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Comparative miRNA signatures among Sahiwal and Frieswal cattle breeds during summer stress. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:79. [PMID: 33505834 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to take part in different biological mechanisms, including biotic as well as abiotic cellular stresses. The present investigation was aimed to identify comparative expression profile of differentially expressed miRNAs among Sahiwal (Bos indicus) and Frieswal (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) cattle breeds during summer stress. Stress responses in animals were characterized by recording various physiological parameters, biochemical assays and expression profiling of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) during elevated environmental temperature. Ion Torrent-based deep sequencing as well as CLC-genomic analysis identified 322 and 420 Bos taurus annotated miRNAs among Sahiwal and Frieswal, respectively. A total 69 common miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed during summer among the breeds. Out of the 69, a total 14 differentially expressed miRNAs viz. bta-mir 6536-2, bta-mir-2898, bta-mir-let-7b, bta-mir-425, bta-mir-2332, bta-mir-2478, bta-mir-150, bta-mir142, bta-mir-16a, bta-mir-2311, bta-mir-1839, bta-mir-1248-1, bta-mir-103-2 and bta-mir-181b were randomly selected for qRT-PCR-based validation. bta-mir-2898, bta-mir-6536-1, bta-mir-let-7b, bta-mir-2478, bta-mir-150, bta-mir-16a, bta-mir-2311, bta-mir-1032-b and bta-mir-181-b were significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated during summer among Frieswal in comparison to Sahiwal while, bta-mir 6536-2, bta-mir-2332, bta-mir142, bta-mir-1839 and bta-mir-1248-1 was significantly (p < 0.01) expressed at higher level in Sahiwal in contrast to Frieswal correlation coefficient analysis revealed that bta-mir(s)-150, 16a and 181b are negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with Hsp70 expression. Thus, this study identified that miRNA expression during summer stress can vary between the breeds which may reflect their differential post-transcriptional regulation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02608-4.
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102
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Martins C, Fonseca-Neto A, Bessler H, Dode M, Leme L, Franco M, McManus C, Malaquias J, Ferreira I. Natural shade from integrated crop–livestock–forestry mitigates environmental heat and increases the quantity and quality of oocytes and embryos produced in vitro by Gyr dairy cows. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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103
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N, Ciriaco FM, Sanford CD, Canal LB, Cooke RF, Pohler KG, Henry DD, Mercadante VRG, Ealy AD, Johnson SE, DiLorenzo N, Lamb GC. Effects of nutrient restriction on the metabolic profile of Bos indicus-influenced and B. taurus suckled beef cows. Animal 2021; 15:100166. [PMID: 33500214 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research from our group demonstrated that Bos indicus-influenced suckled beef cows had greater resilience to withstand nutrient restriction and establish pregnancy compared with B. taurus cows exposed to the same conditions. To further understand these findings, differences in metabolic profile between these same B. indicus-influenced and B. taurus females were explored. Suckled beef cows (n = 134) were enrolled in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. On day -21, Angus (AN; Bos taurus) and Brangus (BN; B. indicus-influenced) cows were randomly assigned to 1) a diet that met daily energy maintenance requirements (MAINT), or 2) a diet that restricted intake to 70% of the daily energy maintenance requirements (RESTR). Cows were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol and received an embryo 7 d after ovulation was pharmacologically induced on day 0. Blood samples were collected on days -21 and 19 to determine circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, glucose, and IGF-1. Pregnancy status after embryo transfer was determined on day 28. As a consequence of the proposed diets, cows in the RESTR diet had less body condition score (BCS) on day 19 (P = 0.008) across breed types. Moreover, BCS change from day -21 to 19 was included as independent covariate into subsequent analyses, allowing for the comparison of breed types under an equivalent level of body reserve mobilization. A breed × diet interaction was observed for plasma insulin (P = 0.03) and IGF-1 (P = 0.04) on day 19, where AN-RESTR cows had less plasma concentrations on day 19 compared with AN-MAINT cows. Diets did not impact (P > 0.10) plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentrations in BN cows. No diet or breed effects were observed in circulating concentrations of NEFA, BHB, and glucose (P > 0.10). Across breed types and nutritional treatment, there was positive linear effect (P ≤ 0.04) of plasma concentrations of insulin and IGF-1 on the probability of pregnancy to fixed-time embryo transfer. In summary, the negative impacts of nutrient restriction on the somatotropic axis, independently of body tissue mobilization, were heightened in Bos taurus females compared with B. indicus-influenced cohorts, which corroborate with the differences observed in fertility between these subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L P Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America.
| | - N Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - F M Ciriaco
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - C D Sanford
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States of America
| | - L B Canal
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, United States of America
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - D D Henry
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States of America
| | - V R G Mercadante
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - A D Ealy
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - S E Johnson
- Department of Animal & Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - N DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, United States of America
| | - G C Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
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104
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Heat stress in dairy animals and current milk production trends, economics, and future perspectives: the global scenario. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:70. [PMID: 33398462 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal's well-being, growth, and production are modulated by environmental conditions, and managemental practices and can be deleteriously affected by global warming phenomenon. In the recent years, unprecedented climatic fluctuations like sustained higher temperatures and humidity, heat waves, and solar flares have led to economic losses in $ billions to both milk and meat industry. It is estimated that by 2050, the US dairy industry alone will borne more than $1.7 billion loss. As human dependency on animal products like milk, meat, and eggs for nutrition is exponentially rising, there is urgency for maximum production. The high yielding animals are already under tremendous metabolic pressure making them more susceptible to adverse climatic conditions. When exposed to heat stress, livestock display a variety of behavioral and physiological acclimatization as essential survival strategies, but at the cost of decreased milk, meat, or egg production. Most of the studies have explored the heat stress in animals and its effect on different milk productions in a specific region or country. A clear understanding of the impact of global warming on dairy enterprise is yet to be comprehended. So this exploratory study will analyze impact of global warming on current milk production trends, economics, and future perspectives.
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105
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Idris M, Uddin J, Sullivan M, McNeill DM, Phillips CJC. Non-Invasive Physiological Indicators of Heat Stress in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E71. [PMID: 33401687 PMCID: PMC7824675 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle are susceptible to heat stress, especially those kept on high levels of nutrition for the purpose of maximising growth rates, which leads to a significant heat increment in their bodies. Consequences include compromised health and productivity and mortalities during extreme events, as well as serious economic loss. Some measures of heat stress, such as plasma cortisol and temperature in the rectum, vagina, or rumen, are invasive and therefore unlikely to be used on farms. These may cause additional stress to the animal due to handling, and that stress in itself can confound the measure. Consequently, it is desirable to find non-invasive alternatives. Panting score (PS), cortisol metabolites in faeces, milk, or hair, and the infrared temperature of external body surfaces are all potentially useful. Respiratory indicators are difficult and time consuming to record accurately, and cortisol metabolites are expensive and technically difficult to analyse. Infrared temperature appears to offer the best solution but requires further research to determine the thresholds that define when corrective actions are required to ensure optimal health and productivity. Research in this area has the potential to ultimately improve the welfare and profitability of cattle farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musadiq Idris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (J.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Jashim Uddin
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (J.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Megan Sullivan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - David M. McNeill
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (J.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Clive J. C. Phillips
- Curtin University Sustainable Policy Institute, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
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106
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Berton MP, de Antunes Lemos MV, Seleguim Chud TC, Bonvino Stafuzza N, Kluska S, Amorim ST, Silva Ferlin Lopes L, Cravo Pereira AS, Bickhart D, Liu G, Galvão de Albuquerque L, Baldi F. Genome-wide association study between copy number variation regions and carcass- and meat-quality traits in Nellore cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Context
Indicine breeds are the main source of beef products in tropical and subtropical regions. However, genetic improvement for carcass- and meat-quality traits in zebu cattle have been limited and genomics studies concerning structural variations that influence these traits are essential.
Aim
The aim of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study between copy number variation regions (CNVRs) and carcass- and meat quality-traits in Nellore cattle.
Methods
In total, 3794 animals, males and females included, were genotyped using a 777962 single-nucleotide polymorphism platform of BovineHD BeadChip (777k; Illumina Inc.). Of these, 1751 Nellore bulls were slaughtered at 24 months of age for further carcass beef analysis. The following traits were studied: beef tenderness, marbling, rib-eye area, backfat thickness and meat colour (lightness, redness and yellowness). The CNV detection was conducted through PennCNV software. The association analyses were performed using CNVRuler software.
Key results
Several identified genomic regions were linked to quantitative trait loci associated with fat deposition (FABP7) and lipid metabolism (PPARA; PLA2 family; BCHE), extracellular matrix (INS; COL10A1), contraction (SLC34A3; TRDN) and muscle development (CAPZP). The gene-enrichment analyses highlighted biological mechanisms directly related to the metabolism and synthesis of lipids and fatty acids.
