101
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Al-Moghrabi NM. BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood cells and predisposition to breast cancer. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:189-193. [PMID: 31435238 PMCID: PMC6695050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Early onset breast cancer is a common malignancy and cause of death among young women in KSA. In addition, the data from women have demonstrated that most patients present late with an advanced stage. The early detection of this disease would not only save patients' lives but would also have the potential to reduce the budget and the time required for treating and nursing advanced breast cancer patients. This review highlights the risk of developing breast cancer in women with the methylated BRCA1 promoter in their white blood cells and proposes the potential use of this epigenetic modification as a powerful molecular marker for the early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen M. Al-Moghrabi
- Cancer Epigenetic Section, Molecular Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, KSA
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102
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Melloni GEM, Mazzarella L, Bernard L, Bodini M, Russo A, Luzi L, Pelicci PG, Riva L. A knowledge-based framework for the discovery of cancer-predisposing variants using large-scale sequencing breast cancer data. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:63. [PMID: 28569218 PMCID: PMC5452392 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The landscape of cancer-predisposing genes has been extensively investigated in the last 30 years with various methodologies ranging from candidate gene to genome-wide association studies. However, sequencing data are still poorly exploited in cancer predisposition studies due to the lack of statistical power when comparing millions of variants at once. METHOD To overcome these power limitations, we propose a knowledge-based framework founded on the characteristics of known cancer-predisposing variants and genes. Under our framework, we took advantage of a combination of previously generated datasets of sequencing experiments to identify novel breast cancer-predisposing variants, comparing the normal genomes of 673 breast cancer patients of European origin against 27,173 controls matched by ethnicity. RESULTS We detected several expected variants on known breast cancer-predisposing genes, like BRCA1 and BRCA2, and 11 variants on genes associated with other cancer types, like RET and AKT1. Furthermore, we detected 183 variants that overlap with somatic mutations in cancer and 41 variants associated with 38 possible loss-of-function genes, including PIK3CB and KMT2C. Finally, we found a set of 19 variants that are potentially pathogenic, negatively correlate with age at onset, and have never been associated with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of a genomic-driven approach nested in a classic case-control study to prioritize cancer-predisposing variants. In addition, we provide a resource containing variants that may affect susceptibility to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio E M Melloni
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy.,Division of New Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Clinical Genomics Lab, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Bodini
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Russo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Luzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riva
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy.
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103
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Lee MV, Katabathina VS, Bowerson ML, Mityul MI, Shetty AS, Elsayes KM, Balachandran A, Bhosale PR, McCullough AE, Menias CO. BRCA-associated Cancers: Role of Imaging in Screening, Diagnosis, and Management. Radiographics 2017; 37:1005-1023. [PMID: 28548905 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Harmful mutations of the BRCA tumor suppressor genes result in a greater lifetime risk for malignancy-breast and ovarian cancers in particular. An increased risk for male breast, fallopian tube, primary peritoneal, pancreatic, prostate, and colon cancers also has been reported. The BRCA gene is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and tends to be highly penetrant; thus, there is an increased incidence of these cancers in affected families. Compared with sporadic tumors, BRCA-associated malignancies have unique manifestations, clinical features, and pathologic profiles. Manifestation at an early patient age, high-grade tumors, and an aggressive clinical course are common features of BRCA-associated malignancies. Understanding the behavior of these cancers aids in identification of affected individuals and families, who can then make informed decisions regarding their future health. Enhanced screening, prophylactic surgery, and chemoprevention are options for managing cancer risk factors in these individuals. Imaging has an important role in the screening, evaluation, staging, and follow-up of BRCA-associated malignancies. Supplemental screening of BRCA mutation carriers often begins at an early age and is critical for early and accurate cancer diagnoses. The authors review the etiopathogenesis and imaging features of BRCA-associated malignancies, the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to determining the diagnosis, and the treatment of patients who have these mutations to improve their outcomes. © RSNA, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle V Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Venkata S Katabathina
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Michyla L Bowerson
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Marina I Mityul
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Anup S Shetty
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Aparna Balachandran
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Priya R Bhosale
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Ann E McCullough
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Christine O Menias
- From the Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.V.L., M.I.M., A.S.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass (M.L.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E., A.B., P.R.B.); and Departments of Pathology (A.E.M.) and Radiology (C.O.M.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz
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Oda K, Tanikawa M, Sone K, Mori-Uchino M, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Recent advances in targeting DNA repair pathways for the treatment of ovarian cancer and their clinical relevance. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:611-618. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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105
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Nykamp K, Anderson M, Powers M, Garcia J, Herrera B, Ho YY, Kobayashi Y, Patil N, Thusberg J, Westbrook M, Topper S. Sherloc: a comprehensive refinement of the ACMG-AMP variant classification criteria. Genet Med 2017; 19:1105-1117. [PMID: 28492532 PMCID: PMC5632818 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG-AMP) guidelines were a major step toward establishing a common framework for variant classification. In practice, however, several aspects of the guidelines lack specificity, are subject to varied interpretations, or fail to capture relevant aspects of clinical molecular genetics. A simple implementation of the guidelines in their current form is insufficient for consistent and comprehensive variant classification.MethodsWe undertook an iterative process of refining the ACMG-AMP guidelines. We used the guidelines to classify more than 40,000 clinically observed variants, assessed the outcome, and refined the classification criteria to capture exceptions and edge cases. During this process, the criteria evolved through eight major and minor revisions.ResultsOur implementation: (i) separated ambiguous ACMG-AMP criteria into a set of discrete but related rules with refined weights; (ii) grouped certain criteria to protect against the overcounting of conceptually related evidence; and (iii) replaced the "clinical criteria" style of the guidelines with additive, semiquantitative criteria.ConclusionSherloc builds on the strong framework of 33 rules established by the ACMG-AMP guidelines and introduces 108 detailed refinements, which support a more consistent and transparent approach to variant classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Nykamp
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - John Garcia
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Yuan-Yuan Ho
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Nila Patil
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Topper
- Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California, USA
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106
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Yedjou CG, Tchounwou PB, Payton M, Miele L, Fonseca DD, Lowe L, Alo RA. Assessing the Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E486. [PMID: 28475137 PMCID: PMC5451937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among women aged 40-55 in the United States and currently affects more than one in ten women worldwide. It is also one of the most diagnosed cancers in women both in wealthy and poor countries. Fortunately, the mortality rate from breast cancer has decreased in recent years due to increased emphasis on early detection and more effective treatments in White population. Although the mortality rates have declined in some ethnic populations, the overall cancer incidence among African American and Hispanic populations has continued to grow. The goal of the present review article was to highlight similarities and differences in breast cancer morbidity and mortality rates primarily among African American women compared to White women in the United States. To reach our goal, we conducted a search of articles in journals with a primary focus on minority health, and authors who had published articles on racial/ethnic disparity related to breast cancer patients. A systematic search of original research was conducted using MEDLINE, PUBMED and Google Scholar databases. We found that racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer may be attributed to a large number of clinical and non-clinical risk factors including lack of medical coverage, barriers to early detection and screening, more advanced stage of disease at diagnosis among minorities, and unequal access to improvements in cancer treatment. Many African American women have frequent unknown or unstaged breast cancers than White women. These risk factors may explain the differences in breast cancer treatment and survival rate between African American women and White women. New strategies and approaches are needed to promote breast cancer prevention, improve survival rate, reduce breast cancer mortality, and ultimately improve the health outcomes of racial/ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Yedjou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Research Centers in Minority Institutio (RCMI)-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Research Centers in Minority Institutio (RCMI)-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Marinelle Payton
- Center of Excellence in Minority Health and Health Disparities, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson Medical Mall-Thad Cochran Center, 350 West Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Jackson, MS 39213, USA.
