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Effects of Lipoic Acid on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5093216. [PMID: 34650663 PMCID: PMC8510805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5093216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury often occurred in some pathologies and surgeries. I/R injury not only harmed to physiological functions of corresponding organ and tissue but also induced multiple tissue or organ dysfunctions (even these in distant locations). Although the reperfusion of blood attenuated I/R injury to a certain degree, the risk of secondary damages was difficult to be controlled and it even caused failures of these tissues and organs. Lipoic acid (LA), as an endogenous active substance and a functional agent in food, owns better safety and effects in our body (e.g., enhancing antioxidant activity, improving cognition and dementia, controlling weight, and preventing multiple sclerosis, diabetes complication, and cancer). The literature searching was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS from inception to 20 May 2021. It had showed that endogenous LA was exhausted in the process of I/R, which further aggravated I/R injury. Thus, supplements with LA timely (especially pretreatments) may be the prospective way to prevent I/R injury. Recently, studies had demonstrated that LA supplements significantly attenuated I/R injuries of many organs, though clinic investigations were short at present. Hence, it was urgent to summarize these progresses about the effects of LA on different I/R organs as well as the potential mechanisms, which would enlighten further investigations and prepare for clinic applications in the future.
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Comità S, Femmino S, Thairi C, Alloatti G, Boengler K, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Regulation of STAT3 and its role in cardioprotection by conditioning: focus on non-genomic roles targeting mitochondrial function. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:56. [PMID: 34642818 PMCID: PMC8510947 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the biggest challenges for cardiovascular researchers given the huge death toll caused by myocardial ischemic disease. Cardioprotective conditioning strategies, namely pre- and post-conditioning maneuvers, represent the most important strategies for stimulating pro-survival pathways essential to preserve cardiac health. Conditioning maneuvers have proved to be fundamental for the knowledge of the molecular basis of both IRI and cardioprotection. Among this evidence, the importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) emerged. STAT3 is not only a transcription factor but also exhibits non-genomic pro-survival functions preserving mitochondrial function from IRI. Indeed, STAT3 is emerging as an influencer of mitochondrial function to explain the cardioprotection phenomena. Studying cardioprotection, STAT3 proved to be crucial as an element of the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway, which converges on mitochondria and influences their function by cross-talking with other cardioprotective pathways. Clearly there are still some functional properties of STAT3 to be discovered. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the evidence that places STAT3 as a promoter of the metabolic network. In particular, we focus on the possible interactions of STAT3 with processes aimed at maintaining mitochondrial functions, including the regulation of the electron transport chain, the production of reactive oxygen species, the homeostasis of Ca2+ and the inhibition of opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Then we consider the role of STAT3 and the parallels between STA3/STAT5 in cardioprotection by conditioning, giving emphasis to the human heart and confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Saveria Femmino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy
| | | | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy.
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy.
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103
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Ryan F, Khoshnam SE, Khodagholi F, Ashabi G, Ahmadiani A. How cytosolic compartments play safeguard functions against neuroinflammation and cell death in cerebral ischemia. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1445-1467. [PMID: 34173922 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and disability globally. Neuronal damage following ischemic stroke is rapid and irreversible, and eventually results in neuronal death. In addition to activation of cell death signaling, neuroinflammation is also considered as another pathogenesis that can occur within hours after cerebral ischemia. Under physiological conditions, subcellular organelles play a substantial role in neuronal functionality and viability. However, their functions can be remarkably perturbed under neurological disorders, particularly cerebral ischemia. Therefore, their biochemical and structural response has a determining role in the sequel of neuronal cells and the progression of disease. However, their effects on cell death and neuroinflammation, as major underlying mechanisms of ischemic stroke, are still not understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the contribution of each organelle on these pathological processes after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Centre, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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104
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Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Sarbishegi M, Gorgich EAC. Withania coagulans extract attenuates oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of cerebellar purkinje neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1699-1708. [PMID: 33970396 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, consequences of oxidative stress (OS), and neuronal death in the susceptible brain areas including the cerebellum. Newly, remarkable attention has been paid to a natural diet with the capability to scavenge ROS. Withania coagulans root extract (WCE) is rich in components with antioxidants properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of WCE on cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) against OS-mediated apoptosis after I/R injury. In this experimental study 64 male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 16) as follows: control, sham, I/R, and WCE 1000 + I/R. I/R animals were pretreated with daily administration of hydro-alcoholic WCE (1000 mg/kg) or distilled water as a vehicle for 30 days before I/R injury. After 72 h, the animals were sacrificed, the cerebellum tissue was removed and used for biochemical (CAT, SOD, GPx, and MDA levels) and histopathological (Nissl and TUNEL staining) assays. Findings showed that the MDA level and the number of apoptotic neurons significantly increased and viable Purkinje neurons decreased in I/R injury (p < 0.05). Administration of 1000 mg/kg WCE reduced MDA level and enhanced antioxidants activity including CAT, SOD, and GPx significantly. In addition, intact surviving PCs increased. At the same time, TUNEL-positive neurons decreased significantly in the WCE pre-treated group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that WCE can counteract cerebral I/R-induced OS and associated neuronal death by enhancement of ROS scavenging and antioxidant capacity. It appears that pre-treatment with 1000 mg/kg WCE for thirty days can protect PCs against OS-mediated apoptosis after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Infection Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- Infection Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran.
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran.
| | - Maryam Sarbishegi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR, Iran
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105
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Huang H, Kuang X, Zhu X, Cheng H, Zou Y, Du H, Tang H, Zhou L, Zeng J, Liu H, Yan J, Long C, Shen H. Maintaining blood retinal barrier homeostasis to attenuate retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting the KEAP1/NRF2/ARE pathway with lycopene. Cell Signal 2021; 88:110153. [PMID: 34571190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) often results in intractable visual impairments, where blood retinal barrier (BRB) homeostasis mediated by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal microvascular endothelium (RME) is crucial. However, strategies targeting the BRB are limited. Thus, we investigated the inconclusive effect of lycopene (LYC) in retinal protection under I/R. LYC elevated cellular viability and reversed oxidative stress in aRPE-19 cells/hRME cells under I/R conditions based on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Molecular analysis showed that LYC promoted NRF2 expression and enhanced the downstream factors of the KEAP1/NRF2/ARE pathway: LYC increased the activities of antioxidants, including SOD and CAT, whereas it enhanced the mRNA expression of HO-1 (ho-1) and NQO-1 (nqo-1). The activation resulted in restrained ROS and MDA. On the other hand, LYC ameliorated the damage to retinal function and morphology in a mouse I/R model, which was established by unilateral ligation of the left pterygopalatine artery/external carotid artery and reperfusion. LYC promoted the expression of NRF2 in both the neural retina and the RPE choroid in vivo. This evidence revealed the potential of LYC in retinal protection under I/R, uncovering the pharmacological effect of the KEAP1/NRF2/ARE pathway in BRB targeting. The study generates new insights into scientific practices in retinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xielan Kuang
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Biobank of Eye, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuxiu Zou
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Han Du
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Han Tang
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jingshu Zeng
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chongde Long
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Huangxuan Shen
- State Key laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Biobank of Eye, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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106
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Fischesser DM, Bo B, Benton RP, Su H, Jahanpanah N, Haworth KJ. Controlling Reperfusion Injury With Controlled Reperfusion: Historical Perspectives and New Paradigms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:504-523. [PMID: 34534022 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211046674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac reperfusion injury is a well-established outcome following treatment of acute myocardial infarction and other types of ischemic heart conditions. Numerous cardioprotection protocols and therapies have been pursued with success in pre-clinical models. Unfortunately, there has been lack of successful large-scale clinical translation, perhaps in part due to the multiple pathways that reperfusion can contribute to cell death. The search continues for new cardioprotection protocols based on what has been learned from past results. One class of cardioprotection protocols that remain under active investigation is that of controlled reperfusion. This class consists of those approaches that modify, in a controlled manner, the content of the reperfusate or the mechanical properties of the reperfusate (e.g., pressure and flow). This review article first provides a basic overview of the primary pathways to cell death that have the potential to be addressed by various forms of controlled reperfusion, including no-reflow phenomenon, ion imbalances (particularly calcium overload), and oxidative stress. Descriptions of various controlled reperfusion approaches are described, along with summaries of both mechanistic and outcome-oriented studies at the pre-clinical and clinical phases. This review will constrain itself to approaches that modify endogenously-occurring blood components. These approaches include ischemic postconditioning, gentle reperfusion, controlled hypoxic reperfusion, controlled hyperoxic reperfusion, controlled acidotic reperfusion, and controlled ionic reperfusion. This review concludes with a discussion of the limitations of past approaches and how they point to potential directions of investigation for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetria M Fischesser
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bin Bo
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel P Benton
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Haili Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Newsha Jahanpanah
