for a test set of size 3100 cubes.
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106
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Nguyen DD, Luo LJ, Lai JY. Effects of shell thickness of hollow poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles on sustained drug delivery for pharmacological treatment of glaucoma. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:302-315. [PMID: 32428681 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Structural designing of carriers with extended drug release profiles is critically important for achieving long-acting drug delivery systems toward efficient managements of chronic diseases. Here, we present a strategy to exploit the effects of the shell thickness of hollow poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles (HPLA NPs) in sustained glaucoma therapy. Formulations based on pilocarpine-loaded HPLA NPs with tailorable shell thickness ranging from 10 to 100 nm were shown to be highly compatible with human lens epithelial cells in vitro and with rabbit eyes in vivo. Specifically, shell thickness regulated the release of pilocarpine, with thick shells (~70 to 100 nm) providing sustained drug release performance but limited drug-loading efficiency, whereas ultrathin shells (~10 nm) induced the opposite effects. Remarkably, moderately thick shells (~40 nm) showed the most effective release profile of pilocarpine (above the therapeutic levels of ~10 µg/mL for over 56 days). In a rabbit model of glaucoma, single intracameral administration of an HPLA NP-based formulation with shell thickness of ~40 nm sustainably alleviated ocular hypertension for over 56 days, consequently protecting the structural integrity of the corneal endothelium, preserving the electrophysiological functions of the retina, and attenuating retinal and optic nerve degeneration in progressively glaucomatous eyes. The findings therefore implied a promising use of shell thickness effects in the development of long-acting drug delivery systems for pharmacological treatment of chronic ocular diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Owing to their large surface areas and modifiable structures, nanoparticles have been considered as a promising platform for drug delivery; however, achieving drug nanocarrier systems with reduced burst release and sustained therapeutic efficacy remains challenges. This work presents the first report on rational design of hollow poly(lactic acid) nanocarriers for tailoring the structure-property-function relationships toward effective treatment of glaucoma. The shell thickness of the hollow nanocarriers is demonstrated to have influential impacts on pilocarpine encapsulation efficiency and release profile, indicating that the most sustained delivery performance (maintaining the release of pilocarpine above therapeutic level over 56 days) can be obtained for the polymeric nanoparticles with moderate shell thickness of ~40 nm.
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107
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Beykin G, Norcia AM, Srinivasan VJ, Dubra A, Goldberg JL. Discovery and clinical translation of novel glaucoma biomarkers. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100875. [PMID: 32659431 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma and other optic neuropathies are characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. Given the high prevalence of glaucoma-related blindness and the availability of treatment options, improving the diagnosis and precise monitoring of progression in these conditions is paramount. Here we review recent progress in the development of novel biomarkers for glaucoma in the context of disease pathophysiology and we propose future steps for the field, including integration of exploratory biomarker outcomes into prospective therapeutic trials. We anticipate that, when validated, some of the novel glaucoma biomarkers discussed here will prove useful for clinical diagnosis and prediction of progression, as well as monitoring of clinical responses to standard and investigational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gala Beykin
- Spencer Center for Vision Research at Stanford University, 2370 Watson Ct, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.
| | - Anthony M Norcia
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Vivek J Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X St, Sacramento, CA, 96817, USA.
| | - Alfredo Dubra
- Spencer Center for Vision Research at Stanford University, 2370 Watson Ct, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research at Stanford University, 2370 Watson Ct, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.
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108
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Wu CL, Yang YT, Wang YH, Lin TY, Lin IC, Sung CW. Association of interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms and glaucoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:1862-1869. [PMID: 32628041 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120940198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association between IL-6 gene polymorphisms (rs1800795 and rs1524107) and glaucoma. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed to select eligible studies regarding IL-6 polymorphisms and glaucoma. The effect sizes in the fixed-effects model were calculated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Four eligible studies comprising 762 cases and 799 controls were selected for meta-analysis. Regarding the association between the IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism and glaucoma, those who carried the G/G+G/C genotypes had a non-significant higher risk of glaucoma (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.76-2.19) in the dominant model. However, no obvious association (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.68-1.37) was found for the recessive model (G/G vs G/C+C/C). In the subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, no significant associations were observed in populations of Asian or European heritage. Significantly higher glaucoma risks of 15.9 and 99.0 were observed for the dominant (C/C+C/T vs T/T) and recessive (C/C vs C/T+T/T) models, respectively. CONCLUSION No statistically significant glaucoma risks were observed for the rs1800795 except rs1524107 polymorphism of IL-6. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to validate the effects of IL-6 polymorphisms on glaucoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Chan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Sung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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109
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Esteban-Pérez S, Andrés-Guerrero V, López-Cano JJ, Molina-Martínez I, Herrero-Vanrell R, Bravo-Osuna I. Gelatin Nanoparticles-HPMC Hybrid System for Effective Ocular Topical Administration of Antihypertensive Agents. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E306. [PMID: 32231033 PMCID: PMC7238113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increment in ocular drug bioavailability after topical administration is one of the main challenges in pharmaceutical technology. For several years, different strategies based on nanotechnology, hydrogels or implants have been evaluated. Nowadays, the tolerance of ophthalmic preparations has become a critical issue and it is essential to the use of well tolerated excipients. In the present work, we have explored the potential of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) loaded with timolol maleate (TM), a beta-adrenergic blocker widely used in the clinic for glaucoma treatment and a hybrid system of TM-GNPs included in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) viscous solution. The TM- loaded nanoparticles (mean particle size of 193 ± 20 nm and drug loading of 0.291 ± 0.019 mg TM/mg GNPs) were well tolerated both in vitro (human corneal cells) and in vivo. The in vivo efficacy studies performed in normotensive rabbits demonstrated that these gelatin nanoparticles were able to achieve the same hypotensive effect as a marketed formulation (0.5% TM) containing a 5-fold lower concentration of the drug. When comparing commercial and TM-GNPs formulations with the same TM dose, nanoparticles generated an increased efficacy with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) (from 21% to 30%) and an augmentation of 1.7-fold in the area under the curve (AUC)(0-12h). On the other hand, the combination of timolol-loaded nanoparticles (TM 0.1%) and the viscous polymer HPMC 0.3%, statistically improved the IOP reduction up to 30% (4.65 mmHg) accompanied by a faster time of maximum effect (tmax = 1 h). Furthermore, the hypotensive effect was extended for four additional hours, reaching a pharmacological activity that lasted 12 h after a single instillation of this combination, and leading to an AUC(0-12h) 2.5-fold higher than the one observed for the marketed formulation. According to the data presented in this work, the use of hybrid systems that combine well tolerated gelatin nanoparticles and a viscous agent could be a promising alternative in the management of high intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esteban-Pérez
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Andrés-Guerrero
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Javier López-Cano
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molina-Martínez
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Herrero-Vanrell
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Bravo-Osuna
- Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development in Ophthalmology (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.-P.); (V.A.-G.); (J.J.L.-C.); (I.M.-M.); (R.H.-V.)
- Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC) San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Wang B, Yan T, Zhou J, Xie Y, Qiu J, Wang Y, Lu W. Altered fMRI-derived functional connectivity in patients with high-tension glaucoma. J Neuroradiol 2020; 48:94-98. [PMID: 32169470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-tension glaucoma (HTG) is associated with functional changes in the brain, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the major causes. PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of high IOP on the brain in patients with HTG by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients with HTG and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent IOP examination and rs-fMRI scan. Voxel-wise functional connectivity (FC) values were obtained between the Brodmann Area (BA) 17 (primary visual cortex) and the rest of the brain, two-sample t test was performed between HTG group and HCs. Correlation analysis was performed between FC and clinical information. RESULTS Compared with HCs, HTG patients demonstrated decreased FC between BA 17 and the right precuneus gyrus, decreased FC between BA 17 and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (GRF corrected at voxel level P<0.001 and cluster level P<0.05, two-tailed). FC between BA 17 and the right SFG showed significantly negative correlation with right eyes' IOP and mean IOP. CONCLUSION HTG patients had abnormal FC changes between the visual cortex and multiple functional brain regions related to visual sense, memory consolidation and cognitive processing, which provided image support for the pathophysiology research of HTG, and revealed new targets for the accurate treatment of HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Tingqin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yuanzhong Xie
- Department of Radiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China; Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China.
| | - Weizhao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China; Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China.