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, LSU Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 533 Bolivar Street, Room 657, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Duber D Fonseca
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Research Centers in Minority Institutio (RCMI)-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK.
| | - Richard A Alo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
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107
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Danza K, De Summa S, Pinto R, Pilato B, Palumbo O, Carella M, Popescu O, Digennaro M, Lacalamita R, Tommasi S. TGFbeta and miRNA regulation in familial and sporadic breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50715-50723. [PMID: 28881597 PMCID: PMC5584195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The term ‘BRCAness’ was introduced to identify sporadic malignant tumors sharing characteristics similar to those germline BRCA-related. Among all mechanisms attributable to BRCA1 expression silencing, a major role has been assigned to microRNAs. MicroRNAs role in familial and sporadic breast cancer has been explored but few data are available about microRNAs involvement in homologous recombination repair control in these breast cancer subgroups. Our aim was to seek microRNAs associated to pathways underlying DNA repair dysfunction in breast cancer according to a family history of the disease. Affymetrix GeneChip microRNA Arrays were used to perform microRNA expression analysis in familial and sporadic breast cancer. Pathway enrichment analysis and microRNA target prediction was carried out using DIANA miRPath v.3 web-based computational tool and miRWalk v.2 database. We analyzed an external gene expression dataset (E-GEOD-49481), including both familial and sporadic breast cancers. For microRNA validation, an independent set of 19 familial and 10 sporadic breast cancers was used. Microarray analysis identified a signature of 28 deregulated miRNAs. For our validation analyses by real time PCR, we focused on miR-92a-1*, miR-1184 and miR-943 because associated to TGF-β signalling pathway, ATM and BRCA1 genes expression. Our results highlighted alterations in miR-92a-1*, miR-1184 and miR-943 expression levels suggesting their involvement in repair of DNA double-strand breaks through TGF-beta pathway control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Danza
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Simona De Summa
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Brunella Pilato
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', Medical Genetics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', Medical Genetics Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | - Ondina Popescu
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Anatomopathology Unit, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Maria Digennaro
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Experimental Medical Oncology Unit, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rosanna Lacalamita
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- IRCCS 'Giovanni Paolo II', Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Bari 70124, Italy
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108
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van de Ven M, van der Burg E, van der Gulden H, Klarenbeek S, Bouwman P, Jonkers J. Prophylactic window therapy with the clinical poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib delays BRCA1-deficient mammary tumour formation in mice. J Pathol 2017; 241:511-521. [PMID: 27943283 DOI: 10.1002/path.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van de Ven
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- MCCA Preclinical Intervention Unit; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke van der Gulden
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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109
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The incidence of cardiomyopathy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers after anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:59-67. [PMID: 28066861 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer remains the fourth-leading cause of death in the United States. Nearly 10% of breast cancers are hereditary, with deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes being the leading cause. Anthracycline chemotherapy, used commonly for breast cancer, carries cardiotoxicity risk. Recent studies demonstrated anthracycline-induced cardiac failure in homozygous BRCA2-deficient mice and increased rates of heart failure in homozygous BRCA1-deficient mice following ischemic insult. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective matched cohort study to determine the rates of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy in breast cancer patients with germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes compared to age-matched patients without a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. METHODS The primary endpoint was to determine the rate of cardiomyopathy defined as either congestive heart failure or asymptomatic decline in ejection fraction to <50%. A total of 102 breast cancer patients who were BRCA gene mutation carriers (55 BRCA1, 45 BRCA2, and two with both), who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy were compared to a matched cohort of breast cancer patients with wild-type BRCA gene status. RESULTS We found a 4.9% rate of cardiomyopathy in the BRCA mutation carriers and 5.2% in the matched controls (p = 0.99). Cox proportional hazards model showed that only trastuzumab and hypertension were significantly associated with the development of cardiomyopathy in both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Given the limitations of a retrospective study, we saw no increased risk of cardiotoxicity among breast cancer patients with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 gene mutations treated with standard doses of anthracycline compared to the general population.
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Sedic M, Kuperwasser C. BRCA1-hapoinsufficiency: Unraveling the molecular and cellular basis for tissue-specific cancer. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:621-7. [PMID: 26822887 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1141841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years tremendous progress has been made in understanding the function of BRCA1 gene products. Yet one question still remains: why is mutation of BRCA1 typically associated with preferential development of breast and ovarian cancers and not tumors in other tissues? Here we discuss recent evidence documenting the effect of BRCA1-haploinsufficiency in different cells and tissues and synthesize a model for how mutations in a single BRCA1 allele in human cells might preferentially confer increased cancer risk in breast epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sedic
- a Department of Developmental , Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,b Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,c Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- a Department of Developmental , Chemical, and Molecular Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,b Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA.,c Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
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111
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Sturgeon KM, Dean LT, Heroux M, Kane J, Bauer T, Palmer E, Long J, Lynch S, Jacobs L, Sarwer DB, Leonard MB, Schmitz K. Commercially available lifestyle modification program: randomized controlled trial addressing heart and bone health in BRCA1/2+ breast cancer survivors after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. J Cancer Surviv 2016; 11:246-255. [PMID: 27873046 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-016-0582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this RCT was to examine the efficacy and safety of a web-based program to improve cardiovascular and bone health outcomes, among 35 BRCA1/2+ breast cancer survivors who underwent prophylactic oophorectomy and thus experienced premature surgical menopause. METHODS A 12-month commercially available web-based lifestyle modification program (Precision Nutrition Coaching) was utilized. Cardiovascular fitness, dietary intake, leisure time activity, body composition, bone mineral density, bone structure, and muscle strength were assessed. RESULTS Average adherence to all program components was 74.8 %. Women in the intervention group maintained their cardiovascular fitness level over the 12 months (1.1 ± 7.9 %), while the control group significantly decreased fitness capacity (-4.0 ± 7.5 %). There was a significant difference between groups in percent change of whole body bone area (-0.8 ± 2.5 control and 0.5 ± 1.30 intervention). We also observed decreased BMI (-4.7 ± 6.2 %) and fat mass (-8.6 ± 12.7 %) in the intervention group due to significant concomitant decreases in caloric intake and increases in caloric expenditure. The control group demonstrated decreased caloric intake and decreased lean tissue mass. CONCLUSIONS In this population at high risk for detrimental cardiovascular and bone outcomes, a commercially available lifestyle intervention program mitigated a decline in cardiovascular health, improved bone health, and decreased weight through fat loss. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Precision Nutrition Coaching has shown benefit in breast cancer survivors for reduced risk of deleterious cardiovascular and bone outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Sturgeon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market St, Suite 440, Office 458, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lorraine T Dean
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market St, Suite 440, Office 458, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Jessica Kane
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market St, Suite 440, Office 458, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Toni Bauer
- Precision Nutrition, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erica Palmer
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market St, Suite 440, Office 458, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jin Long
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market St, Suite 440, Office 458, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Linda Jacobs
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market St, Suite 440, Office 458, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David B Sarwer
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Schmitz
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3440 Market St, Suite 440, Office 458, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Wu L, Yao L, Zhang H, Ouyang T, Li J, Wang T, Fan Z, Fan T, Lin B, Yin CC, Xie Y. A genome-wide association study identifies WT1 variant with better response to 5-fluorouracil, pirarubicin and cyclophosphamide neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5042-52. [PMID: 26573232 PMCID: PMC4826264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is believed to result from the interplay of genetic and non-genetic risk factors, and individual genetic variation may influence the efficacy of chemotherapy. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with response to anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. In the discovery stage, we divided 92 patients who received anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy into 2 groups according to pathologic response and performed a genome-wide study using Affymetrix SNP6.0 genechip. Of 389,795 SNPs associated with pathologic complete response (pCR), we identified 2 SNPs, rs6044100 and rs1799937, that were significantly associated with pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In the validation stage, genotype analysis of samples from an independent cohort of 401 patients who received anthracycline-based neoadjuvant regimens and 467 patients who received taxane-based regimens was performed using sequencing analysis. We found that only SNP rs1799937, located in the WT1 gene, was associated with pCR after anthracycline-based neoadjuvant therapy (AA vs GG; odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-6.98; P < 0.05) but not after taxane-based neoadjuvant therapy (AA vs GG; OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.36-2.04; P = 0.72). These results suggest that WT1 may be a potential target of anthracycline-based neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yao