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin J Haworth
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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107
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Xu S, Xu J, Hao T, Yan Y, Zhang S, Li A, Shi C, Liu Q, Zhao J. Paeonol alleviates lipopolysaccharide‑induced hepatocytes injury through alteration of mitochondrial function and NF‑κB translocation. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:779. [PMID: 34498704 PMCID: PMC8436227 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe disease, with high mortality. Permanent organ damage caused by sepsis reduces the quality of life of surviving patients. The liver is an easily damaged organ in sepsis and sepsis-associated liver injury foretells a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, there are no effective treatments or drugs to solve this problem. Therefore, strategies or novel drugs are urgently required to protect against liver dysfunction in sepsis. In the present study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish a model of liver injury in vitro. The data demonstrated that pretreatment of L02 human normal hepatocytes with paeonol (PAE) alleviated LPS-induced cell injury and decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase, indicating a protective effect of PAE. Further experiments demonstrated that PAE increased LPS-decreased L02 cell viability, the levels of superoxide dismutase and Bcl-2 expression. PAE decreased LPS-increased cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species and the expression levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3. PAE decreased LPS-promoted mitochondrial depolarization and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In conclusion, PAE alleviated LPS-induced liver injury via alteration of mitochondrial function and NF-κB translocation. Therefore, PAE has potential for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhu Xu
- Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Holding Grp Co. Ltd., Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Dev Ctr, Xian, Shaanxi 710075, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Ting Hao
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Aihong Li
- Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Holding Grp Co. Ltd., Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Dev Ctr, Xian, Shaanxi 710075, P.R. China
| | - Chuandao Shi
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Qiling Liu
- Department of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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108
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Chi OZ, Theis T, Kumar S, Chiricolo A, Liu X, Farooq S, Trivedi N, Young W, Schachner M, Weiss HR. Adhesion molecule L1 inhibition increases infarct size in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion without change in blood-brain barrier disruption. Neurol Res 2021; 43:751-759. [PMID: 34057049 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1934311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural cell adhesion molecule L1CAM (L1) is involved in neuroprotection. To investigate a possible neuroprotective effect of L1 during ischemia, we determined whether blocking L1 with an antagonistic antibody would worsen the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. METHODS Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed in anesthetized rats. Five µg of antagonistic mouse IgG monoclonal L1 antibody 324 or non-immune control mouse IgG was applied on the ischemic-reperfused cortex during one hour of MCAO and two hours of reperfusion. At two hours of reperfusion, BBB permeability, size of infarct using tetrazolium staining, number of TUNEL-labeled apoptotic cells, and immunohistochemistry for expression of PTEN and p53 were studied. RESULTS The antagonistic L1 antibody 324 increased the percentage of cortical infarct area (+36%), but did not affect BBB permeability in the ischemic-reperfused cortex. The antagonistic L1 antibody increased number of apoptotic neurons and p53 expression, but decreased PTEN expression. CONCLUSION Functional antagonism of L1 increases infarct size by increasing numbers of apoptotic neurons without affecting BBB permeability during the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Our data suggest that L1 affects primarily the brain parenchyma rather than BBB during early stages of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and that endogenous brain L1 may be neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak Z Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Antonio Chiricolo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saad Farooq
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nishta Trivedi
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Wise Young
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Harvey R Weiss
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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109
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Pluta R, Czuczwar SJ, Januszewski S, Jabłoński M. The Many Faces of Post-Ischemic Tau Protein in Brain Neurodegeneration of the Alzheimer's Disease Type. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092213. [PMID: 34571862 PMCID: PMC8465797 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that post-ischemic brain neurodegeneration in humans and animals is associated with the modified tau protein in a manner typical of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology. Pathological changes in the tau protein, at the gene and protein level due to cerebral ischemia, can lead to the development of Alzheimer’s disease-type neuropathology and dementia. Some studies have shown increased tau protein staining and gene expression in neurons following ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Recent studies have found the tau protein to be associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier permeability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired neuronal function. In this review, we discuss the interrelationship of these phenomena with post-ischemic changes in the tau protein in the brain. The tau protein may be at the intersection of many pathological mechanisms due to severe neuropathological changes in the brain following ischemia. The data indicate that an episode of cerebral ischemia activates the damage and death of neurons in the hippocampus in a tau protein-dependent manner, thus determining a novel and important mechanism for the survival and/or death of neuronal cells following ischemia. In this review, we update our understanding of proteomic and genomic changes in the tau protein in post-ischemic brain injury and present the relationship between the modified tau protein and post-ischemic neuropathology and present a positive correlation between the modified tau protein and a post-ischemic neuropathology that has characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease-type neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Str. Pawińskiego, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-6086-540
| | - Stanisław J. Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Str. Jaczewskiego, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Str. Pawińskiego, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Str. Jaczewskiego, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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110
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Sarkaki A, Rashidi M, Ranjbaran M, Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A, Shabaninejad Z, Behzad E, Adelipour M. Therapeutic Effects of Resveratrol on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Nervous System. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3085-3102. [PMID: 34365594 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phenol compound produced by some plants in response to pathogens, infection, or physical injury. It is well-known that resveratrol has antioxidant and protective roles in damages potentially caused by cancer or other serious disorders. Thus, it is considered as a candidate agent for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Evidence has confirmed other bioactive impacts of resveratrol, including cardioprotective, anti-tumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, phytoestrogenic, and neuroprotective effects. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) can result in various disorders, comprising myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, which may continue to induce debilitating conditions and even mortality. In virtue of chronic ischemia or hypoxia, cells switch to anaerobic metabolism, giving rise to some dysfunctions in mitochondria. As the result of lactate accumulation, adenosine triphosphate levels and pH decline in cells. This condition leads cells to apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. However, restoring oxygen level upon reperfusion after ischemia by producing reactive oxygen species is an outcome of mitochondrial dysfunction. Considering the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol and neuronal injury that comes from IR, we focused on the mechanism(s) involved in IR injury in the nervous system and also on the functions of resveratrol in the protection, inhibition, and treatment of this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rashidi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mina Ranjbaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Behzad
- Neurology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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111
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Emam AM, Saad MA, Ahmed NA, Zaki HF. Vortioxetine mitigates neuronal damage by restricting PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Life Sci 2021; 283:119865. [PMID: 34358549 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Stroke has risen to the fifth and third most common causes of death in the United States and the rest of the world, respectively. Vortioxetine (VTX) is a multimodal antidepressant agent that balances 5-HT receptors and represses the serotonin transporter. Our study aimed to examine the neuroprotective impacts of VTX against cerebral ischemia caused by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA). MAIN METHODS Until the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induction, VTX (10 mg/kg/day) was taken orally for 14 days. Behavioral assessments were carried out 24 h after the MCAO technique. The hippocampal and cortical tissues of the brain were isolated to assess the histological changes and the levels of the biochemical parameters. KEY FINDINGS MCAO damage led to severe neurological deficits and histopathological damage. However, VTX improved MCAO-induced neurological deficits and ameliorated histopathological changes in both hippocampal and cortical tissues of MCAO rats. Western blot analysis showed increments of p-PERK, CHOP, ASK-1, NICD, HES-1, HES-5, and p-eIF2α expression levels in MCAO rats. Moreover, ELISA revealed an increase in the levels of ATF4, IRE1, Apaf-1, and HIF-1α, while VTX administration ameliorated most of these perturbations induced after MCAO injury. SIGNIFICANCE This research suggests that VTX could be a potent neuroprotective agent against ischemic stroke by inhibiting a variety of oxidative, apoptotic, inflammatory, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Emam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
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Mitochondrial Ferritin: Its Role in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081969. [PMID: 34440737 PMCID: PMC8393899 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2001, a new type of human ferritin was identified by searching for homologous sequences to H-ferritin in the human genome. After the demonstration that this ferritin is located specifically in the mitochondrion, it was called mitochondrial ferritin. Studies on the properties of this new type of ferritin have been limited by its very high homology with the cytosolic H-ferritin, which is expressed at higher levels in cells. This great similarity made it difficult to obtain specific antibodies against the mitochondrial ferritin devoid of cross-reactivity with cytosolic ferritin. Thus, the knowledge of the physiological role of mitochondrial ferritin is still incomplete despite 20 years of research. In this review, we summarize the literature on mitochondrial ferritin expression regulation and its physical and biochemical properties, with particular attention paid to the differences with cytosolic ferritin and its role in physiological condition. Until now, there has been no evidence that the alteration of the mitochondrial ferritin gene is causative of any disorder; however, the identified association of the mitochondrial ferritin with some disorders is discussed.