Conclusions
The large number of potential candidate genes identified within the CNVRs, as well as the functions and pathways identified, should help better elucidate the genetic mechanisms involved in the expression of beef and carcass traits in Nellore cattle. Several CNVRs harboured genes that might have a functional impact to improve the beef and carcass traits.
Implications
The results obtained contribute to upgrade the sensorial and organoleptic attributes of Nellore cattle and make feasible the genetic improvement of carcass- and meat-quality traits.
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107
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Freitas Silveira RM, Ferreira J, Busanello M, Maria de Vasconcelos A, Jannuzzi Valente FL, Evangelista Façanha DA. Relationship between thermal environment and morphophysiological, performance and carcass traits of Brahman bulls raised on tropical pasture: A canonical approach to a set of indicators. J Therm Biol 2020; 96:102814. [PMID: 33627260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand and discuss the relationships of the thermal environment, morphophysiological response, performance, and carcass traits of Brahman bulls from weaning at 18 months exposed to grazing conditions based on the physiological and evolutionary rationale behind the different proposals for the thermal adaptation of zebu cattle. Fifty-three uncastrated and clinically healthy bulls with birth and weaning weight of 34.0 ± 3.32 kg and 215.5 ± 44.75 kg, respectively, were evaluated. Fifteen canonical correlations were estimated, but only six were significant: thermal environment × thermoregulatory responses (rc = 0.4635; P = 0.0413); thermal environment × performance (rc = 0.4338; P = 0.0218); thermoregulatory responses × performance (rc = 0.5119; P = 0.0071); hair coat characteristics × performance (rc = 0.4939; P = 0.0273); hormone × carcass traits (rc = 0.5408; P = 0.0698); and performance × carcass traits (rc = 0.9644; P < 0.0001). Thermal environment, thermoregulatory responses and hair coat morphology influence of 18.81%, 21.49% and 24.40%, respectively, were found in the performance. We also concluded that (i) rectal temperature (RT) is a homoeothermic indicator; (ii) sweating rate (SR) is an important heat dissipation mechanism to explain the adaptation of zebu animals in the tropics and is related to weight at 550 days (W550); (iii) coat morphology, especially length (HL), diameter (HD) and hair density (ND) are related to animal performance; and (iv) hormonal profile, mainly T4, influences the carcass traits (yield, weight, subcutaneous fat and marble meat).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josiel Ferreira
- Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region (UFERSA), Department of Animal Science, 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcos Busanello
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" /University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Department of Animal Science and Pastures, 13418900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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108
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Rehman SU, Nadeem A, Javed M, Hassan FU, Luo X, Khalid RB, Liu Q. Genomic Identification, Evolution and Sequence Analysis of the Heat-Shock Protein Gene Family in Buffalo. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1388. [PMID: 33238553 PMCID: PMC7700627 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSP) are conserved chaperones crucial for protein degradation, maturation, and refolding. These adenosine triphosphate dependent chaperones were classified based on their molecular mass that ranges between 10-100 kDA, including; HSP10, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, HSPB1, HSPD, and HSPH1 family. HSPs are essential for cellular responses and imperative for protein homeostasis and survival under stress conditions. This study performed a computational analysis of the HSP protein family to better understand these proteins at the molecular level. Physiochemical properties, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis were performed for 64 HSP genes in the Bubalus bubalis genome. Four genes were identified as belonging to the HSP90 family, 10 to HSP70, 39 to HSP40, 8 to HSPB, one for each HSPD, HSPH1, and HSP10, respectively. The aliphatic index was higher for HSP90 and HSP70 as compared to the HSP40 family, indicating their greater thermostability. Grand Average of hydropathicity Index values indicated the hydrophilic nature of HSP90, HSP70, and HSP40. Multiple sequence alignment indicated the presence of highly conserved consensus sequences that are plausibly significant for the preservation of structural integrity of proteins. In addition, this study has expanded our current knowledge concerning the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness of HSPs of buffalo with other mammalian species. The phylogenetic tree revealed that buffalo is more closely related to Capra hircus and distantly associated with Danio rerio. Our findings provide an understanding of HSPs in buffalo at the molecular level for the first time. This study highlights functionally important HSPs and indicates the need for further investigations to better understand the role and mechanism of HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (S.u.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Asif Nadeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore-54000, Pakistan;
| | - Maryam Javed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan; (M.J.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Faiz-ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan;
| | - Xier Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (S.u.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Ruqayya Bint Khalid
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-54000, Pakistan; (M.J.); (R.B.K.)
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; (S.u.R.); (X.L.)
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109
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Callaby R, Kelly R, Mazeri S, Egbe F, Benedictus L, Clark E, Doeschl-Wilson A, Bronsvoort B, Salavati M, Muwonge A. Genetic Diversity of Cameroon Cattle and a Putative Genomic Map for Resistance to Bovine Tuberculosis. Front Genet 2020; 11:550215. [PMID: 33281865 PMCID: PMC7705233 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.550215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a livestock disease of global economic and public health importance. There are currently no effective vaccines available for livestock and so control relies on animal level surveillance and pasteurization of dairy products. A new alternative control approach is to exploit the genetic variability of the host; recent studies have demonstrated that breeding European taurine cattle, such as Holsteins for increased resistance to bTB is feasible. The utility of such an approach is still unknown for African cattle populations. This study aims to assess genetic variation in bTB resistance and the underlying genomic architecture of cattle in Cameroon. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2,346 slaughter cattle in Cameroon. Retropharyngeal lymph node samples were collected and cultured on Lowenstein Jensen media and the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, and M. bovis was identified using the Hain® Genotype kits. A total of 153 cattle were positive for M. bovis and were archived along with a random selection of negative samples. In this study, we genotyped archived samples from 212 cattle. Their genomic diversity was characterized using PCA, hierarchical clustering and admixture analysis. We assessed genetic variation in bTB resistance using heritability analysis and compared quantitative trait loci. Previous research on this study population have shown that Fulani cattle are more susceptible to bTB than mixed breeds. However, here we show that these apparent phenotypic differences in breeds are not reflected by clear genomic differences. At the genetic level, both the Fulani and mixed cattle show similar patterns of admixture with evidence of both taurine and indicine ancestry. There was little European taurine introgression within the studied population. Hierarchical clustering showed clusters of cattle that differed in their susceptibility to bTB. Our findings allude to bTB resistance being polygenic in nature. This study highlights the potential for genetic control of bTB in Africa and the need for further research into the genetics of bTB resistance within African cattle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Callaby
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kelly
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Mazeri
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Franklyn Egbe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Lindert Benedictus
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Clark
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Doeschl-Wilson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barend Bronsvoort
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mazdak Salavati
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Muwonge
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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110
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Cao Y, Jia P, Wu Z, Huang M, Chen S, Zhang J, Huang B, Lei C. A novel SNP of MYO1A gene associated with heat-tolerance in Chinese cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:810-815. [PMID: 33146068 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1837147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of global climate change, heat-tolerance is becoming more and more important to the sustainability of animal husbandry production systems. Previous studies have shown that MYO1A gene associated with pigmentation may be closely related to heat-tolerance in cattle. In this study, a novel missense mutation (NC_037332.1 g.56390345 A > G) was first detected in MYO1A in 891 individuals of 35 cattle breeds, which transformed the amino acid isoleucine into valine. The purpose of this study was to determine the allele frequencies distribution of this locus in Chinese indigenous cattle and to analyze the relationship between this locus and heat-tolerance. Further analysis showed that frequency of wild allele A decreased gradually from northern cattle to southern cattle, whereas frequency of mutant type allele G showed the opposite pattern, which was consistent with the distribution of various climatic conditions of China. Additionally, association analysis was carried out between genotypes and four climatic conditions (annual mean temperature (T), relative humidity (H), temperature-humidity index (THI) and average annual sunshine hours (100-cloudiness) (SR)). Analysis results showed that genotypes were significantly correlated with climatic conditions. Therefore, our results suggest that the novel SNP (rs209559414) is related to heat-tolerance trait of Chinese indigenous cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhuyue Wu
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Mingguang Huang
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shaomei Chen
- The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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111
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Phenotypic Dairy Cattle Trait Expressions in Dependency of Social-Ecological Characteristics along Rural–Urban Gradients. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to infer phenotypic trait expressions via mixed modeling considering both social and ecological continuous descriptors simultaneously. In this regard, we selected a challenging heterogeneous social-ecological environment, with focus on the rising megacity Bangalore, located in southern India. Dairy traits from 517 dairy cattle were recorded in 121 herds, equally distributed along a southern and a northern rural–urban gradient of Bangalore, distinguishing between urban, mixed, and rural areas. Repeated records from three visits per herd included production traits (daily milk yield in liter: MY), energy efficiency indicators (body condition score: BCS), cow wellbeing indicators (udder hygiene score: UddHS, upper leg hygiene score: ULHS, hock assessment score: HAS, rectal temperature in °C: RT), and health traits (locomotion score: LS, subclinical mastitis: SubMast). Associations between a continuous rural–urban gradient and phenotypic trait expressions were analyzed via mixed modeling, additionally considering “classic” environmental explanatory variables such as climatic conditions. MY and BCS were higher in urban than in rural areas, associated with reduced SubMast and improved hygiene scores for UddHS and ULHS. Scores for wellbeing indicators HAS and LS were unfavorable for cows in urban areas, indicating poor leg health conditions in that area. In rural areas, least-squares means for RT were quite large, probably due to the scarcity of shading and heat insulation of the barns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study disentangling phenotypic trait expressions in the context of social-ecological heterogeneity, contributing to a deeper understanding of physiological mechanisms underlying genotype by environment interactions.