- Breast Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- Breast Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Breast Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- Breast Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Fan
- Breast Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tie Fan
- Breast Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Benyao Lin
- Breast Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuntao Xie
- Breast Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
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113
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian N Olver
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA
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114
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Stewart SL, Kaplan CP, Lee R, Joseph G, Karliner L, Livaudais-Toman J, Pasick RJ. Validation of an Efficient Screening Tool to Identify Low-Income Women at High Risk for Hereditary Breast Cancer. Public Health Genomics 2016; 19:342-351. [PMID: 27788513 DOI: 10.1159/000452095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We compared the 6-Point Scale, a screening tool to identify low-income women for referral to genetic counseling, with genetic counselors' (GCs') recommendation and the Referral Screening Tool (RST). METHODS RST and 6-Point Scale scores were computed for 2 samples: (1) S1, public hospital mammography clinic patients in 2006-2010 (n = 744), classified by GCs as high risk (meriting referral to counseling) or not high risk, and (2) S2, primary care patients enrolled in an education intervention study in 2011-2012 (n = 1,425). Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUROC) were computed for the 6-Point Scale score versus GC and RST classification as high risk. RESULTS The 6-Point Scale had low sensitivity (0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21-0.34) but high specificity (0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99) and AUROC (0.85, 95% CI 0.81-0.90) versus GC classification, and high sensitivity (S1: 0.90, 95% CI 0.79-1.00; S2: 0.94, 95% CI 0.87-0.97), specificity (S1: 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97; S2: 0.94, 95% CI 0.93-0.96), and AUROC (S1: 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99; S2: 0.98, 95% CI 0.98-0.99) versus the RST. CONCLUSION The 6-Point Scale compared favorably with the RST, a validated instrument, and is potentially useful as a simple tool for administration in a safety net setting, requiring minimal time investment by primary care physicians and their staff and no financial investment in tablet computers or software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Stewart
- University of California, Davis Division of Biostatistics, Sacramento, CA, USA
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115
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Isakoff SJ, Puhalla S, Domchek SM, Friedlander M, Kaufman B, Robson M, Telli ML, Diéras V, Han HS, Garber JE, Johnson EF, Maag D, Qin Q, Giranda VL, Shepherd SP. A randomized Phase II study of veliparib with temozolomide or carboplatin/paclitaxel versus placebo with carboplatin/paclitaxel in BRCA1/2 metastatic breast cancer: design and rationale. Future Oncol 2016; 13:307-320. [PMID: 27739325 PMCID: PMC5618936 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Veliparib is an orally administered poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that is being studied in Phase I–III clinical trials, including Phase III studies in non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. Tumor cells with deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are deficient in homologous recombination DNA repair and are intrinsically sensitive to platinum therapy and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. We describe herein the design and rationale of a Phase II trial investigating whether the addition of veliparib to temozolomide or carboplatin/paclitaxel provides clinical benefit over carboplatin/paclitaxel with placebo in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer harboring a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation (Trial registration: EudraCT 2011-002913-12, NCT01506609).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Isakoff
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shannon Puhalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Bella Kaufman
- Department of General Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52 621, Israel
| | - Mark Robson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Melinda L Telli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Véronique Diéras
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris 75248, France
| | - Hyo Sook Han
- The Center for Women's Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Qin Qin
- AbbVie Inc., Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Yanagawa T, Denda K, Inatani T, Fukushima T, Tanaka T, Kumaki N, Inagaki Y, Komada M. Deficiency of X-Linked Protein Kinase Nrk during Pregnancy Triggers Breast Tumor in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2751-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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117
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Karaminejad S, Karimi F. A Nano-Biosensor for the Detection of 185delAG Mutation in BRCA1 Gene, Leading to Breast Cancer. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:431-439. [PMID: 27657359 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1227444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for the detection of 185delAG mutation in BRCA1 gene, which is responsible for 85% and 63% lifetime risks of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in women, respectively. The protocol is based on the quenching and recovering fluorescence emission of fluorescein-based dye (FAM)-labeled DNA in the presence of graphene oxide (GO), followed by addition of cDNA or mDNA. In addition, ligase reaction between a DNA probe attached to GO and a DNA possessing FAM on 5' terminal in the presence of cDNA or mDNA was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farrokh Karimi
- b Department of Biology , University of Maragheh , Maragheh , Iran
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118
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Braakhuis AJ, Campion P, Bishop KS. Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics. Nutrients 2016; 8:E547. [PMID: 27608040 PMCID: PMC5037532 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from numerous observational and clinical studies suggest that polyphenolic phytochemicals such as phenolic acids in olive oil, flavonols in tea, chocolate and grapes, and isoflavones in soy products reduce the risk of breast cancer. A dietary food pattern naturally rich in polyphenols is the Mediterranean diet and evidence suggests those of Mediterranean descent have a lower breast cancer incidence. Whilst dietary polyphenols have been the subject of breast cancer risk-reduction, this review will focus on the clinical effects of polyphenols on reducing recurrence. Overall, we recommend breast cancer patients consume a diet naturally high in flavonol polyphenols including tea, vegetables (onion, broccoli), and fruit (apples, citrus). At least five servings of vegetables and fruit daily appear protective. Moderate soy protein consumption (5-10 g daily) and the Mediterranean dietary pattern show the most promise for breast cancer patients. In this review, we present an overview of clinical trials on supplementary polyphenols of dietary patterns rich in polyphenols on breast cancer recurrence, mechanistic data, and novel delivery systems currently being researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Braakhuis
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Peta Campion
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Center, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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119
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Nielsen FC, van Overeem Hansen T, Sørensen CS. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer: new genes in confined pathways. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:599-612. [PMID: 27515922 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities in the DNA repair genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). However, only approximately 25% of cases of HBOC can be ascribed to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Recently, exome sequencing has uncovered substantial locus heterogeneity among affected families without BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The new pathogenic variants are rare, posing challenges to estimation of risk attribution through patient cohorts. In this Review article, we examine HBOC genes, focusing on their role in genome maintenance, the possibilities for functional testing of putative causal variants and the clinical application of new HBOC genes in cancer risk management and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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120
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Zingue S, Cisilotto J, Tueche AB, Bishayee A, Mefegue FA, Sandjo LP, Magne Nde CB, Winter E, Michel T, Ndinteh DT, Awounfack CF, Silihe KK, Melachio Tanekou TT, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Njamen D. Crateva adansonii DC, an African ethnomedicinal plant, exerts cytotoxicity in vitro and prevents experimental mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:183-199. [PMID: 27267829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crateva adansonii DC is a plant traditionally used in Cameroon to treat constipation, asthma, snakebites, postmenopausal complaints and cancers. AIM The anticancer potential of the dichloromethane/methanol extract of C. adansonii stem barks was investigated using human breast cancer cell and 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anththracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumorigenesis model in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of C. adansonii extract was assessed in vitro towards breast carcinoma (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and non-tumoral cell lines (NIH/3T3 and HUVEC) by Alamar Blue assay. Furthermore, in vivo studies were performed on female Wistar rats treated either with C. adansonii extract at a dose of 75 or 300mg/kg body weight or with tamoxifen (3.3mg/kg body weight), starting 1 week prior DMBA treatment and lasted 12 weeks. The investigation focused on tumour burden, tumour DNA fingerprint, morphological, histological, hematological, and biochemical parameters. RESULTS CC50 values for the in vitro assays were 289µg/mL against MCF-7 cells and >500µg/mL in others cells, leading to a selectivity index ≥1.73. C. adansonii extract significantly (p<0.001) revealed in vivo the reduction of the cumulative tumour yield (87.23%), total tumour burden (88.64%), average tumour weight (71.11%) and tumour volume (78.07%) at the dose of 75mg/kg as compared to DMBA control group. A weak effect was also observed at 300mg/kg. This extract showed a moderate hyperplasia at the dose of 75mg/kg while at 300mg/kg no significant change was noted as compared to DMBA group. It protected rats from the DNA alteration induced by DMBA and increased antioxydant enzymes activities in mammary gland tissue homogenates. In addition, Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/ESI-QTOF-Mass Spectrometry analysis of C. adansonii extract detected structure-related of many well-known anticancer agents such as flavane gallate, flavonol, phenylpropanoïds, sesquiterpene derivatives, gallotannins and lignans. The LD50 of C. adansonii was estimated to be greater than 5000mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS These aforementioned results suggest that the C. adansonii extract may possess antitumor constituents, which could combat breast cancer and prevent chemically-induced breast cancer in rats.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Africa
