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Driller MW, Lastella M, Sharp AP. Individualized sleep education improves subjective and objective sleep indices in elite cricket athletes: A pilot study. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2121-2125. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1616900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Driller
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Michele Lastella
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Sharp
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ) at AUT Millennium, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- New Zealand Cricket High Performance, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Partial-body cryostimulation after training improves sleep quality in professional soccer players. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:141. [PMID: 30876470 PMCID: PMC6419922 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether using cryostimulation (partial-body cryostimulation) impacts sleep quality in professional soccer players. Different exposure durations at − 180 °C were tested randomly after standardized training sessions in nine professional soccer players (no cryostimulation, 180-s exposure, two 90-s exposures separated by a 5-min rest at room temperature, and 90-s exposure), and the effects on sleep quality using 3-dimensional accelerometers worn during sleep were assessed. Results The number of movements during the night after partial-body cryostimulation was significantly reduced only in the 180-s exposure condition (p < 0.05, very large effect size) compared with the control condition. Partial-body cryostimulation seems to induce a positive impact on sleep quality that may be dose-dependent. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12619000330145, date of registration: 4/03/2019. Retrospectively registered
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103
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Sleep practices implemented by team sport coaches and sports science support staff: A potential avenue to improve athlete sleep? J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:748-752. [PMID: 30685228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aims of the present study were to assess the sleep hygiene knowledge of high performance team sport coaches and sports science support staff; the sleep practices these individuals implement with athletes; and the barriers to the more frequent use of these practices. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. METHODS A sample of 86 Australian coaches and sports science support staff working within high performance team sport volunteered to complete a four-part questionnaire, including the Sleep Beliefs Survey used to assess sleep hygiene knowledge. RESULTS Overall sleep hygiene knowledge was adequate (15.3±2.9, score range 0-20; mean±SD), however knowledge of sleep-wake cycle behaviours (score 4.9±1.6 out of 7) and thoughts and attitudes about sleep (3.6±1.0 out of 5) were inadequate. Over half (56%) of coaches and support staff had monitored athlete sleep, while 43% had promoted sleep hygiene. Lack of resources (response range 44-60%) and knowledge (16-41%) were the two main barriers to the implementation of sleep monitoring and sleep hygiene practices. CONCLUSIONS Team sport coaches and sports science support staff have adequate overall sleep hygiene knowledge, yet some specific areas (e.g. sleep-wake cycle behaviours) warrant improvement. There appear to be limited sleep practices implemented with athletes, particularly regarding the promotion of sleep hygiene. The development of educational sleep resources for coaches and support staff to implement with athletes may help address the identified barriers and improve sleep knowledge.
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104
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Claudino JG, J Gabbet T, de Sá Souza H, Simim M, Fowler P, de Alcantara Borba D, Melo M, Bottino A, Loturco I, D'Almeida V, Carlos Amadio A, Cerca Serrão J, P Nassis G. Which parameters to use for sleep quality monitoring in team sport athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000475. [PMID: 30729029 PMCID: PMC6340585 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep quality is an essential component of athlete's recovery. However, a better understanding of the parameters to adequately quantify sleep quality in team sport athletes is clearly warranted. Objective To identify which parameters to use for sleep quality monitoring in team sport athletes. Methods Systematic searches for articles reporting the qualitative markers related to sleep in team sport athletes were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science online databases. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. For the meta-analysis, effect sizes with 95% CI were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed using a random-effects model. The coefficient of variation (CV) with 95% CI was also calculated to assess the level of instability of each parameter. Results In general, 30 measuring instruments were used for monitoring sleep quality. A meta-analysis was undertaken on 15 of these parameters. Four objective parameters inferred by actigraphy had significant results (sleep efficiency with small CV and sleep latency, wake episodes and total wake episode duration with large CV). Six subjective parameters obtained from questionnaires and scales also had meaningful results (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (sleep efficiency), Likert scale (Hooper), Likert scale (no reference), Liverpool Jet-Lag Questionnaire, Liverpool Jet-Lag Questionnaire (sleep rating) and RESTQ (sleep quality)). Conclusions These data suggest that sleep efficiency using actigraphy, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Likert scale, Liverpool Jet-Lag Questionnaire and RESTQ are indicated to monitor sleep quality in team sport athletes. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018083941.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gustavo Claudino
- School of Physical Education and Sport-Laboratory of Biomechanics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,LOAD CONTROL, Contagem, Brazil
| | - Tim J Gabbet
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helton de Sá Souza
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Simim
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Peter Fowler
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Marco Melo
- Department of Physiology, São Paulo Futebol Clube, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Altamiro Bottino
- Department of Physiology, São Paulo Futebol Clube, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irineu Loturco
- NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- School of Physical Education and Sport-Laboratory of Biomechanics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Cerca Serrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport-Laboratory of Biomechanics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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105
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Effects of hour of training and exercise intensity on nocturnal autonomic modulation and sleep quality of amateur ultra-endurance runners. Physiol Behav 2019; 198:134-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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106
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Nédélec M, Dawson B, Dupont G. Influence of Night Soccer Matches on Sleep in Elite Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:174-179. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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107
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding soccer players' match-related fatigue and recovery profiles likely helps with developing conditioning programs that increase team performance and reduce injuries and illnesses. In order to improve match recovery (the return-to-play process and ergogenic interventions) it is also pivotal to determine if match simulation protocols and actual match-play lead to similar responses. OBJECTIVES (1) To thoroughly describe the development of fatigue during actual soccer match play and its recovery time course in terms of physiological, neuromuscular, technical, biochemical and perceptual responses, and (2) to determine similarities of recovery responses between actual competition (11 vs. 11) and match simulations. METHODS A first screening phase consisted of a systematic search on PubMed (MEDLINE) and SportDiscus databases until March 2016. Inclusion criteria were: longitudinal study with soccer players; match or validated protocol; duration > 45 min; and published in English. RESULTS A total of 77 eligible studies (n = 1105) were used to compute 1196 effect sizes (ES). Half-time assessments revealed small to large alterations in immunological parameters (e.g. leukocytes, ES = 1.9), a moderate decrement in insulin concentration (ES = - 0.9) and a small to moderate impairment in lower-limb muscle function (ES = - 0.5 to - 0.7) and physical performance measures (e.g. linear sprint, ES = - 0.3 to - 1.0). All the systematically analyzed fatigue-related markers were substantially altered at post-match. Hamstrings force production capacity (ES = - 0.7), physical performance (2-4%, ES = 0.3-0.5), creatine kinase (CK, ES = 0.4), well-being (ES = 0.2-0.4) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS, ES = 0.6-1.3) remained substantially impaired at G + 72 h. Compared to simulation protocols, 11 vs. 11 match format (CK, ES = 1.8) induced a greater magnitude of change in muscle damage (i.e. CK, ES = 1.8 vs. 0.7), inflammatory (IL-6, ES = 2.6 vs. 1.1) and immunological markers and DOMS (ES = 1.5 vs. 0.7) than simulation protocols at post-assessments. Neuromuscular performances at post-match did not differ between protocols. CONCLUSION While some parameters are fully recovered (e.g. hormonal and technical), our systematic review shows that a period of 72 h post-match play is not long enough to completely restore homeostatic balance (e.g. muscle damage, physical and well-being status). The extent of the recovery period post-soccer game cannot consist of a 'one size fits all approach'. Additionally, the 'real match' (11 vs. 11 format) likely induces greater magnitudes of perceptual (DOMS) and biochemical alterations (e.g. muscle damage), while neuromuscular alterations were essentially similar. Overall, coaches must adjust the structure and content of the training sessions during the 72-h post-match intervention to effectively manage the training load within this time-frame.