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112
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Mishra SR. Significance of molecular chaperones and micro RNAs in acquisition of thermo-tolerance in dairy cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:765-775. [PMID: 33121378 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1830788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature is considered as the major abiotic factor which regulates body physiological mechanisms of all living creatures across the globe. Variation in ambient temperature which emulates thermoneutral zone culminates in heat stress. Heat stress has been emerged as major ultimatum to livestock's growth, development, production and reproduction across the world. Livestock's responds to the heat stress via different mechanisms such as behavioral, physiological, biochemical, endocrine and molecular mechanisms. Amongst the aforementioned mechanisms, molecular mechanism plays crucial role to achieve thermo-tolerance via expression of highly conserved family of proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSPs) across livestock species. HSPs serve as molecular chaperones to ameliorate the menace of heat stress in domestic species. In addition, microRNAs are small non-coding RNA which down regulates post-transcriptional gene expression by targeting various HSPs to regulate the thermoregulatory responses in livestock species. Despite of thermal adaptation mechanisms, heat stress breaches animal body homeostasis thereby depresses their production and productivity. Therefore, veterinary researches have been targeting to explore different repertoire of HSPs and microRNAs expression to counteract the rigors of heat stress thereby confer thermo-tolerance in livestock species. The present review highlights the significance of molecular chaperones and microRNAs in the acquisition of thermo-tolerance in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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113
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Mateescu RG, Sarlo-Davila KM, Dikmen S, Rodriguez E, Oltenacu PA. The effect of Brahman genes on body temperature plasticity of heifers on pasture under heat stress. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5823257. [PMID: 32315036 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bos taurus indicus cattle have the superior ability for the regulation of body temperature during heat stress due to a number of physiological and cellular level adaptive traits. The objectives of this study were to quantify the change in body temperature in heifers with various proportions of Brahman genes per unit increase in heat stress as measured by temperature-humidity index (THI) and to assess how different breed groups responded to varying intensity and duration of heat stress. A total of 299 two-yr-old heifers from six breed groups ranging from 100% Angus to 100% Brahman were evaluated under hot and humid conditions during 2017 and 2018 summer days. Two strategies were used to estimate the plasticity in body temperature of breed groups in response to environmental challenges: 1) a random regression mixed model was used to estimate reaction norm parameters for each breed group in response to a specified environmental heat stress and 2) a repeated measures mixed model was used to evaluate the response to different environmental heat loads. The reaction norm model estimated an intercept and slope measuring the change in body temperature per unit increase in THI environmental heat stress for different breed groups of animals and allowed the identification of genotypes which are robust, with low slope values indicative of animals that are able to maintain normal body temperature across a range of environments. The repeated measures mixed model showed that Brahman cattle have an advantage under moderate or high heat stress conditions but both Angus and Brahman breed groups are greatly affected when heat stress is severe. A critical factor appears to be the opportunity to cool down during the night hours more than the number of hours with extreme THI. With heat stress conditions predicted to intensify and expand into currently temperate zones, developing effective strategies to ensure sustainable beef production systems are imperative. Effective strategies will require the identification of the genes conferring the superior thermotolerance in Brahman cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Serdal Dikmen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Pascal A Oltenacu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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114
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Singh R, Kaushik R, Dige MS, Rout PK. Identification of mutation in TMB1M6 gene in response to heat stress in goats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1563322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Singh
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, India
| | - R. Kaushik
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, India
| | - M. S. Dige
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, India
| | - P. K. Rout
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, India
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115
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Zhang GW, Wang L, Huang D, Chen H, Li B, Wu Y, Zhang J, Jiang A, Zhang J, Zuo F. Inheritance patterns of leukocyte gene expression under heat stress in F 1 hybrid cattle and their parents. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10321-10331. [PMID: 32896393 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crossbreeding capitalizes on heterosis effects and results in increased performance of crossbred animals. Dominance hypothesis and overdominance hypothesis are 2 common models proposed to explain heterosis. Differential gene expression between parents and hybrids is hypothesized to be responsible for heterosis. This study aimed to investigate the heat tolerance and inheritance patterns of leukocyte transcriptomics in F1 hybrid cattle (Angus males × Droughtmaster females) and their parents Red Angus (AN) and Droughtmaster (DR) under heat stress. According to the respiratory rate and heat tolerance coefficient index, DR was better adapted to heat stress than AN. The physiological responses to heat stress of F1 hybrids were similar to AN. We identified 802 differentially expressed genes in leukocytes between AN and DR under heat stress using mRNA sequencing. Compared with AN, upregulated genes in DR were enriched in biological processes of response to stress, external and chemical stimulus, and cytokine, cell surface receptor signaling pathway, and cardiovascular system development. In contrast, upregulated genes in AN were enriched in B cell activation and regulation of B cell activation. Gene expression levels can be inherited additively or nonadditively and are classified into additive (35%), dominance (44%), and overdominance and underdominance (18%) modes in F1 hybrids and their parents. Inheritance patterns of gene expression showed that 97% (249/255) of the dominant genes were classified as paternal AN dominant in hybrids. The paternal imprinted PEG10 gene and its regulatory transcription factor MYC showed an AN dominant expression pattern. The MYC interacted with most AN dominant genes. These transcriptomic analyses revealed that DR and AN had specific cellular and humoral immunity and cardiovascular systems development function under heat stress. Inheritance pattern analyses from gene expression partly explained phenotypic differences between parents and F1 hybrids. The paternal imprinted PEG10 gene interaction with transcription factor MYC may contribute to explaining paternal dominant gene expression in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460.
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Dejun Huang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Huiyou Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Baisen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Yuhui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - An Jiang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Jian Zhang
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460
| | - Fuyuan Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460; Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China, 402460.
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116
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The mosaic genome of indigenous African cattle as a unique genetic resource for African pastoralism. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1099-1110. [PMID: 32989325 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cattle pastoralism plays a central role in human livelihood in Africa. However, the genetic history of its success remains unknown. Here, through whole-genome sequence analysis of 172 indigenous African cattle from 16 breeds representative of the main cattle groups, we identify a major taurine × indicine cattle admixture event dated to circa 750-1,050 yr ago, which has shaped the genome of today's cattle in the Horn of Africa. We identify 16 loci linked to African environmental adaptations across crossbred animals showing an excess of taurine or indicine ancestry. These include immune-, heat-tolerance- and reproduction-related genes. Moreover, we identify one highly divergent locus in African taurine cattle, which is putatively linked to trypanotolerance and present in crossbred cattle living in trypanosomosis-infested areas. Our findings indicate that a combination of past taurine and recent indicine admixture-derived genetic resources is at the root of the present success of African pastoralism.
