101
|
Sauteur L, Affolter M, Belting HG. Distinct and redundant functions of Esama and VE-cadherin during vascular morphogenesis. Development 2017; 144:1554-1565. [PMID: 28264837 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system forms during early embryogenesis and adapts to embryonic growth by sprouting angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. These processes require fine-tuning of cell-cell adhesion to maintain and re-establish endothelial contacts, while allowing cell motility. We have compared the contribution of two endothelial cell-specific adhesion proteins, VE-cadherin (VE-cad/Cdh5) and Esama (endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule a), during angiogenic sprouting and blood vessel fusion (anastomosis) in the zebrafish embryo by genetic analyses. Different combinations of mutant alleles can be placed into a phenotypic series with increasing defects in filopodial contact formation. Contact formation in esama mutants appears similar to wild type, whereas esama-/-; ve-cad+/- and ve-cad single mutants exhibit intermediate phenotypes. The lack of both proteins interrupts filopodial interaction completely. Furthermore, double mutants do not form a stable endothelial monolayer, and display intrajunctional gaps, dislocalization of Zo-1 and defects in apical-basal polarization. In summary, VE-cadherin and Esama have distinct and redundant functions during blood vessel morphogenesis, and both adhesion proteins are central to endothelial cell recognition during anastomosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Sauteur
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Gu W, Zhan H, Zhou XY, Yao L, Yan M, Chen A, Liu J, Ren X, Zhang X, Liu JX, Liu G. MicroRNA-22 regulates inflammation and angiogenesisviatargeting VE-cadherin. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:513-526. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Huihui Zhan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Animal Breeding; College of Fisheries; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Lun Yao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Meiping Yan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xiaojiao Ren
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Animal Breeding; College of Fisheries; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Deng X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Chen L, Yu C. TNF-α regulates the proteolytic degradation of ST6Gal-1 and endothelial cell-cell junctions through upregulating expression of BACE1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40256. [PMID: 28091531 PMCID: PMC5238365 DOI: 10.1038/srep40256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells are two critical steps in atherosclerosis development, and emerging evidence suggests that protein sialylation is involved in these processes. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α disrupted vascular endothelial cell-cell tight junctions and promoted monocyte endothelial cell adhesion. Western blotting and Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA) blotting analyses revealed that TNF-α treatment decreased α-2, 6-sialic acid transferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) levels and downregulated VE-Cadherin α-2, 6 sialylation. Further analysis demonstrated that TNF-α treatment upregulated β-site amyloid precursor protein enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, thus resulting in sequential ST6Gal-I proteolytic degradation. Furthermore, our results revealed that PKC signaling cascades were involved in TNF-α-induced BACE1 upregulation. Together, these results indicated that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α impairs endothelial tight junctions and promotes monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by upregulating BACE1 expression through activating PKC signaling and sequentially cleaving ST6Gal-I. Thus, inhibition of BACE1 expression may be a new approach for treating atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Deng
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Giampietro C. VE-cadherin complex plasticity: EPS8 and YAP play relay at adherens junctions. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1232024. [PMID: 28123926 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1232024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a selective barrier that separates the organs from the circulating blood. The endothelium has a wide variety of functions controlled by cell-to-cell junctions and in particular by Vascular Endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) complexes. Recent research identified the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (EPS8) and the co-transcriptional regulator yes-associated protein (YAP) as new components of the adherens junction complexes. The binding of these 2 proteins to VE-cadherin determines the formation of different specialized adhesive structures contributing to the dynamic control of vascular permeability. This commentary will summarize what is currently known about the role of EPS8 and YAP in the modification of molecular organization and intracellular signaling of adherens junction complexes, and their potential multiple effects on vascular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Giampietro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IFOM-The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Seebach J, Cao J, Schnittler HJ. Quantitative dynamics of VE-cadherin at endothelial cell junctions at a glance: basic requirements and current concepts. Discoveries (Craiova) 2016; 4:e63. [PMID: 32309583 PMCID: PMC7159836 DOI: 10.15190/d.2016.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular junctions of the vascular endothelium are dynamic structures that display a high degree of plasticity, which is required to contribute to their regulation of many physiological and pathological processes including monolayer integrity, barrier function, wound healing and angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) is connected via catenins to the actin cytoskeleton, both of which are key structures in endothelial junction regulation, and thus are the focus of much investigation. Fluorescence-based live cell imaging is the method of choice to study dynamic remodeling in living cells. Although these methods have been successfully applied to many cell types, investigations of endothelial junction dynamics were for a long time limited as they are largely resistant to transfection using many classical protocols. Application of virus-based gene transduction techniques, together with advanced microscopy, now allows both sufficient expression of fluorescence tagged junction-localized proteins in the endothelium and time-lapse recording over long periods. Using highly spatiotemporally resolved fluorescence microscopy it turned out that endothelial junctions display extensive junction heterogeneity at the subcellular level; a fact that largely limits automated quantification by available software. Recent work describes open software tools to quantitatively analyze large amounts of fluorescence-based image data in either single or confluent epithelial and endothelial cells. Based on quantitative VE-cadherin and actin dynamics novel key players, mechanisms and concepts have been suggested that control endothelial junction dynamics. Here we aim to summarize the recent developments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Seebach
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Cell-cell junctional mechanotransduction in endothelial remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:279-292. [PMID: 27506620 PMCID: PMC5219012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature is one of the most dynamic tissues that encounter numerous mechanical cues derived from pulsatile blood flow, blood pressure, activity of smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall, and transmigration of immune cells. The inner layer of blood and lymphatic vessels is covered by the endothelium, a monolayer of cells which separates blood from tissue, an important function that it fulfills even under the dynamic circumstances of the vascular microenvironment. In addition, remodeling of the endothelial barrier during angiogenesis and trafficking of immune cells is achieved by specific modulation of cell-cell adhesion structures between the endothelial cells. In recent years, there have been many new discoveries in the field of cellular mechanotransduction which controls the formation and destabilization of the vascular barrier. Force-induced adaptation at endothelial cell-cell adhesion structures is a crucial node in these processes that challenge the vascular barrier. One of the key examples of a force-induced molecular event is the recruitment of vinculin to the VE-cadherin complex upon pulling forces at cell-cell junctions. Here, we highlight recent advances in the current understanding of mechanotransduction responses at, and derived from, endothelial cell-cell junctions. We further discuss their importance for vascular barrier function and remodeling in development, inflammation, and vascular disease.