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108
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Selected In-Season Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Recovery for Team Sport Athletes: A Practical Overview. Sports Med 2018; 47:2201-2218. [PMID: 28702900 PMCID: PMC5633631 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Team sport athletes face a variety of nutritional challenges related to recovery during the competitive season. The purpose of this article is to review nutrition strategies related to muscle regeneration, glycogen restoration, fatigue, physical and immune health, and preparation for subsequent training bouts and competitions. Given the limited opportunities to recover between training bouts and games throughout the competitive season, athletes must be deliberate in their recovery strategy. Foundational components of recovery related to protein, carbohydrates, and fluid have been extensively reviewed and accepted. Micronutrients and supplements that may be efficacious for promoting recovery include vitamin D, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, creatine, collagen/vitamin C, and antioxidants. Curcumin and bromelain may also provide a recovery benefit during the competitive season but future research is warranted prior to incorporating supplemental dosages into the athlete's diet. Air travel poses nutritional challenges related to nutrient timing and quality. Incorporating strategies to consume efficacious micronutrients and ingredients is necessary to support athlete recovery in season.
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109
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Costa JA, Brito J, Nakamura FY, Figueiredo P, Oliveira E, Rebelo A. Sleep patterns and nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity in female athletes are affected by the timing of exercise and match location. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:360-373. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1545782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio A. Costa
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fábio Y. Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
- The College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
- Health Sciences and Human Development, Research Center in Sports Sciences, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Oliveira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Rebelo
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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110
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Heidari J, Pelka M, Beckmann J, Kellmann M. A practitioner’s perspective on psychological issues in football. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2018.1526397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Heidari
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pelka
- Department of Sport Psychology, RasenBallsport Leipzig GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beckmann
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Michael Kellmann
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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111
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Abstract
Purpose: To assess the effect of match-day napping and duration of naps on perceptual and performance indices in elite female netball players over 2 consecutive netball seasons. Methods: A total of 14 elite female netball athletes (mean [SD]; age = 23 [6] y) participated in an observational study over 26 competition matches. On each match day, athletes provided information on their napping habits and perceived energy levels, then performed 3 countermovement jumps 3 h:30 min prior to the start of the match. One hour after the match, subjective player performance ratings from the players and 2 members of the coaching staff were obtained. Naps were characterized into 3 conditions for analysis: no nap (NN), <20-min nap (SHORT), and ≥20-min nap (LONG). Results: A significant difference in peak jump velocity was observed between the SHORT and the NN condition in favor of the shorter nap (3.23 [0.26] and 3.07 [0.36] m·s−1, respectively, d = 0.34, P < .05). A moderate, significant difference (d = 0.85; P < .05) was observed for the coach rating of performance (out of 10) between the SHORT and the NN condition (7.2 [0.8] and 6.4 [0.9], respectively) in favor of SHORT. Conclusions: The findings from the study would suggest that a short nap (<20 min) on the day of competition can enhance jump velocity and improve subjective performance in elite netball players, as assessed by coaching staff.