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111
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The mito-QC Reporter for Quantitative Mitophagy Assessment in Primary Retinal Ganglion Cells and Experimental Glaucoma Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051882. [PMID: 32164182 PMCID: PMC7084520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage plays a prominent role in glaucoma. The only way cells can degrade whole mitochondria is via autophagy, in a process called mitophagy. Thus, studying mitophagy in the context of glaucoma is essential to understand the disease. Up to date limited tools are available for analyzing mitophagy in vivo. We have taken advantage of the mito-QC reporter, a recently generated mouse model that allows an accurate mitophagy assessment to fill this gap. We used primary RGCs and retinal explants derived from mito-QC mice to quantify mitophagy activation in vitro and ex vivo. We also analyzed mitophagy in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), in vivo, using different mitophagy inducers, as well as after optic nerve crush (ONC) in mice, a commonly used surgical procedure to model glaucoma. Using mito-QC reporter we quantified mitophagy induced by several known inducers in primary RGCs in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. We also found that RGCs were rescued from some glaucoma relevant stress factors by incubation with the iron chelator deferiprone (DFP). Thus, the mito-QC reporter-based model is a valuable tool for accurately analyzing mitophagy in the context of glaucoma.
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112
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Guo L, Davis BM, Ravindran N, Galvao J, Kapoor N, Haamedi N, Shamsher E, Luong V, Fico E, Cordeiro MF. Topical recombinant human Nerve growth factor (rh-NGF) is neuroprotective to retinal ganglion cells by targeting secondary degeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3375. [PMID: 32099056 PMCID: PMC7042238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathy is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and no effective treatment is currently available. Secondary degeneration is believed to be the major contributor to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, the endpoint of optic neuropathy. Partial optic nerve transection (pONT) is an established model of optic neuropathy. Although the mechanisms of primary and secondary degeneration have been delineated in this model, until now how this is influenced by therapy is not well-understood. In this article, we describe a clinically translatable topical, neuroprotective treatment (recombinant human nerve growth factor, rh-NGF) predominantly targeting secondary degeneration in a pONT rat model. Topical application of rh-NGF twice daily for 3 weeks significantly improves RGC survival as shown by reduced RGC apoptosis in vivo and increased RGC population in the inferior retina, which is predominantly affected in this model by secondary degeneration. Topical rh-NGF also promotes greater axonal survival and inhibits astrocyte activity in the optic nerve. Collectively, these results suggest that topical rh-NGF exhibits neuroprotective effects on retinal neurons via influencing secondary degeneration process. As topical rh-NGF is already involved in early clinical trials, this highlights its potential in multiple indications in patients, including those affected by glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Benjamin M Davis
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nivedita Ravindran
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Galvao
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neel Kapoor
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nasrin Haamedi
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ehtesham Shamsher
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vy Luong
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Fico
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- Glaucoma & Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom. .,Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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113
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den Haan J, van de Kreeke JA, Konijnenberg E, ten Kate M, den Braber A, Barkhof F, van Berckel BN, Teunissen CE, Scheltens P, Visser PJ, Verbraak FD, Bouwman FH. Retinal thickness as a potential biomarker in patients with amyloid-proven early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:463-471. [PMID: 31249859 PMCID: PMC6584766 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Retinal thickness measured with optical coherence tomography has been proposed as a noninvasive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore measured retinal thickness in well-characterized AD and control participants, considering ophthalmological confounders. Methods We included 57 amyloid-proven AD cases and 85 cognitively normal, amyloid-negative controls. All subjects underwent retinal thickness measurements with spectral domain optical coherence tomography and an ophthalmological assessment to exclude ocular disease. Results Retinal thickness did not discriminate cases from controls, including stratified analyses for early- versus late-onset AD. We found significant associations between macular thickness and global cortical atrophy [β -0.358; P = .01] and parietal cortical atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging [β -0.371; P < .01] in AD cases. Discussion In this study, representing the largest optical coherence tomography cohort with amyloid-proven AD cases, we show that retinal thickness does not discriminate AD from controls, despite evident changes on clinical, neuroimaging, and CSF measures, querying the use of retinal thickness measurements as an AD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurre den Haan
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacoba A. van de Kreeke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Konijnenberg
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mara ten Kate
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- UCL Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, UK
| | - Bart N. van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank D. Verbraak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke H. Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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114
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Kreeke JA, Nguyen H, Haan J, Konijnenberg E, Tomassen J, Braber A, Kate M, Collij L, Yaqub M, Berckel B, Lammertsma AA, Boomsma DI, Tan HS, Verbraak FD, Visser PJ. Retinal layer thickness in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:798-804. [PMID: 31058465 PMCID: PMC6900176 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose There is urgent need for non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Several studies suggest that retinal thickness is reduced in AD. Here, we aim to test the diagnostic value of retinal thickness in preclinical AD, as defined by cognitively normal individuals with amyloid pathology on PET. Methods One hundred and sixty five cognitively healthy monozygotic twins aged ≥ 60 were included from the Netherlands Twin Register taking part in the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease PreclinAD study. Participants underwent [18F] flutemetamol PET that was visually rated for presence or absence of cortical amyloid beta (Aβ). Binding potential (BPND) was calculated as continuous measure for Aβ. Spectral Domain OCT was used to asses total and individual inner retinal layer thickness in the macular region (ETDRS circles) as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness. Differences between Aβ+ and Aβ− individuals and associations between BPND and retinal thickness were analyzed. Results No differences were found in retinal layer thickness in the macula or pRNFL between Aβ+ and Aβ− individuals. A positive associations between BPND and macular total retinal thickness was observed in the inner ring (p = 0.018), but this was not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (p = 0.144). Brain/eye parameters had moderate to high intra‐twin correlations (p < 0.001) except visual rating score of Aβ, which did not correlate (r = 0.21, p = 0.068). Conclusion Variation in retinal thickness likely reflects genetic differences between individuals, but cannot discriminate between healthy and preclinical AD cases, making its use as biomarker in these early stages limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoba A. Kreeke
- Ophthalmology Department Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hoang‐Ton Nguyen
- Ophthalmology Department Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jurre Haan
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elles Konijnenberg
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jori Tomassen
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Braber
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Mara Kate
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lyduine Collij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bart Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A. Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hendra Stevie Tan
- Ophthalmology Department Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Frank D. Verbraak
- Ophthalmology Department Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Neuroscience Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc Amsterdam The Netherlands
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115
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Juliana FR, Kesse S, Boakye-Yiadom KO, Veroniaina H, Wang H, Sun M. Promising Approach in the Treatment of Glaucoma Using Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine-Based Systems. Molecules 2019; 24:E3805. [PMID: 31652593 PMCID: PMC6833088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is considered a leading cause of blindness with the human eye being one of the body's most delicate organs. Ocular diseases encompass diverse diseases affecting the anterior and posterior ocular sections, respectively. The human eye's peculiar and exclusive anatomy and physiology continue to pose a significant obstacle to researchers and pharmacologists in the provision of efficient drug delivery. Though several traditional invasive and noninvasive eye therapies exist, including implants, eye drops, and injections, there are still significant complications that arise which may either be their low bioavailability or the grave ocular adverse effects experienced thereafter. On the other hand, new nanoscience technology and nanotechnology serve as a novel approach in ocular disease treatment. In order to interact specifically with ocular tissues and overcome ocular challenges, numerous active molecules have been modified to react with nanocarriers. In the general population of glaucoma patients, disease growth and advancement cannot be contained by decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP), hence a spiking in future research for novel drug delivery systems and target therapeutics. This review focuses on nanotechnology and its therapeutic and diagnostic prospects in ophthalmology, specifically glaucoma. Nanotechnology and nanomedicine history, the human eye anatomy, research frontiers in nanomedicine and nanotechnology, its imaging modal quality, diagnostic and surgical approach, and its possible application in glaucoma will all be further explored below. Particular focus will be on the efficiency and safety of this new therapy and its advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Kesse