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117
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Nchu F, Nyangiwe N, Muhanguzi D, Nzalawahe J, Nagagi YP, Msalya G, Joseph NA, Kimaro EG, Mollel M, Temba V, Harouna DV. Development of a practical framework for sustainable surveillance and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Africa. Vet World 2020; 13:1910-1921. [PMID: 33132605 PMCID: PMC7566270 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1910-1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A workshop on ticks and tick-borne diseases (T&TBDs) was held on June 25 and 26, 2019, at the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Arusha, Tanzania. The objectives of the workshop were to discuss the current situation and to formulate actionable strategies to improve surveillance and control of T&TBDs in Africa. The workshop was funded by the National Research Foundation and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology and attended by livestock health providers, farmers, and researchers from East, West, and Southern African countries. During the workshop, experts presented recent surveillance data focused on T&TBDs; participants discussed research opportunities and community engagement. The primary outcome of the workshop was the creation of a new research consortium known as The African Consortium for T&TBDs. The consortium is intended to function as a community for researchers, students, farmers, policymakers, extension workers, and community members who are interested in the advancement of T&TBD control. The consortium will engage in research activities that focus on comprehensive surveillance of T&TBDs, developing tick acaricide resistance, alternative tick control programs, and policy development and education. These areas were identified as top priorities to be developed to improve T&TBD control on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Nchu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Symphony Way, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
| | - Nkululeko Nyangiwe
- Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform, Döhne Agricultural Development Institute, Private Bag X15, Stutterheim 4930, South Africa.,Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Dennis Muhanguzi
- Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jahashi Nzalawahe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3019, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Yakob Petro Nagagi
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - George Msalya
- Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3004, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.,Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Natala Audu Joseph
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Esther Gwae Kimaro
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Margaret Mollel
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Violet Temba
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Difo Voukang Harouna
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutritional Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
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118
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Tejaswi V, Balamurugan B, Samad HA, Sarkar M, Maurya VP, Singh G. Short communication: Differential endocrine and antioxidant responses to heat stress among native and crossbred cattle. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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119
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Effect of season and genotype on values for bull semen variables under tropical conditions. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106592. [PMID: 32927186 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effects of season and genotype on fresh semen quality for freezing and subsequent use for AI, 32 healthy, mature (>4 to <6 years old) and habituated bulls (Bos indicus n = 14, Bos taurus n = 5, Crossbred taurus x indicus n = 6, and tropically adapted Bos taurus composites n = 7) were evaluated at a Venezuelan AI center for 12 months in which four distinct seasons (Hot-dry, Transition, Hot-humid, Cool-rainy) occur. Ejaculates were collected weekly from Bos taurus (n = 260), Bos indicus (n = 669), tropically adapted Bos taurus composites (n = 389), and crossbred Bos taurus x Bos indicus (n = 340) bulls. Routine AI Center assessments were conducted i.e., ejaculate volume (EV), sperm mass-motility (MM), total sperm number/ejaculate (TSE), sperm concentration/mL (SC), pre-freezing (PREF), and post-freezing minimum criteria rate for AI use (POSTF). Genotype affected EV (P < 0.0001), TSE (P < 0.0001), and SC (P < 0.0001) but not MM (P>0.05). Season affected EV (P < 0.001), TSE (P < 0.0001), SC (P < 0.01), and MM (P < 0.05). There were genotype x season interactions for EV, MM, TSE, and SC. The PREF averaged 74.0% during the study, although was less (P < 0.0001) during the hot-humid season than the other seasons. Even though, percent ejaculates considered unsuitable for freezing differed (P < 0.03) among the Hot-dry (20.2%), transition (30.9%), Hot-humid (32.4%), and Cool-rainy (24%) seasons. For POSTF, there were no seasonal differences (P>0.05). It is concluded that in tropical regions, season and genotype can affect bull semen variables, particularly those which affect the success of semen freezing and AI.
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120
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Pöhland R, Souza-Cácares MB, Datta TK, Vanselow J, Martins MIM, da Silva WAL, Cardoso CJT, Melo-Sterza FDA. Influence of long-term thermal stress on the
in vitro maturation on embryo development and Heat Shock Protein abundance in zebu cattle. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20190085. [PMID: 33029207 PMCID: PMC7534571 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of long-term temperature stress during the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes on the in vitro embryo production (IVP) and the abundance of HSP70 and HSP90 in zebu cattle. Viable cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C, 38.5 °C, or 40 °C for the low-, physiological, and high-temperature stress treatments, respectively. Thereafter, they were subjected to in vitro fertilization and culture. Temperature did not affect the polar body extrusion. However, IVP was adversely affected when IVM took place at 37 °C and 40 °C. The highest abundance of HSP70 was observed in cumulus cells after maturation of COCs at 40 °C. In contrast, HSP70 was more abundant in oocytes at both 37 °C and 40 °C; however, at 40 °C, the difference to the control group (38.5 °C) was not significant. In contrast, the highest abundance of HSP90 was observed in oocytes and cumulus cells at 37 °C. It appears that HSP70 and HSP90 respond to cold and heat stress in different ways. In conclusion, moderately high (40 °C) and low (37 °C) thermal stress for 24 h during IVM is detrimental to the developmental competence of oocyte and is accompanied by changes in the abundances of HSP70 and HSP90, especially in cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Pöhland
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- National Dairy Research Institute, Animal Biotechnology Centre, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Jens Vanselow
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Fabiana de Andrade Melo-Sterza
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS, Brasil
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121
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Automated Monitoring of Panting for Feedlot Cattle: Sensor System Accuracy and Individual Variability. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091518. [PMID: 32867225 PMCID: PMC7552261 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Panting is considered a robust animal response indicator of heat stress; however, continuous visual monitoring is impractical on a commercial scale. Current thermal indices are good predictors of heat stress at a herd level but have limited application at the individual level. The automated monitoring of heat stress responses of individual cattle based on animal response and environmental parameters are required for strategic management and genetic selection. We validated an ear tag-based sensor for the monitoring of panting in cattle and determined the individual variability in panting duration for heat stress events, comparing with existing thermal indices. Sensors were able to monitor differences in cattle panting due to breed, coat colour, and individual variability. High variation in panting responses between and within genotype and coat category highlights the opportunity for targeted heat amelioration based on breed and coat colour grouping of animals, and selection within breeds and types for heat resilience. Abstract Heat stress causes significant economic losses by reducing the productivity and welfare of cattle whilst requiring a significant investment in resource for amelioration. Panting score (PS) is considered a robust indicator of cattle heat stress; however, individualised visual monitoring is impractical. Thermal index-based monitoring and mitigation decisions are applied at the herd level, but they have limited application for the individual animal. As such, an automated system to monitor the real-time animal response to heat stress is required for strategic mitigation. Our objectives were to validate an accelerometer-based ear tag sensor to monitor cattle panting and to determine individual variability in heat stress responses with reference to thermal indices. Two experiments were conducted: Experiment 1 validated the sensors, and Experiment 2 determined individual variability comparing sensor data against thermal indices. Ear tag sensors were fitted at feedlot entry to continuously monitor the behaviour of 100 steers of mixed breed in Experiment 1 and 200 steers and heifers of mixed breed in Experiment 2. Sensor-derived ‘heavy breathing’ was validated against visually observed PS. Sensor-derived behaviour bouts were analysed as ‘raw’, and single behaviour states were also converted to the preceding bout of ≥2 min, which was referred to as ‘fill’ data for the validation study. Our results demonstrate the sensors’ ability to accurately monitor panting in feedlot cattle. Sensor-recorded ‘heavy breathing’ duration per animal was highly correlated to observed panting duration for both raw (r = 0.89) and fill (r = 0.90) data; however, the concordance correlation co-efficient was lower for raw (0.45) as compared with fill (0.76). Predicted agreement for raw data were 75%, 45%, and 68% and predicted agreement for fill data were 65%, 54%, and 83% for PS0, PS1, and PS2, respectively. Sensitivity for raw data were 39%, 37%, and 45% and for fill data, they were 59%, 54% and 82% for all PS data, PS1 and PS2, respectively. Specificity and positive predictive values for both raw (77% and 79%, respectively) and fill (65% and 77%, respectively) data show the probability of reporting false positives by sensors to be low. Experiment 2 revealed that the duration of panting increased from 0800 to 1700 h alongside changes in thermal indices with significant differences between and within breed and coat colour categories of cattle, suggesting that grouping and allocating heat amelioration measures by breed and coat colour can be effective in commercial feedlots. However, there was high variability (CV > 80%) in the duration of panting between individuals within the same breed and same coat colour, revealing the potential for strategic management at an individual level, and with the same data, genetic selection for heat resilience.