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112
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O'Donnell S, Beaven CM, Driller MW. From pillow to podium: a review on understanding sleep for elite athletes. Nat Sci Sleep 2018; 10:243-253. [PMID: 30197545 PMCID: PMC6112797 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s158598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is considered vital to human health and well-being, and is critical to physiological and cognitive functioning. Elite athletes experience high training and competition demands, and are often exposed to various factors, situations, and environments that can cause sleep impairments. Previous research has shown that athletes commonly experience sleep loss in the lead up to and following competition, which could have significant impacts on their preparation, performance, and recovery. In particular, the results from previous research show significant reductions in total sleep time (~1:40 h:min) and significant increases in sleep latency (~45 minutes) following evening competition. Napping is common in both the training and competition setting in athletes; however, research on the effect of napping on physiology and performance is limited. In contrast, research on strategies and interventions to improve sleep are increasing in the athletic population, with sleep hygiene research resulting in significant improvements in key sleep indices. This review investigates the physiological importance of sleep in athletes, current tools to monitor athletes' sleep, the role of sleep for cognitive functioning and athletic performance, the prevalence of sleep disturbances and the potential mechanisms causing sleep disturbances, the role of napping, and different intervention strategies to improve sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon O'Donnell
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand,
| | - Christopher M Beaven
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand,
| | - Matthew W Driller
- Health, Sport and Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand,
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113
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Nedelec M, Aloulou A, Duforez F, Meyer T, Dupont G. The Variability of Sleep Among Elite Athletes. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2018; 4:34. [PMID: 30054756 PMCID: PMC6063976 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Practicing sport at the highest level is typically accompanied by several stressors and restrictions on personal life. Elite athletes’ lifestyle delivers a significant challenge to sleep, due to both the physiological and psychological demands, and the training and competition schedules. Inter-individual variability of sleep patterns (e.g., sleep requirements, chronotype) may have important implications not only for recovery and training schedules but also for the choice of measures to possibly improve sleep. This article provides a review of the current available literature regarding the variability of sleep among elite athletes and factors possibly responsible for this phenomenon. We also provide methodological approaches to better address the inter-individual variability of sleep in future studies with elite athletes. There is currently little scientific evidence supporting a specific influence of one particular type of sport on sleep; sleep disorders may be, however, more common in strength/power and contact sports. Sleep behavior may notably vary depending on the athlete’s typical daily schedule. The specificity of training and competition schedules possibly accounts for the single most influential factor leading to inconsistency in sleep among elite athletes (e.g., “social jet lag”). Additionally, athletes are affected by extensive exposure to electric light and evening use of electronic media devices. Therefore, the influence of ordinary sleep, poor sleep, and extended sleep as important additional contributors to training load should be studied. Future experimental studies on sleep and elite sport performance should systematically report the seasonal phase. Boarding conditions may provide a good option to standardize as many variables as possible without the inconvenience of laboratory. The use of interdisciplinary mixed-method approaches should be encouraged in future studies on sleep and elite sport. Finally, high inter- and intra-individual variability in the athletes’ sleep characteristics suggests a need for providing individual responses in addition to group means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nedelec
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), 11 Avenue du Tremblay, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Anis Aloulou
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), 11 Avenue du Tremblay, 75012, Paris, France
| | - François Duforez
- Centre du Sommeil, Hotel Dieu de Paris, 1 Place du Parvis Notre Dame, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, GEB. B82, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Gregory Dupont
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), 11 Avenue du Tremblay, 75012, Paris, France
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114
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Selmi O, Marzouki H, Ouergui I, BenKhalifa W, Bouassida A. Influence of intense training cycle and psychometric status on technical and physiological aspects performed during the small-sided games in soccer players. Res Sports Med 2018; 26:401-412. [PMID: 29966440 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1492398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of intense training cycle (IT) of early season preparation period (SPP) and psychological status on technical and physiological parameters during small-sided games (SSG) and the relationships between these variables. Sixteen professional soccer players participated in the study (mean±SD: age: 24.5±4.1). Training load (TL), Total quality recovery (TQR) and well-being indices were performed daily. TL increased progressively (%TL=31.56 [AU]). Physiological variables did not change after IT and were not influenced by well-being indices and TQR. Technical aspects were negatively altered after IT (p<0.05). TL was significantly correlated with successful passes (r=-0.57, p=0.02), interceptions (r=-0.83, p<0.001) and lost balls (r=0.73, p=0.002). Well-being and TQR were related to successful passes, interceptions and lost passes [(r=-0.55, p=0.03; r=-0.75, p=0.001; r=-0.69, p=0.004); (r=0.54, p=0.03; r=-0.76, p=0.001; r=-0.69, p=0.004), respectively]. TL, Well-being indices and TQR represent a useful strategy for coaches to control technical aspects in soccer players during SPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okba Selmi
- a Research Unit "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef , University of Jendouba, Kef , Tunisia.,b Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte , University of Carthage , Zarzouna , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Hamza Marzouki
- a Research Unit "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef , University of Jendouba, Kef , Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- a Research Unit "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef , University of Jendouba, Kef , Tunisia
| | - Wissam BenKhalifa
- a Research Unit "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef , University of Jendouba, Kef , Tunisia
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- a Research Unit "Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation", High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef , University of Jendouba, Kef , Tunisia
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115
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Jones CM, Griffiths PC, Mellalieu SD. Training Load and Fatigue Marker Associations with Injury and Illness: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Sports Med 2018; 47:943-974. [PMID: 27677917 PMCID: PMC5394138 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Coaches, sport scientists, clinicians and medical personnel face a constant challenge to prescribe sufficient training load to produce training adaption while minimising fatigue, performance inhibition and risk of injury/illness. Objective The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship between injury and illness and longitudinal training load and fatigue markers in sporting populations. Methods Systematic searches of the Web of Science and PubMed online databases to August 2015 were conducted for articles reporting relationships between training load/fatigue measures and injury/illness in athlete populations. Results From the initial 5943 articles identified, 2863 duplicates were removed, followed by a further 2833 articles from title and abstract selection. Manual searching of the reference lists of the remaining 247 articles, together with use of the Google Scholar ‘cited by’ tool, yielded 205 extra articles deemed worthy of assessment. Sixty-eight studies were subsequently selected for inclusion in this study, of which 45 investigated injury only, 17 investigated illness only, and 6 investigated both injury and illness. This systematic review highlighted a number of key findings, including disparity within the literature regarding the use of various terminologies such as training load, fatigue, injury and illness. Athletes are at an increased risk of injury/illness at key stages in their training and competition, including periods of training load intensification and periods of accumulated training loads. Conclusions Further investigation of individual athlete characteristics is required due to their impact on internal training load and, therefore, susceptibility to injury/illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jones
- Research Centre in Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, Wales, UK.
| | - Peter C Griffiths
- Research Centre in Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, Wales, UK
| | - Stephen D Mellalieu
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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116
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Driller
- Health, Sport & Human Performance, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Balin Cupples
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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117
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Practical Issues in Evidence-Based Use of Performance Supplements: Supplement Interactions, Repeated Use and Individual Responses. Sports Med 2018; 47:79-100. [PMID: 28332111 PMCID: PMC5371635 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Current sports nutrition guidelines recommend that athletes only take supplements following an evidence-based analysis of their value in supporting training outcomes or competition performance in their specific event. While there is sound evidence to support the use of a few performance supplements under specific scenarios (creatine, beta-alanine, bicarbonate, caffeine, nitrate/beetroot juice and, perhaps, phosphate), there is a lack of information around several issues needed to guide the practical use of these products in competitive sport. First, there is limited knowledge around the strategy of combining the intake of several products in events in which performance benefits are seen with each product in isolation. The range in findings from studies involving combined use of different combinations of two supplements makes it difficult to derive a general conclusion, with both the limitations of individual studies and the type of sporting event to which the supplements are applied influencing the potential for additive, neutral or counteractive outcomes. The repeated use of the same supplement in sports involving two or more events within a 24-h period is of additional interest, but has received even less attention. Finally, the potential for individual athletes to respond differently, in direction and magnitude, to the use of a supplement seems real, but is hard to distinguish from normal day to day variability in performance. Strategies that can be used in research or practice to identify whether individual differences are robust include repeat trials, and the collection of data on physiological or genetic mechanisms underpinning outcomes.