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Kofi Oti Boakye-Yiadom
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Hanitrarimalala Veroniaina
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Meihao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Baig MH, Baker A, Ashraf GM, Dong JJ. ASK1 and its role in cardiovascular and other disorders: available treatments and future prospects. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:857-870. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1676735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu Baker
- Nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ghulam M Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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117
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Franca JR, Foureaux G, Fuscaldi LL, Ribeiro TG, Castilho RO, Yoshida MI, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SO, Cronemberger S, Nogueira JC, Ferreira AJ, Faraco AA. Chitosan/hydroxyethyl cellulose inserts for sustained-release of dorzolamide for glaucoma treatment: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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118
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Ma DJ, Lim MS, Park UC, Park JB, Ji SY, Yu HG. Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Labeling of Photoreceptor Precursors for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:532-542. [PMID: 31418341 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This study describes the methods and results of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) labeling and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking of human embryonic stem cell-derived photoreceptor precursors transplanted into the subretinal space of Royal College of Surgeons rats. SPION labeling and MRI tracking provide information about the biodistribution of transplanted photoreceptor precursors, which is necessary for improving the functional benefits of cell therapy for degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Joong Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Retinal Degeneration Research Lab, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lim
- R&D Center, Jeil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin-si, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Chul Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Retinal Degeneration Research Lab, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Bum Park
- Retinal Degeneration Research Lab, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Ji
- R&D Center, Jeil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin-si, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Retinal Degeneration Research Lab, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effect of ocular hypertension on the pattern of retinal ganglion cell subtype loss in a mouse model of early-onset glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2019; 185:107703. [PMID: 31211954 PMCID: PMC7430001 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease with elevated intraocular pressure as one of the major risk factors. Glaucoma leads to irreversible loss of vision and its progression involves optic nerve head cupping, axonal degeneration, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, and visual field defects. Despite its high global prevalence, glaucoma still remains a major neurodegenerative disease. Introduction of mouse models of experimental glaucoma has become integral to glaucoma research due to well-studied genetics as well as ease of manipulations. Many established inherent and inducible mouse models of glaucoma are used to study the molecular and physiological progression of the disease. One such model of spontaneous mutation is the nee model, which is caused by mutation of the Sh3pxd2b gene. In both humans and mice, mutations disrupting function of the SH3PXD2B adaptor protein cause a developmental syndrome including secondary congenital glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to characterize the early onset nee glaucoma phenotype on the C57BL/6J background and to evaluate the pattern of RGC loss and axonal degeneration in specific RGC subtypes. We found that the B6.Sh3pxd2bnee mutant animals exhibit glaucoma phenotypes of elevated intraocular pressure, RGC loss and axonal degeneration. Moreover, the non-image forming RGCs survived longer than the On-Off direction selective RGCs (DSGC), and the axonal death in these RGCs was independent of their respective RGC subtype. In conclusion, through this study we characterized an experimental model of early onset glaucoma on a C57BL/6J background exhibiting key glaucoma phenotypes. In addition, we describe that RGC death has subtype-specific sensitivities and follows a specific pattern of cell death under glaucomatous conditions.
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120
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den Haan J, Csinscik L, Parker T, Paterson RW, Slattery CF, Foulkes A, Bouwman FH, Verbraak FD, Scheltens P, Peto T, Lengyel I, Schott JM, Crutch SJ, Shakespeare TJ, Yong KXX. Retinal thickness as potential biomarker in posterior cortical atrophy and typical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:62. [PMID: 31319885 PMCID: PMC6639972 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal thickness can be measured non-invasively with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and may offer compelling potential as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Retinal thinning is hypothesized to be a result of retrograde atrophy and/or parallel neurodegenerative processes. Changes in the visual pathway are of particular interest in posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), the most common atypical AD phenotype predominantly affecting the parietal-occipital cortices. We therefore evaluated retinal thickness as non-invasive biomarker of neurodegeneration in well-characterized participants with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and typical Alzheimer's disease (tAD). METHODS Retinal thickness measures were acquired from 48 patient participants (N = 25 PCA; N = 23 tAD) fulfilling consensus diagnostic criteria and 70 age-matched controls. Participants were recruited between 2014 and 2016. All participants underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, including measurement of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and total macular thickness (mRT). Participants did not show evidence of any significant ophthalmological conditions. Subgroup analyses were performed in participants with available MRI and CSF measures, providing evidence of neurodegeneration and underlying AD pathology respectively. RESULTS There was no evidence of overall between-group differences in pRNFL thickness (mean PCA 98.7 ± 12.2; tAD 99.9 ± 8.7; controls 99.6 ± 10.0 μm, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p = 0.92) or total mRT (mean PCA 266.9 ± 16.3; tAD 267.8 ± 13.6; controls 269.3 ± 13.6 μm, one-way ANOVA p = 0.75). Similarly, subgroup analysis with MRI biomarkers (PCA = 18, tAD = 17, controls = 31) showing neurodegeneration, and CSF biomarkers (PCA = 18, tAD = 14, controls = 13) supporting underlying AD pathology did not provide evidence of overall between-group differences in pRNFL or mRT measures (all p > 0.3). CONCLUSIONS Retinal thickness did not discriminate tAD and PCA from controls or from one another despite unequivocal differences on standard clinical, neuro-imaging and CSF measures. Findings from this well-characterized sample, including cases with PCA, do not support the hypothesis that retinal neurodegeneration, measured using conventional OCT, is a useful biomarker for AD or PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurre den Haan
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Mailbox 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lajos Csinscik
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology UCL, London, UK
| | - Tom Parker
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ross W. Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Alexander Foulkes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Femke H. Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Mailbox 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank D. Verbraak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Mailbox 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL, London, UK
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology UCL, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sebastian J. Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Keir X. X. Yong
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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121
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Miller N, Liu Y, Krivochenitser R, Rokers B. Linking neural and clinical measures of glaucoma with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217011. [PMID: 31150402 PMCID: PMC6544345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To link optic nerve (ON) structural properties to clinical markers of glaucoma using advanced, semi-automated diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography in human glaucoma patients. Methods We characterized optic neuropathy in patients with unilateral advanced-stage glaucoma (n = 6) using probabilistic dMRI tractography and compared their results to those in healthy controls (n = 6). Results We successfully identified the ONs of glaucoma patients based on dMRI in all patients and confirmed that dMRI measures of the ONs correlated with clinical markers of glaucoma severity. Specifically, we found reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the ONs of eyes with advanced, as compared to mild, glaucoma (F(1,10) = 55.474, p < 0.0001, FDR < 0.0005). Furthermore, by comparing the ratios of ON FA in glaucoma patients to those of healthy controls (n = 6), we determined that this difference was beyond that expected from normal anatomical variation (F(1,9) = 20.276, p < 0. 005). Finally, we linked the dMRI measures of ON FA to standard clinical glaucoma measures. ON vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCD) predicted ON FA (F(1,10) = 11.061, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.66), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) predicted ON FA (F(1,10) = 11.477, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.63) and ON FA predicted perceptual deficits (visual field index [VFI]) (F(1,10) = 15.308, p < 0.005, R2 = 0.52). Conclusion We describe semi-automated methods to detect glaucoma-related structural changes using dMRI and confirm that they correlate with clinical measures of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Roman Krivochenitser
