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Novel Technology to Assess Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression by Multiplex Immunofluorescence and Image Analysis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:e22-e24. [PMID: 29189262 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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102
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Comparison of Different Antibody Clones for Immunohistochemistry Detection of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) on Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:83-93. [PMID: 28719380 PMCID: PMC5815635 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a major immune checkpoint protein that mediates antitumor immune suppression and response. Preliminary data suggest that its detection using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues may predict clinical response to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. In diagnostic pathology, it is essential to count with a validated IHC that can reliably detect PD-L1-positive cases. The present study was conducted to compare and validate different PD-L1 commercial clones and identify which ones can be reliably used by surgical pathologist to detect PD-L1 expression in human cancer tissues. Eight commercial available PD-L1 clones were tested and compared with a noncommercial PD-L1 antibody clone 5H1. Western blot and IHC using cell lines and human tissues were used to validate these clones. From all PD-L1 antibodies, only the clones E1L3N, E1J2J, SP142, 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 passed the Western blot and IHC validation, providing similar pattern than the clone 5H1 and then they were tested in 259 non–small cell lung cancer cases placed in 9 tissue microarrays. Among all cases, only those with ≥2 cores were included (185 cases). Positive and significant correlation was found between the median PD-L1 H-score in tumor and stroma compartments, for all selected antibodies. Overall, 56 of 185 cases were detected as positive cases in malignant cells expressing membranous PD-L1 by all the clones. However, the clone SP263 identified more PD-L1-positive cases compared with the other clones. Our results show that clones E1L3N, E1J2J, SP142, 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 provide positive membrane staining pattern comparable with clone 5H1. These commercial clones are comparable, but a careful evaluation by the pathologist is necessary to minimize error of positive misinterpretations.
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103
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Sullivan K, Preeshagul I, Budman D, Seetharamu N. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: an update. Future Oncol 2018; 13:955-959. [PMID: 28481150 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sullivan
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel Budman
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, USA
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104
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Concordance of PD-L1 Expression Between Core Biopsy and Resection Specimens of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Am J Surg Pathol 2018; 42:1090-1094. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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105
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Millares L, Barreiro E, Cortes R, Martinez-Romero A, Balcells C, Cascante M, Enguita AB, Alvarez C, Rami-Porta R, Sánchez de Cos J, Seijo L, Monsó E. Tumor-associated metabolic and inflammatory responses in early stage non-small cell lung cancer: Local patterns and prognostic significance. Lung Cancer 2018; 122:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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106
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Programmed cell death ligand-1 expression in tumor and immune cells is associated with better patient outcome and decreased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in uveal melanoma. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1201-1210. [PMID: 29581543 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1/ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction negatively regulates T cell activity. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, antigen-presenting cells, and lymphocytes of the tumor microenvironment is associated with response to treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, but there is still debate on the cutoff value that correlates with responders. In uveal melanoma (UM), 40% of patients will develop liver metastases and, amongst them, 90% will succumb to their disease. The aim of this study was to analyze PD-L1 expression as a prognostic marker and as a possible therapeutic target for UM. Sixty-seven enucleated eyes from UM patients with relevant clinical information were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate association of PD-L1 with survival. PD-L1 expression was positive relatively to tumor cells, immune cells, and the tumor and tumor-infiltrating immune cell group scoring in 46, 34 and 55% of the cases, respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor cells and the tumor and tumor-infiltrating immune cell group PD-L1 expression was associated with a longer metastasis-free survival (P = 0.04 and P = 0.007). However, on multivariate analysis, only the tumor and tumor-infiltrating immune cell group positivity was associated with longer metastasis-free survival (P = 0.01). Furthermore, tumor cells and the tumor and tumor-infiltrating immune cell group PD-L1 expression was associated with decreased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (P = 0.02). PD-L1, when expressed in uveal melanoma, is associated with better patient outcome and decreased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. These results support the consideration of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in uveal melanoma. To determine the best cutoff value, further studies from patients enrolled in clinical trials treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are necessary.
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Dupuis F, Lamant L, Gerard E, Torossian N, Chaltiel L, Filleron T, Beylot-Barry M, Dutriaux C, Prey S, Gros A, Jullie ML, Meyer N, Vergier B. Clinical, histological and molecular predictors of metastatic melanoma responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:193-199. [PMID: 29973670 PMCID: PMC6048096 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescribing anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy for advanced melanoma is currently not restricted by any biomarker assessment. Determination of programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1)-expression status is technically challenging and is not mandatory, because negative tumours also achieve therapeutic responses. However, reproducible biomarkers predictive of a response to anti-PD-1 therapy could contribute to improving therapeutic decision-making. METHODS This retrospective study on 70 metastatic melanoma patients was undertaken to evaluate the relationships between clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and/or molecular criteria, and the 6-month objective response rate. RESULTS Better objective response rates were associated with metachronous metastases (P = 0.04), PD-L1 tumour- and/or immune-cell status (P = 0.01), CD163+ histiocytes at advancing edges (P = 0.009) of primary melanomas and NRAS mutation (P = 0.019). Moreover, CD163+ histiocytes at advancing edges (P = 0.04) were associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS), and metachronous metastases with longer overall survival (P = 0.02) and PFS (P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Combining these reproducible biomarkers could help improve therapeutic decision-making for patients with progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantz Dupuis
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque (CHU de Bordeaux), 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Laurence Lamant
- Department of Pathology, Oncopole de Toulouse, 31100, Toulouse, France.,Université Paul-Sabatier, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Gerard
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-André (CHU de Bordeaux), 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nouritza Torossian
- Department of Dermatology, Paul-Sabatier-Toulouse III University (CHU de Toulouse), 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Leonor Chaltiel
- Department of Biostatistics, Oncopole de Toulouse, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Department of Biostatistics, Oncopole de Toulouse, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-André (CHU de Bordeaux), 33000, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1053 Team 1 (université de Bordeaux), 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Dutriaux
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-André (CHU de Bordeaux), 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sorilla Prey
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-André (CHU de Bordeaux), 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Gros
- INSERM U1053 Team 1 (université de Bordeaux), 33076, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Tumour Biology and Tumour Bank, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque (CHU de Bordeaux), 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Laure Jullie
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque (CHU de Bordeaux), 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, Paul-Sabatier-Toulouse III University (CHU de Toulouse), 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Vergier
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque (CHU de Bordeaux), 33604, Pessac, France. .,INSERM U1053 Team 1 (université de Bordeaux), 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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108
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Ottenhof SR, Djajadiningrat RS, Thygesen HH, Jakobs PJ, Jóźwiak K, Heeren AM, de Jong J, Sanders J, Horenblas S, Jordanova ES. The Prognostic Value of Immune Factors in the Tumor Microenvironment of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1253. [PMID: 29942303 PMCID: PMC6004546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The host's immune system plays a pivotal role in many tumor types, including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We aim to identify immunological prognosticators for lymph node metastases (LNM) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in penile SCC. For this retrospective observational cohort study, penile SCC patients (n = 213) treated in the Netherlands Cancer Institute, were selected if sufficient formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor material was available. Analysis included previously described high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) status, immunohistochemical scores for classical and non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, and novel data on tumor-infiltrating macrophages and cytotoxic an regulatory T-cells. Clinicopathological characteristics and extended follow-up were also included. Regression analyses investigated relationships of the immune parameters with LNM and DSS. In the total cohort, diffuse PD-L1 tumor-cell expression, CD163+ macrophage infiltration, non-classical HLA class I upregulation, and low stromal CD8+ T-cell infiltration were all associated with LNM. In the multivariable model, only tumor PD-L1 expression remained a significant predictor for LNM (odds ratio (OR) 2.8, p = 0.05). hrHPV negativity and diffuse PD-L1 tumor-cell expression were significantly associated with poor DSS and remained so upon correction for clinical parameters [hazard ratio (HR) 9.7, p < 0.01 and HR 2.8, p = 0.03]. The only immune factor with different expression in HPV+ and HPV- tumors was PD-L1, with higher PD-L1 expression in the latter (p = 0.03). In the HPV- cohort (n = 158), LNM were associated with diffuse PD-L1 tumor-cell expression, high intratumoral CD163+ macrophage infiltration, and low number of stromal CD8+ T-cells. The first two parameters were also linked to DSS. In the multivariable regression model, diffuse PD-L1 expression remained significantly unfavorable for DSS (HR 5.0, p < 0.01). These results emphasize the complexity of the tumor microenvironment in penile cancer and point toward several possible immunotherapy targets. Here described immune factors can aid risk-stratification and should be evaluated in clinical immunotherapy studies to ultimately lead to patient tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Sanne Djajadiningrat