Collapse
|
107
|
Bijli KM, Fazal F, Slavin SA, Leonard A, Grose V, Alexander WB, Smrcka AV, Rahman A. Phospholipase C-ε signaling mediates endothelial cell inflammation and barrier disruption in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L517-24. [PMID: 27371732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00069.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C-ε (PLC-ε) is a unique PLC isoform that can be regulated by multiple signaling inputs from both Ras family GTPases and heterotrimeric G proteins and has primary sites of expression in the heart and lung. Whereas the role of PLC-ε in cardiac function and pathology has been documented, its relevance in acute lung injury (ALI) is unclear. We used PLC-ε(-/-) mice to address the role of PLC-ε in regulating lung vascular inflammation and injury in an aerosolized bacterial LPS inhalation mouse model of ALI. PLC-ε(-/-) mice showed a marked decrease in LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, keratinocyte-derived cytokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), lung neutrophil infiltration and microvascular leakage, and loss of VE-cadherin compared with PLC-ε(+/+) mice. These data identify PLC-ε as a critical determinant of proinflammatory and leaky phenotype of the lung. To test the possibility that PLC-ε activity in endothelial cells (EC) could contribute to ALI, we determined its role in EC inflammation and barrier disruption. RNAi knockdown of PLC-ε inhibited NF-κB activity in response to diverse proinflammatory stimuli, thrombin, LPS, TNF-α, and the nonreceptor agonist phorbol 13-myristate 12-acetate (phorbol esters) in EC. Depletion of PLC-ε also inhibited thrombin-induced expression of NF-κB target gene, VCAM-1. Importantly, PLC-ε knockdown also protected against thrombin-induced EC barrier disruption by inhibiting the loss of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions and formation of actin stress fibers. These data identify PLC-ε as a novel regulator of EC inflammation and permeability and show a hitherto unknown role of PLC-ε in the pathogenesis of ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Spencer A Slavin
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Antony Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Valerie Grose
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - William B Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York;
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Yu J, Ma Z, Shetty S, Ma M, Fu J. Selective HDAC6 inhibition prevents TNF-α-induced lung endothelial cell barrier disruption and endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L39-47. [PMID: 27190059 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00051.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung endothelial damage contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. New strategies against lung endothelial barrier dysfunction may provide therapeutic benefits against lung vascular injury. Cell-cell junctions and microtubule cytoskeleton are basic components in maintaining endothelial barrier integrity. HDAC6, a deacetylase primarily localized in the cytoplasm, has been reported to modulate nonnuclear protein function through deacetylation. Both α-tubulin and β-catenin are substrates for HDAC6. Here, we examined the effects of tubastatin A, a highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor, on TNF-α induced lung endothelial cell barrier disruption and endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema. Selective HDAC6 inhibition by tubastatin A blocked TNF-α-induced lung endothelial cell hyperpermeability, which was associated with increased α-tubulin acetylation and microtubule stability. Tubastatin A pretreatment inhibited TNF-α-induced endothelial cell contraction and actin stress fiber formation with reduced myosin light chain phosphorylation. Selective HDAC6 inhibition by tubastatin A also induced β-catenin acetylation in human lung endothelial cells, which was associated with increased membrane localization of β-catenin and stabilization of adherens junctions. HDAC6 knockdown by small interfering RNA also prevented TNF-α-induced barrier dysfunction and increased α-tubulin and β-catenin acetylation in endothelial cells. Furthermore, in a mouse model of endotoxemia, tubastatin A was able to prevent endotoxin-induced deacetylation of α-tubulin and β-catenin in lung tissues, which was associated with reduced pulmonary edema. Collectively, our data indicate that selective HDAC6 inhibition by tubastatin A is a potent approach against lung endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Yu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and
| | - Zhongsen Ma
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas
| | - Mengshi Ma
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China; Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Reinhard NR, van Helden SF, Anthony EC, Yin T, Wu YI, Goedhart J, Gadella TWJ, Hordijk PL. Spatiotemporal analysis of RhoA/B/C activation in primary human endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25502. [PMID: 27147504 PMCID: PMC4857094 DOI: 10.1038/srep25502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the vasculature and are important for the regulation of blood pressure, vascular permeability, clotting and transendothelial migration of leukocytes and tumor cells. A group of proteins that that control the endothelial barrier function are the RhoGTPases. This study focuses on three homologous (>88%) RhoGTPases: RhoA, RhoB, RhoC of which RhoB and RhoC have been poorly characterized. Using a RhoGTPase mRNA expression analysis we identified RhoC as the highest expressed in primary human endothelial cells. Based on an existing RhoA FRET sensor we developed new RhoB/C FRET sensors to characterize their spatiotemporal activation properties. We found all these RhoGTPase sensors to respond to physiologically relevant agonists (e.g. Thrombin), reaching transient, localized FRET ratio changes up to 200%. These RhoA/B/C FRET sensors show localized GEF and GAP activity and reveal spatial activation differences between RhoA/C and RhoB. Finally, we used these sensors to monitor GEF-specific differential activation of RhoA/B/C. In summary, this study adds high-contrast RhoB/C FRET sensors to the currently available FRET sensor toolkit and uncover new insights in endothelial and RhoGTPase cell biology. This allows us to study activation and signaling by these closely related RhoGTPases with high spatiotemporal resolution in primary human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie R Reinhard
- University of Amsterdam, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sanquin Research, Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne F van Helden
- Sanquin Research, Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eloise C Anthony
- Sanquin Research, Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taofei Yin
- Center for cell analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States of America
| | - Yi I Wu
- Center for cell analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States of America
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- University of Amsterdam, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus W J Gadella
- University of Amsterdam, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- University of Amsterdam, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, van leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sanquin Research, Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Ding Z, Temme S, Quast C, Friebe D, Jacoby C, Zanger K, Bidmon HJ, Grapentin C, Schubert R, Flögel U, Schrader J. Epicardium-Derived Cells Formed After Myocardial Injury Display Phagocytic Activity Permitting In Vivo Labeling and Tracking. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:639-50. [PMID: 27057005 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) cover the heart surface and can function as a source of both progenitor cells and trophic factors for cardiac repair. Currently, EPDCs cannot be conveniently labeled in vivo to permit imaging and cell tracking. EPDCs formed after myocardial infarction (MI) preferentially take up a perfluorocarbon-containing nanoemulsion (PFC-NE; 130 ± 32 nm) injected 3 days after injury, as measured by (19)F-magnetic resonance imaging ((19)F-MRI). Flow cytometry, immune electron microscopy, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats (only immune cells, but not epicardial cells, are GFP(+)) demonstrated that PFC-containing EPDCs are nonhematopoietic (CD45(-)/CD11b(-)) but stain positive for markers of mesenchymal stem cells such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α) CD73, CD105, and CD90. When rhodamine-coupled PFC-NE was used, we found that ρ(+) vessel-like structures formed within the infarcted myocardium, comprising approximately 10% of all large vessels positive for smooth muscle actin (SM-actin). The epicardial cell layer, positive for Wilms' tumor 1 (WT-1), PDGFR-α, or KI-67, was shown to be well capillarized (293 ± 78 capillaries per mm(2)), including fenestrated endothelium. Freshly isolated EPDCs were positive for WT-1, GATA-4, KI-67, and FLK-1 (75%), PDGFR-α (50%), and SM-actin (28%) and also exhibited a high capacity for nanoparticle and cell debris uptake. This study demonstrates that EPDCs formed after MI display strong endocytic activity to take up i.v.