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/chemistry
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/isolation & purification
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/toxicity
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Capparaceae/chemistry
- Chromatography, Liquid
- DNA Damage/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ethnobotany
- Female
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Lethal Dose 50
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Medicine, African Traditional
- Mice
- Molecular Structure
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats, Wistar
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon; Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Julia Cisilotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alain Brice Tueche
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - Francine Azegha Mefegue
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Evelyn Winter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thomas Michel
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, Faculty of Sciences, University Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR CNRS 7272, Valrose Park, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | | | - Kevine Kamga Silihe
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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121
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Ludwig KK, Neuner J, Butler A, Geurts JL, Kong AL. Risk reduction and survival benefit of prophylactic surgery in BRCA mutation carriers, a systematic review. Am J Surg 2016; 212:660-669. [PMID: 27649974 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes results in an elevated risk for developing both breast and ovarian cancers over the lifetime of affected carriers. General surgeons may be faced with questions about surgical risk reduction and survival benefit of prophylactic surgery. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, and Scopus comparing prophylactic surgery vs observation with respect to breast and ovarian cancer risk reduction and mortality in BRCA mutation carriers. RESULTS Bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy provides a 90% to 95% risk reduction in BRCA mutation carriers, although the data do not demonstrate improved mortality. The reduction in ovarian and breast cancer risks using risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy has translated to improvement in survival. CONCLUSIONS Clinical management of patients at increased risk for breast cancer requires consideration of risk, patient preference, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice K Ludwig
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Carmel, IN, USA
| | - Joan Neuner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Annabelle Butler
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jennifer L Geurts
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amanda L Kong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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122
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Rabenau K, Hofstatter E. DNA Damage Repair and the Emerging Role of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibition in Cancer Therapeutics. Clin Ther 2016; 38:1577-88. [PMID: 27368114 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a result of improved understanding of DNA repair mechanisms, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are increasingly recognized to play an important therapeutic role in the treatment of cancer. The aim of this article is to provide a review of PARPi function in DNA damage repair and synthetic lethality and to demonstrate how these mechanisms can be exploited to provide new PARPi-based therapies to patients with solid tumors. METHODS Literature from a range of sources, including PubMed and MEDLINE, were searched to identify recent reports regarding DNA damage repair and PARPi. FINDINGS DNA damage repair is central to cellular viability. The family of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase proteins play multiple intracellular roles in DNA repair, but function primarily in the resolution of repair of single-strand DNA breaks. Insights through the discovery of germline BRCA1/2 mutations led to the understanding of synthetic lethality and the potential therapeutic role of PARPi in the treatment of cancer. Further understanding of DNA damage repair and the concept of BRCA-like tumors have catalyzed PARPi clinical investigation in multiple oncologic settings. IMPLICATIONS PARPi hold great promise in the treatment of solid tumors, both as monotherapy and in combination with other cancer therapeutics. Multiple PARPi clinical trials are currently underway. Further understanding of aberrant DNA repair mechanisms in the germline and in the tumor genome will allow clinicians and researchers to apply PARPi most strategically in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rabenau
- Yale University School of Medicine/Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Erin Hofstatter
- Yale University School of Medicine/Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT.
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123
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Hamam D, Abdouh M, Gao ZH, Arena V, Arena M, Arena GO. Transfer of malignant trait to BRCA1 deficient human fibroblasts following exposure to serum of cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:80. [PMID: 27179759 PMCID: PMC4868000 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background It was reported that metastases might occur via transfer of biologically active blood circulating molecules from the primary tumor to distant organs rather than only migration of cancer cells. We showed in an earlier study that exposure of immortalized human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) to cancer patient sera, induce their transformation into undifferentiated cancers due to a horizontal transfer of malignant traits. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that even other human cells as long as they are deficient for a single oncosuppressor gene might undergo malignant transformation when exposed to human cancer serum. Methods We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to establish a stable BRCA1 knockout (KO) in human fibroblasts. The BRCA1-KO fibroblasts were exposed to cancer patients’ sera or healthy patients’ sera for 2 weeks. Treated cells were analyzed for cell proliferation and transformation to study their susceptibility to the oncogenic potential of cancer patients’ sera and to determine the possible mechanisms underlying their hypothesized transformation. Results BRCA1-KO fibroblasts treated with cancer patients’ sera displayed higher proliferation and underwent malignant transformation as opposed to wild type control fibroblasts, which were not affected by exposure to cancer patients’ sera. The malignant transformation was not seen when BRCA1-KO fibroblasts were treated with healthy human sera. Histological analysis of tumors generated by BRCA1-KO fibroblasts showed that they were carcinomas with phenotypical characteristics related to the cancers of the blood donor patients. Interestingly, BRCA1-KO fibroblasts were significantly more prone to internalize serum-derived exosomes, when compared to wild type fibroblasts. This suggests that oncosuppressor genes might protect the integrity of the cell genome also by blocking integration of cancer-derived exosomes. Conclusion These data support the hypothesis that any human cells carrying a single oncosuppressor mutation is capable of integrating cancer factors carried in the blood and undergo complete malignant transformation. Oncosuppressor genes might protect the cell genome by impeding the integration inside the cells of these mutating factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0360-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hamam
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 845 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montreal, H3A 0G4, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, H4A 3J1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santo Bambino Hospital, via Torre del Vescovo 4, Catania, Italy
| | - Manuel Arena
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Organ Transplantation and Advances Technologies, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 84, Catania, Italy
| | - Goffredo Orazio Arena
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, McGill University, St. Mary Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, H3T 1M5, QC, Canada.
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Lewin AA, Gene Kim S, Babb JS, Melsaether AN, McKellop J, Moccaldi M, Klautau Leite AP, Moy L. Assessment of Background Parenchymal Enhancement and Lesion Kinetics in Breast MRI of BRCA 1/2 Mutation Carriers Compared to Matched Controls Using Quantitative Kinetic Analysis. Acad Radiol 2016; 23:358-67. [PMID: 26774741 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate whether quantitative kinetic analysis of lesions and background parenchyma in breast magnetic resonance imaging can elucidate differences between BRCA carriers and sporadic controls with high risk for breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-nine BRCA and 59 control cases (49 benign, 10 malignant) were examined in this study. Principal component analysis was applied for quantitative analysis of dynamic signal in background parenchyma (B) and lesion (L) in terms of initial enhancement ratio (IER) and delayed enhancement ratio (DER). RESULTS Control B-IER, B-DER, L-IER, and L-DER were higher than BRCA cases in all women and in women with benign lesions; statistically significant differences in B-IER and B-DER (all women: P = 0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively; benign only: P = 0.005 and P = 0.005, respectively). In the control cohort, B-IER and B-DER were higher in the premenopausal women than in the postmenopausal women (P = 0.013 and 0.003, respectively), but not in the BRCA cohort; this led to significant differences in B-IER and B-DER between the control and the BRCA groups in the premenopausal women (P = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively) but not in the postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION Results suggest possible differences in the vascular properties of background parenchyma between BRCA carriers and noncarriers and its association with menopausal status.