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, HagaZiekenhuis, Hague, Netherlands
| | - Helene Hoegsbro Thygesen
- Department of Biometrics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Statistics, Department of Conservation, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Marijne Heeren
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simon Horenblas
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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109
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PD-L1 immunostaining scoring for non-small cell lung cancer based on immunosurveillance parameters. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196464. [PMID: 29874226 PMCID: PMC5991369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death globally, and new immunotherapies developed and under development targeting PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition require accurate patient selection to assure good clinical outcome. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is the current biomarker assay used for patient selection, but still imprecise in predicting therapy response. Exploring this issue, we performed computational tissue analysis of PD-L1 immunostaining in procured NSCLC tissues (n = 50) using the Merck KGaA anti-PD-L1 clone MKP1A07310. Staining patterns and PD-L1 cut-off points were interrogated using relevant cancer immune-surveillance biomarkers. Groups with high PD-L1 expression levels (above 25/50% staining cut-off points) were enriched for a biomarker profile in the tumor-nest and microenvironment indicating escape from host-immunity, as represented by increased numbers of cells positive for CD8 and Granzyme B (immune-effectors), FOXP3 (immune-suppressive), and CD68 (P < 0.05). Manual analysis of PD-L1 staining patterns identified tumors with an immune-induced reactive pattern relevant for immunotherapy that would ordinarily be excluded by the arbitrary 25% staining threshold (P < 0.05). Conversely, some cases with completely or predominantly immune-independent constitutive PD-L1 staining patterns that indicate insensitivity to immunotherapy may have been incorrectly selected using this staining cut-off point criterion. Therefore, we propose differentiation of reactive vs constitutive PD-L1 staining patterns to improve the accuracy of this biomarker assay in selecting NSCLC patients for PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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110
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Immunohistochemical expression and prognostic value of PD-L1 in Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma: a single institution experience. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:42. [PMID: 29843803 PMCID: PMC5975459 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (ESCC) are rare but aggressive tumors. Relapses are common despite treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Prospective data for treatment of ESCC are lacking; treatment of these cancers usually incorporates lung small cell carcinoma treatment recommendations. Cancer staging remains the most important prognostic factor. Cancer immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has shown efficacy in multiple tumor types, and could be an appealing treatment strategy for these rare tumors. METHODS We investigated PD-L1 expression by immunochemistry (IHC) in ESCCs diagnosed at University of Massachusetts Medical Center, from 1999 to 2016. 34 cases with sufficient material were selected for PD-L1 IHC analysis using clone E1L3N. PD-L1 expression was evaluated using the combined positive score (CPS). Retrospective chart review was performed. We evaluated the incidence and prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in ESCC at our institution. RESULTS Twelve out 34 cases (35%) had PD-L1 CPS scores ≥1. Ten cases had CPS scores ranging 1-5, whereas 2 cases had CPS scores > 80. The overall response rate to the standard chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy in the PD-L1 positive group was 80% versus 67% for the PDL-1 negative group (p-value 0.67). The median overall survival for the PD-L1 positive group, regardless of stage, was 11.5 months versus 7 months for PD-L1 negative group (p-value 0.34). Patients with limited stage disease with positive PD-L1 had a median survival of 53 months compared to 15 months for patients with PD-L1 negative limited stage (p-value 0.80). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that at least one third of our ESCC tissue samples expressed PD-L1. There was a trend for higher response rates to the standard chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy and improved survival in PD-L1 positive patients. Further studies are required to understand the implications of immune dysregulation in these aggressive tumors. PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors should be investigated in this group of patients.
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111
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The Era of Checkpoint Blockade in Lung Cancer: Taking the Brakes Off the Immune System. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:1248-1260. [PMID: 28613923 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201702-152fr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances with targeted kinase inhibitors and better-tolerated chemotherapy, the treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer remains suboptimal. One recent advance that holds great promise is immunotherapy-an approach that enhances a patient's immune system to better recognize and react to abnormal cells. The most successful immunotherapeutic strategy to date uses antibodies to block inhibitory receptors (also called "checkpoints") that are up-regulated on the T cells that infiltrate the tumor. Two examples of such molecules are programmed cell death-1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4. With more than a dozen clinical trials in non-small-cell lung cancer completed, checkpoint blockade targeting PD1 has demonstrated durable responses and superior survival compared with traditional chemotherapy agents when used as first-line therapy in individuals with more than 50% PD1 ligand (PDL1) expression by immunohistochemical staining and as second-line therapy independent of PDL1 status. Antibodies to PDL1 have shown similar activity. Combinations of anti-PD1 and anti-PDL1 with anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 and chemotherapy are being actively tested. These agents have generally tolerable safety profiles; pneumonitis, although rare, remains the most feared adverse effect. PDL1 expression on tumors has been identified as a biomarker predictive of response. Although PDL1 expression has traditionally been measured on resected tumor specimens, the pulmonologist has a growing role in obtaining samples for testing via minimally invasive means.
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112
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Okuma Y, Wakui H, Utsumi H, Sagawa Y, Hosomi Y, Kuwano K, Homma S. Soluble Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 as a Novel Biomarker for Nivolumab Therapy for Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 19:410-417.e1. [PMID: 29859759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers for predicting the effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are urgently required. Although it is known that the blood levels of soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) are elevated in various malignancies, the nature of sPD-L1 has not been thoroughly elucidated. We investigated the significance of plasma sPD-L1 levels as a biomarker for anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, nivolumab therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present prospective study included 39 NSCLC patients. The patients were treated with nivolumab at the dose of 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks, and the effects of nivolumab on NSCLC were assessed according to the change in tumor size, time to treatment failure (TTF), and overall survival (OS). The baseline plasma sPD-L1 concentration was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.761. The calculated optimal cutoff point for sPD-L1 in the plasma samples was 3.357 ng/mL. Of the 39 patients, 59% with low plasma sPD-L1 levels achieved a complete response or partial response and 25% of those with high plasma sPD-L1 levels did so. In addition, 22% of the patients with low plasma sPD-L1 levels developed progressive disease compared with 75% of those with high plasma sPD-L1 levels. The TTF and OS were significantly longer for those patients with low plasma sPD-L1 levels compared with the TTF and OS for those with high plasma sPD-L1 levels. CONCLUSION The clinical benefit from nivolumab therapy was significantly associated with the baseline plasma sPD-L1 levels. Plasma sPD-L1 levels might represent a novel biomarker for the prediction of the efficacy of nivolumab therapy against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okuma
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Utsumi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sagawa
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Hosomi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadamu Homma
- Division of Oncology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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In papillary thyroid carcinoma, expression by immunohistochemistry of BRAF V600E, PD-L1, and PD-1 is closely related. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:779-787. [PMID: 29651624 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies targeting PD-L1/PD-1 have been shown to be effective in treating several types of human cancer. In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), little is known about the expression of PD-L1/PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment or its potential correlation with BRAF V600E mutation status. In this study, we examined the expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and BRAF V600E in PTC by immunohistochemistry and investigated the clinical significance of expression status. We studied the expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and BRAF V600E by immunohistochemical staining in 110 cases of PTC with a diameter > 1 cm. Cases with a background of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) were excluded, as differentiating lymphocytes in the context of CLT from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is difficult. We classified PD-L1+/PD-1+ expression as type 1 (41%), PD-L1-/PD-1- as type 2 (17%), PD-L1+/PD-1- as type 3 (5%), and PD-L1-/PD-1+ as type 4 (37%). Significant correlations were found between expression of BRAF V600E and that of PD-L1 and PD-1. The positive correlation observed between expression of BRAF V600E and PD-L1/PD-1 suggests that immunotherapies targeting PD-L1/PD-1 might be effective for PTC patients with the BRAF V600E mutation, which are refractory to radioiodine therapy.