-injected labeled nanoemulsions. This feature permitted in vivo labeling and tracking of EPDCs, demonstrating their role in myo- and vasculogenesis. The newly discovered endocytic activity permits in vivo imaging of EPDCs with (19)F-MRI and may be used for the liposomal delivery of substances to further study their reparative potential. SIGNIFICANCE The present study reports that epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) formed after myocardial infarction can specifically endocytose nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro. This novel feature permitted in vivo targeting of EPDCs with either a perfluorocarbon-containing or rhodamine-conjugated nanoemulsion to track migration and fate decision of EPDC with (19)F-magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence microscopy. The liposomal nanoemulsions used in the present study may be useful in the future as a nanomedical device for the delivery of substances to direct cell fate of EPDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Ding
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Quast
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Friebe
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Jacoby
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Zanger
- Center of Anatomy and Brain Research, Department of Anatomy I, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Bidmon
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Grapentin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert Ludwig University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Schubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Albert Ludwig University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Feng G, Sullivan DP, Han F, Muller WA. Segregation of VE-cadherin from the LBRC depends on the ectodomain sequence required for homophilic adhesion. J Cell Sci 2016; 128:576-88. [PMID: 25501813 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.159053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) is a reticulum ofperijunctional tubulovesicular membrane that is continuous with the plasmalemma of endothelial cells and is essential for efficient transendothelial migration (TEM) of leukocytes. The LBRC contains molecules involved in TEM, such as PECAM, PVR and CD99, but not VE-cadherin. Despite its importance, how membrane proteins are included in or excluded from the LBRC is not known. Immunoelectronmicroscopy and biochemical approaches demonstrate that inclusion into the LBRC is the default pathway for transmembrane molecules present at endothelial cell borders. A chimeric molecule composed of the extracellular domain of VE-cadherin and cytoplasmic tail of PECAM (VE-CAD/PECAM) did not enter the LBRC, suggesting that VE-cadherin was excluded by a mechanism involving its extracellular domain. Deletion of the homophilic interaction domain EC1 or the homophilic interaction motif RVDAE allowed VE-CAD/PECAM and even native VE-cadherin to enter the LBRC. Similarly, treatment with RVDAE peptide to block homophilic VE-cadherin interactions allowed endogenous VE-cadherin to enter the LBRC. This suggests that homophilic interactions of VE-cadherin stabilize it at cell borders and prevent entry into the LBRC.
Collapse
|
112
|
Li X, Padhan N, Sjöström EO, Roche FP, Testini C, Honkura N, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Gordon E, Bentley K, Philippides A, Tolmachev V, Dejana E, Stan RV, Vestweber D, Ballmer-Hofer K, Betsholtz C, Pietras K, Jansson L, Claesson-Welsh L. VEGFR2 pY949 signalling regulates adherens junction integrity and metastatic spread. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11017. [PMID: 27005951 PMCID: PMC4814575 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific role of VEGFA-induced permeability and vascular leakage in physiology and pathology has remained unclear. Here we show that VEGFA-induced vascular leakage depends on signalling initiated via the VEGFR2 phosphosite Y949, regulating dynamic c-Src and VE-cadherin phosphorylation. Abolished Y949 signalling in the mouse mutant Vegfr2Y949F/Y949F leads to VEGFA-resistant endothelial adherens junctions and a block in molecular extravasation. Vessels in Vegfr2Y949F/Y949F mice remain sensitive to inflammatory cytokines, and vascular morphology, blood pressure and flow parameters are normal. Tumour-bearing Vegfr2Y949F/Y949F mice display reduced vascular leakage and oedema, improved response to chemotherapy and, importantly, reduced metastatic spread. The inflammatory infiltration in the tumour micro-environment is unaffected. Blocking VEGFA-induced disassembly of endothelial junctions, thereby suppressing tumour oedema and metastatic spread, may be preferable to full vascular suppression in the treatment of certain cancer forms. Signals through VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) increase vascular permeability, promoting cancer progression. Here the authors show that a point mutation in VEGFR2 preventing its auto-phosphorylation leads to reduced metastatic spread and improved response to chemotherapy in tumor-bearing mice, without affecting tumor inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Narendra Padhan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet O Sjöström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francis P Roche
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chiara Testini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naoki Honkura
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Gordon
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katie Bentley
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Philippides
- Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics, University of Sussex, Chichester 1 CI 104, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,c/o IFOM-IEO Campus, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Radu V Stan
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kurt Ballmer-Hofer
- Biomolecular Research, Molecular Cell Biology, Paul-Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. Vascular Biology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village, Lund University, Building 404:A3, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Jansson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 571, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
New insights in the control of vascular permeability: vascular endothelial-cadherin and other players. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 22:267-72. [PMID: 25767951 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The control of the endothelial barrier function is essential for vascular homeostasis and is mainly mediated by cell-to-cell junctions that tightly regulate permeability to plasma solutes and circulating cells such as leukocytes and tumor cells. While in some circumstances the transient dismantling of endothelial cell junctions might be beneficial, in pathological conditions, such as cancer, severe alterations of endothelial junction composition and function are detrimental, causing massive edema and increased interstitial pressure. Here, we aim to discuss the newly and most recently identified molecular mechanisms that cooperate in the control of vascular permeability. RECENT FINDINGS Although the involvement of vascular endothelial-cadherin in the regulation of vascular leakage is well known, recent findings shed light on additional molecules involved in the control of vascular endothelial-cadherin phosphorylation in physiological and pathological conditions, and identified new unknown regulators of the endothelial barrier function. SUMMARY In the past years, several studies explored the contribution of various signaling pathways in the regulation of vascular leakage. Despite encouraging results, a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this process will define druggable targets for new therapeutic interventions to limit endothelial barrier dysfunctions.