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113
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Mao S, Luo X, Li Y, He C, Huang F, Su C. Role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Associated Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Dysfunction in Takotsubo Syndrome. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 17:35-43. [PMID: 31870264 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666191223144715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a stress-induced cardiomyopathy, but the accurate cause of this syndrome is still unknown. METHODS β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) is used to establish the TTS rats model. TTS rats were treated with or without LY294002 or Rapamycin. The rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9C2 was subjected to infect with constitutively active Akt (myr-Akt) or dominant-negative mutant Akt (dn-Akt) and then, treated with ISO. Cell apoptosis was assessed using the Bax/ Bcl-2 ratio. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using dihydroethidium (DHE). Mitochondrial superoxide generation and membrane potential were assayed by MitoSOX and JC-1 fluorescence intensity. RESULTS ISO might induce the erratic acute cardiac dysfunction and overexpression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Moreover, it also increased the oxidative stress and apoptosis in TTS rats. The Akt inhibitor significantly reversed the cardiac injury effect, which triggered by ISO treatment. In H9C2 cells, the inhibition of Akt provides a protective role against ISO-induced injury by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION This study provided new insight into the protective effects of myocardial dysfunction in TTS rats via chronic inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR expression, which could reduce mitochondrial ROS and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor could be a therapeutic target to treat cardiovascular dysfunction induced by stress cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xianghong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Chaorong He
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Fuhua Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, JiangSu, 210006, China
| | - Cunhua Su
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, JiangSu, 210006, China
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Ko E, Poon MLS, Park E, Cho Y, Shin JH. Engineering 3D Cortical Spheroids for an In Vitro Ischemic Stroke Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3845-3860. [PMID: 34275269 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) spheroids composed of brain cells have shown great potential to mimic the pathophysiology of the brain. However, a 3D spheroidal brain-disease model for cerebral ischemia has not been reported. This study investigated an ultralow attachment (ULA) surface-mediated formation of 3D cortical spheroids using primary rat cortical cells to recapitulate the cerebral ischemic responses in stroke by oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD-R) treatment. Comparison between two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell culture models confirmed the better performance of the 3D cortical spheroids as normal brain models. The cortical cells cultured in 3D maintained their healthy physiological morphology of a less activated state and suppressed mRNA expressions of pathological stroke markers, S100B, IL-1β, and MBP, selected based on in vivo stroke model. Interestingly, the spheroids formed on the ULA surface exhibited striking aggregation dynamics involving active cell-substrate interactions, whereas those formed on the agarose surface aggregated passively by the convective flow of the media. Accordingly, ULA spheroids manifested a layered arrangement of neurons and astrocytes with higher expressions of integrin β1, integrin α5, N-cadherin, and fibronectin than the agarose spheroids. OGD-R-induced stroke model of the ULA spheroids successfully mimicked the ischemic response as evidenced by the upregulated mRNA expressions of the key markers for stroke, S100B, IL-1β, and MBP. Our study suggested that structurally and functionally distinct cortical spheroids could be generated by simply tuning the cell-substrate binding activities during dynamic spheroidal formation, which should be an essential factor to consider in establishing a brain-disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmin Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mong Lung Steve Poon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5253-5271. [PMID: 34275087 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and also a major cause of adult disability worldwide. Revascularization via reperfusion therapy is currently a standard clinical procedure for patients with ischemic stroke. Although the restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) is critical for the salvage of ischemic tissue, reperfusion can also, paradoxically, exacerbate neuronal damage through a series of cellular alterations. Among the various theories postulated for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, including the burst generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of autophagy, and release of apoptotic factors, mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to play an essential role in mediating these pathophysiological processes. Therefore, strict regulation of the quality and quantity of mitochondria via mitochondrial quality control is of great importance to avoid the pathological effects of impaired mitochondria on neurons. Furthermore, timely elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy is also crucial to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network, whereas intensive or excessive mitophagy could exacerbate cerebral I/R injury. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of mitochondrial quality control on cerebral I/R injury and introduce recent advances in the understanding of the possible signaling pathways of mitophagy and potential factors responsible for the double-edged roles of mitophagy in the pathological processes of cerebral I/R injury.
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Zhu C, Zhang C, Cui X, Wu J, Cui Z, Shen X. Trichosanthin inhibits cervical cancer by regulating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2779-2790. [PMID: 34233587 PMCID: PMC8806483 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1930335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on many studies, trichosanthin (TCS) has an antiviral effect that regulates immune response, and targets cancer cells to exert broad-spectrum anti-tumor pharmacological activities. It is speculated that TCS may be a potential natural active drug for preventing as well as treating cervical cancer. But the clearer impact along with underlying TCS mechanism on cervical cancer are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the function and potential mechanism of TCS in cervical cancer. We measured the viability of cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa & caski cells) using CCK-8 analysis, detected cell proliferation efficiency through Ki-67 staining, analyzed cell apoptosis rate via flow cytometry as well as annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, performed apoptosis-related protein expression through western blotting, evaluated cell migration along with invasion by wound as well as transwell assays, carried out MMP via JC-1 and Rh123 fluorescent probes, as well as detected intracellular ATP and ROS levels by flow cytometry, respectively, to evaluate the effects of TCS. We found that TCS inhibited viability along with proliferation, induced apoptosis, as well as inhibited HeLa & caski cell migration along with invasion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Additionally, TCS also reduced MMP, and the production of adenosine triphosphate, as well as induced the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species in cancer cell lines. In accordance with the present studies, TCS inhibits HeLa & caski cell proliferation along with migration but promotes their apoptosis, which may be mediated by regulating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224200, China
| | - Cuilan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224200, China
| | - Xiaoming Cui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224200, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224200, China
| | - Zhizhu Cui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224200, China
| | - Xiaojuan Shen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongtai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongtai, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224200, China
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Evaluating the Impact of Viola spathulata in A Rat Model of Brain Ischemia/Reperfusion by Influencing Expression Level of Caspase-3 and Cyclooxygenase-2. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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118
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Shi YJ, Sun LL, Ji X, Shi R, Xu F, Gu JH. Neuroprotective effects of oleanolic acid against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113785. [PMID: 34153323 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Stroke is among the most common causes of disability and death in highly developed countries and China. We sought to study the role of oleanolic acid in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. For the short-term effects of oleanolic acid (OA) against MCAO, mice administrated with OA (6 mg/kg /d) for 3 days before the injury were evaluated the infarct volume, neurological scores, blood brain barrier permeability and oxidative stress level, while for the long-term effects, MCAO mice were injected daily with OA for 6 weeks, followed by assessments of motor function, behavior and cerebral infarction area. RESULTS Pretreatment of oleanolic acid alleviated MCAO-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury as indicated by the significant decreases in cerebral infarction area and neurological symptom score at 24 h post injury, Evans blue leakage, expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and occludin, dihydroethidium fluorescence, and block malonaldehyde generation. In the long run, OA significantly reduced brain loss, enhanced the motor function, promoted the recovery of nerve function, and improved the learning and memory ability 9 weeks after the ischemia-reperfusion injury. OA also inhibited astrocytes proliferation and microglia activation, promoted the expression of synapse-related proteins, and increased the number of DCX+ cells in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS OA exhibits both short-term and long-term protective effects against the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. The short-term protective mechanism is related to the anti-oxidation of blood-brain barrier, while the long-term protective effect lies in neuroglia modulation, promotion of synaptic connection and neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin-Lin Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, China
| | - Ruirui Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China.
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, China.