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114
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Composition of the immune microenvironment differs between carcinomas metastatic to the lungs and primary lung carcinomas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 33:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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115
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Kim J, Kim S, Lee HS, Yang W, Cho H, Chay DB, Cho SJ, Hong S, Kim JH. Prognostic implication of programmed cell death 1 protein and its ligand expressions in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 149:381-387. [PMID: 29572029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) demonstrated promising clinical response. The predictive/prognostic value of PD-1/PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been evaluated in many cancer types. However, the prognostic value of PD-1/PD-L1 IHC has not been evaluated in endometrial cancer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study to quantify the IHC CD8, PD-1, and PD-L1 expressions in immune cells at center of tumor (CT), invasive margin (IM), and/or tumor cell in 183 primary endometrial cancer samples from a single cohort, followed by their reciprocal combinations, including compartmental differences, and correlated them with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS In repeated Cox multivariable models adjusted by clinicoimmunopathologic factors, high CT-PD-L1 was an independent adverse prognostic factor for PFS in all patients and in the microsatellite-stable subgroup. Immune marker ratios revealed independently shorter PFS for high CT-PD-L1/CT-CD8 and CT-PD-L1/CT-PD-1 ratios. Classification of endometrial cancer into four groups based on CT-CD8 and CT-PD-L1 revealed significantly different survival among groups. CONCLUSIONS The high PD-L1/CD8 ratio and the high expression of PD-L1 on immune cells were independent poor prognostic factors for PFS in endometrial cancer, providing insights into the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisup Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyeom Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Byung Chay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, 150 Seongan-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonwon Hong
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The identification of certain genomic alterations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF) or immunological markers (PD-L1) in tissues or cells has led to targeted treatment for patients presenting with late stage or metastatic lung cancer. These biomarkers can be detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or by molecular biology (MB) techniques. These approaches are often complementary but depending on, the quantity and quality of the biological material, the urgency to get the results, the access to technological platforms, the financial resources and the expertise of the team, the choice of the approach can be questioned. The possibility of detecting simultaneously several molecular targets, and of analyzing the degree of tumor mutation burden and of the micro-satellite instability, as well as the recent requirement to quantify the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, has led to case by case development of algorithms and international recommendations, which depend on the quality and quantity of biological samples. This review will highlight the different predictive biomarkers detected by IHC for treatment of lung cancer as well as the present advantages and limitations of this approach. A number of perspectives will be considered.
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Independent prognostic role of PD-L1expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8315-8329. [PMID: 28039448 PMCID: PMC5352403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that PD-L1 expression is associated with clinicopathological features in various human malignancies. We searched for correlations between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological data in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. PD-L1 expression in primary tumors from 278 patients was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in ESCC tissue microarray. Survival curves were constructed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to identify associations with outcome variables. Overall, tumoral PD-L1 expression (≥10%, 20% or 30% as cut-off value) was associated with favorable DFS and OS upon multivariate analysis. When the patients stratified into stage I-II (168, 60.4%) and stage III-IV (110, 39.6%), or with lymph node metastasis (133, 47.8%), the prognostic role was not consistent. In patients with stage I-II disease, tumoral PD-L1 expression (≥5%, 10%, 20% or 30%) was associated with better DFS and OS upon multivariate analysis. In patients without lymph node metastasis, tumoral PD-L1 expression (≥1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, or 30%) was associated with improved DFS and OS in univariate or multivariate analysis. However, PD-L1 expression was not correlated with prognosis in patients with stage III-IV disease or with lymph node metastasis. Our results for the first time showed the prognostic role of tumoral PD-L1 expression was variable in different stages and lymph node status of ESCC. Tumoral PD-L1 expression was independent favorable predictor in ESCC patients with Stage I-II disease or without lymph node metastasis, not in stage III-IV or lymph node metastasis.
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Monneur A, Gonçalves A, Bertucci F. [PD-L1 expression and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in breast cancer]. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:263-274. [PMID: 29455872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoints inhibitors represents one of the major recent advances in oncology. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) provides durable disease control, particularly in melanoma, lung, kidney, bladder and head and neck cancers. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current data on the expression of PD-L1 in breast cancer and on the preliminary clinical results of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in breast cancer patients. In breast cancer, PD-L1 expression is heterogeneous and is generally associated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as well as the presence of poor-prognosis factors, such as young age, high grade, ER-negativity, PR-negativity, and HER-2 overexpression, high proliferative index, and aggressive molecular subtypes (triple negative, basal-like, HER-2-overexpressing). Its prognostic value remains controversial when assessed with immunohistochemistry, whereas it seems favorable in triple-negative cancers when assessed at the mRNA level. Early clinical trials with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in breast cancer have shown efficacy in terms of tumor response and/or disease control in refractory metastatic breast cancers, notably in the triple-negative subtype. Many trials are currently underway, both in the metastatic and neo-adjuvant setting. A crucial issue is identification of biomarkers predictive of response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Monneur
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, département d'oncologie médicale, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, département d'oncologie médicale, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068-CNRS U7258, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, département d'oncologie médicale, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm U1068-CNRS U7258, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, 13009 Marseille, France
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Birnbaum DJ, Finetti P, Lopresti A, Gilabert M, Poizat F, Turrini O, Raoul JL, Delpero JR, Moutardier V, Birnbaum D, Mamessier E, Bertucci F. Prognostic value of PDL1 expression in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71198-71210. [PMID: 27589570 PMCID: PMC5342072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human cancers. PD1/PDL1-inhibitors recently showed promising results in different cancers with correlation between PDL1 tumor expression and responses. Expression of programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PDL1) has been scarcely studied in pancreatic cancer. In this retrospective study, we analyzed PDL1 mRNA expression in 453 clinical pancreatic cancer samples profiled using DNA microarrays and RNASeq. Compared to normal pancreatic samples, PDL1 expression was upregulated in 19% of cancer samples. Upregulation was not associated with clinicopathological features such as patients' age and sex, pathological type, tumor size, lymph node status, and grade, but was associated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival in multivariate analyses. Analysis of correlations with biological parameters showed that PDL1 upregulation was associated with some degree of lymphocyte infiltration and signs of anti-tumor T-cell response, but to a lesser extent than what has been reported in breast cancer and GIST. PDL1-up pancreatic cancers displayed profiles of lymphocyte exhaustion, were more enriched in inhibitory molecules and pro-tumor populations (Tregs with upregulation of FOXP3 and IL10, myeloid-derived suppressor cells with upregulation of CD33 and S100A8/A9), and demonstrated a down-modulation of most MHC class I members (HLA-A/B/C, HLA-E/F/G) suggestive of a defect in antigen processing and presentation. In conclusion, our results suggest that PDL1 expression might refine the prediction of metastatic relapse in operated pancreatic cancer, and that PD1/PDL1 inhibitors might reactivate inhibited T-cells to increase the anti-tumor immune response in PDL1-upregulated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Birnbaum
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Département de Chirurgie Générale et Viscérale, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Alexia Lopresti
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Gilabert
- Equipe de Médecine Translationelle Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Flora Poizat
- Equipe de Médecine Translationelle Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Département d'Anatomopathologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Turrini
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Equipe de Médecine Translationelle Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Département d'Oncologie Chirurgicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Raoul
- Equipe de Médecine Translationelle Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Robert Delpero
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Equipe de Médecine Translationelle Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Département d'Oncologie Chirurgicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Moutardier
- Département de Chirurgie Générale et Viscérale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Equipe de Médecine Translationelle Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Equipe de Médecine Translationelle Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Steuer CE, Griffith CC, Nannapaneni S, Patel MR, Liu Y, Magliocca KR, El-Deiry MW, Cohen C, Owonikoko TK, Shin DM, Chen ZG, Saba NF. A Correlative Analysis of PD-L1, PD-1, PD-L2, EGFR, HER2, and HER3 Expression in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:710-716. [PMID: 29440293 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored potential associations of the PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway with clinical characteristics, outcome, and expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) using an institutional database. Protein expression was assessed by IHC on tissue microarray sections (EGFR, HER2, HER3) or whole tissue sections (PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2). Expression of EGFR, HER2, HER3, PD-L1, and PD-L2 was quantified on tumor cells. Maximum density of PD-1 positive lymphocytes was measured on a scale of 0 to 4 within the tumor mass and peritumoral stroma. Associations between biomarkers and patient outcomes were tested using descriptive and inferential statistics, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards models. We analyzed tissue samples from 97 OPSCC cases: median age 59 years, p16+ (71%), male (83.5%), never smokers (18%), stage 3 to 4 disease (77%). Twenty-five percent of cases were PD-L1 positive. The proportion of PD-L1+ tumors was higher in p16+ (29%) than p16- OPSCC (11%, P = 0.047). There was no correlation between PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1, EGFR, HER2, or HER3 expression. Positive PD-L1 status correlated with advanced nodal disease on multivariate analysis (OR 5.53; 95% CI, 1.06-28.77; P = 0.042). Negative PD-L2 expression was associated with worse survival (HR 3.99; 95% CI, 1.37-11.58; P = 0.011) in p16- OPSCC. Lower density of PD-1 positive lymphocytes in peritumoral stroma was associated with significantly increased risk of death on multivariate analysis (HR 3.17; 95% CI, 1.03-9.78; P = 0.045) after controlling for prognostic factors such as stage and p16 status. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells correlates with p16 status and advanced nodal status in OPSCC. PD-1 positive lymphocytes in peritumoral stroma serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 710-6. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor E Steuer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher C Griffith