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122
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Eisemann JH, Ashwell MS, Devine TL, Poole DH, Poore MH, Linder KE. Physiological response, function of sweat glands, and hair follicle cycling in cattle in response to fescue toxicosis and hair genotype. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5717958. [PMID: 31998943 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fescue toxicosis is a syndrome that results when cattle consume toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue. The objective of this study was to compare the response in physiological variables, sweat gland function, hair follicle cycling, and gene expression to feeding a total mixed ration that included tall fescue haylage and tall fescue seed containing a toxic endophyte (EI) or tall fescue haylage containing a nontoxic novel endophyte (EN) in beef heifers (Angus × Senepol heifers, n = 31) with 2 different hair genotypes. Numbers in each subgroup were as follows: novel endophyte, heterozygous slick (EN-S; n = 8), novel endophyte, homozygous hairy (wild type, EN-W; n = 7), endophyte-infected, heterozygous slick (EI-S; n = 10), and endophyte-infected, homozygous hairy (wild type, EI-W; n = 6). Physiological measurements were taken weekly for 7 wk. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS including dietary fescue treatment (EN vs. EI) and hair genotype (S vs. W) as main effects, day as a repeated measure, and temperature-humidity index (THI) as a covariate. Skin biopsies were taken before treatment initiation and on day 37 of treatment. Average surface temperature (ST) increased as the THI increased (P < 0.0001). Average ST was greater (P < 0.01) for animals fed EI than for animals fed the EN fescue diet, and greater (P < 0.01) for animals with the W genotype compared with animals with the S genotype. The difference between heifers with the S and W genotype was greater at greater THI (genotype × day interaction, P < 0.01). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was greater (P < 0.05) for animals with the S genotype compared with the W genotype and greater (P < 0.05) for heifers with the S genotype than for heifers with the W genotype when fed EI (36.7, 38.5, 30.0, and 38.7 g/m2 per hour for EN-W, EN-S, EI-W, and EI-S, respectively). The fraction of follicles in telogen in plucked hair samples for heifers fed EI was greater for animals with the S genotype than the W genotype (fraction in telogen: 0.456, 0.565, 0.297, 0.702 for EN-W, EN-S, EI-W, and EI-S, respectively; diet × genotype interaction, P < 0.05). Fraction of follicles in anagen was the opposite. EI fescue resulted in increased ST, changes in hair follicle cycling that support greater hair growth, and decreased TEWL for heifers with the W genotype compared with S genotype, suggesting greater heat stress in response to EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan H Eisemann
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Melissa S Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Thomas L Devine
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Daniel H Poole
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Matt H Poore
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population, Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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123
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Azhar A, Akmal M, Hambal M, Sabri M, Rosa TS. Effects of polymorphism of myostatin and fatty acid-binding protein 4 genes on the chemical composition of meat in cull female Aceh cattle. Vet World 2020; 13:1334-1343. [PMID: 32848308 PMCID: PMC7429386 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1334-1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism of the myostatin (MSTN) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) genes on the total water, ash, fat, protein, and cholesterol contents of sirloin (gluteus medius muscle) and silverside (biceps femoris muscle) meats of cull female Aceh cattle. Materials and Methods: This analysis covered a total of 27 cull female Aceh cattle slaughtered at the Animal Slaughterhouse of Banda Aceh that was purposively selected based on hair color referred to the criteria described in the Decree of Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia. Genomic DNA was extracted from 25 mg of fresh meat using the spin column method before subjected to a polymerase chain reaction amplification using primer sets specific for 1346-bp and 275-bp fragments of MSTN and FABP4, respectively. A 4-h digestion reaction was done separately for the MSTN/HaeIII and FABP4/NlaIII loci genotyping. The total protein, ash, and fat of the meat were measured using the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) methods whereas its cholesterol content was determined using the AOAC method. The association between each polymorphism and the variation in meat chemical parameters was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. Results: The results showed that the MSTN/HaeIII locus was polymorphic in Aceh cattle, but the FABP4/NlaIII locus was monomorphic. Meat chemical parameters were not influenced by different commercial cuts and MSTNgenotypes, showing that there was no association between different commercial cuts, cattle hair colors, and MSTN/HaeIII and FABP4/NlaIII markers with the meat chemical parameters in Aceh cattle. Conclusion: These results suggest that focusing on the novel effects of MSTN and FABP4 gene polymorphisms on meat production traits might not be useful for marker-assisted selection in Aceh cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Azhar
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Muslim Akmal
- Department of Histology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hambal
- Department of Parasitology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Mustafa Sabri
- Department of Anatomy , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Shaddiq Rosa
- Master Program of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
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124
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Paguem A, Abanda B, Achukwi MD, Baskaran P, Czemmel S, Renz A, Eisenbarth A. Whole genome characterization of autochthonous Bos taurus brachyceros and introduced Bos indicus indicus cattle breeds in Cameroon regarding their adaptive phenotypic traits and pathogen resistance. BMC Genet 2020; 21:64. [PMID: 32571206 PMCID: PMC7309992 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African indigenous taurine cattle display unique adaptive traits shaped by husbandry management, regional climate and exposure to endemic pathogens. They are less productive with respect to milk and meat production which has been associated with amongst others, small size, traditional beliefs, husbandry practices, limited feed resources, disease burden and lack of sustained breeding for trait improvement. This resulted in the severe dwindling of their population size rendering them vulnerable to extinction. The Namchi taurine cattle breed is referred to as [Namchi (Doayo)] and shows resistance traits against trypanosome infection and exposure to tick infestation. Nonetheless, the historically later introduced Zebu cattle are the main cattle breeds in Africa today, even though they suffer more from locally prevailing pathogens. By using a whole genome sequencing approach, we sequenced with high depth for the first time the genomes of five cattle breeds from Cameroon in order to provide a valuable genetic resource for future African cattle breeding: the Namchi, an endangered trypano-tolerant taurine breed, the Kapsiki, an indigenous trypano-susceptible taurine breed, and three Zebu (Bos indicus indicus) breeds: Ngaoundere Gudali, White Fulani and Red Fulani. Results Approximately 167 Gigabases of raw sequencing data were generated for each breed and mapped to the cattle reference genomes ARS-UCD1.2 and UMD3.1.The coverage was 103 to 140-fold when aligning the reads to ARS-UCD1.2 with an average mapping rate of ~ 99%, and 22 to 30-fold when aligning the reads to UMD3.1 with an average mapping rate of ~ 64%. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from analysis using the genome ARS-UCD1.2 were compared with reference genomes of European Bos taurus Holstein, the Asian Bos indicus Brahman, and the African trypanotolerant N’Dama breeds. A total of ~ 100 million (M) SNPs were identified and 7.7 M of those were breed-specific. An approximately 11.1 M constituted of small insertions and deletions. By using only breed-specific non-synonymous variants we identified genes as genetic signatures and associated Gene Ontology (GO) terms that could explain certain cattle-breed specific phenotypes such as increased tolerance against trypanosome parasites in the Namchi breed and heat tolerance in the Kapsiki breed. Phylogenetic analysis grouped, except for Namchi, the Bos taurus breeds Kapsiki, N’Dama and Holstein together while the B. indicus breeds White and Red Fulani, Gudali and Brahman clustered separately. The deviating result for Namchi indicates a hybrid status of the selected animal with a recent introgression of Zebu genes into its genome. Conclusions The findings provide the first comprehensive set of genome-wide variant data of the most important Cameroonian cattle breeds. The genomic data shall constitute a foundation for breed amelioration whilst exploiting the heritable traits and support conservation efforts for the endangered local cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archile Paguem
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. .,Department of Comparative Zoology, Institute for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Babette Abanda
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.,Department of Comparative Zoology, Institute for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Praveen Baskaran
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Czemmel
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfons Renz
- Department of Comparative Zoology, Institute for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Eisenbarth
- Department of Comparative Zoology, Institute for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
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125
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Sarlo Davila KM, Howell A, Nunez A, Orelien A, Roe V, Rodriguez E, Dikmen S, Mateescu RG. Genome-wide association study identifies variants associated with hair length in Brangus cattle. Anim Genet 2020; 51:811-814. [PMID: 32548856 DOI: 10.1111/age.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermal stress limits beef cattle production and a shorter hair coat is a key thermoregulative adaptation that allows cattle to lose heat more efficiently. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with the length of the undercoat and topcoat of cattle utilizing 1456 Brangus heifers genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array. Seven SNPs in the PCCA gene were significantly associated with undercoat length. PCCA belongs to the biotin transport and metabolism pathway. Biotin deficiency has been reported to cause hair loss. Four SNPs in an 110 kb including a missense mutation in the PRLR gene were significantly associated with topcoat length. Whereas the association of this polymorphism with hair length is novel, the SLICK mutation in PRLR has previously been demonstrated to significantly impact hair length in cattle. These newly detected genetic variants may contribute to a shorter hair coat and more thermotolerant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sarlo Davila
- Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - A Howell
- Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - A Nunez
- Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - A Orelien
- Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - V Roe
- Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - E Rodriguez
- Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - S Dikmen
- Faculty of Animal Science, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - R G Mateescu
- Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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126