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Shih HJ, Chang CY, Huang IT, Tsai PS, Han CL, Huang CJ. Testicular torsion-detorsion causes dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Andrology 2021; 9:1902-1910. [PMID: 34115449 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen quality impairment is a serious consequence of testicular torsion-detorsion. Adequate germ-cell mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation plays a crucial role in male fertility. Changes in cellular oxidative phosphorylation in testicular tissues after testicular torsion-detorsion remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether testicular torsion-detorsion induces alternations of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in testicular tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c male mice were divided into a Sham group and a testicular torsion-detorsion group. At the end of the procedure, the mice were euthanized, and their bilateral testicles were removed. Mitochondria morphology was evaluated through transmission electron microscopy. The cellular respiratory functions of germ cells were evaluated using a Seahorse analyzer assay. The proteome profiles in testicular tissues were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The differences in the expression levels of each component in the oxidative phosphorylation were revealed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. RESULTS Inner mitochondrial membrane disruption was found in ipsilateral twisted testicular mitochondria in the torsion-detorsion group but not in contralateral untwisted testes. The cellular respiratory function in germ cells was significantly decreased after testicular torsion-detorsion in ipsilateral twisted testes but not in contralateral untwisted testes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of ipsilateral twisted testicular tissue revealed that mitochondrial proteins were differentially expressed after testicular torsion-detorsion. Testicular torsion-detorsion induced downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and revealed alternations of specific proteins in the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Testicular torsion-detorsion produced mitochondria injury and dysregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in ipsilateral twisted testes. Different protein expressions were identified in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes with testicular torsion-detorsion; new therapeutic targets may be identified to restore the oxidative phosphorylation function of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Shih
- Department of Urology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Integrative Research Centre for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Tao Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Redcliffe Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Government, Redcliffe, Queensland, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Integrative Research Centre for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kritchenkov IS, Solomatina AI, Kozina DO, Porsev VV, Sokolov VV, Shirmanova MV, Lukina MM, Komarova AD, Shcheslavskiy VI, Belyaeva TN, Litvinov IK, Salova AV, Kornilova ES, Kachkin DV, Tunik SP. Biocompatible Ir(III) Complexes as Oxygen Sensors for Phosphorescence Lifetime Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:2898. [PMID: 34068190 PMCID: PMC8153025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of biocompatible near infrared phosphorescent complexes and their application in bioimaging as triplet oxygen sensors in live systems are still challenging areas of organometallic chemistry. We have designed and synthetized four novel iridium [Ir(N^C)2(N^N)]+ complexes (N^C-benzothienyl-phenanthridine based cyclometalated ligand; N^N-pyridin-phenanthroimidazol diimine chelate), decorated with oligo(ethylene glycol) groups to impart these emitters' solubility in aqueous media, biocompatibility, and to shield them from interaction with bio-environment. These substances were fully characterized using NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass-spectrometry. The complexes exhibited excitation close to the biological "window of transparency", NIR emission at 730 nm, and quantum yields up to 12% in water. The compounds with higher degree of the chromophore shielding possess low toxicity, bleaching stability, absence of sensitivity to variations of pH, serum, and complex concentrations. The properties of these probes as oxygen sensors for biological systems have been studied by using phosphorescence lifetime imaging experiments in different cell cultures. The results showed essential lifetime response onto variations in oxygen concentration (2.0-2.3 μs under normoxia and 2.8-3.0 μs under hypoxia conditions) in complete agreement with the calibration curves obtained "in cuvette". The data obtained indicate that these emitters can be used as semi-quantitative oxygen sensors in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya S. Kritchenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Anastasia I. Solomatina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Daria O. Kozina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Vitaly V. Porsev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Victor V. Sokolov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Marina V. Shirmanova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (M.M.L.); (A.D.K.); (V.I.S.)
| | - Maria M. Lukina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (M.M.L.); (A.D.K.); (V.I.S.)
| | - Anastasia D. Komarova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (M.M.L.); (A.D.K.); (V.I.S.)
| | - Vladislav I. Shcheslavskiy
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.V.S.); (M.M.L.); (A.D.K.); (V.I.S.)
- Becker&Hickl GmbH, Nunsdorfer Ring 7-9, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatiana N. Belyaeva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.N.B.); (I.K.L.); (A.V.S.); (E.S.K.)
| | - Ilia K. Litvinov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.N.B.); (I.K.L.); (A.V.S.); (E.S.K.)
| | - Anna V. Salova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.N.B.); (I.K.L.); (A.V.S.); (E.S.K.)
| | - Elena S. Kornilova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (T.N.B.); (I.K.L.); (A.V.S.); (E.S.K.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, Khlopina Str. 11, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniel V. Kachkin
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (I.S.K.); (A.I.S.); (D.O.K.); (V.V.P.); (V.V.S.)
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Anzell AR, Fogo GM, Gurm Z, Raghunayakula S, Wider JM, Maheras KJ, Emaus KJ, Bryson TD, Wang M, Neumar RW, Przyklenk K, Sanderson TH. Mitochondrial fission and mitophagy are independent mechanisms regulating ischemia/reperfusion injury in primary neurons. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:475. [PMID: 33980811 PMCID: PMC8115279 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are constitutive and complex systems that ensure a healthy mitochondrial network through the segregation and subsequent degradation of damaged mitochondria. Disruption of these systems can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and has been established as a central mechanism of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are integrated systems; however, the role of this relationship in the context of I/R injury remains unclear. To investigate this concept, we utilized primary cortical neurons isolated from the novel dual-reporter mitochondrial quality control knockin mice (C57BL/6-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(CAG-mCherry/GFP)Ganl/J) with conditional knockout (KO) of Drp1 to investigate changes in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagic flux during in vitro I/R injury. Mitochondrial dynamics was quantitatively measured in an unbiased manner using a machine learning mitochondrial morphology classification system, which consisted of four different classifications: network, unbranched, swollen, and punctate. Evaluation of mitochondrial morphology and mitophagic flux in primary neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation (OGD/R) revealed extensive mitochondrial fragmentation and swelling, together with a significant upregulation in mitophagic flux. Furthermore, the primary morphology of mitochondria undergoing mitophagy was classified as punctate. Colocalization using immunofluorescence as well as western blot analysis revealed that the PINK1/Parkin pathway of mitophagy was activated following OGD/R. Conditional KO of Drp1 prevented mitochondrial fragmentation and swelling following OGD/R but did not alter mitophagic flux. These data provide novel evidence that Drp1 plays a causal role in the progression of I/R injury, but mitophagy does not require Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Anzell
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15269 USA
| | - Garrett M. Fogo
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Zoya Gurm
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Sarita Raghunayakula
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Joseph M. Wider
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Kathleen J. Maheras
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Katlynn J. Emaus
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Timothy D. Bryson
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Madison Wang
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Robert W. Neumar
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- grid.254444.70000 0001 1456 7807Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Inhibition of miR-1224 suppresses hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes through targeting GPX4. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 121:104645. [PMID: 33989616 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have focused on the underlying role of miR-1224 in cardiomyocyte injury stimulated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In the current study, the rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9C2 was used to construct a H/R cell model to validate the cardioprotective effects of miR-1224. Data from the dual-luciferase assay revealed that the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was a direct target of miR-1224. Expression of miR-1224, determined using qRT-PCR, was remarkably increased while that of GPX4 protein, evaluated via western blotting, was significantly decreased in cardiomyocytes in response to H/R exposure. ROS generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy aldehydes (4-HNE), and H9C2 cell apoptosis were further evaluated following overexpression of miR-1224 or silencing of GPX4 in H9C2 cells. H9C2 cells under H/R conditions displayed increased synthesis of ROS, along with overexpression of miR-1224 and downregulation of GPX4. SOD activity was significantly decreased while concentrations of MDA and 4-HNE were markedly increased under H/R injury conditions. In addition, miR-1224 mimic or GPX4 siRNA plasmids dramatically enhanced H/R-mediated apoptosis, Bax expression and caspase-3 activity, with a concomitant reduction in Bcl-2 expression. Conversely, inhibition of miR-1224 exerted suppressive effects on oxidative stress and apoptosis in H9C2 cells under H/R conditions. Interestingly, silencing of GPX4 attenuated the negative effects of miR-1224 inhibition. Our results suggested that inhibition of miR-1224 caused resistance to H/R and diminished oxidative stress in vitro through targeting of GPX4.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To present a method enabling in vivo quantification of tissue membrane potential (ΔΨT), a proxy of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), to review the origin and role of ΔΨm, and to highlight potential applications of myocardial ΔΨT imaging. RECENT FINDINGS Radiolabelled lipophilic cations have been used for decades to measure ΔΨm in vitro. Using similar compounds labeled with positron emitters and appropriate compartment modeling, this technique now allows in vivo quantification of ΔΨT with positron emission tomography. Studies have confirmed the feasibility of measuring myocardial ΔΨT in both animals and humans. In addition, ΔΨT showed very low variability among healthy subjects, suggesting that this method could allow detection of relatively small pathological changes. In vivo assessment of myocardial ΔΨT provides a new tool to study the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and has the potential to serve as a new biomarker to assess disease stage, prognosis, and response to therapy.