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sreenivas Nannapaneni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mihir R Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark W El-Deiry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cynthia Cohen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Udall M, Rizzo M, Kenny J, Doherty J, Dahm S, Robbins P, Faulkner E. PD-L1 diagnostic tests: a systematic literature review of scoring algorithms and test-validation metrics. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:12. [PMID: 29426340 PMCID: PMC5807740 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) protein is a cell-surface receptor on certain lymphocytes that, with its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), helps to down-regulate immune responses. Many cancer types express PD-L1 and evade immune recognition via the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Precision therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have the potential to improve response and thereby offer a novel treatment avenue to some patients with cancer. However, this new therapeutic approach requires reliable methods for identifying patients whose cancers are particularly likely to respond. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review assessing evidence on test validation and scoring algorithms for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests that might be used to select potentially responsive patients with bladder/urothelial cell, lung, gastric, or ovarian cancers for immunotherapy treatment. Methods and results To identify evidence on commercially available PD-L1 IHC assays, we systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for relevant studies published between January 2010 and September 2016 and appraised abstracts from recent oncology conferences (January 2013 to November 2016). Publications that met the predefined inclusion criteria were extracted and key trends summarized. In total, 26 eligible primary studies were identified, all of which reported on the test validation metrics associated with PD-L1 IHC tests in lung cancer, most using immunohistochemistry testing. There was significant heterogeneity among the available tests for PD-L1. Specifically, no definitive cutoff for PD-L1 positivity was identifiable, with more than one threshold being reported for most antibodies. Studies also differed as to whether they evaluated tumor cells only or tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. However, all of the tests developed and validated to support a therapeutic drug in the context of phase 2–3 clinical trials reported more than 90% inter-reader concordance. In contrast, other PD-L1 antibodies identified in the literature reported poorer concordance. Conclusions Published validation metric data for PD-L1 tests are mainly focused on immunohistochemistry tests from studies in lung cancer. The variability in test cutoffs and standards for PD-L1 testing suggests that there is presently no standardized approach. This current variability may have implications for the uptake of precision treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Rizzo
- Evidera, Metro Building, 6th Floor, 1 Butterwick, London, W6 8DL, UK
| | - Juliet Kenny
- Evidera, Metro Building, 6th Floor, 1 Butterwick, London, W6 8DL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Eric Faulkner
- Evidera, Metro Building, 6th Floor, 1 Butterwick, London, W6 8DL, UK
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Benzaquen J, Marquette CH, Glaichenhaus N, Leroy S, Hofman P, Ilié M. [The biological rationale for immunotherapy in cancer]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:206-222. [PMID: 29428191 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy aims to promote the immune system's activity against malignant cells by stimulating the response to several tumor antigens. STATE OF THE ART Immunosurveillance may adjust the immunogenicity of tumors. To be effective, immunity must induce the specific activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as activation of innate immunity. Activator and inhibitory costimulatory molecules regulate T lymphocyte activation at immunity checkpoints such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Adaptive immune resistance confers tumour resistance to immunosurveillance through these immune checkpoints. PERSPECTIVES Approaches involving the combination of several immunotherapies with each other or with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and antibodies against other molecules of costimulation are under development. The development of biomarkers, which can select a targeted population and predict therapeutic response, represents a major challenge. Tumour high-throughput sequencing could refine "immunoscore". Intratumoral T cell receptor seems to represent a promising biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Numerous challenges still remain in developing research approaches for the development of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benzaquen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, CHU de Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06100 Nice, France
| | - C-H Marquette
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, CHU de Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - N Glaichenhaus
- Université Côte-d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, institut de pharmacologie moleculaire et cellulaire, FHU-OncoAge, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Leroy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, CHU de Nice, FHU OncoAge, 06100 Nice, France
| | - P Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), IRCAN, FHU OncoAge, 06100 Nice, France
| | - M Ilié
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), IRCAN, FHU OncoAge, 06100 Nice, France
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Serra P, Petat A, Maury JM, Thivolet-Bejui F, Chalabreysse L, Barritault M, Ebran N, Milano G, Girard N, Brevet M. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is associated with RAS/TP53 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2018; 118:62-68. [PMID: 29572005 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The systematic assessment of anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lung adenocarcinomas is becoming standard practice. However, the assessment of PD-L1 expression on small tissue specimens needs to be evaluated and the association with other features more thoroughly analyzed. METHODS This retrospective single center study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of the SP263 anti-PD-L1 antibody on tissue microarrays (TMA) of 152 surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas, using a 25% positivity threshold. The positive cases and 50 randomly chosen negative cases in tissue microarray (TMA) were reassessed on whole tissue sections. The results were correlated to clinical, histopathological and to molecular data obtained through the screening of 214 mutations in 26 genes (LungCarta panel, Agena Biosciences). RESULTS Among 152 primary lung adenocarcinomas, 19 cases (13%) showed PD-L1 expression. The agreement between TMA and whole tissue sections was 89%, specificity was 97%. PD-L1 expression was correlated to RAS mutations (p = .04), RAS/TP53 co-mutations (p = .01) and to the solid or acinar subtype (p = .048). CONCLUSIONS With the SP263 PD-L1 antibody, small samples appear as a reliable means to evaluate the PD-L1 status in lung adenocarcinoma. The association between PD-L1 expression and RAS/TP53 mutations may have clinical relevance to predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Serra
- Service de pathologie et de neuropathologie est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Arthur Petat
- Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France; Service de pneumologie, Groupement hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Maury
- Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France; Service de chirurgie thoracique, Groupement hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Thivolet-Bejui
- Service de pathologie et de neuropathologie est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Lara Chalabreysse
- Service de pathologie et de neuropathologie est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Barritault
- Service de pathologie et de neuropathologie est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Ebran
- Laboratoire d'Oncopharmacologie, EA3836, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Gérard Milano
- Laboratoire d'Oncopharmacologie, EA3836, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France; Service de pneumologie, Groupement hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Brevet
- Service de pathologie et de neuropathologie est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
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Pang C, Yin L, Zhou X, Lei C, Tong R, Huang M, Gong Y, Ding Z, Xue J, Zhu J, Wang Y, Ren L, Zhou L, Wang J, Peng F, Zhou Q, Lu Y. Assessment of programmed cell death ligand-1 expression with multiple immunohistochemistry antibody clones in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:816-824. [PMID: 29607153 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been identified as novel targets for immunotherapy, with PD-L1 as a potential predictive biomarker. However, a specific antibody for PD-L1 expression is an immediate requirement. Meanwhile, the clinicopathological identification of patients with positive PD-L1 remains unclear. Methods The present study adopted three anti-PD-L1 IHC antibodies, SP142, SP263, and UMAB228 to test PD-L1 expression in 84 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens. The concordance among antibodies was examined by analytical comparison, and the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological factors was assessed. Results The samples from 41 (48.8%), 51 (60.7%), and 50 (59.5%) patients were detected as PD-L1 positive evaluated by antibody SP142, SP263, and UMAB228, respectively. The kappa coefficient was 0.53, 0.58, and 0.46 for SP263 vs. SP142, SP263 vs. UMAB228, and SP142 vs. UMAB228, respectively. On the other hand, the univariate analysis of consensus cases indicated that the PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated with tobacco use (χ2=4.25, P=0.04). Conclusions The analytical comparison showed moderate concordance between SP142, SP263 and UMAB228, whereas SP263 exhibited higher overall positive rate. Moreover, PD-L1 positive rate was significantly higher in patients with smoking history, which might help in identifying patients who would benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Limei Yin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Chuanfen Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Ruizhan Tong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Youling Gong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610021, China
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Annibali O, Crescenzi A, Tomarchio V, Pagano A, Bianchi A, Grifoni A, Avvisati G. PD-1 /PD-L1 checkpoint in hematological malignancies. Leuk Res 2018; 67:45-55. [PMID: 29428449 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), is a cell surface receptor with an important role in down-regulating the immune system and promoting self-tolerance by suppressing T cell inflammatory activity. PD-1/PDL1 axis represents a checkpoint to control immune responses and it is often used as a mechanism of immune escaping by cancers and infectious diseases. Many data demonstrate its important role in solid tumors and report emerging evidences in lymphoproliferative disorders. In this review, we summarized the available data on the role of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in lymphoproliferative diseases and the therapeutics use of monoclonal blocking antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Annibali