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Baruselli PS, Ferreira RM, Vieira LM, Souza AH, Bó GA, Rodrigues CA. Use of embryo transfer to alleviate infertility caused by heat stress. Theriogenology 2020; 155:1-11. [PMID: 32562738 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has a pronounced deleterious effect on fertility in dairy herds throughout the world, especially in hot and humid summer months in tropical and subtropical areas. Summer HS reduces feed intake and increases negative energy balance, induces changes in ovarian follicular dynamics, reduces estrus detection rates and alters oviductal function leading to fertilization failure and early embryonic death. Furthermore, oocytes harvested from lactating cows during summer HS have a decreased ability to develop to the blastocyst stage after in vitro fertilization when compared with oocytes harvested during winter. The present manuscript describes the detrimental effect of HS on reproduction, with emphasis on preovulatory oocytes and carry over effects of HS on embryo development and P/AI. Embryo transfer (ET) has been an effective tool to reestablish fertility during HS because it bypasses the damage to the oocyte and early embryo caused by hyperthermia. Therefore, a management strategy to maintain increased fertility throughout the year would be to produce embryos during the cooler months, when oocyte quality is greater, and use them to produce pregnancies during the periods of HS, when oocyte quality is compromised. However, this strategy only can be implemented using cryopreserved embryos, what is still limiting. During the warmer months, the use of heifers or non-lactating cows as oocyte or embryo donors may facilitate embryo production, mainly because of the lesser deleterious effects of HS comparing to lactating cows. Also, genetic selection of donors for thermoregulation ability is one potential strategy to mitigate effects of HS and increase embryo production during the warmer months. These alternatives enable the transference of fresh embryos with more efficiency during HS periods. Additionally, the application of timed ET protocols, which avoid the need for estrus detection in recipients, has facilitated management and improved the efficiency of ET programs during HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberta M Ferreira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís M Vieira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Souza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC) and Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Rodrigues
- SAMVET Embriões, Rua Getúlio Vargas 300, CEP 13560-000, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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127
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Cooke RF, Cardoso RC, Cerri RLA, Lamb GC, Pohler KG, Riley DG, Vasconcelos JLM. Cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments: genetic and reproductive considerations. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5709616. [PMID: 31955201 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to understand biological functions and develop management schemes specific to Bos indicus-influenced cattle raised in tropical and subtropical environments are critical to meet the increasing global demand for protein. In the United States, B. indicus breeds are mostly used to generate B. indicus × B. taurus crosses with increased thermal and parasite tolerance, while retaining some productive characteristics of B. taurus cattle. Although crossbreeding represents a proven strategy to improve cattle adaptation almost immediately, research has also attempted to identify B. taurus genetics that can withstand subtropical and tropical climates. Reduced milk production and delayed reproductive maturation appear to be related with tropical adaptation of B. taurus breeds, as a means to conserve energy under stressful conditions and limited nutrition. Moreover, longevity may be the ultimate adaptation response to unfavorable environments, and retention of bulls and heifers from proven cows is the recommended strategy to improve longevity in B. indicus-influenced herds. Besides selection for longevity, other aspects should be considered when planning reproductive management in tropical and subtropical regions. Bos indicus and B. taurus breeds have multiple differences pertaining to reproductive function, including age at puberty, ovarian dynamics, and pregnancy development. Nutritional strategies such as the stair-step regimen, and use of exogenous progesterone (P4) inserts are options to hasten puberty attainment of late-maturing B. indicus-influenced heifers. Yet, limited pharmacological alternatives are available for reproductive management of B. indicus-influenced females in the United States, which rely on GnRH-based protocols not specifically designed to the reproductive function of B. indicus breeds. In contrast, hormonal protocols based on exogenous P4, estradiol esters, and equine chorionic gonadotropin are available for use in B. indicus females in South America. These include protocols tailored to prepubertal heifers, anestrous cows, and cycling nulliparous or parous females, which often yield pregnancy rates of 50% to fixed-time artificial insemination. The global dairy industry also faces similar challenges in increasing demand and production as the beef industry. Selection of cows capable of sustaining optimal milk yield, reproductive success, and health status in hot and humid conditions is essential for optimal dairy production in subtropical and tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ronaldo L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Cliff Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - José L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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128
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Hansen PJ. Prospects for gene introgression or gene editing as a strategy for reduction of the impact of heat stress on production and reproduction in cattle. Theriogenology 2020; 154:190-202. [PMID: 32622199 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In cattle, genetic variation exists in regulation of body temperature and stabilization of cellular function during heat stress. There are opportunities to reduce the impact of heat stress on cattle production by identifying the causative mutations responsible for genetic variation in thermotolerance and transferring specific alleles that confer thermotolerance to breeds not adapted to hot climates. An example of a mutation conferring superior ability to regulate body temperature is the group of frame-sift mutations in the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) that lead to a truncated receptor and development of cattle with a short, sleek hair coat. Slick mutations in PRLR have been found in several extant breeds derived from criollo cattle. The slick mutation in Senepol cattle has been introgressed into dairy cattle in Puerto Rico, Florida and New Zealand. An example of a mutation that confers cellular protection against elevated body temperature is a deletion mutation in the promoter region of a heat shock protein 70 gene called HSPA1L. Inheritance of the mutation results in amplification of the transcriptional response of HSPA1L to heat shock and increased cell survival. The case of PRLR provides a promising example of the efficacy of the genetic approach outlined in this paper. Identification of other mutations conferring thermotolerance at the whole-animal or cellular level will lead to additional opportunities for using genetic solutions to reduce the impact of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0910, USA.
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129
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Araújo M, Luna E, Oliveira J, Guido S, Silva E, Barbosa S, Santoro K. Caracterização do gene do choque térmico (HSP-70.1) e sua relação com características de produção em bovinos leiteiros criados no semiárido brasileiro. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a diversidade genética do gene HSP-70.1 e associar os polimorfismos encontrados com a performance de vacas leiteiras das raças Holandesa, Girolando (5/8H-G) e Sindi criadas em região do semiárido brasileiro. Os polimorfismos foram identificados e avaliados pela técnica de PCR-RFLP, usando-se a enzima de restrição EcoRII. Avaliou-se a variabilidade genética por meio do índice de diversidade padrão e da análise de variância molecular (AMOVA). Os polimorfismos identificados foram avaliados sobre as características de produção de leite. Foram identificados sete alelos, os quais demonstraram que houve polimorfismo para a região gênica analisada, e alguns alelos foram compartilhados entre os rebanhos. As raças bovinas Holandesa e Sindi foram similares geneticamente para o gene analisado. A AMOVA demonstrou que há variação genética entre os rebanhos e dentro deles, com a maior parte da variação ocorrendo dentro dos rebanhos para todos os grupos avaliados. Houve efeito dos alelos identificados sobre a produção de leite dos rebanhos das raças Holandesa (P<0,0001) e Girolando (P<0,0117). O gene HSP-70.1 foi polimórfico na população de bovinos leiteiros estudada, sendo, portanto, um marcador molecular promissor para avaliar a produção de leite de raças criadas em região semiárida.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S.I. Guido
- Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - E.C. Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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130
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Rizzoto G, Ferreira JCP, Codognoto VM, Oliveira KC, Mogollón García HD, Pupulim AGR, Teixeira-Neto FJ, Castilho A, Nunes SG, Thundathil JC, Kastelic JP. Testicular hyperthermia reduces testosterone concentrations and alters gene expression in testes of Nelore bulls. Theriogenology 2020; 152:64-68. [PMID: 32380276 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased testicular temperature reduces sperm motility, morphology and fertility. Our objectives were to characterize effects of testicular hyperthermia (scrotal insulation) on acute testosterone concentrations and gene expression in Bos indicus testes. Nelore bulls (n = 20), ∼27 mo of age, 375 kg, scrotal circumference >31 cm, with ≥30% motile sperm, were allocated into four groups (n = 5/group): non-insulated (Control) and insulation removed after 12, 24, or 48 h. Immediately after insulation, intratesticular temperatures (needle thermocouples) were coolest in Control bulls and warmest in 48-h bulls (mean ± SEM, 35.28 ± 0.31 vs 38.62 ± 0.57 °C, P < 0.05). Bulls were castrated and testes recovered. Testicular testosterone concentrations were higher in Control versus 48-h bulls (3119 ± 973.3 and 295.5 ± 122.8 ng/g of tissue, respectively, P < 0.05). Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and RT-qPCR done. For STAR, mRNA abundance decreased from Control to 48 h (1.14 + 0.32 vs 0.32 + 0.5, P < 0.05). For BCL2, expression decreased from Control to 24 h (1.00 + 0.07 vs 0.70 + 0.12, P < 0.05), but then rebounded. In addition, GPX1 had a 70% increase (P < 0.05) at 48 h, whereas HSP70 had a 34-fold increase (P < 0.05) at 12 h and 2- and 14-fold increases (P < 0.05) at 24 and 48 h, respectively. HSF1, BAX, P53 and CASP 8 remained unchanged. Downregulation of STAR, critical in androgen production, was consistent with reduced testosterone concentrations, whereas increased GPX1 enhanced testicular antioxidative capability. Huge increases in HSP70 conferred protection again apoptosis and cell destruction, whereas reduced BCL2 promoted apoptosis. These findings provided novel insights into acute tissue responses (testosterone and gene activity) to testicular hyperthermia in B. indicus bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzoto
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J C P Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - V M Codognoto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - K C Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - H D Mogollón García
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A G R Pupulim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F J Teixeira-Neto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A Castilho
- Western São Paulo University (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S G Nunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - J C Thundathil
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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131
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Abstract
The domestication of animals led to a major shift in human subsistence patterns, from a hunter-gatherer to a sedentary agricultural lifestyle, which ultimately resulted in the development of complex societies. Over the past 15,000 years, the phenotype and genotype of multiple animal species, such as dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle and horses, have been substantially altered during their adaptation to the human niche. Recent methodological innovations, such as improved ancient DNA extraction methods and next-generation sequencing, have enabled the sequencing of whole ancient genomes. These genomes have helped reconstruct the process by which animals entered into domestic relationships with humans and were subjected to novel selection pressures. Here, we discuss and update key concepts in animal domestication in light of recent contributions from ancient genomics.