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bas Rokers
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Farajipour H, Rahimian S, Taghizadeh M. Curcumin: A new candidate for retinal disease therapy? J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6886-6893. [PMID: 30548307 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The retina is the neural portion and light-sensitive layer of the eye, which has been observed in most of the vertebrates. The retina is composed of light-sensitive cells that absorb light and convert it into neural signals. These signals are sent to the brain for visual recognition. It has been shown that many pathogenesis conditions, including inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and imbalanced histone modifications in the retina are associated with initiation and progression of retinal diseases (ie, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration). Currently available treatments include laser surgery, freezing, stem-cell therapy, shrinking abnormal blood vessels. It has some limitations, such as invasive methods, high costs, and many side effects. Hence, finding a new therapeutic platform for stopping or slowing of the disease progression is required. Curcumin is a natural product, which is associated with a wide range of properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antitumor activates. It exerts therapeutic effects via activation/inhibition cellular and molecular targets involved in various diseases, such as retinal diseases. Increasing evidence revealed that curcumin can be used as a therapeutic option in the treatment of different retinal diseases. Here, we summarized various clinical and preclinical studies that used curcumin as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Rahimian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, School of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Shamsher E, Davis BM, Yap TE, Guo L, Cordeiro MF. Neuroprotection in glaucoma: old concepts, new ideas. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2019.1604222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Shamsher
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Benjamin M. Davis
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London
| | - Timothy E. Yap
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Maria Francesca Cordeiro
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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124
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Chen L, Li S, Cai F, Wu L, Gong H, Pei C, Zhou F, Zeng X. Altered functional connectivity density in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients at resting-state. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:603-614. [PMID: 31143651 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.04.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a neurodegenerative disease. Previous structural and functional studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have demonstrated widespread dysfunction of spontaneous activity in the PACG brain. In this study, we applied a data-driven graph theory approach of functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping to investigate the altered local and global functional connectivity (FC) of the cortex in PACG. Methods Forty-five PACG patients (53.28±10.79 years, 17 males/28 females) and 46 well-matched healthy controls (HCs) (52.67±11.01 years,18 males/28 females) received resting-state fMRI scans. All PACG patients finished complete ophthalmologic examinations, including retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), intraocular pressure (IOP), average cup to disc ratio (A-C/D), and vertical cup to disc ratio (V-C/D). We calculated the between-group FCD difference for short-range and long-range in each voxel. Then, we generated the intrinsic FC of the seed region with the whole brain. Finally, correlations were investigated between FCD value of the altered regions and clinical variables. Results PACG patients showed increased short-range FCD in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)/insula/parahippocampal gyrus and right IFG/insula (P<0.05, corrected), compared with the HCs. Simultaneously, the decreased regions in short-range FCD map were the occipital/cuneus/precuneus/superior parietal/postcentral lobe (P<0.05, corrected). In the PACG groups, decreased long-range FCD was observed in the left middle frontal gyrus compared to the HC (P<0.05, corrected). RNFLT was positively correlated with decreased short-range FCD value of the occipital/cuneus/precuneus/superior parietal/postcentral lobes, and the A-C/D was negatively correlated with the increased short-range FCD value of the left IFG/insula/parahippocampal gyrus, and the right IFG/insula. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PACG can induce extensive brain dysfunction, and showed different spatial distribution in short- and long-range FCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shenghong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fengqin Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Honghan Gong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chonggang Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fuqing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.,Jiangxi Medical Imaging Research Institute, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xianjun Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.,Jiangxi Medical Imaging Research Institute, Nanchang 330006, China
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125
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Dey A, Manthey AL, Chiu K, Do CW. Methods to Induce Chronic Ocular Hypertension: Reliable Rodent Models as a Platform for Cell Transplantation and Other Therapies. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:213-229. [PMID: 29637819 PMCID: PMC5898687 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a form of progressive optic neuropathy, is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Being a prominent disease affecting vision, substantial efforts are being made to better understand glaucoma pathogenesis and to develop novel treatment options including neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches. Cell transplantation has the potential to play a neuroprotective and/or neuroregenerative role for various ocular cell types (e.g., retinal cells, trabecular meshwork). Notably, glaucoma is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure, and over the past 2 decades, several rodent models of chronic ocular hypertension (COH) have been developed that reflect these changes in pressure. However, the underlying pathophysiology of glaucoma in these models and how they compare to the human condition remains unclear. This limitation is the primary barrier for using rodent models to develop novel therapies to manage glaucoma and glaucoma-related blindness. Here, we review the current techniques used to induce COH-related glaucoma in various rodent models, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of the each, in order to provide a more complete understanding of how these models can be best utilized. To so do, we have separated them based on the target tissue (pre-trabecular, trabecular, and post-trabecular) in order to provide the reader with an encompassing reference describing the most appropriate rodent COH models for their research. We begin with an initial overview of the current use of these models in the evaluation of cell transplantation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Dey
- 1 School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abby L Manthey
- 2 Laboratory of Retina Brain Research, Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- 2 Laboratory of Retina Brain Research, Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,3 Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,4 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Wai Do
- 1 School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Arranz-Romera A, Davis B, Bravo-Osuna I, Esteban-Pérez S, Molina-Martínez I, Shamsher E, Ravindran N, Guo L, Cordeiro M, Herrero-Vanrell R. Simultaneous co-delivery of neuroprotective drugs from multi-loaded PLGA microspheres for the treatment of glaucoma. J Control Release 2019; 297:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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127
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Park YH, Snook JD, Ostrin EJ, Kim S, Chen R, Frankfort BJ. Transcriptomic profiles of retinal ganglion cells are defined by the magnitude of intraocular pressure elevation in adult mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2594. [PMID: 30796289 PMCID: PMC6385489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major risk factor for glaucoma, a sight threatening disease of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Despite the central importance of IOP, details of the impact of IOP elevation on RGC gene expression remain elusive. We developed a 4-step immunopanning protocol to extract adult mouse RGCs with high fidelity and used it to isolate RGCs from wild type mice exposed to 2 weeks of IOP elevation generated by the microbead model. IOP was elevated to 2 distinct levels which were defined as Mild (IOP increase >1 mmHg and <4 mmHg) and Moderate (IOP increase ≥4 mmHg). RNA sequencing was used to compare the transcriptional environment at each IOP level. Differentially expressed genes were markedly different between the 2 groups, and pathway analysis revealed frequently opposed responses between the IOP levels. These results suggest that the magnitude of IOP elevation has a critical impact on RGC transcriptional changes. Furthermore, it is possible that IOP-based set points exist within RGCs to impact the direction of transcriptional change. It is possible that this improved understanding of changes in RGC gene expression can ultimately lead to novel diagnostics and therapeutics for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States
| | - Joshua D Snook
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Sangbae Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States
| | - Benjamin J Frankfort
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States. .,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States.