- Unit of Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Crescenzi
- Unit of Pathology, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - V Tomarchio
- Unit of Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pagano
- Unit of Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Rome, Italy
| | - A Bianchi
- Unit of Pathology, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - A Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, USA
| | - G Avvisati
- Unit of Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Rome, Italy
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Zhu J, Armstrong AJ, Friedlander TW, Kim W, Pal SK, George DJ, Zhang T. Biomarkers of immunotherapy in urothelial and renal cell carcinoma: PD-L1, tumor mutational burden, and beyond. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:4. [PMID: 29368638 PMCID: PMC5784676 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1 pathway have greatly changed clinical management of metastatic urothelial carcinoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, response rates are low, and biomarkers are needed to predict for treatment response. Immunohistochemical quantification of PD-L1 was developed as a promising biomarker in early clinical trials, but many shortcomings of the four different assays (different antibodies, disparate cellular populations, and different thresholds of positivity) have limited its clinical utility. Further limitations include the use of archival specimens to measure this dynamic biomarker. Indeed, until PD-L1 testing is standardized and can consistently predict treatment outcome, the currently available PD-L1 assays are not clinically useful in urothelial and renal cell carcinoma. Other more promising biomarkers include tumor mutational burden, profiles of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, molecular subtypes, and PD-L2. Potentially, a composite biomarker may be best but will need prospective testing to validate such a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Zhu
- Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Won Kim
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tian Zhang
- Duke Cancer Institute, DUMC 103861, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Plant AS, Koyama S, Sinai C, Solomon IH, Griffin GK, Ligon KL, Bandopadhayay P, Betensky R, Emerson R, Dranoff G, Kieran MW, Ritz J. Immunophenotyping of pediatric brain tumors: correlating immune infiltrate with histology, mutational load, and survival and assessing clonal T cell response. J Neurooncol 2018; 137:269-278. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Shirakawa T, Kitagawa K. Antitumor effect of oral cancer vaccine with Bifidobacterium delivering WT1 protein to gut immune system is superior to WT1 peptide vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:159-162. [PMID: 29048978 PMCID: PMC5791589 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1382787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the revolutionary progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) for cancer immunotherapy, CPIs are effective only in a subset of patients. Combining CPIs and cancer vaccines to achieve better clinical outcomes is a reasonable approach since CPI enhances cancer vaccine-induced tumor-associated antigen (TAA) specific CTL. Among the various TAAs so far identified, WT1 protein is one of the most promising TAAs as a cancer vaccine target. Until now clinical trials of WT1 vaccine have demonstrated only modest clinical efficacy. These WT1 vaccines were based on peptides or dendritic cells (DCs), and there was no oral cancer vaccine. Recently, we developed a WT1 oral cancer vaccine using a recombinant Bifidobacterium displaying WT1 protein, which can efficiently deliver WT1 protein to the gut immune system, and we demonstrated that this oral cancer vaccine had a significant anti-tumor effect in a C1498-WT1 murine leukemia syngeneic tumor model. The WT1 protein displayed in this vaccine consists of about 70% of the WT1 amino acid sequence including multiple known CD4 and CD8 T-cell epitopes of WT1. In this commentary, we introduce our recent data indicating the superior anti-tumor effect of a WT1 oral cancer vaccine delivering WT1 protein to the gut immune system compared to a peptide vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Shirakawa
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Translational Research for Biologics, Department of Internal Medicine Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichi Kitagawa
- Division of Translational Research for Biologics, Department of Internal Medicine Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Homma S, Hayashi K, Yoshida K, Sagawa Y, Kamata Y, Ito M. Nafamostat mesilate, a serine protease inhibitor, suppresses interferon-gamma-induced up-regulation of programmed cell death ligand 1 in human cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 54:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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PD-L1 Expression in TNBC: A Predictive Biomarker of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1750925. [PMID: 29387716 PMCID: PMC5745649 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1750925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an aggressive clinical behaviour, with a poorer prognosis compared to other subtypes. Recently, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been proposed as a predictive biomarker for a better clinical outcome and pathological response (pR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in TNBC. These data confirm the role of the immune system in the neoplastic progression and in the response to therapy. We performed a retrospective analysis of 54 pre-NACT biopsies of TNBC and compared both the percentage of stromal TILs and the degree of PD-L1 expression with the extent of pR to standard NACT. A pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in 35% of cases. Univariate analysis showed (i) a significant association between PD-L1 expression in ≥25% of neoplastic cells and the achievement of a pCR (p = 0.024); (ii) a significantly higher frequency of pCR in cases showing ≥50% stromal TILs (p < 0.001). However in the multivariate analysis only PD-L1 expression on tumor cells remained significantly associated with pCR (OR = 1,13; 95% CI 1,01–1,27), suggesting that the expression of this biomarker could be associated with a subpopulation of TNBC more likely to respond to chemotherapy. These data need to be confirmed by larger studies.
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Fujimoto D, Sato Y, Uehara K, Ishida K, Fukuoka J, Morimoto T, Kawachi H, Mori R, Ito M, Teraoka S, Nagata K, Nakagawa A, Otsuka K, Imai Y, Tomii K. Predictive Performance of Four Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Assay Systems on Nivolumab Response in Previously Treated Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 13:377-386. [PMID: 29233789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nivolumab has demonstrated efficacy against metastatic NSCLC. Four programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay systems are available for identification of responders among patients with NSCLC, and these assays show some differing characteristics. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the ability of these assays to identify responders to nivolumab therapy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC, who received nivolumab between January 2016 and September 2016. Specimens were stained using four PD-L1 IHC assays (28-8, 22C3, SP142, and SP263). We classified patients as having test results that were strongly positive (tumor proportion score [TPS] ≥50%), weakly positive (TPS 1%-49%), or negative (TPS <1%). RESULTS A total of 40 patients with NSCLC and their specimens were analyzed. Analytical comparisons demonstrated good concordance of PD-L1-stained tumor cells among the 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 assays (weighted κ coefficient 0.64-0.71), whereas the SP142 assay showed lower concordance with other assays (weighted κ coefficient 0.39-0.55). Progression-free survival in patients showing strongly positive PD-L1 staining classified by 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 assays was significantly longer than that in patients with a negative result for PD-L1 staining. Predictive performance of response to nivolumab, as assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis, was also equivalent among the 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 assays (area under the curve 0.75-0.82), whereas the SP142 assay exhibited lower predictive performance (area under the curve 0.68). CONCLUSIONS The 28-8, 22C3, and SP263 PD-L1 IHC assays showed equivalent predictive performance, whereas the SP142 assay showed lower predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Uehara
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishida
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Clinical Research Center, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryobu Mori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Munehiro Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Teraoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuma Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kojiro Otsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Imai
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Ilie M, Hofman P. Reproducibility of PD-L1 assessment in non-small cell lung cancer-know your limits but never stop trying to exceed them. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:S51-S54. [PMID: 29299411 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ilie
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Inserm U1081 and UMR CNRS 7284, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hospital-Related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IRCAN), Inserm U1081 and UMR CNRS 7284, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hospital-Related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
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133
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von Rundstedt FC, Necchi A. Current markers and their value in the era of immuno-oncology. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:1111-1116. [PMID: 29354497 PMCID: PMC5760370 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy in urothelial cancer is a quickly evolving field as new agents are being investigated in multiple clinical trials and various clinical settings. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into the mechanism of these treatments, potential targets to evaluate treatment response and to give an update on the current status of clinical trials. Urothelial cancer is a polyclonal disease with a substantial tumor heterogeneity and a high mutational load which may be beneficial as this may trigger a stronger T-cell mediated immune response. PD-1 expression has been shown to correlate with stage, grade, progression and poorer survival but it appears challenging to be utilized as a predictor for treatment response in urothelial cancer. Another important concept is immune cell (IC) infiltration, which is a reflection of the activated immune response within the target tissue. Marker genes may represent signaling pathways involved in T-cell recognition and lysis of T-cells. The complexity of the tumor and host interaction requires multiple concepts to be integrated into a future model to assess treatment response. We have evaluated multiple biomarker approaches currently investigated in clinical trials in urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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134