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Abstract
Among factors impacting performance during an ultramarathon, sleep is an underappreciated factor that has received little attention. The aims of this study were to characterize habitual sleep behaviors in ultramarathon runners and to examine strategies they use to manage sleep before and during ultramarathons. Responses from 636 participants to a questionnaire were considered. This population was found to sleep more on weekends and holidays (7–8 h to 8–9 h) than during weekdays (6–7 h to 7–8 h; p < 0.001). Work was a mediator of napping habits since 19–25% reported napping on work days and 37–56% on non-work days. There were 24.5% of the participants reporting sleep disorders, with more women (38.9%) reporting sleep problems than men (22.0%; p < 0.005). Mean (±SD) sleepiness score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 8.9 ± 4.3 with 37.6% of respondents scoring higher than 10, reflecting excessive daytime sleepiness. Most of the study participants (73.9%) had a strategy to manage sleep preceding an ultramarathon, with 54.7% trying to increase their opportunities for sleep. Only 21% of participants reported that they had a strategy to manage sleep during ultramarathons, with micronaps being the most common strategy specified. Sub-analyses from 221 responses indicated that sleep duration during an ultramarathon was correlated with finish time for races lasting 36–60 h (r = 0.48; p < 0.01) or > 60 h (r = 0.44; p < 0.001). We conclude that sleep duration among ultramarathon runners was comparable to the general population and other athletic populations, yet they reported a lower prevalence of sleep disorders. Daytime sleepiness was among the lowest rates encountered in athletic populations, which may be related to the high percentage of nappers in our population. Sleep extension, by increasing sleep time at night and daytime napping, was the main sleep strategy to prepare for ultramarathons.
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119
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Li C, Kee YH, Lam LS. Effect of Brief Mindfulness Induction on University Athletes' Sleep Quality Following Night Training. Front Psychol 2018; 9:508. [PMID: 29706914 PMCID: PMC5907683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the need to alleviate sleep problems confronting athletes, the present experiment, conducted as much as possible in a naturalistic fashion that mimics daily life, seeks to examine whether a brief mindfulness induction immediately prior to sleep following night training can improve athletes' sleep. A sample of university athletes (n = 80) was recruited and 63 of them were eligible to participate in this experiment. They were then randomly assigned into experimental group (n = 32) and control group (n = 31). Following night training and just prior to sleep, those in the experimental group received a self-administered brief 6-min mindfulness induction via a video clip, whereas the control group participants viewed a similar 6-min video devoid of mindfulness induction passively. Questionnaire-based measures of training intensity, pre-sleep arousal, state mindfulness, and sleep diary (i.e., level of rest, sleep duration, and overall sleep quality) were administered. Results showed that brief mindfulness induction reduced pre-sleep arousal, and improved level of rest and overall sleep quality, but not sleep duration. Pre-sleep arousal was also found to be a partial mediator in the relationship between the brief mindfulness induction and reported level of rest during sleep. These findings suggest that the brief mindfulness induction may be an effective approach for decreasing pre-sleep arousal and improving sleep quality after night training among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Hwa Kee
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lok Shan Lam
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
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120
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The independent effects of match location, match result and the quality of opposition on subjective wellbeing in under 23 soccer players: a case study. Res Sports Med 2018; 26:262-275. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1447476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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121
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O'Donnell S, Bird S, Jacobson G, Driller M. Sleep and stress hormone responses to training and competition in elite female athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:611-618. [PMID: 29482452 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1439535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress hormone and sleep differences in a competition versus training setting are yet to be evaluated in elite female team-sport athletes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate salivary cortisol and perceptual stress markers during competition and training and to determine the subsequent effects on sleep indices in elite female athletes. Ten elite female netball athletes (mean ± SD; age: 23 ± 6 years) had their sleep monitored on three occasions; following one netball competition match (MATCH), one netball match simulation session (TRAIN), and one rest day (CONTROL). Perceived stress values and salivary cortisol were collected immediately pre- (17:15 pm) and post-session (19:30 pm), and at 22:00 pm. Sleep monitoring was performed using wrist actigraphy assessing total time in bed, total sleep time (TST), efficiency (SE%), latency, sleep onset time and wake time. Cortisol levels were significantly higher (p < .01) immediately post MATCH compared with TRAIN and CONTROL (mean ± SD; 0.700 ± 0.165, 0.178 ± 0.127 and 0.157 ± 0.178 μg/dL, respectively) and at 22:00 pm (0.155 ± 0.062, 0.077 ± 0.063, and 0.089 ± 0.083 μg/dL, respectively). There was a significant reduction in TST (-118 ± 112 min, p < .01) and SE (-7.7 ± 8.5%, p < .05) following MATCH vs. TRAIN. Salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher, and sleep quantity and quality were significantly reduced, following competition when compared to training and rest days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon O'Donnell
- a Health, Sport and Human Performance , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand.,b Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic Netball , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - Steve Bird
- c Science and Engineering , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - Gregory Jacobson
- c Science and Engineering , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - Matthew Driller
- a Health, Sport and Human Performance , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand
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122
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Effects of Preseason Training on the Sleep Characteristics of Professional Rugby League Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:176-182. [PMID: 28530487 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of daily and exponentially weighted moving training loads on subsequent nighttime sleep. METHODS Sleep of 14 professional rugby league athletes competing in the National Rugby League was recorded using wristwatch actigraphy. Physical demands were quantified using GPS technology, including total distance, high-speed distance, acceleration/deceleration load (SumAccDec; AU), and session rating of perceived exertion (AU). Linear mixed models determined effects of acute (daily) and subacute (3- and 7-d) exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA) on sleep. RESULTS Higher daily SumAccDec was associated with increased sleep efficiency (effect-size correlation; ES = 0.15; ±0.09) and sleep duration (ES = 0.12; ±0.09). Greater 3-d EWMA SumAccDec was associated with increased sleep efficiency (ES = 0.14; ±0.09) and an earlier bedtime (ES = 0.14; ±0.09). An increase in 7-d EWMA SumAccDec was associated with heightened sleep efficiency (ES = 0.15; ±0.09) and earlier bedtimes (ES = 0.15; ±0.09). CONCLUSIONS The direction of the associations between training loads and sleep varied, but the strongest relationships showed that higher training loads increased various measures of sleep. Practitioners should be aware of the increased requirement for sleep during intensified training periods, using this information in the planning and implementation of training and individualized recovery modalities.