Collapse
|
114
|
van Buul JD, Timmerman I. Small Rho GTPase-mediated actin dynamics at endothelial adherens junctions. Small GTPases 2016; 7:21-31. [PMID: 26825121 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2015.1131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
VE-cadherin-based cell-cell junctions form the major restrictive barrier of the endothelium to plasma proteins and blood cells. The function of VE-cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton are intimately linked. Vascular permeability factors and adherent leukocytes signal through small Rho GTPases to tightly regulate actin cytoskeletal rearrangements in order to open and re-assemble endothelial cell-cell junctions in a rapid and controlled manner. The Rho GTPases are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), conferring specificity and context-dependent control of cell-cell junctions. Although the molecular mechanisms that couple cadherins to actin filaments are beginning to be elucidated, specific stimulus-dependent regulation of the actin cytoskeleton at VE-cadherin-based junctions remains unexplained. Accumulating evidence has suggested that depending on the vascular permeability factor and on the subcellular localization of GEFs, cell-cell junction dynamics and organization are differentially regulated by one specific Rho GTPase. In this Commentary, we focus on new insights how the junctional actin cytoskeleton is specifically and locally regulated by Rho GTPases and GEFs in the endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap D van Buul
- a Department of Molecular Cell Biology , Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Timmerman
- b Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory , Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Interleukin-27 re-educates intratumoral myeloid cells and down-regulates stemness genes in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3694-708. [PMID: 25638163 PMCID: PMC4414147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) still fail to significantly increase its survival rate. Here we asked whether Interleukin(IL)-27, which has revealed powerful antitumor activity and is toxicity-free in humans, is a promising therapeutic choice for NSCLC patients. IL-27's effects were tested on Adenocarcinoma (AC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and xenograft models. IL-27Receptor(R) expression was assessed in lung tissues from 78 NSCLC patients. In vitro, IL-27 was ineffective on cancer cell proliferation or apoptosis, but fostered CXCL3/GROγ/MIP2β expression. In vitro and in vivo, IL-27 down-regulated stemness-related genes, namely SONIC HEDGEHOG in AC cells, and OCT4A, SOX2, NOTCH1, KLF4 along with Nestin, SNAI1/SNAIL, SNAI2/SLUG and ZEB1, in SCC cells. In vivo, IL-27 hampered both AC and SCC tumor growth in association with a prominent granulocyte- and macrophage-driven colliquative necrosis, CXCL3 production, and a reduced pluripotency- and EMT-related gene expression. Myeloablation of tumor-bearing hosts mostly abolished IL-27's antitumor effects. In clinical samples, IL-27R expression was found in AC, SCC, pre-cancerous lesions and tumor infiltrating myeloid cells, and correlated with advanced stages of disease. Our data suggest that even immunocompromised or advancer NSCLC patients may benefit from IL-27's antitumor properties based on its ability to drive myeloid cells towards antitumor activities, and down-regulate stemness- and EMT-related genes in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
116
|
Shen Y, Cheng F, Sharma M, Merkulova Y, Raithatha SA, Parkinson LG, Zhao H, Westendorf K, Bohunek L, Bozin T, Hsu I, Ang LS, Williams SJ, Bleackley RC, Eriksson JE, Seidman MA, McManus BM, Granville DJ. Granzyme B Deficiency Protects against Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:87-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
117
|
Giampietro C, Disanza A, Bravi L, Barrios-Rodiles M, Corada M, Frittoli E, Savorani C, Lampugnani MG, Boggetti B, Niessen C, Wrana JL, Scita G, Dejana E. The actin-binding protein EPS8 binds VE-cadherin and modulates YAP localization and signaling. J Cell Biol 2015; 211:1177-92. [PMID: 26668327 PMCID: PMC4687874 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201501089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin transfers intracellular signals contributing to vascular hemostasis. Signaling through VE-cadherin requires association and activity of different intracellular partners. Yes-associated protein (YAP)/TAZ transcriptional cofactors are important regulators of cell growth and organ size. We show that EPS8, a signaling adapter regulating actin dynamics, is a novel partner of VE-cadherin and is able to modulate YAP activity. By biochemical and imaging approaches, we demonstrate that EPS8 associates with the VE-cadherin complex of remodeling junctions promoting YAP translocation to the nucleus and transcriptional activation. Conversely, in stabilized junctions, 14-3-3-YAP associates with the VE-cadherin complex, whereas Eps8 is excluded. Junctional association of YAP inhibits nuclear translocation and inactivates its transcriptional activity both in vitro and in vivo in Eps8-null mice. The absence of Eps8 also increases vascular permeability in vivo, but did not induce other major vascular defects. Collectively, we identified novel components of the adherens junction complex, and we introduce a novel molecular mechanism through which the VE-cadherin complex controls YAP transcriptional activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Giampietro
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Disanza
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bravi
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Barrios-Rodiles
- Center for Systems Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Monica Corada
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Grazia Lampugnani
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Boggetti
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carien Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeff L Wrana
- Center for Systems Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Giorgio Scita
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Frye M, Dierkes M, Küppers V, Vockel M, Tomm J, Zeuschner D, Rossaint J, Zarbock A, Koh GY, Peters K, Nottebaum AF, Vestweber D. Interfering with VE-PTP stabilizes endothelial junctions in vivo via Tie-2 in the absence of VE-cadherin. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2267-87. [PMID: 26642851 PMCID: PMC4689167 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of VE-PTP counters vascular leakage in inflammation via TIE-2, even in the absence of VE-cadherin. Vascular endothelial (VE)–protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) associates with VE-cadherin, thereby supporting its adhesive activity and endothelial junction integrity. VE-PTP also associates with Tie-2, dampening the tyrosine kinase activity of this receptor that can support stabilization of endothelial junctions. Here, we have analyzed how interference with VE-PTP affects the stability of endothelial junctions in vivo. Blocking VE-PTP by antibodies, a specific pharmacological inhibitor (AKB-9778), and gene ablation counteracted vascular leak induction by inflammatory mediators. In addition, leukocyte transmigration through the endothelial barrier was attenuated. Interference with Tie-2 expression in vivo reversed junction-stabilizing effects of AKB-9778 into junction-destabilizing effects. Furthermore, lack of Tie-2 was sufficient to weaken the vessel barrier. Mechanistically, inhibition of VE-PTP stabilized endothelial junctions via Tie-2, which triggered activation of Rap1, which then caused the dissolution of radial stress fibers via Rac1 and suppression of nonmuscle myosin II. Remarkably, VE-cadherin gene ablation did not abolish the junction-stabilizing effect of the VE-PTP inhibitor. Collectively, we conclude that inhibition of VE-PTP stabilizes challenged endothelial junctions in vivo via Tie-2 by a VE-cadherin–independent mechanism. In the absence of Tie-2, however, VE-PTP inhibition destabilizes endothelial barrier integrity in agreement with the VE-cadherin–supportive effect of VE-PTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Frye
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Dierkes
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Küppers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Vockel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Janina Tomm
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute of Basic Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Tietz S, Engelhardt B. Brain barriers: Crosstalk between complex tight junctions and adherens junctions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:493-506. [PMID: 26008742 PMCID: PMC4442813 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Unique intercellular junctional complexes between the central nervous system (CNS) microvascular endothelial cells and the choroid plexus epithelial cells form the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the epithelial blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), respectively. These barriers inhibit paracellular diffusion, thereby protecting the CNS from fluctuations in the blood. Studies of brain barrier integrity during development, normal physiology, and disease have focused on BBB and BCSFB tight junctions but not the corresponding endothelial and epithelial adherens junctions. The crosstalk between adherens junctions and tight junctions in maintaining barrier integrity is an understudied area that may represent a promising target for influencing brain barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tietz