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Ilie M, Butori C, Lassalle S, Heeke S, Piton N, Sabourin JC, Tanga V, Washetine K, Long-Mira E, Maitre P, Yazbeck N, Bordone O, Lespinet V, Leroy S, Cohen C, Mouroux J, Marquette CH, Hofman V, Hofman P. Optimization of EGFR mutation detection by the fully-automated qPCR-based Idylla system on tumor tissue from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103055-103062. [PMID: 29262544 PMCID: PMC5732710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with EGFR inhibitors is limited to patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who have known EGFR mutations. Currently, patient care has to respond to several imperatives to make these inhibitors broadly available to all patients; fast and accurate detection of EGFR mutations by a sensitive and specific standardized cost-effective method, easy-to-implement in settings with limited expertise in molecular diagnostics. We evaluated the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Assay (Biocartis) for the detection of EGFR mutations in archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from a series of 55 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and compared these results with those obtained by a pyrosequencing ISO-15189 accredited laboratory method. The comparison was made on both whole surgical tumor sections and on three artificially constructed small biopsies (∼1 mm) from the same FFPE blocks. Cost-effectiveness and turnaround time comparison between the two methods was performed. On both whole tissue sections and on biopsy cores, the Idylla™ and pyrosequencing had an agreement of 95% (52/55). The Idylla™ EGFR Assay produced results faster and more cost-effective than pyrosequencing. The Idylla™ system showed a good sensitivity and was cost-saving in our setting. Because of the easy workflow, the Idylla™ system has the potential to expand EGFR testing to more pathology laboratories in a reliable and fast manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ilie
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Catherine Butori
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Sandra Lassalle
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Simon Heeke
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Piton
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Virginie Tanga
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Kevin Washetine
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Elodie Long-Mira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Priscilla Maitre
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Yazbeck
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Bordone
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Virginie Lespinet
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Sylvie Leroy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Charlotte Cohen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jérôme Mouroux
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Charles Hugo Marquette
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- IRCAN Inserm U1081/CNRS 7284, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Hospital-related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, University Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
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Comparison of Four PD-L1 Immunohistochemical Assays in Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 13:367-376. [PMID: 29175115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four different programmed death ligand 1 immunohistochemical assays are approved or in development as companion or complementary diagnostics to different immunotherapeutic agents in lung carcinoma. We sought to determine whether these assays are technically equivalent and whether one antibody can be used on an alternate staining platform. METHODS Serial sections of tissue microarrays constructed from 368 cases of resected lung cancer were stained for 22C3 and 28-8 on the Dako Link 48 platform (Dako, Carpinteria, Ca) and for SP142 and SP263 on the Ventana Benchmark Ultra platform (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ) strictly as per product insert. A protocol was developed to use the 22C3 antibody on the Ventana Benchmark Ultra platform. RESULTS Differences in mean tumor cell and immune cell staining were observed between the four assays (p < 0.001). Differences between 22C3 and 28-8 were not statistically significant. Concordance of tumor cell scores was good (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.674), particularly when SP142 was excluded as an outlier (ICC = 0.755). The highest concordance was seen between 22C3 and 28-8 (ICC = 0.812). Concordance was poor for immune cell staining (ICC = 0.212). When dichotomized according to clinically relevant cutoffs, pairwise comparisons showed poor to moderate concordance (κ = 0.196-0.578), with positive percent agreement ranging from 15.1% to 90.0%. The 22C3 antibody performed comparably on the Dako Link 48 platform and the alternate Ventana Benchmark Ultra platform (ICC = 0.921, κ = 0.897). CONCLUSIONS Concordance between the four programmed death ligand 1 immunohistochemical assays when performed and scored as intended show that apart from 28-8 and 22C3, they cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice. A protocol was successfully developed to use 22C3 on an alternate platform, which may help to overcome some barriers to implementation.
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Liquid Biopsy and Therapeutic Targets: Present and Future Issues in Thoracic Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110154. [PMID: 29125548 PMCID: PMC5704172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The practice of liquid biopsy (LB) has revolutionized the care of patients with metastatic lung cancer. Many oncologists now use this approach in daily practice, applying precise procedures for the detection of activating or resistance mutations in EGFR. These tests are performed with plasma DNA and have been approved as companion diagnostic test for patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. ALK is another important target in lung cancer since it leads to treatment of patients who are positive for a rearrangement in ALK identified with tumor tissue. By analogy with EGFR, LB for detection of genomic alterations in ALK (rearrangements or mutations) has been rapidly adopted in the clinic. However, this promising approach has some limitations and has not yet been disseminated as much as the blood test targeting EGFR. In addition to these two therapeutic targets LB can be used for evaluation of the genomic status of other genes of interest of patients with lung cancer (ROS1, RET, NTRK MET, BRAF, HER2, etc.). LB can be performed to evaluate a specific target or for a more or less complex panel of genes. Considering the number of potential targets for clinical trials, techniques of next-generation sequencing of circulating DNA are on the rise. This review will provide an update on the contribution of LB to care of patients with metastatic lung cancer, including the present limits of this approach, and will consider certain perspectives.
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Hofman P. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry for non-small cell lung carcinoma: which strategy should be adopted? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:1097-1108. [PMID: 29069958 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1398083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PD-L1 detection with immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the only predictive biomarker available to date for PD-L1/PD1 immunotherapy in thoracic oncology. While many studies have been published on this biomarker, they raise a number of questions concerning mainly, (i) the type of antibody for use and its condition of utilization, (ii) the threshold to be used, (iii) the message and information to communicate to the thoracic oncologist and, (iv) the adoption of this methodology as part of the daily practices of a pathology laboratory. Areas covered: This review provides an update on the use of the different PD-L1 antibodies for IHC in the context of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discusses their use as companion or complementary diagnostic tests. The limits of PD-L1 IHC as a predictive test, the precautions to be adopted as well as some perspectives will then be considered. Expert commentary: IHC for PD-L1 can be considered as a theranostic test, which implies providing an extremely reliable result that avoids any false positive and negative results. PD-L1 IHC requires considerable expertise and specific training of pathologists. PD-L1 IHC can be a companion or complementary diagnostic test depending on the clone employed, the molecular therapy prescribed and the indication of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hofman
- a Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale, Hôpital Pasteur , Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis , Nice cedex 01 , France.,b Biobanque Hospitalière (BB-0033-00025) , Hôpital Pasteur , Nice , France.,c FHU OncoAge , Hôpital Pasteur, Université Nice Côte d'Azur , Nice , France
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Qaiser T, Mukherjee A, Reddy PB C, Munugoti SD, Tallam V, Pitkäaho T, Lehtimäki T, Naughton T, Berseth M, Pedraza A, Mukundan R, Smith M, Bhalerao A, Rodner E, Simon M, Denzler J, Huang CH, Bueno G, Snead D, Ellis IO, Ilyas M, Rajpoot N. HER2 challenge contest: a detailed assessment of automated HER2 scoring algorithms in whole slide images of breast cancer tissues. Histopathology 2017; 72:227-238. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talha Qaiser
- Department of Computer Science; University of Warwick; Coventry UK
| | - Abhik Mukherjee
- Department of Histopathology; Division of Cancer and Stem Cells; School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Chaitanya Reddy PB
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
| | - Sai D Munugoti
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
| | - Vamsi Tallam
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati India
| | - Tomi Pitkäaho
- Department of Computer Science; Maynooth University; Maynooth Ireland
| | - Taina Lehtimäki
- Department of Computer Science; Maynooth University; Maynooth Ireland
| | - Thomas Naughton
- Department of Computer Science; Maynooth University; Maynooth Ireland
| | | | - Aníbal Pedraza
- VISILAB, E.T.S.I.I; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ramakrishnan Mukundan
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering; University of Canterbury; Canterbury New Zealand
| | - Matthew Smith
- Department of Statistics; University of Warwick; Coventry UK
| | - Abhir Bhalerao
- Department of Computer Science; University of Warwick; Coventry UK
| | - Erik Rodner
- Computer Vision Group; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Marcel Simon
- Computer Vision Group; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Joachim Denzler
- Computer Vision Group; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Chao-Hui Huang
- MSD International GmbH; Singapore Singapore
- Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research; Singapore Singapore
| | - Gloria Bueno
- VISILAB, E.T.S.I.I; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - David Snead
- Department of Pathology; University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire; Coventry UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Histopathology; Division of Cancer and Stem Cells; School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Department of Histopathology; Division of Cancer and Stem Cells; School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Nasir Rajpoot
- Department of Computer Science; University of Warwick; Coventry UK
- Department of Pathology; University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire; Coventry UK
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139