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128
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Shajari M, Herrmann K, Bühren J, Vunnava P, Vounotrypidis E, Müller M, Al-Khateeb G, Kohnen T. Anterior Chamber Angle, Volume, and Depth in a Normative Cohort-A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:632-637. [PMID: 30747543 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1576205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the distribution of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) within a population-based study sample in Germany and to find correlations between age, sphere, and biometric parameters of the anterior chamber. Patients and Methods: A total of 500 eyes, approximately 100 eyes per decade starting with patient age of 20 years, of 463 patients with an average age of 45.2 ± 14.1 (±values subsequent represent standard deviation) years without any known history of ocular diseases, surgery, or optic nerve head excavation or hypoplasia were included. ACAs, volume, and depth were correlated to age and sphere. Scheimpflug images (Pentacam, Oculus) with automatically measured ACAs were compared to manually measured angles (Bland Altman analysis) in this healthy population. Results: The mean manually measured ACA was 26.5° ± 3.9°; the highest average angle was found in the temporal position with 28.1° ± 4.9°, while the lowest average angle was found in nasal superior position with 25.7° ± 4.7°. Statistical analysis showed an average difference of +11.4° nasal and +12.1° temporal between the automatic measurements and the manually measured angles (P < 0.01). The analysis also revealed an independent inverted correlation between age (correlation coefficient between -0.28 and -0.38) and sphere (correlation coefficient between -0.44 and -0.51) of the participants and the anterior chamber volume, angle, and anterior chamber depth (P < 0.01 for all correlations). Conclusion: The ACA width manually measured is considerably less compared to automated imaging and formerly reported values. There is a significant difference in the ACA dependent on the position of measurement (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal) with the average angle being inversely correlated to age and sphere. Abbreviations: AC: anterior chamber ACA: anterior chamber angle ACV: anterior chamber volume ACD: anterior chamber depth AAC: acute angle closure OAG: open-angle glaucoma OCT: optical coherence tomography ACG: angle-closure glaucoma MIGS: microinvasive glaucoma surgery PACS: primary angle-closure suspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shajari
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Goethe-University , Frankfurt , Germany.,b Department of Ophthalmology , LM-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Kim Herrmann
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Goethe-University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Jens Bühren
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Goethe-University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Poojita Vunnava
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Goethe-University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | | | - Michael Müller
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Goethe-University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Ghada Al-Khateeb
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Goethe-University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Thomas Kohnen
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Goethe-University , Frankfurt , Germany
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129
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Unterlauft JD, Rehak M, Böhm MRR, Rauscher FG. Analyzing the impact of glaucoma on the macular architecture using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209610. [PMID: 30596720 PMCID: PMC6312265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) the retina can be segmented automatically to visualize all retinal layers. In glaucoma chronically elevated intraocular pressure leads to a decline of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) which changes retinal architecture. The goal of these analyses was to gain insight into the changes induced by glaucoma within all macular layers using SD-OCT within a closely circumscribed glaucoma cohort. Materials and methods SD-OCT measurements with automated retinal layer segmentation were performed in both eyes of primary open-angle glaucoma patients with a defined monocular absolute visual field scotoma in the central 10° of the visual field and in an age-matched healthy control group. Thickness of single retinal layers and entire retina were compared with special attention to the localization of the visual field scotoma in the glaucomatous eyes. Results 30 eyes of 15 glaucoma patients and 15 eyes of 15 healthy controls were included in this study. Statistical significant thickness differences were detected in the control group between superior and inferior retina for the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the outer nuclear layer (ONL). In the glaucoma group thickness differences between worse and less affected eyes in the RNFL, the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layers (INL) were found. Comparison between healthy and diseased eyes revealed significant thickness differences in the RNFL, GCL, IPL and total retinal thickness but not the outer retinal layers. Conclusion Comparison between SD-OCT measurements of the macula between healthy and glaucomatous eyes in a closely circumscribed disease stage showed a pronounced disease impact on the inner but not the outer retina. These results provide evidence that GCL and IPL thickness seem to be good measures to discriminate between affected and unaffected eyes in testing for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan D. Unterlauft
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matus Rehak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael R. R. Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg/Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Franziska G. Rauscher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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den Haan J, Morrema THJ, Verbraak FD, de Boer JF, Scheltens P, Rozemuller AJ, Bergen AAB, Bouwman FH, Hoozemans JJ. Amyloid-beta and phosphorylated tau in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease retinas. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:147. [PMID: 30593285 PMCID: PMC6309096 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In-vivo labeling of retinal amyloid-beta(Aβ) and tau has potential as non-invasive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, literature on the presence of Aβ and phosphorylated tau (pTau) in AD retinas is inconclusive. We therefore assessed the presence of Aβ and pTau in post-mortem retinas in 6 AD and 6 control cases who donated brains and eyes to the Netherlands Brain Bank. Neuropathological diagnosis of AD was made according to NIA-AA criteria. Formalin fixed retinas were dissected in quadrants and cross-sections of medial and superior retinas were made. Immuno-histochemical stainings were performed for Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and pTau. To assess translation to an in-vivo set up using curcumin as labelling fluorophore, co-stainings with curcumin were performed. No typical Aβ-plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, like in the cerebral cortex, were observed in AD retinas. A diffuse immunoreactive signal for pTau was increased in the inner and outer plexiform layers of the retina in AD cases compared to control cases with absence of cerebral amyloid pathology. Immunostaining with anti-Aβ and anti-APP antibodies yielded signal in ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells and Müller cells in both control and AD cases. We observed small extracellular deposits positive for anti-Aβ antibodies 12F4 and 6E10 and negative for 4G8 and curcumin. A subset of these deposits could be characterized as corpora amylacea. In conclusion we found that retinal manifestations of AD pathology appear to be different compared to cerebral AD pathology. Using a qualitative cross-sectional approach, we did not find Aβ/APP related differences in the retina between AD and control subjects. In contrast, tau related changes were found to be present in cases with cerebral AD pathology, suggesting retinal tau as a potential biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurre den Haan
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Mailbox 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Tjado H J Morrema
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank D Verbraak
- Ophthalmology Department, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes F de Boer
- Department of Physics, Bio Laser Lab Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Mailbox 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A B Bergen
- Departments of Clinical genetics and Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke H Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Mailbox 7057, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pietrucha-Dutczak M, Amadio M, Govoni S, Lewin-Kowalik J, Smedowski A. The Role of Endogenous Neuroprotective Mechanisms in the Prevention of Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:834. [PMID: 30524222 PMCID: PMC6262299 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurons are not able to undergo spontaneous regeneration in response to damage. A variety of stressors, i.e., UV radiation, high temperature, ischemia, allergens, and others, induce reactive oxygen species production, resulting in consecutive alteration of stress-response gene expression and finally can lead to cell apoptosis. Neurons have developed their own endogenous cellular protective systems. Some of them are preventing cell death and others are allowing functional recovery after injury. The high efficiency of these mechanisms is crucial for cell survival. In this review we focus on the contribution of the most recently studied endogenous neuroprotective factors involved in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, among which, neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways, processes regulating the redox status, and different pathways regulating cell death are the most important. Additionally, we summarize currently ongoing clinical trials for therapies for RGC degeneration and optic neuropathies, including glaucoma. Knowledge of the endogenous cellular protective mechanisms may help in the development of effective therapies and potential novel therapeutic targets in order to achieve progress in the treatment of retinal and optic nerve diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Pietrucha-Dutczak
- Chair and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Chair and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Chair and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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132
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Neuroprotective effects of overexpressed microRNA-200a on activation of glaucoma-related retinal glial cells and apoptosis of ganglion cells via downregulating FGF7-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 54:179-190. [PMID: 30439502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the industrialized countries. The involvement of microRNAs (miRs) has been implicated in regulating the complex biological responses to changes in intraocular pressure. However, the therapeutic role of miR-200a on glaucoma has not been well studied yet. In this study, we confirmed the role of miR-200a in glaucoma progression and identified the related mechanism. Microarray expression profiles were used to screen the glaucoma-related genes. The relationship between miR-200a and FGF7 was validated by bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Glaucoma-related parameters including the expression of CD11b and iNOS, activation of Muller cells, and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the mouse model were measured by immunohistochemistry, MTT assay and TUNEL assay, respectively. miR-200a was reduced in glaucoma, whereas FGF7 was robustly induced. Thereby, we speculated that FGF7 was negatively regulated by miR-200a. Downregulated miR-200a could activate the MAPK signaling pathway following elevations in ERK, JNK, p38 and Bax expression and reduction in Bcl-2 expression. In the mouse model, downregulated miR-200a increased the expression of CD11b and iNOS and the apoptosis of RGCs, but stimulated the inactivation of Muller cells. However, the above-mentioned alternations induced by downregulated miR-200a were reversed after FGF7 repression. miR-200a can inhibit the FGF7-mediated MAPK signaling pathway and play a protective role on improving the glaucoma-induced optical nerve injury.