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Ginkgolide B Inhibits JAM-A, Cx43, and VE-Cadherin Expression and Reduces Monocyte Transmigration in Oxidized LDL-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:907926. [PMID: 26246869 PMCID: PMC4515296 DOI: 10.1155/2015/907926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B on junction proteins and the reduction of monocyte migration in oxidized low-density lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) treated endothelial cells. Methods. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in the present study. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to determine the expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), connexin 43 (Cx43), and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). Monocyte migration was detected by the Transwell assay. Results. ox-LDL stimulation increased JAM-A expression by 35%, Cx43 expression by 24%, and VE-cadherin expression by 37% in HUVECs. Ginkgolide B (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/mL) dose-dependently abolished the expression of these junction proteins. The monocyte transmigration experiments showed that the level of monocyte migration was sixfold higher in the ox-LDL-treated group than in the control group. Ginkgolide B (0.6 mg/mL) nearly completely abolished monocyte migration. Both ginkgolide B and LY294002 suppressed Akt phosphorylation and the expression of these junction proteins in ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells. These results suggest that the ginkgolide B-induced inhibition of junction protein expression is associated with blockade of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusion. Ginkgolide B suppressed junction protein expression and reduced monocyte transmigration that was induced by ox-LDL. Ginkgolide B may improve vascular permeability in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
121
|
Abu Taha A, Schnittler HJ. Dynamics between actin and the VE-cadherin/catenin complex: novel aspects of the ARP2/3 complex in regulation of endothelial junctions. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:125-35. [PMID: 24621569 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial adherens junctions are critical for physiological and pathological processes such as differentiation, maintenance of entire monolayer integrity, and the remodeling. The endothelial-specific VE-cadherin/catenin complex provides the backbone of adherens junctions and acts in close interaction with actin filaments and actin/myosin-mediated contractility to fulfill the junction demands. The functional connection between the cadherin/catenin complex and actin filaments might be either directly through ?-catenins, or indirectly e.g., via linker proteins such as vinculin, p120ctn, ?-actinin, or EPLIN. However, both junction integrity and dynamic remodeling have to be contemporarily coordinated. The actin-related protein complex ARP2/3 and its activating molecules, such as N-WASP and WAVE, have been shown to regulate the lammellipodia-mediated formation of cell junctions in both epithelium and endothelium. Recent reports now demonstrate a novel aspect of the ARP2/3 complex and the nucleating-promoting factors in the maintenance of endothelial barrier function and junction remodeling of established endothelial cell junctions. Those mechanisms open novel possibilities; not only in fulfilling physiological demands but obtained information may be of critical importance in pathologies such as wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell diapedesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abu Taha
- Institute of Anatomy & Vascular Biology; WWU-Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4; Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-J Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy & Vascular Biology; WWU-Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4; Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Rodrigues SF, Granger DN. Blood cells and endothelial barrier function. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e978720. [PMID: 25838983 DOI: 10.4161/21688370.2014.978720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier properties of endothelial cells are critical for the maintenance of water and protein balance between the intravascular and extravascular compartments. An impairment of endothelial barrier function has been implicated in the genesis and/or progression of a variety of pathological conditions, including pulmonary edema, ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative disorders, angioedema, sepsis and cancer. The altered barrier function in these conditions is often linked to the release of soluble mediators from resident cells (e.g., mast cells, macrophages) and/or recruited blood cells. The interaction of the mediators with receptors expressed on the surface of endothelial cells diminishes barrier function either by altering the expression of adhesive proteins in the inter-endothelial junctions, by altering the organization of the cytoskeleton, or both. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), proteolytic enzymes (e.g., matrix metalloproteinase, elastase), oncostatin M, and VEGF are part of a long list of mediators that have been implicated in endothelial barrier failure. In this review, we address the role of blood borne cells, including, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, in the regulation of endothelial barrier function in health and disease. Attention is also devoted to new targets for therapeutic intervention in disease states with morbidity and mortality related to endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Key Words
- AJ, Adherens junctions
- ANG-1, Angiopoietin 1
- AQP, Aquaporins
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- CNS, Central nervous system
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- EAE, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- EPAC1, Exchange protein activated by cyclic AMP
- ERK1/2, Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2
- Endothelial barrier
- FA, Focal adhesions
- FAK, focal adhesion tyrosine kinase
- FoxO1, Forkhead box O1
- GAG, Glycosaminoglycans
- GDNF, Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor
- GJ, Gap junctions
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptors
- GTPase, Guanosine 5'-triphosphatase
- HMGB-1, High mobility group box 1
- HRAS, Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- ICAM-1, Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
- IL-1β, Interleukin 1 beta
- IP3, Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
- JAM, Junctional adhesion molecules
- MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MLC, Myosin light chain
- MLCK, Myosin light-chain kinase
- MMP, Matrix metalloproteinases
- NO, Nitric oxide
- OSM, Oncostatin M
- PAF, Platelet activating factor
- PDE, Phosphodiesterase
- PKA, Protein kinase A
- PNA, Platelet-neutrophil aggregates
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Rac1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
- Rap1, Ras-related protein 1
- RhoA, Ras homolog gene family, member A
- S1P, Sphingosine-1-phosphate
- SCID, Severe combined immunodeficient
- SOCS-3, Suppressors of cytokine signaling 3
- Shp-2, Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2
- Src, Sarcoma family of protein kinases
- TEER, Transendothelial electrical resistance
- TGF-beta1, Transforming growth factor-beta1
- TJ, Tight junctions
- TNF-, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VCAM-1, Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
- VE, Vascular endothelial
- VE-PTP, Vascular endothelial receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VVO, Vesiculo-vacuolar organelle
- ZO, Zonula occludens
- cAMP, 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
- pSrc, Phosphorylated Src
- platelets
- vascular permeability
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Sao Paulo ; Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center ; Shreveport, LA USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
|
124
|
Davis GE, Norden PR, Bowers SLK. Molecular control of capillary morphogenesis and maturation by recognition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix: functional roles of endothelial cells and pericytes in health and disease. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:392-402. [PMID: 26305158 PMCID: PMC4765926 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1066781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses fundamental mechanisms underlying how capillaries form in three-dimensional extracellular matrices and how endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes co-assemble to form capillary networks. In addition to playing a critical role in supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues, recent work suggests that blood vessels supply important signals to facilitate tissue development. Here, we hypothesize that another major function of capillaries is to supply signals to suppress major disease mechanisms including inflammation, infection, thrombosis, hemorrhage, edema, ischemic injury, fibrosis, autoimmune disease and tumor growth/progression. Capillary dysfunction plays a key pathogenic role in many human diseases, and thus, this suppressing function may be attenuated and central toward the initiation and progression of disease. We describe how capillaries form through creation of EC-lined tube networks and vascular guidance tunnels in 3D extracellular matrices. Pericytes recruit to the abluminal EC tube surface within these tunnel spaces, and work together to assemble the vascular basement membrane matrix. These processes occur under serum-free conditions in 3D collagen or fibrin matrices and in response to five key growth factors which are stem cell factor, interleukin-3, stromal-derived factor-1α, fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin. In addition, we identified a key role for EC-derived platelet-derived growth factor-BB and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor in pericyte recruitment and proliferation to promote EC-pericyte tube co-assembly and vascular basement membrane matrix deposition. A molecular understanding of capillary morphogenesis and maturation should lead to novel therapeutic strategies to repair capillary dysfunction in major human disease contexts including cancer and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Davis