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Zhou H, Dai Y, Zhu L, Wang C, Fei X, Pan Q, Chen J, Shi X, Yang Y, Tao X, Shi P. Poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with KRAS mutation and concomitant low expression of BRAC1 and TYMS in NSCLC. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:89-98. [PMID: 26740498 PMCID: PMC5536563 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515607383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate treatment response, survival, and the associations between KRAS mutation status and tumour expression levels of BRCA1, TYMS and SRC retrospectively in a cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), treated exclusively with conjunctive platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. Methods KRAS mutation status was determined via amplification refractory mutation and multiple quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Tumour expression levels of BRCA1, TYMS and SRC were determined via real time quantitative PCR. Results Patients with KRAS mutations (n = 3) had significantly shorter survival duration than patients with wild type KRAS (n = 42). Tumour expression levels of BRCA1 and TYMS, but not SRC, were significantly lower in patients with, than in those without, KRAS mutations. Tumour expression level of BRCA1 was positively correlated with survival duration. Conclusions KRAS mutation status and BRCA1 tumour expression are potential biomarkers for tailoring chemotherapy and predicting clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Department of Pathology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Fei
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianqing Shi
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfeng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Tao
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pinghuai Shi
- Department of Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu, China
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Worley B, Zagon I, McLaughlin P. Opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR) expression is downregulated with progression of triple negative breast cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.34.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bishayee A, Mandal A, Bhattacharyya P, Bhatia D. Pomegranate exerts chemoprevention of experimentally induced mammary tumorigenesis by suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2015; 68:120-30. [PMID: 26699876 PMCID: PMC4784500 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States and discovery and development of safe chemopreventive drugs is urgently needed. The fruit pomegranate (Punica granatum) is gaining importance because of its various health benefits. This study was initiated to investigate chemopreventive potential of a pomegranate emulsion (PE) against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) rat mammary carcinogenesis. The animals were orally administered with PE (0.2–5.0 g/kg), starting 2 wk before and 16 wk following DMBA treatment. PE exhibited a striking reduction of DMBA-induced mammary tumor incidence, total tumor burden, and reversed histopathological changes. PE dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in mammary tumors. Immunohistochemical studies showed that PE increased intratumor Bax, decreased Bcl2 and manifested a proapoptotic shift in Bax/Bcl2 ratio. In addition, our gene expression study showed PE-mediated upregulation of Bad, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase and cytochrome c in mammary tumors. Thus, PE exerts chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis mediated through upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl2 in concert with caspase cascades. Pomegranate bioactive phytoconstituents could be developed as a chemopreventive drug to reduce the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Animesh Mandal
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University , Rootstown , Ohio , USA
| | | | - Deepak Bhatia
- d Department of Pharmacogenomics , Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University , Ashburn , Virginia , USA
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Mechanism of Breast Cancer Preventive Action of Pomegranate: Disruption of Estrogen Receptor and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2015; 20:22315-28. [PMID: 26703530 PMCID: PMC6332439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A pomegranate emulsion (PE), containing various bioactive phytochemicals, has recently been found to exert substantial chemopreventive effect against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats via antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of action are not completely understood. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of PE treatment on intratumor expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-α, ER-β,β-catenin and cyclin D1 during DMBA rat mammary carcinogenesis. Mammary tumor sections were harvested from a chemopreventive study in which PE (0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 g/kg) exhibited inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis in a dose-response manner. The expressions of ER-α, ER-β, β-catenin and cyclin D1 were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques. PE downregulated the expression of intratumor ER-α and ER-β and lowered ER-α:ER-β ratio. PE also decreased the expression, cytoplasmic accumulation, and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, an essential transcriptional cofactor for Wnt signaling. Moreover, PE suppressed the expression of cell growth regulatory protein cyclin D1, which is a downstream target for both ER and Wnt signaling. Our current results in conjunction with our previous findings indicate that concurrent disruption of ER and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways possibly contributes to antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects involved in PE-mediated chemoprevention of DMBA-inflicted rat mammary tumorigenesis.
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129
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Rachner TD, Rauner M. RANKL/OPG in Breast Cancer - Extending Its Territory to BRCA Mutation Carriers. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1270-1. [PMID: 26629502 PMCID: PMC4634749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
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130
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Famorca-Tran
- Texas Oncology, Houston, Texas, and Texas Woman's University College of Nursing, Denton, Texas
| | - Gayle Roux
- Texas Oncology, Houston, Texas, and Texas Woman's University College of Nursing, Denton, Texas
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131
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Herrmann C, Ess S, Thürlimann B, Probst-Hensch N, Vounatsou P. 40 years of progress in female cancer death risk: a Bayesian spatio-temporal mapping analysis in Switzerland. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:666. [PMID: 26453319 PMCID: PMC4600311 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decades, mortality of female gender related cancers declined in Switzerland and other developed countries. Differences in the decrease and in spatial patterns within Switzerland have been reported according to urbanisation and language region, and remain controversial. We aimed to investigate geographical and temporal trends of breast, ovarian, cervical and uterine cancer mortality, assess whether differential trends exist and to provide updated results until 2011. METHODS Breast, ovarian, cervical and uterine cancer mortality and population data for Switzerland in the period 1969-2011 was retrieved from the Swiss Federal Statistical office (FSO). Cases were grouped into <55 year olds, 55-74 year olds and 75+ year olds. The geographical unit of analysis was the municipality. To explore age- specific spatio-temporal patterns we fitted Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal models on subgroup-specific death rates indirectly standardized by national references. We used linguistic region and degree of urbanisation as covariates. RESULTS Female cancer mortality continuously decreased in terms of rates in all age groups and cancer sites except for ovarian cancer in 75+ year olds, especially since 1990 onwards. Contrary to other reports, we found no systematic difference between language regions. Urbanisation as a proxy for access to and quality of medical services, education and health consciousness seemed to have no influence on cancer mortality with the exception of uterine and ovarian cancer in specific age groups. We observed no obvious spatial pattern of mortality common for all cancer sites. Rate reduction in cervical cancer was even stronger than for other cancer sites. CONCLUSIONS Female gender related cancer mortality is continuously decreasing in Switzerland since 1990. Geographical differences are small, present on a regional or canton-overspanning level, and different for each cancer site and age group. No general significant association with cantonal or language region borders could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herrmann
- Cancer Registry St. Gallen-Appenzell, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Ess
- Cancer Registry St. Gallen-Appenzell, St Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Thürlimann
- Department of Medical Oncology-Haematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Breast Centre, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Penelope Vounatsou
- Department Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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132
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Scherr CL, Lindor NM, Malo TL, Couch FJ, Vadaparampil ST. A preliminary investigation of genetic counselors' information needs when receiving a variant of uncertain significance result: a mixed methods study. Genet Med 2015; 17:739-46. [PMID: 25569439 PMCID: PMC4496326 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore genetic counselors' information preferences on reports of variant of uncertain significance (VUS) results from cancer genetic testing. METHODS This mixed methods report (quantitative and qualitative approaches) utilized a survey of genetic counselors containing closed- and open-ended questions to explore genetic counselors' information needs and perceptions of the industry's current information sharing practices. Descriptive statistics were calculated for responses to the closed-ended questions, and thematic analysis guided the interpretation of the open-ended questions. RESULTS Of the 267 participants (28.6% response rate), the majority indicated a perceived lack of information on VUS laboratory reports, were concerned about the perceived practice of withholding information, and stated the information they wanted to see. Although most did not indicate how additional information would be used, some reported they would provide information directly to patients, and others reported that the information would be used to contextualize the VUS result when counseling patients. CONCLUSION This analysis identified information that genetic counselors believe is needed in VUS reports, indicating what they believe are best practices in lieu of guidelines for laboratories currently providing genetic testing services. Future studies should explore how genetic counselors use additional information contained in VUS reports.Genet Med 17 9, 739-746.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Scherr
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Health Outcomes and Behavior, MRC-CANCONT, 12902 Magnolia Dr. Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Science Research, Collaborative Research Building, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Teri L. Malo
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Health Outcomes and Behavior, MRC-CANCONT, 12902 Magnolia Dr. Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Susan T. Vadaparampil
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Health Outcomes and Behavior, MRC-CANCONT, 12902 Magnolia Dr. Tampa, FL 33612
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Colditz GA, Bohlke K. Preventing breast cancer now by acting on what we already know. NPJ Breast Cancer 2015; 1:15009. [PMID: 28721366 PMCID: PMC5515195 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-specific rate of breast cancer rises rapidly through premenopausal years and significantly more slowly after menopause. Reproductive factors affect cell proliferation and the accumulation of genetic changes. Lifetime risk of breast cancer is linearly related to the length of the interval from menarche to first birth. Lifestyle changes that accompany industrialization, together with shifting reproductive patterns, drive up incidence rates. Prevention must begin early in the life as almost one-quarter of cases are diagnosed before age 50 in high-income countries. This requires greater emphasis on prevention across the life course to address the global burden of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kari Bohlke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
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134
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Haploinsufficiency for BRCA1 leads to cell-type-specific genomic instability and premature senescence. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7505. [PMID: 26106036 PMCID: PMC4491827 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although BRCA1 function is essential for maintaining genomic integrity in all cell types, it is unclear why increased risk of cancer in individuals harbouring deleterious mutations in BRCA1 is restricted to only a select few tissues. Here we show that human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) from BRCA1-mutation carriers (BRCA1(mut/+)) exhibit increased genomic instability and rapid telomere erosion in the absence of tumour-suppressor loss. Furthermore, we uncover a novel form of haploinsufficiency-induced senescence (HIS) specific to epithelial cells, which is triggered by pRb pathway activation rather than p53 induction. HIS and telomere erosion in HMECs correlate with misregulation of SIRT1 leading to increased levels of acetylated pRb as well as acetylated H4K16 both globally and at telomeric regions. These results identify a novel form of cellular senescence and provide a potential molecular basis for the rapid cell- and tissue- specific predisposition of breast cancer development associated with BRCA1 haploinsufficiency.