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123
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Sleep/wake behavior prior to and following competition in elite female netball athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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124
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Driller MW, Mah CD, Halson SL. Development of the athlete sleep behavior questionnaire: A tool for identifying maladaptive sleep practices in elite athletes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 11:37-44. [PMID: 29796200 PMCID: PMC5916575 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Existing sleep questionnaires to assess sleep behaviors may not be sensitive
in determining the unique sleep challenges faced by elite athletes. The
purpose of the current study was to develop and validate the Athlete Sleep
Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) to be used as a practical tool for support
staff working with elite athletes. Methods 564 participants (242 athletes, 322 non-athletes) completed the 18-item ASBQ
and three previously validated questionnaires; the Sleep Hygiene Index
(SHI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
Index (PSQI). A cohort of the studied population performed the ASBQ twice in
one week to assess test-retest reliability, and also performed sleep
monitoring via wrist-actigraphy. Results Comparison of the ASBQ with existing sleep questionnaires resulted in
moderate to large correlations
(r=0.32 - 0.69). There was a significant difference
between athletes and non-athletes for the ASBQ global score (44±6
vs. 41±6, respectively,
p<0.01) and for the PSQI, but not for the SHI or the
ESS. The reliability of the ASBQ was acceptable (ICC=0.87) when re-tested
within 7 days. There was a moderate relationship between
ASBQ and total sleep time (r=-0.42). Conclusion The ASBQ is a valid and reliable tool that can differentiate the sleep
practices between athletes and non-athletes, and offers a practical
instrument for practitioners and/or researchers wanting to evaluate the
sleep behaviors of elite athletes. The ASBQ may provide information on areas
where improvements to individual athletes’ sleep habits could be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Driller
- University of Waikato, Health, Sport and Human Performance - Hamilton - Waikato - New Zealand.,High Performance Sport New Zealand, Performance Physiology - Auckland - Auckland - New Zealand
| | - Cheri D Mah
- University of California, Human Performance Center - San Francisco - California - USA
| | - Shona L Halson
- Australian Institute of Sport, Physiology - Canberra - ACT - Australian
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125
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Thornton HR, Miller J, Taylor L, Sargent C, Lastella M, Fowler PM. Impact of short- compared to long-haul international travel on the sleep and wellbeing of national wheelchair basketball athletes. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:1476-1484. [PMID: 29099652 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1398883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, very little is known about the impact of short- or long-haul air travel on the sleep and wellbeing of wheelchair basketball athletes. Eleven national wheelchair basketball athletes wore actigraphy monitors prior, during, and after air travel to the United Kingdom. Upon arrival, participants rated their subjective jet-lag, fatigue, and vigor. Individuals traveled to the United Kingdom from different locations in Australia, the United States, and Europe and were categorised according to travel length [LONG (up to 30.2 h) or SHORT (up to 6.5 h)]. Linear mixed models determined effects of travel length on sleep and subjective ratings of jet-lag, fatigue, and vigor. During competition, subjective fatigue and jet-lag were substantially higher (ES = 0.73; ±0.77) and (ES = 0.57; ±0.60), subjective vigor was lower (ES = 1.94; ±0.72), and get-up time was earlier (ES = 0.57; ±0.60) for LONG when compared to SHORT. Travelling greater distances by airplane had a larger effect on subjective ratings of jet-lag, fatigue and vigor, rather than sleep. Irrespective of travel group, sleep and subjective responses were compromised, reflecting the travel requirements, competition-mediated influences, and/or due to a change in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Thornton
- a La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre , La Trobe University Bundoora Campus , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Joanna Miller
- b Australian Institute of Sport, Physiology, Bruce, Canberra, ACT , Australia
| | - Lee Taylor
- c ASPETAR, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre , Doha , Qatar.,d School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Charli Sargent
- e Central Queensland University , Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science , Wayville , SA , Australia
| | - Michele Lastella
- e Central Queensland University , Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science , Wayville , SA , Australia
| | - Peter M Fowler
- c ASPETAR, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre , Doha , Qatar
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126
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Schuring N, Kerkhoffs G, Gray J, Gouttebarge V. The mental wellbeing of current and retired professional cricketers: an observational prospective cohort study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2017; 45:463-469. [PMID: 28952405 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2017.1386069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scientific knowledge about symptoms of common mental disorders in professional cricket is non-existent. Consequently, the aims of the study were to determine the prevalence and the 6 months incidence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD: distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, adverse alcohol use) among current and former professional cricketers and to explore the association of potential stressors (significant injury, surgery, adverse life events, career dissatisfaction) and CMD. METHODS An observational prospective cohort study with a follow-up period of 6 months was conducted among current and former professional cricketers from South Africa. Using validated questionnaires to assess symptoms of common mental disorders as well as several stressors, an electronic questionnaire was set up and distributed by the South African Cricketers Association (SACA). RESULTS A total of 116 participants enrolled at baseline (overall response rate of 33%) and 76 of those participants completed the 6 month follow-up (follow up rate of 66%). The prevalence of symptoms of CMD in current professional cricketers was 38% for distress, 38% for sleep disturbance, 37% for anxiety/depression and 26% for adverse alcohol use. Among former professional cricketers, baseline prevalence as was 26% for distress, 24% for anxiety/depression, 21% for sleep disturbance and 22% for adverse alcohol use. Career dissatisfaction led to an increased risk of distress, anxiety/depression and sleep disturbance in current professional cricketers. Surgeries and adverse life events led to an increase in reported symptoms of distress and anxiety/depression in current professional cricketers. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that symptoms of CMD are prevalent in both current and former professional cricketers and the association with surgery, adverse life events and cricket career dissatisfaction may provide some insight into possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannet Schuring
- a Academic Medical Center , Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gino Kerkhoffs
- a Academic Medical Center , Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,c Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Academic Medical Center , VU University medical center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Janine Gray
- d Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,e Cricket South African (CSA) , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- a Academic Medical Center , Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,c Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Academic Medical Center , VU University medical center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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127