- a Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology , Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Pieter R Norden
- a Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology , Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Stephanie L K Bowers
- a Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology , Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine , Columbia , MO , USA
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Pienaar IS, Lee CH, Elson JL, McGuinness L, Gentleman SM, Kalaria RN, Dexter DT. Deep-brain stimulation associates with improved microvascular integrity in the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 74:392-405. [PMID: 25533682 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an accepted treatment for motor symptoms in a subset of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The mechanisms why DBS is effective are incompletely understood, but previous studies show that DBS targeted in brain structures other than the STN may modify the microvasculature. However, this has not been studied in PD subjects who have received STN-DBS. Here we investigated the extent and nature of microvascular changes in post-mortem STN samples from STN-DBS PD patients, compared to aged controls and PD patients who had not been treated with STN-DBS. We used immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods to assess serial STN-containing brain sections from PD and STN-DBS PD cases, compared to similar age controls using specific antibodies to detect capillaries, an adherens junction and tight junction-associated proteins as well as activated microglia. Cellular features in stained sections were quantified by confocal fluorescence microscopy and stereological methods in conjunction with in vitro imaging tools. We found significant upregulation of microvessel endothelial cell thickness, length and density but lowered activated microglia density and striking upregulation of all analysed adherens junction and tight junction-associated proteins in STN-DBS PD patients compared to non-DBS PD patients and controls. Moreover, in STN-DBS PD samples, expression of an angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was significantly upregulated compared to the other groups. Our findings suggest that overexpressed VEGF and downregulation of inflammatory processes may be critical mechanisms underlying the DBS-induced microvascular changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Pienaar
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - Cecilia Heyne Lee
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Louisa McGuinness
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Gentleman
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - David T Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Cadherins in tissue architecture and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 93:5-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
127
|
Zhu J, Ide H, Fu YY, Teichert AM, Kato H, Weisel RD, Maynes JT, Coles JG, Caldarone CA. Losartan ameliorates “upstream” pulmonary vein vasculopathy in a piglet model of pulmonary vein stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:2550-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
128
|
Sauteur L, Krudewig A, Herwig L, Ehrenfeuchter N, Lenard A, Affolter M, Belting HG. Cdh5/VE-cadherin promotes endothelial cell interface elongation via cortical actin polymerization during angiogenic sprouting. Cell Rep 2014; 9:504-13. [PMID: 25373898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ morphogenesis requires the coordination of cell behaviors. Here, we have analyzed dynamic endothelial cell behaviors underlying sprouting angiogenesis in vivo. Two different mechanisms contribute to sprout outgrowth: tip cells show strong migratory behavior, whereas extension of the stalk is dependent upon cell elongation. To investigate the function of Cdh5 in sprout outgrowth, we generated null mutations in the zebrafish cdh5 gene, and we found that junctional remodeling and cell elongation are impaired in mutant embryos. The defects are associated with a disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cannot be rescued by expression of a truncated version of Cdh5. Finally, the defects in junctional remodeling can be phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of actin polymerization, but not by inhibiting actin-myosin contractility. Taken together, our results support a model in which Cdh5 organizes junctional and cortical actin cytoskeletons, as well as provides structural support for polymerizing F-actin cables during endothelial cell elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Sauteur
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alice Krudewig
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Herwig
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Evangelista KV, Hahn B, Wunder EA, Ko AI, Haake DA, Coburn J. Identification of cell-binding adhesins of Leptospira interrogans. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3215. [PMID: 25275630 PMCID: PMC4183468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed bacterial infectious disease caused by pathogenic members of the genus Leptospira. Infection can lead to illness ranging from mild and non-specific to severe, with jaundice, kidney and liver dysfunction, and widespread endothelial damage. The adhesion of pathogenic Leptospira species (spp.), the causative agent of leptospirosis, to host tissue components is necessary for infection and pathogenesis. While it is well-established that extracellular matrix (ECM) components play a role in the interaction of the pathogen with host molecules, we have shown that pathogenic Leptospira interrogans binds to host cells more efficiently than to ECM components. Using in vitro phage display to select for phage clones that bind to EA.hy926 endothelial cells, we identified the putative lipoproteins LIC10508 and LIC13411, and the conserved hypothetical proteins LIC12341 and LIC11574, as candidate L. interrogans sv. Copenhageni st. Fiocruz L1-130 adhesins. Recombinant LIC11574, but not its L. biflexa homologue LBF1629, exhibited dose-dependent binding to both endothelial and epithelial cells. In addition, LIC11574 and LIC13411 bind to VE-cadherin, an endothelial cell receptor for L. interrogans. Extraction of bacteria with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 resulted in partitioning of the candidate adhesins to the detergent fraction, a likely indication that these proteins are outer membrane localized. All candidate adhesins were recognized by sera obtained from leptospirosis patients but not by sera from healthy individuals as assessed by western blot. This work has identified bacterial adhesins that are potentially involved in L. interrogans infection of the mammalian host, and through cadherin binding, may contribute to dissemination and vascular damage. Our findings may be of value in leptospirosis control and prevention, with the bacterial adhesins potentially serving as targets for development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen V. Evangelista
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Beth Hahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elsio A. Wunder
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David A. Haake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, Urology, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jenifer Coburn
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Cardioprotection: a review of current practice in global ischemia and future translational perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:325725. [PMID: 25276778 PMCID: PMC4172998 DOI: 10.1155/2014/325725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The idea of protecting the heart from ischemic insult during heart surgery to allow elective cardiac arrest is as old as the idea of cardiac surgery itself. The current gold standard in clinical routine is a high potassium regimen added either to crystalloid or blood cardioplegic solutions inducing depolarized arrest. Ongoing patient demographic changes with increasingly older, comorbidly ill patients and increasing case complexity with increasingly structurally abnormal hearts as morphological correlate paired with evolutions in pediatric cardiac surgery allowing more complex procedures than ever before redefine requirements for cardioprotection.
Many, in part adversarial, regimens to protect the myocardium from ischemic insults have entered clinical routine; however, functional recovery of the heart is still often impaired due to perfusion injury. Myocardial reperfusion damage is a key determinant of postoperative organ functional recovery, morbidity, and mortality in adult and pediatric patients.
There is a discrepancy between what current protective strategies are capable of and what they are expected to do in a rapidly changing cardiac surgery community. An increased understanding of the molecular players of ischemia reperfusion injury offers potential seeds for new cardioprotective regimens and may further displace boundaries of what is technically feasible.