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Enlarged Optic Nerve Axons and Reduced Visual Function in Mice with Defective Microfibrils. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0260-18. [PMID: 30406200 PMCID: PMC6220594 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0260-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration that develops slowly with age. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor, although many patients develop glaucoma with IOP in the normal range. Mutations in microfibril-associated genes cause glaucoma in animal models, suggesting the hypothesis that microfibril defects contribute to glaucoma. To test this hypothesis, we investigated IOP and functional/structural correlates of RGC degeneration in mice of either sex with abnormal microfibrils due to heterozygous Tsk mutation of the fibrilin-1 gene (Fbn1Tsk/+). Although IOP was not affected, Fbn1Tsk/+ mice developed functional deficits at advanced age consistent with glaucoma, including reduced RGC responses in electroretinogram (ERG) experiments. While RGC density in the retina was not affected, the density of RGC axons in the optic nerve was significantly reduced in Fbn1Tsk/+ mice. However, reduced axon density correlated with expanded optic nerves, resulting in similar numbers of axons in Fbn1Tsk/+ and control nerves. Axons in the optic nerves of Fbn1Tsk/+ mice were significantly enlarged and axon diameter was strongly correlated with optic nerve area, as has been reported in early pathogenesis of the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Our results suggest that microfibril abnormalities can lead to phenotypes found in early-stage glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Thinning of the elastic fiber-rich pia mater was found in Fbn1Tsk/+ mice, suggesting mechanisms allowing for optic nerve expansion and a possible biomechanical contribution to determination of axon caliber.
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Khanna RC, Murthy GVS, Giridhar P, Marmamula S, Pant HB, Palamaner Subash Shantha G, Chakrabarti S, Gilbert CE, Rao GN. Glaucoma-associated long-term mortality in a rural cohort from India: the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1477-1482. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimTo evaluate glaucoma-associated mortality in a rural cohort in India.MethodsThe study cohort comprised individuals aged 40 years and above who took part in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS1) during 1996–2000. All participants underwent detailed comprehensive eye examination. Glaucoma was defined using International Society of Geographic and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology criteria. This cohort was followed up after a decade (June 2009 to January 2010; APEDS2). Mortality HR analysis for ocular risk factors was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical variables.ResultsIn APEDS1, 2790 individuals aged more than or equal to 40 years were examined. 47.4% were male. Forty-five participants had primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 66 had primary angle closure disease (PACD). Ten years later, 1879 (67.3%) were available, 739 (26.5%) had died and 172 (6.2%) had migrated; whereas 22 of the 45 (48.8%) with POAG and 22 of the 66 (33.3%) with PACD had died. In univariate analysis, a higher mortality was associated with POAG (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.94), pseudoexfoliation (HR 2.79; 95% CI 2.0 to 3.89), myopia (HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.54 to 2.06) and unit increase in cup:disc ratio (HR 4.49; 95% CI 2.64 to 7.64). In multivariable analysis, only cup:disc ratio remained independently associated with mortality (HR 2.5; 95% CI 1.3 to 5.1). The association remained significant when other ocular parameters were included in the model (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.03 to 4.2).ConclusionsThis is the first longitudinal study to assess the association of glaucoma and mortality in a rural longitudinal cohort in India. Increased cup:disc ratio could be a potential marker for ageing and would need further validation.
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Özel D, Erşan MC, Duran Özel B. Estimating Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma With Optic Nerve Tortuosity on Conventional Orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Can Assoc Radiol J 2018; 69:248-252. [PMID: 30078397 DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Özel
- Sağlık Bilimleri University, Okmeydanı Research and Education Hospital, Radiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Cemal Erşan
- Sağlık Bilimleri University, Okmeydanı Research and Education Hospital, Eye Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Duran Özel
- Sağlık Bilimleri University, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Education Hospital, Radiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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Topical Curcumin Nanocarriers are Neuroprotective in Eye Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11066. [PMID: 30038334 PMCID: PMC6056418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5dione) is a polyphenol extracted from turmeric that has long been advocated for the treatment of a variety of conditions including neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders. Despite this promise, the clinical use of curcumin has been limited by the poor solubility and low bioavailability of this molecule. In this article, we describe a novel nanocarrier formulation comprising Pluronic-F127 stabilised D-α-Tocopherol polyethene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles, which were used to successfully solubilize high concentrations (4.3 mg/mL) of curcumin. Characterisation with x-ray diffraction and in vitro release assays localise curcumin to the nanocarrier interior, with each particle measuring <20 nm diameter. Curcumin-loaded nanocarriers (CN) were found to significantly protect against cobalt chloride induced hypoxia and glutamate induced toxicity in vitro, with CN treatment significantly increasing R28 cell viability. Using established glaucoma-related in vivo models of ocular hypertension (OHT) and partial optic nerve transection (pONT), topical application of CN twice-daily for three weeks significantly reduced retinal ganglion cell loss compared to controls. Collectively, these results suggest that our novel topical CN formulation has potential as an effective neuroprotective therapy in glaucoma and other eye diseases with neuronal pathology.
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Daniel S, Clark AF, McDowell CM. Subtype-specific response of retinal ganglion cells to optic nerve crush. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:7. [PMID: 30062056 PMCID: PMC6054657 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, optic nerve degeneration and subsequent vision loss. There are about 30 different subtypes of RGCs whose response to glaucomatous injury is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of 4 RGC subtypes in a mouse model of optic nerve crush (ONC). In this study, we also evaluated the pattern of axonal degeneration in RGC subtypes after nerve injury. We found that out of the 4 subtypes, transient-Off α RGCs are the most susceptible to injury followed by On-Off direction selective RGCs (DSGC). Non-image forming RGCs are more resilient with ipRGCs exhibiting the most resistance of them all. In contrast, axons degenerate irrespective of their retinal soma after ONC injury. In conclusion, we show that RGCs have subtype specific cell death response to ONC injury and that RGC axons disintegrate in an autonomous fashion undergoing Wallerian degeneration. These discoveries can further direct us towards effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to treat optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Daniel
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas United States
| | - AF Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas United States
| | - CM McDowell
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas United States
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Nuzzi R, Dallorto L, Rolle T. Changes of Visual Pathway and Brain Connectivity in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:363. [PMID: 29896087 PMCID: PMC5986964 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The increasing interest in the involvement of the cortical visual pathway in glaucomatous patients is due to the implications in recent therapies, such as neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Objective: In this review, we outline the current understanding of brain structural, functional, and metabolic changes detected with the modern techniques of neuroimaging in glaucomatous subjects. Methods: We screened MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, LILACS, Trip Database, and NICE for original contributions published until 31 October 2017. Studies with at least six patients affected by any type of glaucoma were considered. We included studies using the following neuroimaging techniques: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), voxel- based Morphometry (VBM), surface-based Morphometry (SBM), diffusion tensor MRI (DTI). Results: Over a total of 1,901 studies, 56 case series with a total of 2,381 patients were included. Evidence of neurodegenerative process in glaucomatous patients was found both within and beyond the visual system. Structural alterations in visual cortex (mainly reduced cortex thickness and volume) have been demonstrated with SBM and VBM; these changes were not limited to primary visual cortex but also involved association visual areas. Other brain regions, associated with visual function, demonstrated a certain grade of increased or decreased gray matter volume. Functional and metabolic abnormalities resulted within primary visual cortex in all studies with fMRI and MRS. Studies with rs-fMRI found disrupted connectivity between the primary and higher visual cortex and between visual cortex and associative visual areas in the task-free state of glaucomatous patients. Conclusions: This review contributes to the better understanding of brain abnormalities in glaucoma. It may stimulate further speculation about brain plasticity at a later age and therapeutic strategies, such as the prevention of cortical degeneration in patients with glaucoma. Structural, functional, and metabolic neuroimaging methods provided evidence of changes throughout the visual pathway in glaucomatous patients. Other brain areas, not directly involved in the processing of visual information, also showed alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Nuzzi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Dallorto
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Teresa Rolle
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual loss, which has been estimated to affect 3.5% of those over 40 years old and projected to affect a total of 112 million people by 2040. Such a dramatic increase in affected patients demonstrates the need for continual improvement in the way we diagnose and treat this condition. Annexin A5 is a 36 kDa protein that is ubiquitously expressed in humans and is studied as an indicator of apoptosis in several fields. This molecule has a high calcium-dependent affinity for phosphatidylserine, a cell membrane phospholipid externalized to the outer cell membrane in early apoptosis. The DARC (Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells) project uses fluorescently-labelled annexin A5 to assess glaucomatous degeneration, the inherent process of which is the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. Furthermore, this project has conducted investigation of the retinal apoptosis in the neurodegenerative conditions of the eye and brain. In this present study, we summarized the use of annexin A5 as a marker of apoptosis in the eye. We also relayed the progress of the DARC project, developing real-time imaging of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in vivo from the experimental models of disease and identifying mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and its treatments, which has been applied to the first human clinical trials. DARC has potential as a biomarker in neurodegeneration, especially in the research of novel treatments, and could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma.