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Slimani M, Baker JS, Cheour F, Taylor L, Bragazzi NL. Steroid hormones and psychological responses to soccer matches: Insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186100. [PMID: 29023546 PMCID: PMC5638322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the perturbations in hormonal and psychological homeostasis in response to soccer match-play. These perturbations were explored according to match outcome (i.e., win versus loss), gender, type of contest (i.e., competitive versus non-competitive fixtures) and competitive level (i.e., novice versus high-level). The review was conducted according to the Population/Intervention or Exposure/Comparison/Outcome(s) (PICO) criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Match outcome, type of contest and competitive levels were moderator variables in the examined steroid hormones responses to a soccer match-play. Different testosterone responses were seen between match winners (increase) and losers (decrease) when compared to pre-game or baseline values (p <0.05), whilst no changes could be detected for cortisol relative to match outcome in female soccer players. Males (Δ% = 6.26; ES = 0.28) demonstrated a marginally lower increase in testosterone levels when compared to females (Δ% = 49.16; ES = 1.00), though not statistically significant. Females (Δ% = 162.7; ES = 0.98) did not demonstrate elevated cortisol match response compared to males (Δ% = 34.60; ES = 1.20). Male novice soccer match-play increased cortisol levels compared to high-level soccer match-play (Q = 18.08, p<0.001). Competitive soccer matches increased cortisol levels compared to non-competitive fixtures (i.e., collegiate tournament). Additionally, competitive levels moderate the relationship between a soccer match and testosterone levels (p <0.001), regardless of gender differences. From the presented systematic review and meta-analysis it appears (1) cortisol changes are associated with cognitive anxiety in starter female soccer players, while (2) testosterone changes are associated with changes in mood state in females and social connectedness in male soccer players. This apparent psycho-physiological relationship may proffer the opportunity for targeted intervention(s) by practitioners to favorably influence performance and/or recovery agendas. Further mechanistic and/or applied evidence is required in this regard in addition to further data sets from females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maamer Slimani
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sport Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport (CNMSS), El Menzah, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Julien S. Baker
- University of the West of Scotland, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, Hamilton Campus, Hamilton, United Kingdom
| | - Foued Cheour
- High Institute of Applied Biology of Médenine, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Lee Taylor
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Loughborough University, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Genoa University, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, Genoa University, Genoa, Italy
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128
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de Andrade Fernandes A, Pimenta EM, Moreira DG, Sillero-Quintana M, Marins JCB, Morandi RF, Kanope T, Garcia ES. Skin temperature changes of under-20 soccer players after two consecutive matches. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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129
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Whitworth-Turner C, Di Michele R, Muir I, Gregson W, Drust B. A comparison of sleep patterns in youth soccer players and non-athletes. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1366040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Whitworth-Turner
- Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rocco Di Michele
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ian Muir
- Nike Explore Team, Nike Sports Research Laboratory, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Warren Gregson
- Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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130
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Sperlich B, Holmberg HC. The Responses of Elite Athletes to Exercise: An All-Day, 24-h Integrative View Is Required! Front Physiol 2017; 8:564. [PMID: 28855871 PMCID: PMC5557737 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Institute for Sport Sciences, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsø, Norway
- School of Kinesiology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
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131
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Fowler PM, Paul DJ, Tomazoli G, Farooq A, Akenhead R, Taylor L. Evidence of sub-optimal sleep in adolescent Middle Eastern academy soccer players which is exacerbated by sleep intermission proximal to dawn. Eur J Sport Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1341553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Fowler
- ASPETAR – Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Darren J. Paul
- Football Excellence Project, ASPETAR – Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gustavo Tomazoli
- Football Excellence Project, ASPETAR – Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- ASPETAR – Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Richard Akenhead
- Football Excellence Project, ASPETAR – Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lee Taylor
- ASPETAR – Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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132
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Malone S, Owen A, Newton M, Mendes B, Collins KD, Gabbett TJ. The acute:chonic workload ratio in relation to injury risk in professional soccer. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:561-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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133
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Malone S, Owen A, Mendes B, Hughes B, Collins K, Gabbett TJ. High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: Can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk? J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:257-262. [PMID: 28595870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association between high-speed running (HSR) and sprint running (SR) and injuries within elite soccer players. The impact of intermittent aerobic fitness as measured by the end speed of the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15VIFT) and high chronic workloads (average 21-day) as potential mediators of injury risk were also investigated. DESIGN Observational Cohort Study. METHODS 37 elite soccer players from one elite squad were involved in a one-season study. Training and game workloads (session-RPE×duration) were recorded in conjunction with external training loads (using global positioning system technology) to measure the HSR (>14.4kmh-1) and SR (>19.8kmh-1) distance covered across weekly periods during the season. Lower limb injuries were also recorded. Training load and GPS data were modelled against injury data using logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 90% confidence intervals based on 21-day chronic training load status (sRPE), aerobic fitness, HSR and SR distance with these reported against a reference group. RESULTS Players who completed moderate HSR (701-750-m: OR: 0.12, 90%CI: 0.08-0.94) and SR distances (201-350-m: OR: 0.54, 90%CI: 0.41-0.85) were at reduced injury risk compared to low HSR (≤674-m) and SR (≤165-m) reference groups. Injury risk was higher for players who experienced large weekly changes in HSR (351-455-m; OR: 3.02; 90%CI: 2.03-5.18) and SR distances (between 75-105-m; OR: 6.12, 90%CI: 4.66-8.29). Players who exerted higher chronic training loads (≥2584 AU) were at significantly reduced risk of injury when they covered 1-weekly HSR distances of 701-750m compared to the reference group of <674m (OR=0.65, 90% CI 0.27-0.89). When intermittent aerobic fitness was considered based on 30-15VIFT performance, players with poor aerobic fitness had a greater risk of injury than players with better-developed aerobic fitness. CONCLUSIONS Exposing players to large and rapid increases in HSR and SR distances increased the odds of injury. However, higher chronic training loads (≥2584 AU) and better intermittent aerobic fitness off-set lower limb injury risk associated with these running distances in elite soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Malone
- Human Performance Lab, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Ireland; BenficaLAB, S.L. Benfica, Portugal.