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Wang P, Cui Y, Ren Q, Yan B, Zhao Y, Yu P, Gao G, Shi H, Chang S, Chang YZ. Mitochondrial ferritin attenuates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:447. [PMID: 33953171 PMCID: PMC8099895 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is becoming the most common cerebral disease in aging populations, but the underlying molecular mechanism of the disease has not yet been fully elucidated. Increasing evidence has indicated that an excess of iron contributes to brain damage in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) plays a critical role in iron homeostasis, the molecular function of FtMt in I/R remains unknown. We herein report that FtMt levels are upregulated in the ischaemic brains of mice. Mice lacking FtMt experience more severe brain damage and neurological deficits, accompanied by typical molecular features of ferroptosis, including increased lipid peroxidation and disturbed glutathione (GSH) after cerebral I/R. Conversely, FtMt overexpression reverses these changes. Further investigation shows that Ftmt ablation promotes I/R-induced inflammation and hepcidin-mediated decreases in ferroportin1, thus markedly increasing total and chelatable iron. The elevated iron consequently facilitates ferroptosis in the brain of I/R. In brief, our results provide evidence that FtMt plays a critical role in protecting against cerebral I/R-induced ferroptosis and subsequent brain damage, thus providing a new potential target for the treatment/prevention of ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanmei Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qianqian Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bingqi Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yashuo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 050200, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Honglian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Malott Hall 5044, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Shiyang Chang
- College of basic medicine, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
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Senthil K, Morgan RW, Hefti MM, Karlsson M, Lautz AJ, Mavroudis CD, Ko T, Nadkarni VM, Ehinger J, Berg RA, Sutton RM, McGowan FX, Kilbaugh TJ. Haemodynamic-directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation promotes mitochondrial fusion and preservation of mitochondrial mass after successful resuscitation in a pediatric porcine model. Resusc Plus 2021; 6:100124. [PMID: 34223382 PMCID: PMC8244484 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction is a key mediator of neurologic injury following cardiac arrest (CA) and is regulated by the balance of fusion and fission (mitochondrial dynamics). Under stress, fission can decrease mitochondrial mass and signal apoptosis, while fusion promotes oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. This study evaluates mitochondrial dynamics and content in brain tissue 24 h after CA between two cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) strategies. Interventions Piglets (1 month), previously randomized to three groups: (1) Std-CPR (n = 5); (2) HD-CPR (n = 5; goal systolic blood pressure 90 mmHg, goal coronary perfusion pressure 20 mmHg); (3) Shams (n = 7). Std-CPR and HD-CPR groups underwent 7 min of asphyxia, 10 min of CPR, and standardized post-resuscitation care. Primary outcomes: (1) cerebral cortical mitochondrial protein expression for fusion (OPA1, OPA1 long to short chain ratio, MFN2) and fission (DRP1, FIS1), and (2) mitochondrial mass by citrate synthase activity. Secondary outcomes: (1) intra-arrest haemodynamics and (2) cerebral performance category (CPC) at 24 h. Results HD-CPR subjects had higher total OPA1 expression compared to Std-CPR (1.52; IQR 1.02-1.69 vs 0.67; IQR 0.54-0.88, p = 0.001) and higher OPA1 long to short chain ratio than both Std-CPR (0.63; IQR 0.46-0.92 vs 0.26; IQR 0.26-0.31, p = 0.016) and shams. Citrate synthase activity was lower in Std-CPR than sham (11.0; IQR 10.15-12.29 vs 13.4; IQR 12.28-15.66, p = 0.047), but preserved in HD-CPR. HD-CPR subjects had improved intra-arrest haemodynamics and CPC scores at 24 h compared to Std-CPR. Conclusions Following asphyxia-associated CA, HD-CPR exhibits increased pro-mitochondrial fusion protein expression, preservation of mitochondrial mass, improved haemodynamics and superior neurologic scoring compared to Std-CPR. Institutional protocol number IAC 16-001023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaran Senthil
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Ryan W Morgan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Marco M Hefti
- University of Iowa, Division of Pathology, United States
| | | | - Andrew J Lautz
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Constantine D Mavroudis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, United States
| | - Tiffany Ko
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Neurology, United States
| | - Vinay M Nadkarni
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | | | - Robert A Berg
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Robert M Sutton
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Francis X McGowan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, United States
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Neuroprotective Phytochemicals in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687386. [PMID: 34007405 PMCID: PMC8102108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a challenging disease with high mortality and disability rates, causing a great economic and social burden worldwide. During ischemic stroke, ionic imbalance and excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are developed in a relatively certain order, which then activate the cell death pathways directly or indirectly via the promotion of organelle dysfunction. Neuroprotection, a therapy that is aimed at inhibiting this damaging cascade, is therefore an important therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Notably, phytochemicals showed great neuroprotective potential in preclinical research via various strategies including modulation of calcium levels and antiexcitotoxicity, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and BBB protection, mitochondrial protection and antiapoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy regulation, and regulation of neurotrophin release. In this review, we summarize the research works that report the neuroprotective activity of phytochemicals in the past 10 years and discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms and potential clinical applications of 148 phytochemicals that belong to the categories of flavonoids, stilbenoids, other phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Among them, scutellarin, pinocembrin, puerarin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, salvianolic acids, rosmarinic acid, borneol, bilobalide, ginkgolides, ginsenoside Rd, and vinpocetine show great potential in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. This review will serve as a powerful reference for the screening of phytochemicals with potential clinical applications in ischemic stroke or the synthesis of new neuroprotective agents that take phytochemicals as leading compounds.
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Ohsawa I. Biological Responses to Hydrogen Molecule and its Preventive Effects on Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:659-666. [PMID: 32981496 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200925123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because multicellular organisms do not have hydrogenase, H2 has been considered to be biologically inactive in these species, and enterobacteria to be largely responsible for the oxidation of H2 taken into the body. However, we showed previously that inhalation of H2 markedly suppresses brain injury induced by focal ischemia-reperfusion by buffering oxidative stress. Although the reaction constant of H2 with hydroxyl radical in aqueous solution is two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional antioxidants, we showed that hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction reacts with H2 at room temperature without a catalyst. Suppression of hydroxyl radical by H2 has been applied in ophthalmic surgery. However, many of the anti- inflammatory and other therapeutic effects of H2 cannot be completely explained by its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. H2 administration is protective in several disease models, and preculture in the presence of H2 suppresses oxidative stress-induced cell death. Specifically, H2 administration induces mitochondrial oxidative stress and activates Nrf2; this phenomenon, in which mild mitochondrial stress leaves the cell less susceptible to subsequent perturbations, is called mitohormesis. Based on these findings, we conclude that crosstalk between antioxidative stress pathways and the anti-inflammatory response is the most important molecular mechanism involved in the protective function of H2, and that regulation of the immune system underlies H2 efficacy. For further medical applications of H2, it will be necessary to identify the biomolecule on which H2 first acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuroh Ohsawa
- Biological Process of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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128
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salicin in a Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040629. [PMID: 33924188 PMCID: PMC8074613 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicin is a major natural compound of willow bark and displays diverse beneficial biological properties, such as antioxidant activity. However, little information available for the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemic brain injury has been reported. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury and its mechanisms in the hippocampus using a gerbil model of 5-min transient ischemia (TI) in the forebrain, in which a massive loss (death) of pyramidal neurons cells occurred in the subfield Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) among the hippocampal subregions (CA1-3) at 5 days after TI. To examine neuroprotection by salicin, gerbils were pretreated with salicin alone or together with LY294002, which is a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, once daily for 3 days before TI. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of salicin significantly protected CA1 pyramidal neurons against the ischemic injury. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of salicin significantly reduced the TI-induced increase in superoxide anion generation and lipid peroxidation in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after TI. The treatment also reinstated the TI-induced decrease in superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the CA1 pyramidal cells after TI. Moreover, salicin treatment significantly elevated the levels of phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), which is a major downstream target of PI3K, in the ischemic CA1. Notably, the neuroprotective effect of salicin was abolished by LY294002. Taken together, these findings clearly indicate that salicin protects against ischemic brain injury by attenuating oxidative stress and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway.