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140
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Microspheres as intraocular therapeutic tools in chronic diseases of the optic nerve and retina. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 126:127-144. [PMID: 29339146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies affecting the optic nerve and the retina are one of the major causes of blindness. These diseases include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma, among others. Also, there are genetic disorders that affect the retina causing visual impairment. The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases of the posterior segment is increased as most of them are related with the elderly. Even with the access to different treatments, there are some challenges in managing patients suffering retinal diseases. One of them is the need for frequent interventions. Also, an unpredictable response to therapy has suggested that different pathways may be playing a role in the development of these diseases. The management of these pathologies requires the development of controlled drug delivery systems able to slow the progression of the disease without the need of frequent invasive interventions, typically related with endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, ocular hypertension, cataract, inflammation, and floaters, among other. Biodegradable microspheres are able to encapsulate low molecular weight substances and large molecules such as biotechnological products. Over the last years, a large variety of active substances has been encapsulated in microspheres with the intention of providing neuroprotection of the optic nerve and the retina. The purpose of the present review is to describe the use of microspheres in chronic neurodegenerative diseases affecting the retina and the optic nerve. The advantage of microencapsulation of low molecular weight drugs as well as therapeutic peptides and proteins to be used as neuroprotective strategy is discussed. Also, a new use of the microspheres in the development of animal models of neurodegeneration of the posterior segment is described.
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141
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Sharif NA. iDrugs and iDevices Discovery Research: Preclinical Assays, Techniques, and Animal Model Studies for Ocular Hypotensives and Neuroprotectants. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2018; 34:7-39. [PMID: 29323613 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery ophthalmic research is centered around delineating the molecular and cellular basis of ocular diseases and finding and exploiting molecular and genetic pathways associated with them. From such studies it is possible to determine suitable intervention points to address the disease process and hopefully to discover therapeutics to treat them. An investigational new drug (IND) filing for a new small-molecule drug, peptide, antibody, genetic treatment, or a device with global health authorities requires a number of preclinical studies to provide necessary safety and efficacy data. Specific regulatory elements needed for such IND-enabling studies are beyond the scope of this article. However, to enhance the overall data packages for such entities and permit high-quality foundation-building publications for medical affairs, additional research and development studies are always desirable. This review aims to provide examples of some target localization/verification, ocular drug discovery processes, and mechanistic and portfolio-enhancing exploratory investigations for candidate drugs and devices for the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucomatous optic neuropathy (neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons). Examples of compound screening assays, use of various technologies and techniques, deployment of animal models, and data obtained from such studies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najam A Sharif
- 1 Global Alliances & External Research , Santen Incorporated, Emeryville, California.,2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University , Houston, Texas.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center , Fort Worth, Texas
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142
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Sánchez-López E, Egea MA, Davis BM, Guo L, Espina M, Silva AM, Calpena AC, Souto EMB, Ravindran N, Ettcheto M, Camins A, García ML, Cordeiro MF. Memantine-Loaded PEGylated Biodegradable Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Glaucoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1701808. [PMID: 29154484 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease associated with retinal ganglion cells (RGC) loss. Increasing reports of similarities in glaucoma and other neurodegenerative conditions have led to speculation that therapies for brain neurodegenerative disorders may also have potential as glaucoma therapies. Memantine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist approved for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is implicated in glaucoma and NMDA receptor antagonism is advocated as a potential strategy for RGC preservation. This study describes the development of a topical formulation of memantine-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles (MEM-NP) and investigates the efficacy of this formulation using a well-established glaucoma model. MEM-NPs <200 nm in diameter and incorporating 4 mg mL-1 of memantine were prepared with 0.35 mg mL-1 localized to the aqueous interior. In vitro assessment indicated sustained release from MEM-NPs and ex vivo ocular permeation studies demonstrated enhanced delivery. MEM-NPs were additionally found to be well tolerated in vitro (human retinoblastoma cells) and in vivo (Draize test). Finally, when applied topically in a rodent model of ocular hypertension for three weeks, MEM-NP eye drops were found to significantly (p < 0.0001) reduce RGC loss. These results suggest that topical MEM-NP is safe, well tolerated, and, most promisingly, neuroprotective in an experimental glaucoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Networking Center in Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Egea
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Benjamin Michael Davis
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Li Guo
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Amelia Maria Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental sciences (ECVA, UTAD), and Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Eliana Maria Barbosa Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC) and REQUIMTE/Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Polo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nivedita Ravindran
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Biomedical Research and Networking Center in Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Antonio Camins
- Biomedical Research and Networking Center in Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Maria Francesca Cordeiro
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research, Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK
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143
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Rapino C, Tortolani D, Scipioni L, Maccarrone M. Neuroprotection by (endo)Cannabinoids in Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:959-970. [PMID: 28738764 PMCID: PMC6120105 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170724104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging neuroprotective strategies are being explored to preserve the retina from degeneration, that occurs in eye pathologies like glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa. Incidentally, neuroprotection of retina is a defending mechanism designed to prevent or delay neuronal cell death, and to maintain neural function following an initial insult, thus avoiding loss of vision. METHODS Numerous studies have investigated potential neuroprotective properties of plant-derived phytocannabinoids, as well as of their endogenous counterparts collectively termed endocannabinoids (eCBs), in several degenerative diseases of the retina. eCBs are a group of neuromodulators that, mainly by activating G protein-coupled type-1 and type-2 cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) receptors, trigger multiple signal transduction cascades that modulate central and peripheral cell functions. A fine balance between biosynthetic and degrading enzymes that control the right concentration of eCBs has been shown to provide neuroprotection in traumatic, ischemic, inflammatory and neurotoxic damage of the brain. RESULTS Since the existence of eCBs and their binding receptors was documented in the retina of numerous species (from fishes to primates), their involvement in the visual processing has been demonstrated, more recently with a focus on retinal neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. CONCLUSION The aim of this review is to present a modern view of the endocannabinoid system, in order to discuss in a better perspective available data from preclinical studies on the use of eCBs as new neuroprotective agents, potentially useful to prevent glaucoma and retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Rapino
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; Tel: +39 0861 266842;, E-mail: and the Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; Tel: +39 06 225419169;, E-mail:
| | | | | | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; Tel: +39 0861 266842;, E-mail: and the Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; Tel: +39 06 225419169;, E-mail:
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Chitranshi N, Dheer Y, Abbasi M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Glaucoma Pathogenesis and Neurotrophins: Focus on the Molecular and Genetic Basis for Therapeutic Prospects. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1018-1035. [PMID: 29676228 PMCID: PMC6120108 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180419121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is a major feature of glaucoma pathology. Neuroprotective approaches that delay or halt the progression of RGC loss are needed to prevent vision loss which can occur even after conventional medical or surgical treatments to lower intraocular pressure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to examine the progress in genetics and cellular mechanisms associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, RGC dysfunction and cell death pathways in glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we review the involvement of neurotrophins like brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkB) in glaucoma. The role of ER stress markers in human and animal retinas in health and disease conditions is also discussed. Further, we analysed the literature highlighting genetic linkage in the context of primary open angle glaucoma and suggested mechanistic insights into potential therapeutic options relevant to glaucoma management. RESULTS The literature review of the neurobiology underlying neurotrophin pathways, ER stress and gene associations provide critical insights into association of RGCs death in glaucoma. Alteration in signalling pathway is associated with increased risk of misfolded protein aggregation in ER promoting RGC apoptosis. Several genes that are linked with neurotrophin signalling pathways have been reported to be associated with glaucoma pathology. CONCLUSION Understanding genetic heterogeneity and involvement of neurotrophin biology in glaucoma could help to understand the complex pathophysiology of glaucoma. Identification of novel molecular targets will be critical for drug development and provide neuroprotection to the RGCs and optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chitranshi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 75, Talavera Road, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Tel: +61-298502760; E-mail:
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Yuan Y, Zhu Y, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yan X, Chen W, Li M, Gong J, Mu K, Wang J, Zhang H, Chen Z. Morphological and Functional Changes of Locus Coeruleus in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Animal Models. Neuroscience 2017; 372:141-153. [PMID: 29294337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies report an association between POAG and nonvisual pathway alterations. Locus coeruleus (LC) is a major source of norepinephrine released in the brain, and norepinephrine can reduce intraocular pressure via increasing aqueous outflow. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between glaucoma and the LC in patients with POAG and animal models. Resting-state functional MRI was performed using a 3-Tesla MR scanner with an eight-channel phased-array head coil, and MRI data were analyzed. A rat model of chronic glaucoma was generated by episcleral vein ligation and cauterization. DBA/2J mice that develop glaucoma with age were also acquired. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate LC tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) expression, as well as cell apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling staining. Patients with POAG showed significantly increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the LC compared with controls. LC ALFF values showed significant correlations with cup-to-disk ratio, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and visual function (P < 0.05). Functional connectivity (FC) between the LC and frontal and insular lobes was reduced, but elevated between the LC and parahippocampal gyrus, compared with controls. Glaucoma animal models revealed reduced expression of TH and DβH in the LC, and increased cell apoptosis. In this study, we provide novel evidence for the relationship between the LC and glaucoma. The LC may act as a network in POAG pathogenesis and intraocular pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yinwei Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jieling Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ketao Mu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Huang R, Lan Q, Chen L, Zhong H, Cui L, Jiang L, Huang H, Li L, Zeng S, Li M, Zhao X, Xu F. CD200Fc Attenuates Retinal Glial Responses and RGCs Apoptosis After Optic Nerve Crush by Modulating CD200/CD200R1 Interaction. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:200-210. [PMID: 29280053 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To explore the hypothesis that CD200Fc, a CD200R1 agonist with anti-inflammatory properties, will inhibit retinal glial cells hyperactivation and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis after optic nerve injury. CD200Fc was immediately administered after optic nerve crush (ONC) once by intravitreal injection. Rats were euthanized at 5 days after ONC. The density of RGCs was counted by immunostaining of retina flat mounts for Brn3a. TUNEL assay, immunoblotting analysis of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(iba1) (microglia marker) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (astrocytes and Müller cells marker), RT-PCR analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, ELISA measure protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and western blot analysis of CD200 and CD200R1 were evaluated. CD200Fc treatment suppressed ONC-induced RGCs loss through inhibition of RGCs apoptosis. Additionally, expression of glial cells activation markers GFAP and iba1 and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, iNOS, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-8) were decreased in CD200Fc treated animals after ONC. Meanwhile, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased by CD200Fc treatment in ONC-induced rat retina. Finally, we found that CD200Fc significantly inhibited ONC-induced increased in expression of CD200 and raised the already high basal CD200R1 expression in the rat retina after ONC. Our results demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of CD200Fc in ONC rats model through inhibited the activation of retinal glial cells via the interaction between CD200 and CD200R1, and the neuroprotective effects of CD200Fc on RGCs thought inhibited its apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Retinal thickness correlates with parietal cortical atrophy in early-onset Alzheimer's disease and controls. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2017; 10:49-55. [PMID: 29201990 PMCID: PMC5699891 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The retina may reflect Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes and is easily visualized with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retinal thickness decrease has been correlated to AD, however, without information on amyloid status. We correlated retinal (layer) thickness to AD biomarkers in amyloid-positive early-onset AD (EOAD) patients and amyloid-negative controls. Methods We measured macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with OCT in 15 EOAD patients and 15 controls and correlated retinal thickness to visual rating scores for atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging. Results Total macular thickness correlated to parietal cortical atrophy in both groups (Spearman ρ -0.603, P = .001). Macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses were not significantly decreased in EOAD compared to controls. Discussion Retinal thickness does not discriminate EOAD from controls but is correlated to parietal cortical atrophy in both groups. These findings may suggest reflection of cerebral cortical changes in the retina, independent of amyloid.
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149
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Chan W, Almasieh M, Catrinescu MM, Levin LA. Cobalamin-Associated Superoxide Scavenging in Neuronal Cells Is a Potential Mechanism for Vitamin B 12-Deprivation Optic Neuropathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:160-172. [PMID: 29037851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic deficiency of vitamin B12 is the only nutritional deficiency definitively proved to cause optic neuropathy and loss of vision. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Optic neuropathies are associated with death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), neurons that project their axons along the optic nerve to the brain. Injury to RGC axons causes a burst of intracellular superoxide, which then signals RGC apoptosis. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) was recently shown to be a superoxide scavenger, with a rate constant similar to superoxide dismutase. Given that vitamin B12 deficiency causes an optic neuropathy through unknown mechanisms and that it is a potent superoxide scavenger, we tested whether cobalamin, a vitamin B12 vitamer, would be neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo. We found that cobalamin scavenged superoxide in neuronal cells in vitro treated with the reduction-oxidation cycling agent menadione. In vivo confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy demonstrated that optic nerve transection in Long-Evans rats increased superoxide levels in RGCs. The RGC superoxide burst was significantly reduced by intravitreal cobalamin and resulted in increased RGC survival. These data demonstrate that cobalamin may function as an endogenous neuroprotectant for RGCs through a superoxide-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Chan
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Almasieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria-Magdalena Catrinescu
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonard A Levin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Yuan Y, Chen Z, Li L, Li X, Xia Q, Zhang H, Duan Q, Zhao Y. High intraocular pressure produces learning and memory impairments in rats. Brain Res 2017; 1675:78-86. [PMID: 28893580 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Previous MRI studies have revealed that POAG can be associated with alterations in hippocampal function. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate a relationship between chronic high intraocular pressure (IOP) and hippocampal changes in a rat model. We used behavioural tests to assess learning and memory ability, and additionally investigated the hippocampal expression of pathological amyloid beta (Aβ), phospho-tau, and related pathway proteins. Chronic high IOP impaired learning and memory in rats and concurrently increased Aβ and phospho-tau expression in the hippocampus by altering the activation of different kinase (GSK-3β, BACE1) and phosphatase (PP2A) proteins in the hippocampus. This study provides novel evidence for the relationship between high IOP and hippocampal alterations, especially in the context of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiming Duan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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