| | - Adam Owen
- BenficaLAB, S.L. Benfica, Portugal; Claude Bernard University Lyon, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport (CRIS), France
| | - Bruno Mendes
- BenficaLAB, S.L. Benfica, Portugal; Claude Bernard University Lyon, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport (CRIS), France
| | - Brian Hughes
- Human Performance Lab, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Kieran Collins
- Human Performance Lab, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Australia; University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Resilient Regions, Ipswich, Australia
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134
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Balk YA, de Jonge J, Oerlemans WG, Geurts SA. Physical recovery, mental detachment and sleep as predictors of injury and mental energy. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:1828-1838. [PMID: 28810446 PMCID: PMC6745602 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317705980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sports activities are generally considered beneficial to people’s health
and well-being, they can cause injuries and increased fatigue. Guided by the
Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Recovery Model, this study hypothesized that
physical recovery and mental detachment from sport-related activities would
prevent injury and enhance mental energy. A cross-sectional survey study was
conducted among 161 recreational athletes. Structural equation modelling
analyses showed that mental detachment was negatively associated with injury and
positively associated with mental energy. Sleep deprivation partially mediated
the relation between mental detachment and mental energy. These findings imply
an important role for mental detachment in maintaining people’s health and
well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick A Balk
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Human Performance Management Group, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Jonge
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Human Performance Management Group, The Netherlands.,University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Wido Gm Oerlemans
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Human Performance Management Group, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Ae Geurts
- Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, The Netherlands
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135
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Marqués-Jiménez D, Calleja-González J, Arratibel I, Delextrat A, Terrados N. Fatigue and Recovery in Soccer: Evidence and Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1875399x01710010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Soccer presents physiological, metabolic, physical and psychological demands which can deteriorate players’ performance due to fatigue. The high variability in physiological, metabolic, physical and psychological responses also influences the magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage, with symptoms negatively affecting neuromuscular function during recovery or subsequent training sessions or matches. Consequently, more precise and consistent knowledge is required in this area to optimize training and performance.
Objective:
Therefore, the purpose is to sum-up current evidence on fatigue and recovery in soccer players, to shed light on factors that can affect players’ performance, and to suggest applications for coaches and further research.
Method:
A comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the field was conducted.
Results:
Physical performance decrements during matches have traditionally been associated with physiological fatigue, but the magnitude of the symptoms in soccer players is unclear and depends on several factors. Moreover, the decline in physical performance during a soccer match is related to specific demands of each match. These could explain inter-individual variability in acute fatigue or training recovery processes when comparing players from the same team. Recovery counteracts the effects of fatigue, both peripheral and central, but there is a lack of consensus about the usefulness of tests used to monitor fatigue and recovery kinetics.
Conclusion:
Although fatigue and recovery in soccer has been extensively studied, there are still uncertainties about the underlying mechanisms because they are influenced by physiological and match-related demands.
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Interrelationship between Sleep and Exercise: A Systematic Review. Adv Prev Med 2017; 2017:1364387. [PMID: 28458924 PMCID: PMC5385214 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1364387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a substantial body of literature has explored the relationship between sleep and exercise, comprehensive reviews and definitive conclusions about the impact of exercise interventions on sleep are lacking. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2013 and March 2017. Studies were included if they possessed either objective or subjective measures of sleep and an exercise intervention that followed the guidelines recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Thirty-four studies met these inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies concluded that exercise improved sleep quality or duration; however, four found no difference and one reported a negative impact of exercise on sleep. Study results varied most significantly due to participants' age, health status, and the mode and intensity of exercise intervention. Mixed findings were reported for children, adolescents, and young adults. Interventions conducted with middle-aged and elderly adults reported more robust results. In these cases, exercise promoted increased sleep efficiency and duration regardless of the mode and intensity of activity, especially in populations suffering from disease. Our review suggests that sleep and exercise exert substantial positive effects on one another; however, to reach a true consensus, the mechanisms behind these observations must first be elucidated.
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137
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Mônico-Neto M, Dáttilo M, Ribeiro DA, Lee KS, de Mello MT, Tufik S, Antunes HKM. REM sleep deprivation impairs muscle regeneration in rats. Growth Factors 2017; 35:12-18. [PMID: 28415893 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1314277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim was observe the influence of sleep deprivation (SD) and sleep recovery on muscle regeneration process in rats submitted to cryolesion. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly allocated in four groups: control (CTL), SD for 96 h (SD96), control plus sleep recovery period (CTL + R) and SD96h plus 96 h of sleep recovery (SD96 + R). The animals were submitted to muscle injury by cryolesioning, after to SD and sleep recovery. RESULTS The major outcomes of this study were the reduction of muscular IGF-1 in both legs (injured and uninjured) and a delay in muscle regeneration process of animals submitted to SD compared to animals that slept, with increase connective tissue, inflammatory infiltrate and minor muscle fibers. CONCLUSIONS SD impairs muscle regeneration in rats, moreover reduces muscular IGF-1 and sleep recovery was able to restore it to basal levels, but it was not enough to normalize the muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mônico-Neto
- a Department of Psychobiology
- d Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Fisiologia e Exercício - LAIFE , São Paulo , Brazil , and
| | - Murilo Dáttilo
- a Department of Psychobiology
- d Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Fisiologia e Exercício - LAIFE , São Paulo , Brazil , and
| | | | - Kil Sun Lee
- c Department of Biochemistry , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- a Department of Psychobiology
- e School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | | | - Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes
- a Department of Psychobiology
- b Department of Biosciences
- d Laboratório Interdisciplinar em Fisiologia e Exercício - LAIFE , São Paulo , Brazil , and
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138
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Abaïdia AE, Delecroix B, Leduc C, Lamblin J, McCall A, Baquet G, Dupont G. Effects of a Strength Training Session After an Exercise Inducing Muscle Damage on Recovery Kinetics. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:115-125. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Abaïdia, A-E, Delecroix, B, Leduc, C, Lamblin, J, McCall, A, Baquet, G, and Dupont, G. Effects of a strength training session after an exercise inducing muscle damage on recovery kinetics. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 115–125, 2017—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an upper-limb strength training session the day after an exercise inducing muscle damage on recovery of performance. In a randomized crossover design, subjects performed the day after the exercise, on 2 separate occasions (passive vs. active recovery conditions) a single-leg exercise (dominant in one condition and nondominant in the other condition) consisting of 5 sets of 15 eccentric contractions of the knee flexors. Active recovery consisted of performing an upper-body strength training session the day after the exercise. Creatine kinase, hamstring strength, and muscle soreness were assessed immediately and 20, 24, and 48 hours after exercise-induced muscle damage. The upper-body strength session, after muscle-damaging exercise accelerated the recovery of slow concentric force (effect size = 0.65; 90% confidence interval = −0.06 to 1.32), but did not affect the recovery kinetics for the other outcomes. The addition of an upper-body strength training session the day after muscle-damaging activity does not negatively affect the recovery kinetics. Upper-body strength training may be programmed the day after a competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd-Elbasset Abaïdia