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Zhang H, Yu P, Lin H, Jin Z, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Jin H, Liu Z, Yang W, Zhang L. The Discovery of Novel ACA Derivatives as Specific TRPM2 Inhibitors that Reduce Ischemic Injury Both In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3976-3996. [PMID: 33784097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the limit of specific inhibitors impedes the development of TRPM2-targeted therapeutic agents. To discover more potent and selective TRPM2 inhibitors, 59 N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated using calcium imaging and electrophysiology approaches. Systematic structure-activity relationship studies resulted in some potent compounds inhibiting the TRPM2 channel with sub-micromolar half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Among them, the preferred compound A23 exhibited TRPM2 selectivity over TRPM8 and TRPV1 channels as well as phospholipase A2 and showed neuroprotective activity in vitro. Following pharmacokinetic studies, A23 was further evaluated in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in vivo, which significantly reduced cerebral infarction. These data indicate that A23 might serve as a useful tool for TRPM2-related research as well as a lead compound for the development of therapeutic agents for ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Peilin Yu
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Lin
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zefang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Plotnikov MB, Plotnikova TM. Tyrosol as a Neuroprotector: Strong Effects of a "Weak" Antioxidant. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:434-448. [PMID: 32379590 PMCID: PMC8206466 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200507082311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of neuroprotective agents for stroke is pathogenetically justified, but the translation of the results of preclinical studies of neuroprotectors into clinical practice has been a noticeable failure. One of the leading reasons for these failures is the one-target mechanism of their activity. p-Tyrosol (Tyr), a biophenol, is present in a variety of natural sources, mainly in foods, such as olive oil and wine. Tyr has a wide spectrum of biological activity: antioxidant, stress-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and many others. This review analyzes data on the neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and other kinds of Tyr activity as well as data on the pharmacokinetics of the substance. The data presented in the review substantiate the acceptability of tyr as the basis for the development of a new neuroprotective drug with multitarget activity for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Tyr is a promising molecule for the development of an effective neuroprotective agent for use in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk 634028, Russian Federation
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Zhang T, Li Z, Qin Z, Cao Y, Shan T, Fang Y, Tang L, Jia N, Jia J, Jin Z, Xu T, Li Y. Neuroprotection of Chikusetsu saponin V on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and the underlying mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153516. [PMID: 33639592 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and frequently unwanted alterations in mitochondrial structure and function are key aspects of the pathological cascade in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Chikusetsu saponin V (CHS V), a major component of saponins from Panax japonicas, can attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects and the possible underlying mechanism of CHS V on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS Mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and cultured cortical neurons exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were used as in vivo and in vitro models of cerebral ischemia, respectively. The neurobehavioral scores, infarction volumes, H&E staining and some antioxidant levels in the brain were evaluated. The occurrence of neuronal death was estimated. Total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as mitochondrial potential were measured using flow cytometry analysis. Mitochondrial structure and respiratory activity were also examined. Protein levels were investigated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CHS V effectively attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury, including improving neurological deficits, shrinking infarct volume and reducing the number of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, CHS V treatment remarkably increased antioxidant levels and reduced ROS levels and mitochondrial damage by enhancing the expression and deacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) by activating AMPK and SIRT-1, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that CHS V prevented CI/R injury by suppressing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage through the modulation of PGC-1α with AMPK and SIRT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhou Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tikun Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linqiao Tang
- Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Jia
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhaohui Jin
- Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Shah EJ, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH, Gurdziel K, Ruden DM. Inhibiting Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Downregulates Gene Transcription After Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2021; 12:628777. [PMID: 33790803 PMCID: PMC8005633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.628777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) caused by a sudden impact to the head alter behavior and impair physical and cognitive function. Besides the severity, type and area of the brain affected, the outcome of TBI is also influenced by the patient’s biological sex. Previous studies reporting mitochondrial dysfunction mainly focused on exponential reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial dynamics as a key player in the outcome to brain injury. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a near-infrared (NIR) light exposure on gene expression in a Drosophila TBI model. NIR interacts with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) of the electron transport chain to reduce mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization, attenuate ROS generation, and apoptosis. We subjected w1118 male and female flies to TBI using a high-impact trauma (HIT) device and subsequently exposed the isolated fly brains to a COX-inhibitory wavelength of 750 nm for 2 hours (hr). Genome-wide 3′-mRNA-sequencing of fly brains revealed that injured w1118 females exhibit greater changes in transcription compared to males at 1, 2, and 4 hours (hr) after TBI. Inhibiting COX by exposure to NIR downregulates gene expression in injured females but has minimal effect in injured males. Our results suggest that mitochondrial COX modulation with NIR alters gene expression in Drosophila following TBI and the response to injury and NIR exposure varies by biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta J Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Office of the Vice President of Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Kahles T, Poon C, Qian L, Palfini V, Srinivasan SP, Swaminathan S, Blanco I, Rodney-Sandy R, Iadecola C, Zhou P, Hochrainer K. Elevated post-ischemic ubiquitination results from suppression of deubiquitinase activity and not proteasome inhibition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2169-2183. [PMID: 32889561 PMCID: PMC7933347 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion increases intraneuronal levels of ubiquitinated proteins, but the factors driving ubiquitination and whether it results from altered proteostasis remain unclear. To address these questions, we used in vivo and in vitro models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, in which hippocampal slices were transiently deprived of oxygen and glucose to simulate ischemia followed by reperfusion, or the middle cerebral artery was temporarily occluded in mice. We found that post-ischemic ubiquitination results from two key steps: restoration of ATP at reperfusion, which allows initiation of protein ubiquitination, and free radical production, which, in the presence of sufficient ATP, increases ubiquitination above pre-ischemic levels. Surprisingly, free radicals did not augment ubiquitination through inhibition of the proteasome as previously believed. Although reduced proteasomal activity was detected after ischemia, this was neither caused by free radicals nor sufficient in magnitude to induce appreciable accumulation of proteasomal target proteins or ubiquitin-proteasome reporters. Instead, we found that ischemia-derived free radicals inhibit deubiquitinases, a class of proteases that cleaves ubiquitin chains from proteins, which was sufficient to elevate ubiquitination after ischemia. Our data provide evidence that free radical-dependent deubiquitinase inactivation rather than proteasomal inhibition drives ubiquitination following ischemia-reperfusion, and as such call for a reevaluation of the mechanisms of post-ischemic ubiquitination, previously attributed to altered proteostasis. Since deubiquitinase inhibition is considered an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism to shield proteins from oxidative damage, modulation of deubiquitinase activity may be of therapeutic value to maintain protein integrity after an ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kahles
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Carrie Poon
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Liping Qian
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Victoria Palfini
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Shilpa Swaminathan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ismary Blanco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Reunet Rodney-Sandy
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Karin Hochrainer
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Promotion of Momordica Charantia polysaccharides on neural stem cell proliferation by increasing SIRT1 activity after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:254-263. [PMID: 33647420 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The deacetylase SIRT1 has been reported to play a critical role in regulating neurogenesis, which may be an adaptive processes contributing to recovery after stroke. Our previous work showed that the antioxidant capacity of Momordica charantia polysaccharides (MCPs) could protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) after stroke. However, whether the protective effect of MCPs on I/R injury is related to neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation remains unclear. In the present study, we designed invivo and invitro experiments to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which MCPs promote endogenous NSC proliferation during cerebral I/R. Invivo results showed that MCPs rescued the memory and learning abilities of rats after I/R damage and enhanced NSC proliferation in the rat subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgrannular zone (SGZ) during I/R. Invitro experiments demonstrated that MCPs could stimulate the proliferation of C17.2 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. Further studies revealed that the proliferation-promoting mechanism of MCPs relied on increasing the activity of SIRT1, decreasing the level of acetylation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm, and then triggering the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus. These data provide experimental evidence that the up-regulation of SIRT1 activity by MCPs led to an increased cytoplasmic deacetylation of β-catenin, which promoted translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus to participate in the signaling pathway involved in NSC proliferation. The present study reveals that MCPs function as a therapeutic drug to promote stroke recovery by increasing the activity of SIRT1, decreasing the level of acetylated β-catenin, promoting the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and thereby increasing endogenous NSC proliferation.
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Intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a means of tissue revitalization. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:65. [PMID: 33589598 PMCID: PMC7884415 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival, the mitochondrion frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various stresses and energy demands. In addition to intracellular changes, mitochondria can also be transferred intercellularly. Besides restoring stressed cells and damaged tissues due to mitochondrial dysfunction, the intercellular mitochondrial transfer also occurs under physiological conditions. In this review, the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer is described according to its function under both physiological and pathological conditions, including tissue homeostasis, damaged tissue repair, tumor progression, and immunoregulation. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to this process are summarized, such as the trigger factors and transfer routes. Furthermore, various perspectives are explored to better understand the mysteries of cell-cell mitochondrial trafficking. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for mitochondria-targeted application to rescue tissue damage and degeneration, as well as the inhibition of tumor progression, are discussed.