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132
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Saadeldin IM, Swelum AAA, Zakri AM, Tukur HA, Alowaimer AN. Effects of Acute Hyperthermia on the Thermotolerance of Cow and Sheep Skin-Derived Fibroblasts. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040545. [PMID: 32218166 PMCID: PMC7222367 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We compared the thermotolerance of cow and sheep fibroblasts after exposure to acute hyperthermia (45 °C for 4 h). The primary culture, first passage, and cryopreserved cow fibroblasts resisted acute hyperthermia in terms of cell viability, proliferation, and migration to close cell scratch, in addition to increased expression of heat shock protein (HSP70 and HSP90) mRNA transcripts. Abstract This study was conducted to compare the effects of acute hyperthermia (45 °C for 4 h) on the viability, proliferation, and migratory activity through wound-healing assays of cow and sheep fibroblasts. The study examined the effects on primary cultures and first passage skin-derived fibroblasts. Relative quantification of HSP70, HSP90, P53, BAX, BCL2, and BECN1 was investigated after normalization to housekeeping genes GAPDH and beta-actin. The results revealed that cultured cow primary fibroblasts exhibited increased viability and reinitiated cell migration to close the cell monolayer scratch earlier than sheep cells. Similar patterns were observed in the first passage fibroblasts, with severe effects on sheep cells. Both cow and sheep cells exhibited decreased cell viability and failed to regain migratory activity after re-exposure of recovered heat-shocked cells. Effects of hyperthermia on sheep cells were potentiated by cell cryopreservation. The qPCR results showed that cow cells significantly increased HSP70 and HSP90 expression, which decreased the elevation of P53, and ameliorated the effects of the increased BAX/BCL2 ratio. The results provide a paradigm to compare thermotolerance among different animal species and revealed that trypsin could be an additional stress, which potentiates the effects of heat shock in in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Adel M Zakri
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammed A Tukur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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133
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Verdugo MP, Mullin VE, Scheu A, Mattiangeli V, Daly KG, Maisano Delser P, Hare AJ, Burger J, Collins MJ, Kehati R, Hesse P, Fulton D, Sauer EW, Mohaseb FA, Davoudi H, Khazaeli R, Lhuillier J, Rapin C, Ebrahimi S, Khasanov M, Vahidi SMF, MacHugh DE, Ertuğrul O, Koukouli-Chrysanthaki C, Sampson A, Kazantzis G, Kontopoulos I, Bulatovic J, Stojanović I, Mikdad A, Benecke N, Linstädter J, Sablin M, Bendrey R, Gourichon L, Arbuckle BS, Mashkour M, Orton D, Horwitz LK, Teasdale MD, Bradley DG. Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent. SCIENCE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 365:173-176. [PMID: 31296769 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern cattle, Bos taurus, remains reveals regional variation that has since been obscured by admixture in modern populations. Comparisons of genomes of early domestic cattle to their aurochs progenitors identify diverse origins with separate introgressions of wild stock. A later region-wide Bronze Age shift indicates rapid and widespread introgression of zebu, Bos indicus, from the Indus Valley. This process was likely stimulated at the onset of the current geological age, ~4.2 thousand years ago, by a widespread multicentury drought. In contrast to genome-wide admixture, mitochondrial DNA stasis supports that this introgression was male-driven, suggesting that selection of arid-adapted zebu bulls enhanced herd survival. This human-mediated migration of zebu-derived genetics has continued through millennia, altering tropical herding on each continent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria E Mullin
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.,Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Amelie Scheu
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.,Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Valeria Mattiangeli
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Kevin G Daly
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Pierpaolo Maisano Delser
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Andrew J Hare
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Joachim Burger
- Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew J Collins
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.,Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ron Kehati
- 448 Shvil Hachalav Street, Nir Banim 7952500, Israel
| | - Paula Hesse
- Jewish Studies Program, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deirdre Fulton
- Department of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Eberhard W Sauer
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Fatemeh A Mohaseb
- Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique (UMR 7209), CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Davoudi
- Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran.,Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, 1136918111 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, 111-14115 Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Khazaeli
- Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran
| | - Johanna Lhuillier
- Archéorient Université Lyon 2, CNRS UMR 5133, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Claude Rapin
- Archéologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC, UMR 8546, CNRS ENS), Centre d'archéologie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Saeed Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, 1711734353 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mutalib Khasanov
- Uzbekistan Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 703051 Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - S M Farhad Vahidi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran-North branch (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, 4188958883 Rasht, Iran
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Okan Ertuğrul
- Veterinary Faculty, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chaido Koukouli-Chrysanthaki
- Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Department of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, and Museums, Serres 62 122, Greece
| | - Adamantios Sampson
- Department of Mediterranean Studies, University of the Aegean, 85132 Rhodes, Greece
| | - George Kazantzis
- Archaeological Museum of Aeani, 500 04, Kozani, Western Macedonia, Greece
| | | | - Jelena Bulatovic
- Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Abdesalam Mikdad
- Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine de Maroc (INSAP) Hay Riad, Madinat al Ifrane, Rabat Instituts, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Norbert Benecke
- Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Linstädter
- Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Kommission für Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen (KAAK), 53173 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mikhail Sablin
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Robin Bendrey
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.,Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Lionel Gourichon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM (UMR 7264), 06357 Nice, France
| | - Benjamin S Arbuckle
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marjan Mashkour
- Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique (UMR 7209), CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran.,Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, 1136918111 Tehran, Iran
| | - David Orton
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Liora Kolska Horwitz
- National Natural History Collections, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matthew D Teasdale
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.,BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Daniel G Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
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134
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Leite da Silva WA, Poehland R, Carvalho de Oliveira C, Ribeiro Ferreira MGC, Garcia de Almeida R, Cáceres MBS, Macedo GG, da Costa E Silva EV, Alves FV, Nogueira E, de Andrade Melo-Sterza F. Shading effect on physiological parameters and in vitro embryo production of tropical adapted Nellore heifers in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2273-2281. [PMID: 32144659 PMCID: PMC7426302 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of increased shadow supply in integrated crop-livestock-forest systems on in vitro embryonic development and physiological parameters related to stress response in Nellore heifers (Bos indicus). For the study, animals (n = 16) were randomly divided into two groups and kept in areas with different afforestation systems, the integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) and the integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system. The microclimate of the ICLF system provided better comfort conditions than ICL. No differences of respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, T3, T4, oocyte quality, and cleavage rate between the systems were verified. A higher blastocyst rate was observed in the ICLF (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that Nellore heifers managed in ICLF during summer in Midwest of Brazil showed higher production of in vitro embryos, without typical changes in its physiological parameters. The results observed in the present study indicate that zebu females are able to respond satisfactorily to the intense heat conditions; however, we believe that the long period to which these animals are exposed to these conditions interferes in the oocyte competence and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf Poehland
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Ricardo Garcia de Almeida
- Veterinary Sciene, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Guerino Macedo
- Veterinary Sciene, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Villa Alves
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Beef Cattle, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Eriklis Nogueira
- Veterinary Sciene, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Pantanal, Corumbá, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Andrade Melo-Sterza
- Animal Science, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.
- Veterinary Sciene, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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135
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Effect of high temperature on physiological parameters of Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) and Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) cattle breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2233-2241. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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136
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Singh AK, Upadhyay RC, Chandra G, Kumar S, Malakar D, Singh SV, Singh MK. Genome-wide expression analysis of the heat stress response in dermal fibroblasts of Tharparkar (zebu) and Karan-Fries (zebu × taurine) cattle. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:327-344. [PMID: 32062819 PMCID: PMC7058763 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to evaluate mRNA expression profiles in the cultured dermal fibroblasts of Tharparkar (zebu) and Karan-Fries (zebu, Tharparkar × taurine, Holstein Friesian) cattle in response to heat stress. Bioinformatics' analysis identified temperature-regulated biological processes and pathways. Biological processes overrepresented among the earliest genes induced by temperature stress include regulation of stress responses, protein repair, metabolism, protein transport, cell division, and apoptosis. The present microarray platform contains 51,338 synthesized oligonucleotide probes corresponding to at least 36,713 unigenes. A total of 11,183 and 8126 transcripts were differentially expressed with a fold change of ≥ 2 in Tharparkar and Karan-Fries cattle, respectively. Randomly selected real-time validation showed 83.33% correlation with microarray data. Functional annotation and pathway study of the differentially expressed transcripts or genes (DEGs) reveal that upregulated genes significantly (P < 0.05) affect protein processing and NOD-like receptor pathways (NLRs), while downregulated genes were significantly (P < 0.05) found to be associated with cell cycle, metabolism, and protein transport. Gene expression changes include activation of heat shock factors (HSFs), increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), and apoptosis, while decreasing protein synthesis and another metabolism. These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanism of the physiology of heat stress in Tharparkar and Karan-Fries cattle. Understanding the biology and mechanisms of heat stress is critical to developing approaches to ameliorate current production issues for improving animal performance and agriculture economics in tropical climatic conditions. In conclusion, the present study indicates that heat stress differentially affects the expression of the significant number of genes associated with stress response, metabolism, apoptosis, and protein transport in dermal fibroblasts of Tharparkar and Karan-Fries cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Singh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 486 001 India
- Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - R. C. Upadhyay
- Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - Gulab Chandra
- Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVBPUAT, Meerut, U.P. 250 110 India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - D. Malakar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - S. V. Singh
- Dairy Cattle Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | - M. K. Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, DUVASU, Mathura, U.P. 281 001 India
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137
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Kumar B, Sahoo AK, Dayal S, Das AK, Taraphder S, Batabyal S, Ray PK, Kumari R. Investigating genetic variability in Hsp70 gene-5'-fragment and its association with thermotolerance in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) under sub-tropical climate of India. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:317-326. [PMID: 32020511 PMCID: PMC7058762 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate genetic variability in a fragment comprising 5'UTR along with partial coding sequence of Hsp70 gene and its association with thermotolerance traits in Murrah buffalo at ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna (India). The allelic variants were identified from genomic DNA samples using SSCP technique. The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. Data on different thermotolerance traits recorded in three seasons were analyzed by least squares ANOVA taking the SSCP genotypes as fixed effect. Two allelic variants (A and B), each of 503-bp in size, were documented with frequency of 0.59 and 0.41, respectively, and three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) with corresponding frequency of 0.30, 0.58 and 0.12. The allelic variants were due to single nucleotide substitution at 55th base position leading to a change of threonine (A) to methionine (B) in amino acid sequence. Both the allelic variants had 99.8% similarity in nucleotide sequence. In phylogenetic tree, allele A was in a cluster while allele B and Gangatiri cattle sequence formed a different cluster. The SSCP genotypes had significant effect on different thermotolerance traits in summer with thermo-humidity index of ≥ 84. Buffaloes with AA genotype had the highest (P ˂ 0.05) summer evening rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate, inferring that the buffaloes carrying AA genotype had more stress in summer than those with AB and BB genotype. These SSCP genotypes might have differential role in heat shock protein response to induce thermotolerance of Murrah buffaloes in Gangetic plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Kumar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Shanker Dayal
- Division of Livestock and Fishery Management, ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Ananta Kumar Das
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India.