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit Sport Health Society, EA 7369 - URePSSS, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Lille Football Club, Camphin-en-Pévèle, France; and
| | - Barthélémy Delecroix
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit Sport Health Society, EA 7369 - URePSSS, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Lille Football Club, Camphin-en-Pévèle, France; and
| | - Cédric Leduc
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Alan McCall
- Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Georges Baquet
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit Sport Health Society, EA 7369 - URePSSS, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Grégory Dupont
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit Sport Health Society, EA 7369 - URePSSS, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Lille Football Club, Camphin-en-Pévèle, France; and
- Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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139
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to describe the physiological changes that occur during the transition period in soccer players. A secondary aim is to address the issue of utilizing the transition period to lay the foundation for the succeeding season. We reviewed published peer-reviewed studies if they met the following three selection criteria: (1) the studied population comprised adult soccer players (aged >18 years), (2) time points of physiological and performance assessments were provided, and (3) appropriate statistics for the calculation of effect sizes were reported. Following two selection phases, 12 scientific publications were considered, involving a total sample of 252 players. The transition period elicits small to moderate negative changes in body composition, a moderate decline in sprint performance with and without changes of direction, and small to moderate decrements in muscle power. Detraining effects are also evident for endurance-related physiological and performance outcomes: large decrements in maximal oxygen consumption V̇O2max) and time to exhaustion, and moderate to very large impairments have been observed in intermittent-running performance. Off-season programs should be characterized by clear training objectives, a low frequency of training sessions, and simple training tools in order to facilitate compliance. The program suggested here may constitute the 'minimum effective dose' to maintain or at least attenuate the decay of endurance- and neuromuscular-related performance parameters, as well as restore an adequate strength profile (reduce muscle strength imbalances). This periodization strategy may improve the ability of players to cope with the elevated training demands of pre-season training and therefore reduce the risk of injury. Moreover, this strategy will favor a more efficient development of other relevant facets of performance during the pre-competition phase (e.g., tactical organization). We contend that the transition period needs to be perceived as a 'window of opportunity' for players to both recover and 'rebuild' for the following season.
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140
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Vitale JA, Bonato M, Galasso L, La Torre A, Merati G, Montaruli A, Roveda E, Carandente F. Sleep quality and high intensity interval training at two different times of day: A crossover study on the influence of the chronotype in male collegiate soccer players. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:260-268. [PMID: 27906554 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1256301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the chronotype on the sleep quality in male collegiate soccer players in response to acute high intensity interval training (HIIT) performed at two different times of day was evaluated. The sleep quality was poorer in the morning-type than in the evening-type players after the evening HIIT session, whereas no significant changes in the sleep quality of the two chronotypes after the morning HIIT session was observed. The results suggest that an athlete's chronotype should be taken into account when scheduling training sessions and to promote faster recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Bonato
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Letizia Galasso
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Antonio La Torre
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Giampiero Merati
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.,c Centre of Sport Medicine, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation , Milan , Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Franca Carandente
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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141
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Fanchini M, Ferraresi I, Petruolo A, Azzalin A, Ghielmetti R, Schena F, Impellizzeri FM. Is a retrospective RPE appropriate in soccer? Response shift and recall bias. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1231411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Fanchini
- Department of Neurological Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Medical Department, FC Internazionale, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Azzalin
- Department of Neurological Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Sport Science Department, AS Monaco FC, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | | | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurological Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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142
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Moalla W, Fessi MS, Farhat F, Nouira S, Wong DP, Dupont G. Relationship between daily training load and psychometric status of professional soccer players. Res Sports Med 2016; 24:387-394. [DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2016.1239579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Moalla
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fayçal Farhat
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sabeur Nouira
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Del P. Wong
- Sport Science Research Center, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Grégory Dupont
- Department of Research and Development, LOSC Lille Métropole Football Club, Camphin-en-Pévèle, France
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143
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Li C, Wu Y, Wang X, Tang M, Suppiah HT. Sleep characteristics of elite blind soccer players in China. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1228573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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144
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Taylor L, Chrismas BCR, Dascombe B, Chamari K, Fowler PM. The Importance of Monitoring Sleep within Adolescent Athletes: Athletic, Academic, and Health Considerations. Front Physiol 2016; 7:101. [PMID: 27047387 PMCID: PMC4797717 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Taylor
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar
| | - Bryna C. R. Chrismas
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar UniversityDoha, Qatar
| | - Ben Dascombe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, LaTrobe UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar
| | - Peter M. Fowler
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine HospitalDoha, Qatar
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145
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Taylor L, Chrismas BCR, Dascombe B, Chamari K, Fowler PM. Sleep Medication and Athletic Performance-The Evidence for Practitioners and Future Research Directions. Front Physiol 2016; 7:83. [PMID: 27014084 PMCID: PMC4779957 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Taylor
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre Aspire Zone ASPETAR, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bryna C R Chrismas
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University Doha, Qatar
| | - Ben Dascombe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, LaTrobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre Aspire Zone ASPETAR, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter M Fowler
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre Aspire Zone ASPETAR, Doha, Qatar
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