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Carinci M, Vezzani B, Patergnani S, Ludewig P, Lessmann K, Magnus T, Casetta I, Pugliatti M, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Different Roles of Mitochondria in Cell Death and Inflammation: Focusing on Mitochondrial Quality Control in Ischemic Stroke and Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020169. [PMID: 33572080 PMCID: PMC7914955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are among the main hallmarks of several brain diseases, including ischemic stroke. An insufficient supply of oxygen and glucose in brain cells, primarily neurons, triggers a cascade of events in which mitochondria are the leading characters. Mitochondrial calcium overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) release place mitochondria in the center of an intricate series of chance interactions. Depending on the degree to which mitochondria are affected, they promote different pathways, ranging from inflammatory response pathways to cell death pathways. In this review, we will explore the principal mitochondrial molecular mechanisms compromised during ischemic and reperfusion injury, and we will delineate potential neuroprotective strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carinci
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Bianca Vezzani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (P.L.); (K.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Katrin Lessmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (P.L.); (K.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (P.L.); (K.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (B.V.); (S.P.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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4'- O-methylpyridoxine: Preparation from Ginkgo biloba Seeds and Cytotoxicity in GES-1 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020095. [PMID: 33530619 PMCID: PMC7912177 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba seeds are wildly used in the food and medicine industry. It has been found that 4′-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) is responsible for the poisoning caused by G. biloba seeds. The objective of this study was to explore and optimize the extraction method of MPN from G. biloba seeds, and investigate its toxic effect on human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) and the potential related mechanisms. The results showed that the extraction amount of MPN was 1.933 μg/mg, when extracted at 40 °C for 100 min, with the solid–liquid ratio at 1:10. MPN inhibited the proliferation of GES-1 cells, for which the inhibition rate was 38.27% when the concentration of MPN was 100 μM, and the IC50 value was 127.80 μM; meanwhile, the cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase. High concentration of MPN (100 μM) had significant effects on the nucleus of GES-1 cells, and the proportion of apoptotic cells reached 43.80%. Furthermore, the Western blotting analysis showed that MPN could reduce mitochondrial membrane potential by increasing the expression levels of apoptotic proteins Caspase 8 and Bax in GES-1 cells. In conclusion, MPN may induce apoptosis in GES-1 cells, which leads to toxicity in the human body.
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138
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Danladi J, Sabir H. Perinatal Infection: A Major Contributor to Efficacy of Cooling in Newborns Following Birth Asphyxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020707. [PMID: 33445791 PMCID: PMC7828225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a global burden, as more than 90% of NE occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Perinatal infection seems to limit the neuroprotective efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia. Efforts made to use therapeutic hypothermia in LMICs treating NE has led to increased neonatal mortality rates. The heat shock and cold shock protein responses are essential for survival against a wide range of stressors during which organisms raise their core body temperature and temporarily subject themselves to thermal and cold stress in the face of infection. The characteristic increase and decrease in core body temperature activates and utilizes elements of the heat shock and cold shock response pathways to modify cytokine and chemokine gene expression, cellular signaling, and immune cell mobilization to sites of inflammation, infection, and injury. Hypothermia stimulates microglia to secret cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), which triggers NF-κB, controlling multiple inflammatory pathways, including nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signaling. Brain responses through changes in heat shock protein and cold shock protein transcription and gene-expression following fever range and hyperthermia may be new promising potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibrin Danladi
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Odorcyk FK, Ribeiro RT, Roginski AC, Duran-Carabali LE, Couto-Pereira NS, Dalmaz C, Wajner M, Netto CA. Differential Age-Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis Induced by Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in the Immature Rat Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2297-2308. [PMID: 33417220 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is among the main causes of mortality and morbidity in newborns. Experimental studies show that the immature rat brain is less susceptible to HI injury, suggesting that changes that occur during the first days of life drastically alter its susceptibility. Among the main developmental changes observed is the mitochondrial function, namely, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory complex (RC) activities. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the influence of neonatal HI on mitochondrial functions, redox homeostasis, and cell damage at different postnatal ages in the hippocampus of neonate rats. For this purpose, animals were divided into four groups: sham postnatal day 3 (ShP3), HIP3, ShP11, and HIP11. We initially observed increased apoptosis in the HIP11 group only, indicating a higher susceptibility of these animals to brain injury. Mitochondrial damage, as determined by flow cytometry showing mitochondrial swelling and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, was also demonstrated only in the HIP11 group. This was consistent with the decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, reduced TCA cycle enzymes, and RC activities and induction of oxidative stress in this group of animals. Considering that HIP3 and the sham animals showed no alteration of mitochondrial functions, redox homeostasis, and showed no apoptosis, our data suggest an age-dependent vulnerability of the hippocampus to hypoxia-ischemia. The present results highlight age-dependent metabolic differences in the brain of neonate rats submitted to HI indicating that different treatments might be needed for HI newborns with different gestational ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Kawa Odorcyk
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - R T Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A C Roginski
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L E Duran-Carabali
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - N S Couto-Pereira
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Dalmaz
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Wajner
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pereira CPM, Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Prado PS, Name JJ. Antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory mechanisms of action of astaxanthin in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:37-48. [PMID: 33155666 PMCID: PMC7723678 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases; thus, anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant agents that modulate redox balance have become research targets so as to evaluate their molecular mechanisms of action and therapeutic properties. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid of the xanthophyll group, has potent antioxidant properties due to its molecular structure and its arrangement in the plasma membrane, factors that favor the neutralization of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This carotenoid also has prominent anti‑inflammatory activity, possibly interrelated with its antioxidant effect, and is also involved in the modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Considering the potential beneficial effects of astaxanthin on cardiovascular health evidenced by preclinical and clinical studies, the aim of the present review was to describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties of this carotenoid in cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis. The beneficial properties and safety profile of astaxanthin indicate that this compound may be used for preventing progression or as an adjuvant in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo, SP 01311-100
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Fukuda S, Koga Y, Fujita M, Suehiro E, Kaneda K, Oda Y, Ishihara H, Suzuki M, Tsuruta R. Hyperoxemia during the hyperacute phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcome: a retrospective observational study. J Neurosurg 2021; 134:25-32. [PMID: 31731268 DOI: 10.3171/2019.9.jns19781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The harmful effects of hyperoxemia have been reported in critically ill patients with various disorders, including those with brain injuries. However, the effect of hyperoxemia on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients is unclear. In this study the authors aimed to determine whether hyperoxemia during the hyperacute or acute phase in patients with aSAH is associated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor neurological outcome. METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, data from patients with aSAH treated between January 2011 and June 2017 were reviewed. The patients were classified into groups according to whether they experienced DCI (DCI group and non-DCI group) and whether they had a poor outcome at discharge (poor outcome group and favorable outcome group). The background characteristics and time-weighted average (TWA) PaO2 during the first 24 hours after arrival at the treatment facility (TWA24h-PaO2) and between the first 24 hours after arrival and day 6 (TWA6d-PaO2), the hyperacute and acute phases, respectively, were compared between the groups. Factors related to DCI and poor outcome were evaluated with logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Of 197 patients with aSAH, 42 patients experienced DCI and 82 patients had a poor outcome at discharge. TWA24h-PaO2 was significantly higher in the DCI group than in the non-DCI group (186 [141-213] vs 161 [138-192] mm Hg, p = 0.029) and in the poor outcome group than in the favorable outcome group (176 [154-205] vs 156 [136-188] mm Hg, p = 0.004). TWA6d-PaO2 did not differ significantly between the groups. Logistic regression analyses revealed that higher TWA24h-PaO2 was an independent risk factor for DCI (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17, p = 0.037) and poor outcome (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.29, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Hyperoxemia during the first 24 hours was associated with DCI and a poor outcome in patients with aSAH. Excessive oxygen therapy might have an adverse effect in the hyperacute phase of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Fukuda
- 1Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi; and
| | - Yasutaka Koga
- 1Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi; and
| | | | - Eiichi Suehiro
- 1Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi; and
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kaneda
- 1Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi; and
| | | | - Hideyuki Ishihara
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Suzuki
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsuruta
- 1Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi; and
- 2Acute and General Medicine and
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Torres-López L, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Phenolic Compounds Cannabidiol, Curcumin and Quercetin Cause Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Suppress Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E204. [PMID: 33379175 PMCID: PMC7795267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer activity of different phenols is documented, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recently, we have shown that cannabidiol kills the cells of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by a direct interaction with mitochondria, with their consequent dysfunction. In the present study, cytotoxic effects of several phenolic compounds against human the T-ALL cell line Jurkat were tested by means of resazurin-based metabolic assay. To unravel underlying mechanisms, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) and [Ca2+]m measurements were undertaken, and reactive oxygen species generation and cell death were evaluated by flow cytometry. Three out of eight tested phenolics, cannabidiol, curcumin and quercetin, which displayed a significant cytotoxic effect, also dissipated the ∆Ψm and induced a significant [Ca2+]m increase, whereas inefficient phenols did not. Dissipation of the ∆Ψm by cannabidiol was prevented by cyclosporine A and reverted by Ru360, inhibitors of the permeation transition pore and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, respectively. Ru360 prevented the phenol-induced [Ca2+]m rise, but neither cyclosporine A nor Ru360 affected the curcumin- and quercetin-induced ∆Ψm depolarization. Ru360 impeded the curcumin- and cannabidiol-induced cell death. Thus, all three phenols exert their antileukemic activity via mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, whereas curcumin and quercetin suppress the metabolism of leukemic cells by direct mitochondrial uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Villa de San Sebastián, 28045 Colima, Mexico; (M.O.-A.); (L.T.-L.)