Collapse
|
131
|
García-Ponce A, Citalán-Madrid AF, Velázquez-Avila M, Vargas-Robles H, Schnoor M. The role of actin-binding proteins in the control of endothelial barrier integrity. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:20-36. [PMID: 25183310 DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial barrier of the vasculature is of utmost importance for separating the blood stream from underlying tissues. This barrier is formed by tight and adherens junctions (TJ and AJ) that form intercellular endothelial contacts. TJ and AJ are integral membrane structures that are connected to the actin cytoskeleton via various adaptor molecules. Consequently, the actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in regulating the stability of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability. While a circumferential cortical actin ring stabilises junctions, the formation of contractile stress fibres, e. g. under inflammatory conditions, can contribute to junction destabilisation. However, the role of actin-binding proteins (ABP) in the control of vascular permeability has long been underestimated. Naturally, ABP regulate permeability via regulation of actin remodelling but some actin-binding molecules can also act independently of actin and control vascular permeability via various signalling mechanisms such as activation of small GTPases. Several studies have recently been published highlighting the importance of actin-binding molecules such as cortactin, ezrin/radixin/moesin, Arp2/3, VASP or WASP for the control of vascular permeability by various mechanisms. These proteins have been described to regulate vascular permeability under various pathophysiological conditions and are thus of clinical relevance as targets for the development of treatment strategies for disorders that are characterised by vascular hyperpermeability such as sepsis. This review highlights recent advances in determining the role of ABP in the control of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Dr. Michael Schnoor, CINVESTAV del IPN, Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico, Tel.: +52 55 5747 3321, Fax: +52 55 5747 3938, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Liu Y, Zhu S, Wang Y, Hu J, Xu L, Ding L, Liu G. Neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in focal cerebral infarction: relationship with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1117-21. [PMID: 25206770 PMCID: PMC4146099 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.135313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection by ischemic preconditioning has been confirmed by many studies, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we performed cerebral ischemic preconditioning in rats by simulating a transient ischemic attack twice (each a 20-minute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery) before inducing focal cerebral infarction (2 hour occlusion-reperfusion in the same artery). We also explored the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. Seven days after occlusion-reperfusion, tetrazolium chloride staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that the infarct volume was significantly smaller in the group that underwent preconditioning than in the model group. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor immunoreactivity was considerably greater in the hippocampal CA3 region of preconditioned rats than model rats. Our results suggest that the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on focal cerebral infarction are associated with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yunfu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingquan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangjian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Sidibé A, Polena H, Razanajatovo J, Mannic T, Chaumontel N, Bama S, Maréchal I, Huber P, Gulino-Debrac D, Bouillet L, Vilgrain I. Dynamic phosphorylation of VE-cadherin Y685 throughout mouse estrous cycle in ovary and uterus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H448-54. [PMID: 24858855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00773.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that vascular endothelial growth factor induced vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation at Y685 in a Src-dependent manner in vitro. Here, we studied the occurrence of Y685 phosphorylation in vivo in the female reproductive tract because it is a unique model of physiological vascular remodeling dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor. We first developed and characterized an anti-phospho-specific antibody against the site Y685 of VE-cadherin to monitor VE-cadherin phosphorylation along the four phases of mouse estrous cycle, termed proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. A dynamic profile of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins was observed in both uterus and ovary throughout mouse estrous cycle, including kinase Src, which was found highly active at the estrus phase. The extent of tyrosine phosphorylated VE-cadherin was low at proestrus but strongly increased at estrus and returned to baseline at metestrus and diestrus, suggesting a potent hormonal regulation of this specific process. Indeed, C57Bl/6 female mice treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin confirmed a significant increase in phosphoY685-VE-cadherin compared with that in untreated mice. These results demonstrate that VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation at Y685 is a physiological and hormonally regulated process in female reproductive organs. In addition, this process was concomitant with the early steps of vascular remodeling taking place at estrus stage, suggesting that phosphoY685-VE-cadherin is a biomarker of endothelial cell activation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adama Sidibé
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Helena Polena
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Jeremy Razanajatovo
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Tiphaine Mannic
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Nicolas Chaumontel
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Soumalamaya Bama
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Irène Maréchal
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Philippe Huber
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Danielle Gulino-Debrac
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and Division of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
AmotL2 links VE-cadherin to contractile actin fibres necessary for aortic lumen expansion. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3743. [PMID: 24806444 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of individual endothelial cells into multicellular tubes is a complex morphogenetic event in vascular development. Extracellular matrix cues and cell-cell junctional communication are fundamental to tube formation. Together they determine the shape of endothelial cells and the tubular structures that they ultimately form. Little is known regarding how mechanical signals are transmitted between cells to control cell shape changes during morphogenesis. Here we provide evidence that the scaffold protein amotL2 is needed for aortic vessel lumen expansion. Using gene inactivation strategies in zebrafish, mouse and endothelial cell culture systems, we show that amotL2 associates to the VE-cadherin adhesion complex where it couples adherens junctions to contractile actin fibres. Inactivation of amotL2 dissociates VE-cadherin from cytoskeletal tensile forces that affect endothelial cell shape. We propose that the VE-cadherin/amotL2 complex is responsible for transmitting mechanical force between endothelial cells for the coordination of cellular morphogenesis consistent with aortic lumen expansion and function.
Collapse
|
135
|
Schnittler H, Taha M, Schnittler MO, Taha AA, Lindemann N, Seebach J. Actin filament dynamics and endothelial cell junctions: the Ying and Yang between stabilization and motion. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:529-43. [PMID: 24643678 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a cellular interface between the blood and the interstitial space of tissue, which controls the exchange of fluid, solutes and cells by both transcellular and paracellular means. To accomplish the demands on barrier function, the regulation of the endothelium requires quick and adaptive mechanisms. This is, among others, accomplished by actin dynamics that interdependently interact with both the VE-cadherin/catenin complex, the main components of the adherens type junctions in endothelium and the membrane cytoskeleton. Actin filaments in endothelium are components of super-structured protein assemblies that control a variety of dynamic processes such as endo- and exocytosis, shape change, cell-substrate along with cell-cell adhesion and cell motion. In endothelium, actin filaments are components of: (1) contractile actin bundles appearing as stress fibers and junction-associated circumferential actin filaments, (2) actin networks accompanied by endocytotic ruffles, lamellipodia at leading edges of migrating cells and junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia (JAIL) that dynamically maintain junction integrity, (3) cortical actin and (4) the membrane cytoskeleton. All these structures, most probably interact with cell junctions and cell-substrate adhesion sites. Due to the rapid growth in information, we aim to provide a bird's eye view focusing on actin filaments in endothelium and its functional relevance for entire cell and junction integrity, rather than discussing the detailed molecular mechanism for control of actin dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Novel insights into the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:687-99. [PMID: 24590145 PMCID: PMC3972432 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS) and is a prerequisite for proper neuronal function. The BBB is localized to microvascular endothelial cells that strictly control the passage of metabolites into and out of the CNS. Complex and continuous tight junctions and lack of fenestrae combined with low pinocytotic activity make the BBB endothelium a tight barrier for water soluble moleucles. In combination with its expression of specific enzymes and transport molecules, the BBB endothelium is unique and distinguishable from all other endothelial cells in the body. During embryonic development, the CNS is vascularized by angiogenic sprouting from vascular networks originating outside of the CNS in a precise spatio-temporal manner. The particular barrier characteristics of BBB endothelial cells are induced during CNS angiogenesis by cross-talk with cellular and acellular elements within the developing CNS. In this review, we summarize the currently known cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating brain angiogenesis and introduce more recently discovered CNS-specific pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Norrin/Frizzled4 and hedgehog) and molecules (GPR124) that are crucial in BBB differentiation and maturation. Finally, based on observations that BBB dysfunction is associated with many human diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke and brain tumors, we discuss recent insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining barrier characteristics in the mature BBB endothelium.