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McGuire A, Brown JAL, Malone C, McLaughlin R, Kerin MJ. Effects of age on the detection and management of breast cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:908-29. [PMID: 26010605 PMCID: PMC4491690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, breast cancer affects approximately 12% of women worldwide. While the incidence of breast cancer rises with age, a younger age at diagnosis is linked to increased mortality. We discuss age related factors affecting breast cancer diagnosis, management and treatment, exploring key concepts and identifying critical areas requiring further research. We examine age as a factor in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment relating it to factors such as genetic status, breast cancer subtype, hormone factors and nodal status. We examine the effects of age as seen through the adoption of population wide breast cancer screening programs. Assessing the incidence rates of each breast cancer subtype, in the context of age, we examine the observed correlations. We explore how age affects patient's prognosis, exploring the effects of age on stage and subtype incidence. Finally we discuss the future of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, examining the potential of emerging tests and technologies (such as microRNA) and how novel research findings are being translated into clinically relevant practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGuire
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Carmel Malone
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Ray McLaughlin
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the currently available genetic tests that identify hereditary risk for breast cancer. DATA SOURCES Systematic review of scientific literature, clinical practice guidelines, and data published by test manufacturers. CONCLUSION Changes in gene patent laws and advances in sequencing technologies have resulted in rapid expansion of genetic testing. While BRCA1/2 are the most recognized genes linked to breast cancer, several laboratories now offer multi-gene panels to detect many risk-related mutations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Genetic testing will be increasingly important in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Oncology and advanced practice nurses must understand risk factors, significance of various genetic tests, and patient counseling.
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Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic degradation process in which cellular proteins and
organelles are engulfed by double-membrane autophagosomes and degraded in lysosomes.
Autophagy has emerged as a critical pathway in tumor development and cancer therapy,
although its precise function remains a conundrum. The current consensus is that
autophagy has a dual role in cancer. On the one hand, autophagy functions as a tumor
suppressor mechanism by preventing the accumulation of damaged organelles and
aggregated proteins. On the other hand, autophagy is a key cell survival mechanism
for established tumors; therefore autophagy inhibition suppresses tumor progression.
Here, we summarize recent progress on the role of autophagy in tumorigenesis and
cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhi
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of
Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
CenterDallas, Texas
75390USA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, Texas
75390USA
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Lagrew DC, Jenkins TR. The future of obstetrics/gynecology in 2020: a clearer vision. Transformational forces and thriving in the new system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:28-33.e1. [PMID: 25173190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Revamping the delivery of women's health care to meet future demands will require a number of changes. In the first 2 articles of this series, we introduced the reasons for change, suggested the use of the 'Triple Aim' concept to (1) improve the health of a population, (2) enhance the patient experience, and (3) control costs as a guide post for changes, and reviewed the transformational forces of payment and care system reform. In the final article, we discuss the valuable use of information technology and disruptive clinical technologies. The new health care system will require a digital transformation so that there can be increased communication, availability of information, and ongoing assessment of clinical care. This will allow for more cost-effective and individualized treatments as data are securely shared between patients and providers. Scientific advances that radically change clinical practice are coming at an accelerated pace as the underlying technologies of genetics, robotics, artificial intelligence, and molecular biology are translated into tools for diagnosis and treatment. Thriving in the new system not only will require time-honored traits such as leadership and compassion but also will require the obstetrician/gynecologist to become comfortable with technology, care redesign, and quality improvement.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genomic science is developing rapidly, and engagement of public health professionals will be necessary to appraise new technologies and use them effectively. SOURCES OF DATA We use established domains of public health and draw on the literature and expert knowledge to illustrate how genomic technologies give rise to new applications. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Genomic technologies are useful in rare inherited disease, including population screening programmes, in health care and for surveillance, diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY It is less clear when and how genetic susceptibility testing will be used for common chronic disease prevention or protection from environmental hazards. GROWING POINTS Developments in public health practice will be necessary to ensure rapid and effective implementation of genomic science. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Public health researchers should address how to accelerate the implementation of genomics for health benefit in developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Burton
- PHG Foundation, 2 Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - C Jackson
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - I Abubakar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, Colindale, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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Parikh NR, Mandal A, Bhatia D, Siveen KS, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Oleanane triterpenoids in the prevention and therapy of breast cancer: current evidence and future perspectives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 13:793-810. [PMID: 25395898 PMCID: PMC4225818 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and major cause of death in women in the world. Emerging evidence underscores the value of dietary and non-dietary phytochemicals, including triterpenoids, in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Oleanolic acid, an oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid, is present in a large number of dietary and medicinal plants. Oleanolic acid and its derivatives exhibit several promising pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antipruritic, spasmolytic, antiallergic, antimicrobial and antiviral effects. Numerous studies indicate that oleanolic acid and other oleanane triterpenoids modulate multiple intracellular signaling pathways and exert chemopreventive and antitumor activities in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. A series of novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoids have been prepared by chemical modifications of oleanolic acid and some of these compounds are considered to be the most potent anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic triterpenoids. Accumulating studies provide extensive evidence that synthetic oleanane derivatives inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of various cancer cells in vitro and demonstrate cancer preventive or antitumor efficacy in animal models of blood, breast, colon, connective tissue, liver, lung, pancreas, prostate and skin cancer. This review critically examines the potential role of oleanolic acid, oleanane triterpenoids and related synthetic compounds in the chemoprevention and treatment of mammary neoplasia. Both in vitro and in vivo studies on these agents and related molecular mechanisms are presented. Several challenges and future directions of research to translate already available impressive preclinical knowledge to clinical practice of breast cancer prevention and therapy are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha R. Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA
| | - Animesh Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Deepak Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA