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Mansour M, Teo ZL, Luen SJ, Loi S. Advancing Immunotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18:35. [PMID: 28534250 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-017-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Despite many advances in the treatment of breast cancer, the development of metastatic disease remains an incurable and frequent cause of cancer death for women worldwide. An improved understanding of the role of host immunosurveillance in modulating breast cancer disease biology, as well as impressive survival benefits seen to checkpoint blockade in other malignancies have provided great hope for an expanding role of immunotherapies in breast cancer management. While these novel therapies are currently being investigated in clinical trials, signals of efficacy, and tolerability in early phase studies suggest these will eventually make their way into standard practice algorithms. Ongoing research has highlighted a high degree of intertumoural heterogeneity in tumour lymphocytic infiltrates, suggesting some tumours or subtypes are more immunogenic than others. Furthermore, tumour intrinsic mechanisms of immune evasion are beginning to be uncovered, potentially representing key therapeutic targets to use in combination with checkpoint blockade, exemplifying the emerging concept of personalised medicine approaches to immune therapies. Subsequently, different immunotherapeutic strategies may be required based on stratification by these factors-for the minority of tumours with a high level of pre-existing immunity, immune checkpoint blockade monotherapy may be sufficient. However, for the majority of tumours with lower levels of pre-existing immunity, combination approaches will likely be required to achieve maximal therapeutic effect. Results of ongoing clinical trials including combinations with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Mansour
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhi Ling Teo
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Luen
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
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140
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Peters S, Kerr KM, Stahel R. PD-1 blockade in advanced NSCLC: A focus on pembrolizumab. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 62:39-49. [PMID: 29156447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and is responsible for a large proportion of all cancer-related deaths. Current treatment options are inadequate, reflecting a substantial unmet clinical need. Increasing knowledge regarding the mechanisms and genetic aberrations underlying tumor development and growth has heralded a new era of therapy in oncology, moving away from indiscriminate cytotoxic chemotherapy toward more finely focused, targeted medicine. The development of small-molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies directed toward specific components of dysfunctional molecular or immune pathways, and mutated genes specific to particular cancer types, is leading the field to more personalized and less toxic treatment options, many of which have demonstrated greater efficacy and survival benefits than their chemotherapeutic counterparts. Particularly successful examples are agents that interfere with the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway, which many tumors can hijack to avoid immune surveillance and editing. Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed at PD-1 that blocks the engagement between PD-1 and its ligands, has been explored as a treatment for solid tumors, and demonstrated survival benefits in several studies. The use of PD-1 inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab in advanced cancers is widespread, and pembrolizumab is available in more than 60 countries for at least one of the following: advanced melanoma, PD-L1-expressing NSCLC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and adult and pediatric patients with refractory classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. This work provides a brief overview of the role of pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced (recurrent/metastatic) NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Bureau BH09/733 Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Rolf Stahel
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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141
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Kulasinghe A, Kenny L, Punyadeera C. Circulating tumour cell PD-L1 test for head and neck cancers. Oral Oncol 2017; 75:6-7. [PMID: 29224824 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have gained traction over the last few years in the treatment of metastatic/recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Monoclonal antibodies that block the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its major ligand, PD-L1, have shown durable responses and low toxicity profiles. There are currently no validated predictive biomarkers to select patients likely to respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy to avoid unwanted side effects and to reduce healthcare expenditure. A circulating tumour cell (CTC) PD-L1 assay could be developed as a companion diagnostic tool to potentially predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arutha Kulasinghe
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, Queensland Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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142
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Brody R, Zhang Y, Ballas M, Siddiqui MK, Gupta P, Barker C, Midha A, Walker J. PD-L1 expression in advanced NSCLC: Insights into risk stratification and treatment selection from a systematic literature review. Lung Cancer 2017; 112:200-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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143
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Ilie M, Hofman P. Atezolizumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:3603-3606. [PMID: 29268352 PMCID: PMC5723868 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ilie
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IR-CAN), Inserm U1081 and UMR CNRS 7284, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hospital-Related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing, Nice (IR-CAN), Inserm U1081 and UMR CNRS 7284, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hospital-Related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
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144
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Salgado R, Moore H, Martens JWM, Lively T, Malik S, McDermott U, Michiels S, Moscow JA, Tejpar S, McKee T, Lacombe D. Societal challenges of precision medicine: Bringing order to chaos. Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:325-334. [PMID: 28865260 PMCID: PMC7888555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of drugs targeting specific proteins implicated in tumourigenesis and the commercial promotion of relatively affordable genome-wide analyses has led to an increasing expectation among patients with cancer that they can now receive effective personalised treatment based on the often complex genomic signature of their tumour. For such approaches to work in routine practice, the development of correspondingly complex biomarker assays through an appropriate and rigorous regulatory framework will be required. It is becoming increasingly evident that a re-engineering of clinical research is necessary so that regulatory considerations and procedures facilitate the efficient translation of these required biomarker assays from the discovery setting through to clinical application. This article discusses the practical requirements and challenges of developing such new precision medicine strategies, based on leveraging complex genomic profiles, as discussed at the Innovation and Biomarkers in Cancer Drug Development meeting (8th-9th September 2016, Brussels, Belgium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Salgado
- EORTC Pathobiology Group, Belgium; Department of Pathology GZA, Antwerp, Belgium; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Jules Bordet Institute, Belgium
| | - Helen Moore
- National Cancer Institute Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch (BBRB), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tracy Lively
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, US National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shakun Malik
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et D'Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, CESP, INSERM, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jeffrey A Moscow
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tawnya McKee
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Diagnostic Biomarkers and Technology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
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Powles T, O'Donnell PH, Massard C, Arkenau HT, Friedlander TW, Hoimes CJ, Lee JL, Ong M, Sridhar SS, Vogelzang NJ, Fishman MN, Zhang J, Srinivas S, Parikh J, Antal J, Jin X, Gupta AK, Ben Y, Hahn NM. Efficacy and Safety of Durvalumab in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Updated Results From a Phase 1/2 Open-label Study. JAMA Oncol 2017; 3:e172411. [PMID: 28817753 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance The data reported herein were accepted for assessment by the US Food and Drug Administration for Biologics License Application under priority review to establish the clinical benefit of durvalumab as second-line therapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC), resulting in its recent US approval. Objective To report a planned update of the safety and efficacy of durvalumab in patients with locally advanced/metastatic UC. Design, Setting, and Participants This is an ongoing phase 1/2 open-label study of 191 adult patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed locally advanced/metastatic UC whose disease had progressed on, were ineligible for, or refused prior chemotherapy from 60 sites in 9 countries as reported herein. Intervention Patients were administered durvalumab intravenous infusion, 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, for up to 12 months or until progression, starting another anticancer therapy, or unacceptable toxic effects. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary end points were safety and confirmed objective response rate (ORR) per blinded independent central review (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors [RECIST], version 1.1). Results A total of 191 patients with UC had received treatment. As of October 24, 2016 (90-day update), the median follow-up was 5.78 months (range, 0.4-25.9 months). The median age of patients was 67.0 years and most were male (136 [71.2%]) and white (123 [71.1%]). All patients had stage 4 disease, and 190 (99.5%) had prior anticancer therapy (182 [95.3%] postplatinum). The ORR was 17.8% (34 of 191; 95% CI, 12.7%-24.0%), including 7 complete responses. Responses were early (median time to response, 1.41 months), durable (median duration of response not reached), and observed regardless of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression (ORR, 27.6% [n = 27; 95% CI, 19.0%-37.5%] and 5.1% [n = 4; 95% CI, 1.4%-12.5%] in patients with high and low or negative expression of PD-L1, respectively). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 1.5 months (95% CI, 1.4-1.9 months) and 18.2 months (95% CI, 8.1 months to not estimable), respectively; the 1-year overall survival rate was 55% (95% CI, 44%-65%), as estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 13 patients (6.8%); grade 3/4 immune-mediated AEs occurred in 4 patients (2.1%); and treatment-related AEs led to discontinuation of 3 patients (1.6%), 2 of whom had immune-mediated AEs that led to death (autoimmune hepatitis and pneumonitis). Conclusions and Relevance Durvalumab, 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, demonstrates favorable clinical activity and an encouraging and manageable safety profile in patients with locally advanced/metastatic UC. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01693562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powles
- Centre for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - Peter H O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christophe Massard
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, Villejuif, France
| | - Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, University College London Cancer Centre, London, England
| | - Terence W Friedlander
- Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center
| | - Christopher J Hoimes
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael Ong
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Srikala S Sridhar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Vogelzang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas
| | - Mayer N Fishman
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sandy Srinivas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jigar Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joyce Antal
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Development, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Development, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Ashok K Gupta