Collapse
|
137
|
Küppers V, Vockel M, Nottebaum AF, Vestweber D. Phosphatases and kinases as regulators of the endothelial barrier function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:577-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
138
|
Fusing VE-cadherin to α-catenin impairs fetal liver hematopoiesis and lymph but not blood vessel formation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1634-48. [PMID: 24567373 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01526-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that genetic replacement of VE-cadherin by a VE-cadherin-α-catenin fusion construct strongly impairs opening of endothelial cell contacts during leukocyte extravasation and induction of vascular permeability in adult mice. Here we show that this mutation leads to lethality at midgestation on a clean C57BL/6 background. Investigating the reasons for embryonic lethality, we observed a lack of fetal liver hematopoiesis and severe lymphedema but no detectable defects in blood vessel formation and remodeling. As for the hematopoiesis defect, VE-cadherin-α-catenin affected neither the generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from hemogenic endothelium nor their differentiation into multiple hematopoietic lineages. Instead, HSPCs accumulated in the fetal circulation, suggesting that their entry into the fetal liver was blocked. Edema formation was caused by disturbed lymphatic vessel development. Lymphatic progenitor cells of VE-cadherin-α-catenin-expressing embryos were able to leave the cardinal vein and migrate to the site of the first lymphatic vessel formation, yet subsequently, these cells failed to form large lumenized lymphatic vessels. Thus, stabilizing endothelial cell contacts by a covalent link between VE-cadherin and α-catenin affects recruitment of hematopoietic progenitors into the fetal liver and the development of lymph but not blood vessels.
Collapse
|
139
|
VE-cadherin and endothelial adherens junctions: active guardians of vascular integrity. Dev Cell 2013; 26:441-54. [PMID: 24044891 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
VE-cadherin is a component of endothelial cell-to-cell adherens junctions, and it has a key role in the maintenance of vascular integrity. During embryo development, VE-cadherin is required for the organization of a stable vascular system, and in the adult it controls vascular permeability and inhibits unrestrained vascular growth. The mechanisms of action of VE-cadherin are complex and include reshaping and organization of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton and modulation of gene transcription. Here we review some of the most important pathways through which VE-cadherin modulates vascular homeostasis and discuss the emerging concepts in the overall biological role of this protein.
Collapse
|
140
|
Charpentier MS, Conlon FL. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying blood vessel lumen formation. Bioessays 2013; 36:251-9. [PMID: 24323945 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of a functional vascular system requires multiple complex steps throughout embryogenesis, from endothelial cell (EC) specification to vascular patterning into venous and arterial hierarchies. Following the initial assembly of ECs into a network of cord-like structures, vascular expansion and remodeling occur rapidly through morphogenetic events including vessel sprouting, fusion, and pruning. In addition, vascular morphogenesis encompasses the process of lumen formation, critical for the transformation of cords into perfusable vascular tubes. Studies in mouse, zebrafish, frog, and human endothelial cells have begun to outline the cellular and molecular requirements underlying lumen formation. Although the lumen can be generated through diverse mechanisms, the coordinated participation of multiple conserved molecules including transcription factors, small GTPases, and adhesion and polarity proteins remains a fundamental principle, leading us closer to a more thorough understanding of this complex event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Charpentier
- McAllister Heart Institute, Departments of Biology and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Park YK, Tu TY, Lim SH, Clement IJM, Yang SY, Kamm RD. In Vitro Microvessel Growth and Remodeling within a Three-dimensional Microfluidic Environment. Cell Mol Bioeng 2013; 7:15-25. [PMID: 24660039 PMCID: PMC3960002 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-013-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents in vitro microvascular network formation within 3D gel scaffolds made from different concentrations of type-I collagen, fibrin, or a mixture of collagen and fibrin, using a simple microfluidic platform. Initially, microvascular network formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was examined using live time-lapse confocal microscopy every 90 min from 3 h to 12 h after seeding within three different concentrations of collagen gel scaffolds. Among the three conditions of collagen gel scaffolds (2.0 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, and 3.0 mg/ml), the number of skeleton within collagen gel scaffolds was consistently the highest (3.0 mg/ml), followed by those of collagen gel scaffolds (2.5 mg/ml and 2.0 mg/ml). Results demonstrated that concentration of collagen gel scaffolds, which influences matrix stiffness and ligand density, may affect microvascular network formation during the early stages of vasculogenesis. In addition, the maturation of microvascular networks in monoculture under different gel compositions within gel scaffolds (2.5 mg/ml) was examined for 7 d using live confocal microscopy. It was confirmed that pure fibrin gel scaffolds are preferable to collagen gel or collagen/fibrin combinations, significantly reducing matrix retractions during maturation of microvascular networks for 7 d. Finally, early steps in the maturation process of microvascular networks for 14 d were characterized by demonstrating sequential steps of branching, expanding, remodeling, pruning, and clear delineation of lumens within fibrin gel scaffolds. Our findings demonstrate an in vitro model for generating mature microvascular networks within 3D microfluidic fibrin gel scaffolds (2.5 mg/ml), and furthermore suggest the importance of gel concentration and composition in promoting the maturation of microvascular networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young K Park
- Biosystems & Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Center, Singapore 117543 ; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- Biosystems & Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Center, Singapore 117543
| | - Sei Hien Lim
- Biosystems & Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Center, Singapore 117543
| | - Ivan J M Clement
- Computational Biology Programme, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - Se Y Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Biosystems & Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Center, Singapore 117543 ; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Yuan Z, Zhang W, Tan W. A labile pool of IQGAP1 disassembles endothelial adherens junctions. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13377-90. [PMID: 23807500 PMCID: PMC3742192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules are known to play an important role in endothelial activation and angiogenesis. Here we determined the functional role of IQGAP1 in the regulation of endothelial adherens junctions. VE-cadherin is found to be associated with actin filaments and thus stable, but IQGAP1 at intercellular junctions is not bound to actin filaments and thus labile. Expression of GFP labeled VE-α-catenin is shown to increase the electrical resistance across HUVEC monolayers and diminishes endogenous labile IQGAP1 at the intercellular junctions. Knockdown of endogenous IQGAP1 enhances intercellular adhesion in HUVECs by increasing the association of VE-cadherin with P120 and β-catenin. IQGAP1 knockdown also decreases the interaction of N-cadherin with P120 and β-catenin. Together, these results suggest that a labile pool of IQGAP1 at intercellular junctions disassembles adherens junctions and thus impairs endothelial cell-cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China; E-Mail:
| | - Wentao Zhang
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; E-Mail:
- Nanotides Inc., 401 Professional Drive, Suite 130, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-020-3938-0669
| |
Collapse
|