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Nrf2, the master redox switch: The Achilles' heel of ovarian cancer? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:494-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gray K, Gibbons P, Little D, Burns J. Bilateral clubfeet are highly correlated: a cautionary tale for researchers. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014; 472:3517-22. [PMID: 25024025 PMCID: PMC4182368 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-014-3776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital talipes equinovarus, or clubfoot, is a common pediatric orthopaedic condition of unknown origin. In many clubfoot clinical trials, interventions are assigned to a patient, but response to treatment is assessed separately in each foot. Trials commonly report x patients with y feet where y is greater than x (eg, 35 patients with 56 feet). However, common statistical tests assume that each data point is independent. Although data from unilateral cases of clubfoot are independent, it is unknown if each foot of patients with bilateral clubfeet are correlated. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation in the feet of patients with bilateral clubfeet by (1) evaluating the degree of severity between lower limbs of each patient with bilateral clubfeet at baseline; (2) determining if right and left feet of each patient responded to intervention in the same way; (3) determining the proportion of bilateral relapse; and (4) determining the proportion of right and left feet which required the same intervention to correct bilateral relapse. METHODS We performed a chart review of the records of 33 patients with bilateral clubfeet (66 feet). Baseline severity was assessed using the Pirani score. The number of Ponseti serial casts to correct the deformity, the proportion of patients who underwent bilateral Achilles tenotomy, the proportion of bilateral relapse, and the treatment to correct bilateral relapse were examined. RESULTS The degree of severity between right (Pirani score mean, 5.2; SD, 0.8) and left (Pirani score mean, 5.2; SD, 0.5) feet for each patient at baseline was highly correlated (r=0.76, p<0.001). Response to intervention between lower limbs was highly correlated for the number of Ponseti casts required for initial correction (right mean, 5.2, SD, 1.1; left mean, 5.2, SD, 1.3) (r=0.89, p<0.001) and the proportion of patients who underwent bilateral Achilles tenotomy (right, 17/18; left, 16/18) (r=0.94, p<0.001). In the nine patients who experienced relapse, eight experienced bilateral involvement. In all cases of bilateral relapse, the right and left foot of each patient required the same intervention to correct the relapse. CONCLUSIONS In patients with bilateral clubfeet, baseline severity, response to initial Ponseti treatment, Achilles tenotomy, and relapse outcomes were highly correlated in the right and left feet of each patient. Pooling clinical results of patients who present with bilateral clubfeet is statistically inappropriate, since results in two limbs of the same patient do not represent independent observations. These results support analogous work in other specialties suggesting that patients with bilateral presentations should not be analyzed as independent data points. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Gray
- Physiotherapy Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia,
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143
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Bansal C, Sharma KL, Misra S, Srivastava AN, Mittal B, Singh US. Common genetic variants in pre-microRNAs and risk of breast cancer in the North Indian population. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8:473. [PMID: 25374621 PMCID: PMC4208924 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2014.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short regulatory RNAs that can modulate gene expression and function as negative regulators. Common genetic variants like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes may alter their expression or maturation resulting in varied functional consequences in carcinogenesis. Therefore, we evaluated the genetic variants in pre-miRNAs: hsa-miR-146a G/C (rs2910164), hsa-miR-196a2 C/T (rs11614913), and hsa-miR-499 T>C (rs3746444) for their role in breast cancer susceptibility. Study design The study comprised 121 breast cancer patients, 115 with benign breast disease, and 164 controls. The genotypic frequency of miRNA polymorphisms was determined by PCR-RFLP assay. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis using SPSS Software version 15.0. In silico analysis was done using various bioinformatics tools (F-SNP, FAST-SNP). Results The heterozygous variant of miR-146a G/C (rs2910164) is associated with the reduced risk of breast cancer at the genotype level as well as at the allele level (p < 0.05, OR = 0.5) as compared to controls. On the contrary, no significant difference was observed in the distribution of miR-196a2 C/T (rs11614913) and miR-499 T>C (rs3746444) polymorphisms in any groups both at genotype and allele levels. On the other hand, in multivariate analysis, we found that the miR-196a2 (rs11614913) C>T was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer risk in postmenopausal females (p = 0.02, OR = 3.2). We also attempted to find out the risk of malignant breast disease in relation to each of the above SNPs on dividing our data on the basis of benign and malignant status, but no significant difference was observed. In silico analysis using F-SNP showed change in transcriptional regulation by miR-146a G/C (rs2910164), miR-196a2 C/T (rs11614913) and miR-499 T>C (rs3746444) variations; the functional score was 0.100, 0.065 and 0.277, respectively. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate that miR-146a G/C (rs2910164) polymorphism is associated with reduced genetic susceptibility to breast cancer. However, multivariate analysis showed as miR-196a2 (rs11614913) C>T to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer risk in postmenopausal females. Further multicentric studies involving a large number of cases need to be carried out to strengthen the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bansal
- Pathology Department, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India ; Pathology Department, Era's Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - K L Sharma
- Genetics Department, Sanjay Ghandi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - A N Srivastava
- Pathology Department, Era's Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Genetics Department, Sanjay Ghandi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow 226014, India
| | - U S Singh
- Pathology Department, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
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Bishayee A, Mandal A. Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. exerts chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. Mutat Res 2014; 768:107-118. [PMID: 24451939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to limited treatment options for advanced-stage metastatic breast cancer, a high priority should be given to develop non-toxic chemopreventive drugs. The value of various natural and dietary agents to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer is well established. Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. (Aizoaceae), a dietary and medicinal plant, has been found to exert antihepatotoxic and antihepatocarcinogenic properties in rodents. This study was initiated to investigate mechanism-based chemopreventive potential of an ethanolic extract of T. portulacastrum (TPE) against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiated rat mammary gland carcinogenesis, an experimental tumor model that closely resembles human breast cancer. Rats had access to a basal diet supplemented with TPE to yield three dietary doses of the extract, i.e., 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Following two weeks of TPE treatment, mammary tumorigenesis was initiated by oral administration of DMBA (50 mg/kg body weight). At the end of the study (16 weeks after DMBA exposure), TPE exhibited a striking reduction of DMBA-induced mammary tumor incidence, total tumor burden and average tumor weight and reversed intratumor histopathological alterations. TPE dose-dependently suppressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 expression, induced apoptosis, upregulated proapoptotic protein Bax, downregulated antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and diminished the expression of nuclear and cytosolic β-catenin in mammary tumors. Our results clearly provide the first experimental evidence that TPE exerts chemopreventive effect in the classical DMBA model of breast cancer by suppressing abnormal cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis mediated through alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Mechanistically, TPE is capable of diminishing activated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling to exhibit antiproliferative, proapoptotic and oncostatic effects during an early-stage breast cancer. These results may encourage further studies to explore full potential of T. portulacastrum phytoconstituents as breast cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA.