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Villa de San Sebastián, 28045 Colima, Mexico; (M.O.-A.); (L.T.-L.)
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143
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Matveev DV, Kuznetsov MR, Matveev AD, Evteev AV, Fedorov EE. [Reperfusion syndrome: state of the art]. ANGIOLOGII︠A︡ I SOSUDISTAI︠A︡ KHIRURGII︠A︡ = ANGIOLOGY AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 26:176-183. [PMID: 33332321 DOI: 10.33529/angio2020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion syndrome is a complex series of clinical manifestations resulting from restoration of blood flow to previously ischaemic tissues. It is accompanied by damage to cells, tissues and organs at various levels, followed by the development of multiple organ failure. This review deals with the main pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of reperfusion syndrome in lesions of cardiac, cerebral and lower-limb vessels. Oxidative stress is considered to be the most important marker of ischaemia-reperfusion injury irrespective of the type of tissues affected. Presented herein are the data on contemporary possibilities of influencing various stages and components of the development of reperfusion injury by means of drug therapy, demonstrating that due to the importance of oxidative stress as a key link of reperfusion injury, antioxidant therapy should be the main component of prevention and treatment of reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Matveev
- Department of Surgery, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - M R Kuznetsov
- Institute of Cluster Oncology named after L.L. Levshin, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Matveev
- Department of Surgery, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Evteev
- Scientific Company "Flamena", Reutov, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - E E Fedorov
- Surgical Department #1, Municipal Clinical Hospital #29 named after N.E. Bauman, Moscow, Russia
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144
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Shahabadi N, Razlansari M. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of novel Cu(II) complex containing zonisamide drug: DNA interaction by multi spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4682-4696. [PMID: 33331248 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1861979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the Cu(II) complex with Zonisamide (ZNS) and 1, 10-Phenanthroline (Phen) ligands as an anticancer metallodrug was synthesized and characterized successfully by FT-IR, mass spectrometry, TGA, XPS, AAS, CHNSO, magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity. The interaction of Cu(II) complex with DNA was explored through a multi-spectroscopic approach such as fluorescence, UV-vis spectrophotometry, CD spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. Molecular docking simulation was carried out to gain a deeper insight into the target site of DNA which interacted with the mentioned complex. The competitive binding tests with Hoechst 33258 showed that [CuCl2(ZNS)(Phen)EtOH].H2O can bind to the groove site of DNA. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔS° = +201.15 J mol-1K-1 and ΔH° = +41.32 kJ mol-1 confirm that the hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding play an essential role in the binding process. The experimental and molecular modeling results demonstrate that the Cu(II) complex binds to DNA through major groove binding. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxic effects of [CuCl2(ZNS)(Phen)EtOH].H2O against B92 cancer cell lines showed better activity in Cu(II) complex in comparison to free ZNS. Therefore, [CuCl2(ZNS)(Phen)EtOH].H2O can open a new horizon in the treatment of glioma cancer by ZNS metallodrugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Shahabadi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahtab Razlansari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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145
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Wang Z, He C, Shi JS. Natural Products for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5790-5828. [PMID: 31131744 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190527120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are the common neurodegenerative diseases, which typically occur in people over the age of 60. With the rapid development of an aged society, over 60 million people worldwide are suffering from these uncurable diseases. Therefore, the search for new drugs and therapeutic methods has become an increasingly important research topic. Natural products especially those from the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), are the most important sources of drugs, and have received extensive interest among pharmacist. In this review, in order to facilitate further chemical modification of those useful natural products by pharmacists, we will bring together recent studies in single natural compound from TCMs with neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China.,Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China.,Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China
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146
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Qiu H, Qian T, Wu T, Wang X, Zhu C, Chen C, Wang L. Umbilical cord blood cells for the treatment of preterm white matter injury: Potential effects and treatment options. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:778-792. [PMID: 33207392 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a global public health problem. A large number of preterm infants survive with preterm white matter injury (PWMI), which leads to neurological deficits, and has multifaceted etiology, clinical course, monitoring, and outcomes. The principal upstream insults leading to PWMI initiation are hypoxia-ischemia and infection and/or inflammation and the key target cells are late oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Current PWMI treatments are mainly supportive, and thus have little effect in terms of protecting the immature brain or repairing injury to improve long-term outcomes. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells comprise abundant immunomodulatory and stem cells, which have the potential to reduce brain injury, mainly due to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms, and also through their release of neurotrophic or growth factors to promote endogenous neurogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize PWMI pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and the specific properties of different cell types in UCB. We further explore the potential mechanism by which UCB can be used to treat PWMI, and discuss the advantages of and potential issues related to UCB cell therapy. Finally, we suggest potential future studies of UCB cell therapy in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laishuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases of Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, National Children's Medical Center/Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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147
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Morse PT, Goebel DJ, Wan J, Tuck S, Hakim L, Hüttemann CL, Malek MH, Lee I, Sanderson TH, Hüttemann M. Cytochrome c oxidase-modulatory near-infrared light penetration into the human brain: Implications for the noninvasive treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:554-567. [PMID: 33166061 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared light (IRL) has been evaluated as a therapeutic for a variety of pathological conditions, including ischemia/reperfusion injury of the brain, which can be caused by an ischemic stroke or cardiac arrest. Strategies have focused on modulating the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which has copper centers that broadly absorb IRL between 700 and 1,000 nm. We have recently identified specific COX-inhibitory IRL wavelengths that are profoundly neuroprotective in rodent models of brain ischemia/reperfusion through the following mechanism: COX inhibition by IRL limits mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization during reperfusion, which otherwise causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death. Prior to clinical application of IRL on humans, IRL penetration must be tested, which may be wavelength dependent. In the present study, four fresh (unfixed) cadavers and isolated cadaver tissues were used to examine the transmission of infrared light through human biological tissues. We conclude that the transmission of 750 and 940 nm IRL through 4 cm of cadaver head supports the viability of IRL to treat human brain ischemia/reperfusion injury and is similar for skin with different skin pigmentation. We discuss experimental difficulties of working with fresh cadavers and strategies to overcome them as a guide for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dennis J Goebel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Samuel Tuck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lara Hakim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charlotte L Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Moh H Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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148
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Xin D, Quan R, Zeng L, Xu C, Tang Y. Lipoxin A4 protects rat skin flaps against ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammatory response induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1086. [PMID: 33145305 PMCID: PMC7575949 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of skin flap is a complex pathophysiological process involving many cells and factors. Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell apoptosis and inflammatory response are of immense importance in the skin flap ischemia, the treatment for I/R injury induced by ER stress is barely reported. Methods Healthy male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated group, I/R model group and I/R + LXA4 group. I/R-induced injury in skin flaps with or without pre-treatment of Lipoxin A4 (LXA4, 100 µg/kg) was tested by using HE and TUNEL staining. Related factors associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ER stress were tested by ELISA, biochemical assay, and western blotting, respectively. Results Our results showed that LXA4 treatment significantly promotes skin flap survival and attenuates I/R injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory factor release, evidenced by the decreased expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NF-κBp65, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), ET, active Caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulated superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) level and Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, LXA4 treatment also reverses the increased expression of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP induced by I/R injury. Conclusions In conclusion, we showed that ER stress causes cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, resulting in the skin flaps injury. LXA4 exhibits a protective effect on skin flaps against I/R injury through the inhibition of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renfu Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linru Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Canda Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanghua Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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149
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Liu F, Zhang L, Li F, Zhang X, Zou L, Chai J, Xin X, Xu J, Zhang G. A noteworthy interface-targeting fluorescent probe for long-term tracking mitochondria and visualizing mitophagy. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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150
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Su XT, Wang L, Ma SM, Cao Y, Yang NN, Lin LL, Fisher M, Yang JW, Liu CZ. Mechanisms of Acupuncture in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Treating Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7875396. [PMID: 33178387 PMCID: PMC7644298 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7875396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the major type of cerebrovascular disease usually resulting in death or disability among the aging population globally. Oxidative stress has been closely linked with ischemic stroke. Disequilibrium between excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inherent antioxidant capacity leads to subsequent oxidative damage in the pathological progression of ischemic brain injury. Acupuncture has been applied widely in treating cerebrovascular diseases from time immemorial in China. This review mainly lays stress on the evidence to illuminate the possible mechanisms of acupuncture therapy in treating ischemic stroke through regulating oxidative stress. We found that by regulating a battery of molecular signaling pathways involved in redox modulation, acupuncture not only activates the inherent antioxidant enzyme system but also inhibits the excessive generation of ROS. Acupuncture therapy possesses the potential in alleviating oxidative stress caused by cerebral ischemia, which may be linked with the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Su
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ming Ma
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Lin
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Marc Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Acupuncture Research Center, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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