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Development, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Yong Ben
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Noah M Hahn
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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146
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Calagua C, Russo J, Sun Y, Schaefer R, Lis R, Zhang Z, Mahoney K, Bubley GJ, Loda M, Taplin ME, Balk SP, Ye H. Expression of PD-L1 in Hormone-naïve and Treated Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Abiraterone Acetate plus Prednisone and Leuprolide. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6812-6822. [PMID: 28893901 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade has been unsuccessful in prostate cancer, with poor immunogenicity and subsequent low PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer being proposed as an explanation. However, recent studies indicate that a subset of prostate cancer may express significant levels of PD-L1. Furthermore, the androgen antagonist enzalutamide has been shown to upregulate PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer preclinical models. In this study, we evaluated the effect of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and leuprolide (Neo-AAPL) on PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer.Experimental Design: Radical prostatectomy (RP) tissues were collected from 44 patients with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer who underwent RP after Neo-AAPL treatment. Untreated prostate cancer tissues were collected from 130 patients, including 44 matched controls for the Neo-AAPL cases. Tumor PD-L1 expression was detected by IHC using validated anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells were analyzed in trial cases and matched controls. Expression of DNA mismatch repair genes was examined in PD-L1-positive tumors.Results: Neo-AAPL-treated tumors showed a trend toward decreased PD-L1 positivity compared with matched controls (7% vs. 21% having ≥1% positive tumor cells; P = 0.062). Treated tumors also harbored significantly fewer tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells (P = 0.029). In 130 untreated prostate cancers, African American ethnicity, elevated serum PSA, and small prostate independently predicted tumor PD-L1 positivity. Loss of MSH2 expression was observed in 1 of 21 PD-L1-positive tumors.Conclusions: A subset of prostate cancer expresses PD-L1, which is not increased by Neo-AAPL treatment, indicating that combining Neo-AAPL treatment with PD-L1/PD-1 blockade may not be synergistic. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6812-22. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Calagua
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua Russo
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rachel Schaefer
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rosina Lis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen Mahoney
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn J Bubley
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Cardnell RJ, Li L, Sen T, Bara R, Tong P, Fujimoto J, Ireland AS, Guthrie MR, Bheddah S, Banerjee U, Kalu NN, Fan YH, Dylla SJ, Johnson FM, Wistuba II, Oliver TG, Heymach JV, Glisson BS, Wang J, Byers LA. Protein expression of TTF1 and cMYC define distinct molecular subgroups of small cell lung cancer with unique vulnerabilities to aurora kinase inhibition, DLL3 targeting, and other targeted therapies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73419-73432. [PMID: 29088717 PMCID: PMC5650272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant cancer for which no new treatments have been approved in over 30 years. While molecular subtyping now guides treatment selection for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and other cancers, SCLC is still treated as a single disease entity. Using model-based clustering, we found two major proteomic subtypes of SCLC characterized by either high thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1)/low cMYC protein expression or high cMYC/low TTF1. Applying "drug target constellation" (DTECT) mapping, we further show that protein levels of TTF1 and cMYC predict response to targeted therapies including aurora kinase, Bcl2, and HSP90 inhibitors. Levels of TTF1 and DLL3 were also highly correlated in preclinical models and patient tumors. TTF1 (used in the diagnosis lung cancer) could therefore be used as a surrogate of DLL3 expression to identify patients who may respond to the DLL3 antibody-drug conjugate rovalpituzumab tesirine. These findings suggest that TTF1, cMYC or other protein markers identified here could be used to identify subgroups of SCLC patients who may respond preferentially to several emerging targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lerong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Triparna Sen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rasha Bara
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Molecular Translational Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abbie S Ireland
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew R Guthrie
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Upasana Banerjee
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nene N Kalu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - You-Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Molecular Translational Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Yeo MK, Choi SY, Seong IO, Suh KS, Kim JM, Kim KH. Association of PD-L1 expression and PD-L1 gene polymorphism with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2017; 68:103-111. [PMID: 28851662 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1)/programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) interaction has been linked to tumor immune evasion. PD-L1 expression has been indicated in identifying non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients for treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic values of PD-L1 expression and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PD-L1 gene in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). The 147 NSCLC tissues consisted of 84 samples of ADC and 63 samples of SqCC. All tissue microarray paraffin blocks were used for PD-L1 immunohistochemical assays with 22C3, SP263, and SP142 clones. Three SNPs in the PD-L1 gene, rs4143815, rs822336, and rs822337, were genotyped using SNP pyrosequencing. The PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in SqCC than in ADC. Among ADCs, PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in papillary and solid types than in lepidic and acinar types. Statistical associations of the PD-L1 expression with a shorter disease-free survival outcome and lymph node metastasis in the ADCs were found but no associations in SqCCs. Among the three SNPs, the rs4143815 genotype CC was statistically associated with positive 22C3 PD-L1 labeling in NSCLCs. The rs4143815 genotype GG instead showed a trend of shorter survival outcomes but did not reach statistical significance in the ADCs. Our results showed a significantly higher prevalence of positive PD-L1 expression in lung SqCC than in ADC. However, the PD-L1 expression and rs4143815 genotype GG might be useful for the prediction of poor prognosis in lung ADC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ock Seong
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sun Suh
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University, School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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149
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Ilie M, Khambata-Ford S, Copie-Bergman C, Huang L, Juco J, Hofman V, Hofman P. Use of the 22C3 anti-PD-L1 antibody to determine PD-L1 expression in multiple automated immunohistochemistry platforms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183023. [PMID: 28797130 PMCID: PMC5552229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), treatment with pembrolizumab is limited to patients with tumours expressing PD-L1 assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx (Dako, Inc.) companion diagnostic test, on the Dako Autostainer Link 48 (ASL48) platform. Optimised protocols are urgently needed for use of the 22C3 antibody concentrate to test PD-L1 expression on more widely available IHC autostainers. Methods We evaluated PD-L1 expression using the 22C3 antibody concentrate in the three main commercially available autostainers Dako ASL48, BenchMark ULTRA (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.), and Bond-III (Leica Biosystems) and compared the staining results with the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx kit on the Dako ASL48 platform. Several technical conditions for laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) were evaluated in tonsil specimens and a training set of three NSCLC samples. Optimised protocols were then validated in 120 NSCLC specimens. Results Optimised protocols were obtained on both the VENTANA BenchMark ULTRA and Dako ASL48 platforms. Significant expression of PD-L1 was obtained on tissue controls with the Leica Bond-III autostainer when high concentrations of the 22C3 antibody were used. It therefore was not tested on the 120 NSCLC specimens. An almost 100% concordance rate for dichotomized tumour proportion score (TPS) results was observed between TPS ratings using the 22C3 antibody concentrate on the Dako ASL48 and VENTANA BenchMark ULTRA platforms relative to the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx kit on the Dako ASL48 platform. Interpathologist agreement was high on both LDTs and the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx kit on the Dako ASL48 platform. Conclusion Availability of standardized protocols for determining PD-L1 expression using the 22C3 antibody concentrate on the widely available Dako ASL48 and VENTANA BenchMark ULTRA IHC platforms will expand the number of laboratories able to determine eligibility of patients with NSCLC for treatment with pembrolizumab in a reliable and concordant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ilie
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hospital-Related Biobank, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | | | - Christiane Copie-Bergman
- AP-HP, Groupe Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, Departement de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- INSERM, Unité U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Lingkang Huang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Juco
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Veronique Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hospital-Related Biobank, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hospital-Related Biobank, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute of Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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150
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of the review is to summarize the data regarding PD-L1 expression in breast cancer and the results of first clinical trials with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS PD-L1 expression is heterogeneous across primary breast cancers, and is generally associated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the presence of poor-prognosis features such as high grade, and aggressive molecular subtypes (triple-negative (TN), basal, HER2-enriched). Early phase clinical trials using PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors alone or in combination have shown objective tumor responses and durable long-term disease control, in heavily pre-treated patients, notably in the TN subtype. Blockade of PD-1 or PD-L1 shows impressive antitumor activity in some subsets of breast cancer patients. Many clinical trials are ongoing in the metastatic and neoadjuvant setting, alone and in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and/or other immune therapy. The identification of biomarkers predictive for a clinical benefit is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Ste-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France. .,Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS U7258, INSERM U1068, Marseille, France. .,Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Ste-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS U7258, INSERM U1068, Marseille, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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