| | - Animesh Mandal
- Cancer Therapeutics and Chemoprevention Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Bitterman PB, Polunovsky VA. eIF4E-mediated translational control of cancer incidence. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:774-80. [PMID: 25263391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen activated translation initiation factor eIF4E mediates normal cell proliferation, yet induces tumorigenesis when deregulated and overexpressed. It remains unknown, how activated eIF4E directs such distinct biological outputs. Our experimental data provide evidence that distinct threshold levels of eIF4E govern its biological output in lactating mammary glands and that eIF4E overexpression in the context of cell population expansion can initiate malignant transformation by enabling cells to evade DNA damage checkpoints caused by hyperproliferative oncogenic stimuli. These findings point at the cellular level of eIF4E as an important sensor for normal or pro-neoplastic propagation of cells. Here, we describe a model that links the pro-neoplastic function of eIF4F to its ability to disable oncogene-activated tumor surveillance programs; and propose a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention based upon targeting aberrant eIF4E with safe doses of small-molecule antagonists to ensure the maintenance of eIF4E levels below the pro-neoplastic threshold. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translation and Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Bitterman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 276, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 276, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Vitaly A Polunovsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 276, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., MMC 276, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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146
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Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Long M, Fredslund SO, Bossi R, Olsen J. Breast cancer risk after exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Danish women: a case-control study nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:1439-48. [PMID: 25148915 PMCID: PMC4215104 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal studies have indicated that perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) increase mammary fibroadenomas. A recent case-control study in Greenlandic Inuit women showed an association between the PFAS serum levels and breast cancer (BC) risk. The present study evaluates the association between serum levels of PFAS in pregnant Danish women and the risk of premenopausal BC during a follow-up period of 10-15 years using prospectively collected exposure data during the pregnancy. METHODS Questionnaire and blood samples were taken during 1996-2002 and at the end of follow-up, all 250 BC cases and 233 frequency-matched controls were chosen for further analyses. Serum levels of ten perfluorocarboxylated acids, five perfluorosulfonated acids, and one sulfonamide (perflurooctane-sulfonamide, PFOSA) were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in negative mode. Computer-assisted telephone interviews taken during pregnancy provided data on potential confounders. RESULTS Weak positive and negative insignificant associations were found between BC risk and levels of perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), respectively. Grouped into quintile, the BC cases had a significant positive association with PFOSA at the highest quintiles and a negatively association for PFHxS. Sensitivity analyses excluding uncertain cases caused stronger data for PFOSA and weaker for PFHxS. No further significant associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study does not provide convincing evidence for a causal link between PFAS exposures and premenopausal BC risks 10-15 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Department of Public Health, Centre for Arctic Health & Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,
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Liu L, Zhou W, Cheng CT, Ren X, Somlo G, Fong MY, Chin AR, Li H, Yu Y, Xu Y, O'Connor STF, O'Connor TR, Ann DK, Stark JM, Wang SE. TGFβ induces "BRCAness" and sensitivity to PARP inhibition in breast cancer by regulating DNA-repair genes. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1597-609. [PMID: 25103497 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) proteins are multitasking cytokines, in which high levels at tumor sites generally correlate with poor prognosis in human patients with cancer. Previously, it was reported that TGFβ downregulates the expression of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) in breast cancer cells through an miRNA-mediated mechanism. In this study, expression of a panel of DNA-repair genes was examined, identifying breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) as a target downregulated by TGFβ through the miR181 family. Correlations between the expression levels of TGFβ1 and the miR181/BRCA1 axis were observed in primary breast tumor specimens. By downregulating BRCA1, ATM, and MSH2, TGFβ orchestrates DNA damage response in certain breast cancer cells to induce a "BRCAness" phenotype, including impaired DNA-repair efficiency and synthetic lethality to the inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Xenograft tumors with active TGFβ signaling exhibited resistance to the DNA-damaging agent doxorubicin but increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor ABT-888. Combination of doxorubicin with ABT-888 significantly improved the treatment efficacy in TGFβ-active tumors. Thus, TGFβ can induce "BRCAness" in certain breast cancers carrying wild-type BRCA genes and enhance the responsiveness to PARP inhibition, and the molecular mechanism behind this is characterized. IMPLICATIONS These findings enable better selection of patients with sporadic breast cancer for PARP interventions, which have exhibited beneficial effects in patients carrying BRCA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Ting Cheng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. City of Hope Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, California
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - George Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Miranda Y Fong
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Andrew R Chin
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. City of Hope Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, California
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | | | - Timothy R O'Connor
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Radiation Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, California. Department of Biotherapy and Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Pesce C, Liederbach E, Wang C, Lapin B, Winchester DJ, Yao K. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy provides no survival benefit in young women with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:3231-9. [PMID: 25081341 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) provides a disease-free and overall survival (OS) benefit in young women with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer. We utilized the National Cancer Data Base to evaluate CPM's survival benefit for young women with early -stage breast cancer in the years that ER status was available. METHODS We selected 14,627 women ≤45 years of age with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I-II breast cancer who underwent unilateral mastectomy or CPM from 2004 to 2006. Five-year OS was compared between those who had unilateral mastectomy and CPM using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 10,289 (70.3 %) women underwent unilateral mastectomy and 4,338 (29.7 %) women underwent CPM. Median follow up was 6.1 years. After adjusting for patient age, race, insurance status, co-morbidities, year of diagnosis, ER status, tumor size, nodal status, grade, histology, facility type, facility location, use of adjuvant radiation and chemohormonal therapy, there was no difference in OS in women <45 years of age who underwent CPM compared towith those who underwent unilateral mastectomy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93; p = 0.39). In addition, Tthere was no improvement in OS in women <45 years of age with T1N0 tumors who underwent CPM versus unilateral mastectomy (HR = 0.85; p = 0.37) after adjusting for the aforementioned factors. Among women ≤45 years of age with ER-negative tumors who underwent CPM, there was no improvement in OS compared with women who underwent unilateral mastectomy (HR = 1.12; p = 0.32) after adjusting for the same aforementioned factors. CONCLUSIONS CPM provides no survival benefit to young patients with early-stage breast cancer, and no benefit to ER-negative patients. Future studies with longer follow-up are required in this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pesce
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA,
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149
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Peng J, Wang T, Zhu H, Guo J, Li K, Yao Q, Lv Y, Zhang J, He C, Chen J, Wang L, Jin Q. Multiplex PCR/mass spectrometry screening of biological carcinogenic agents in human mammary tumors. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:255-9. [PMID: 25088618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many studies have suggested a possible link between breast cancer pathogenesis and infection by viruses, the role of viruses in breast carcinogenesis remains controversial. OBJECTIVES We analyzed the prevalence of 30 oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) and six polyomaviruses in breast tumor specimens. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed breast specimens from 100 breast cancer patients (group 1) and 50 benign breast disease patients (group 2) from Shaanxi Province in China. We also screened for the viruses in blood samples from the patients and 96 female blood donor volunteers (group 3). RESULTS EBV, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and HPV-18 were detected in 60, 14 and 2 breast cancer patients, respectively, and EBV and MCPyV were detected in 16 and 1 benign breast disease patients, respectively. EBV and MCPyV were more prevalent in group 1 than in group 2 (EBV: 60.0% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.0012; MCPyV: 14.0% vs. 2.0%; p = 0.02). In contrast, there was no difference in the prevalence of EBV and MCPyV in blood samples between group 1 and group 2, group 1 and group 3. EBV was detected in malignant breast tissue and its presence was confined to the malignant cells using in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS We found that EBV and MCPyV were more prevalent in the tumors of women with breast cancer than in samples from women with benign breast disease. Our results support an etiologic role for EBV in breast cancer pathogenesis in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Peng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Zhu
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Guo
- Agena Bioscience, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juliang Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang He
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghao Chen
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Lee E, Levine EA, Franco VI, Allen GO, Gong F, Zhang Y, Hu JJ. Combined genetic and nutritional risk models of triple negative breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:955-63. [PMID: 25023197 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.932397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents clinical challenges due to unknown etiology, lack of treatment targets, and poor prognosis. We examined combined genetic and nutritional risk models of TNBC in 354 breast cancer cases. We evaluated 18 DNA-repair nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and dietary/nutritional intakes. Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines models were used to select nutrients of interest and define cut-off values for logistic regression models. Our results suggest that TNBC was associated with 6 DNA-repair nsSNPs, ERCC4 R415Q (rs1800067), MSH3 R940Q (rs184967), MSH6 G39E (rs1042821), POLD1 R119H (rs1726801), XRCC1 R194W (rs1799782), and XPC A499V (rs2228000) and/or deficiencies in 3 micronutrients (zinc, folate, and β-carotene). Combined analyses of these 6 nsSNPs and 3 micronutrients showed significant association with TNBC: odds ratios = 2.77 (95% confidence interval = 1.01-7.64) and 10.89 (95% confidence interval = 3.50-33.89) for 2 and at least 3 risk factors, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to suggest that multiple genetic and nutritional factors are associated with TNBC, particularly in combination. Our findings, if validated in larger studies, will have important clinical implication that dietary modulations and/or micronutrient supplementations may prevent or reverse TNBC phenotype, so tumors can be treated with less toxic therapeutic strategies, particularly in genetically susceptible women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Lee
- a Department of Public Health Sciences and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , Florida , USA
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