| | - Subhash Taraphder
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Subhasis Batabyal
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Ray
- Division of Livestock and Fishery Management, ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Rajni Kumari
- Division of Livestock and Fishery Management, ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
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138
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Shandilya U, Sharma A, Sodhi M, Mukesh M. Heat stress modulates differential response in skin fibroblast cells of native cattle (Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20191544. [PMID: 31994693 PMCID: PMC7012655 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress in hot climates is a major cause that negatively affects dairy animals, leading to substantial economic loss. The present study was aimed to analyze the effect of heat stress on cellular and molecular levels in dermal fibroblast of cattle and buffaloes. Primary fibroblast culture was established using ear pinna tissue samples of cattle (Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis). The cells were exposed to thermal stress at 42°C for 1 h and subsequently allowed to recover and harvest at 37°C at different time points (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) along with control samples. Different cellular parameters viz., apoptosis, proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress, along with expression pattern of heat responsive genes and miRNAs were determined. Cell viability and proliferation rate of heat-stressed fibroblasts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) albeit to a different extent in both species. The cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species, and ΔΨm increased more significantly (P < 0.01) in heat stressed fibroblasts of buffalo than cattle. The pattern of heat shock proteins, inflammation/immune genes, and heat responsive miRNA showed differences in induction of their expression level in buffalo and native cattle fibroblasts. Conclusively, finding indicates that heat stress induces more profound impact on buffalo fibroblasts than native cattle fibroblasts. The differential response of cellular parameters, HSP genes, and miRNA expression could be due to better adaptive capacity of skin fibroblast of Bos indicus cattle in comparison with riverine buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K. Shandilya
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Sodhi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
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139
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Identification of heat shock protein gene expression in hair follicles as a novel indicator of heat stress in beef calves. Animal 2020; 14:1502-1509. [PMID: 32038000 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) consist of highly preserved stress proteins that are expressed in response to stress. Two studies were carried out to investigate whether HSP genes in hair follicles from beef calves can be suggested as indicators of heat stress (HS). In study 1, hair follicles were harvested from three male Hanwoo calves (aged 172.2 ± 7.20 days) on six dates over the period of 10 April to 9 August 2017. These days provided varying temperature-humidity indices (THIs). In study 2, 16 Hanwoo male calves (aged 169.6 ± 4.60 days, with a BW of 136.9 ± 6.23 kg) were maintained (4 calves per experiment) in environmentally controlled chambers. A completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement involving two periods (thermoneutral: TN; HS) and four THI treatment groups (threshold: THI = 68 to 70; mild: THI = 74 to 76; moderate THI = 81 to 83; severe: THI = 88 to 90). The calves in the different group were subjected to ambient temperature (22°C) for 7 days (TN) and subsequently to the temperature and humidity corresponding to the target THI level for 21 days (HS). Every three days (at 1400 h) during both the TN and HS periods, the heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature (RT) of each individual were measured, and hair follicles were subsequently collected from the tails of each individual. In study 1, the high variation (P < 0.0001) in THI indicated that the external environment influenced the HS to different extents. The expression levels of the HSP70 and HSP90 genes at the high-THI level were higher (P = 0.0120, P = 0.0002) than those at the low-THI level. In study 2, no differences in the THI (P = 0.2638), HR (P = 0.2181) or RT (P = 0.3846) were found among the groups during the TN period, whereas differences in these indices (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) were observed during the HS period. The expression levels of the HSP70 (P = 0.0010, moderate; P = 0.0065, severe) and HSP90 (P = 0.0040, severe) genes were increased after rapid exposure to heat-stress conditions (moderate and severe levels). We conclude that HSP gene expression in hair follicles provides precise and accurate data for evaluating HS and can be considered a novel indicator of HS in Hanwoo calves maintained in both external and climatic chambers.
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140
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Cooke RF, Daigle CL, Moriel P, Smith SB, Tedeschi LO, Vendramini JMB. Cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments: social, nutritional, and carcass quality considerations. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa014. [PMID: 31955200 PMCID: PMC7023624 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef production needs to increase from 60 million to 130 million tons by 2050 to feed a growing world population, and 70% of this production increase is expected from beef industries located in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Bos indicus-influenced cattle predominate in these regions but are often managed using practices developed for Bos taurus breeds reared in temperate climates. Hence, a fundamental step to meet the increasing global demand for beef is to develop specific management for B. indicus-influenced cattle in tropical or subtropical environments. Bos taurus and B. indicus are different subspecies, and diverge in social and biological functions due to selection pressure caused by complex evolutionary and domestication processes. Bos indicus cattle display different social responses compared with B. taurus counterparts, which must be taken into account by management planning as these traits directly impact cattle performance and welfare. In tropical and subtropical regions, warm-season perennial C4 grasses are the dominant forages, and their availability has a significant influence on the productivity of beef cattle systems. The resilience of C4 grasses under adverse conditions is one of their most important characteristics, even though these forages have reduced nutritive value compared with forages from temperate climates. Accordingly, nutritional planning in tropical and subtropical conditions must include management to optimize the quantity and quality of C4 forages. Nutritional requirements of cattle raised within these conditions also require special attention, including inherent metabolic compromises to cope with environmental constraints and altered energy requirements due to body composition and heat tolerance. Nutritional interventions to enhance beef production need to be specifically tailored and validated in B. indicus-influenced cattle. As an example, supplementation programs during gestation or early life to elicit fetal programming or metabolic imprinting effects, respectively, yield discrepant outcomes between subspecies. Bos indicus-influenced cattle produce carcasses with less marbling than B. taurus cattle, despite recent genetic and management advances. This outcome is mostly related to reduced intramuscular adipocyte volume in B. indicus breeds, suggesting a lesser need for energy stored intramuscularly as a mechanism to improve thermotolerance in tropical and subtropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Courtney L Daigle
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Philipe Moriel
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, FL
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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141
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Onasanya GO, Msalya GM, Thiruvenkadan AK, Sreekumar C, Tirumurugaan GK, Sanni TM, Decampos JS, Amusan SA, Olowofeso O, Fafiolu AO, Okpeku M, Yakubu A, Ikeobi CO. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at heat shock protein 90 gene and their association with thermo-tolerance potential in selected indigenous Nigerian cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1961-1970. [PMID: 31981054 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 90 gene provides protection and adaptation to thermal assault and certain polymorphisms have been associated to heat tolerance in humans and animals. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HSP 90 gene were used to evaluate the scientific basis of heat tolerance in four zebu breeds of Nigeria. The DNA was extracted from skin tissue of 90 adult bulls representing White Fulani (WF), Sokoto Gudali (SG), Red Bororo (RB), and Ambala (AM). The SNPs were determined in DNAs using PCR, sequencing, and visualization and bio-editing by chromatogram in SeqMan Ngen tool. Subsequently, respective genotypes were constructed and genotypic and allelic frequencies were computed. Also, body parameters related to heat stress (HS) including body temperature (BT), rectal temperature (RT), and respiratory rates (RR) were taken for each animal before biological sampling and heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) was calculated. We detected four SNPs distinct/specific for each breed as follows: change from thymine (T) to guanine (G) at position 116 (T116G) in RB, G to cytosine (C) at 220 (G220C) in SG, G to adenine (A) at two positions, 346 (G346A) and 390 (G390A) in AM and WF, respectively. Heterozygous SNPs showed significantly lower values (P < 0.0001) for BT, RT, RR, and HTC than homozygous genotypes at all positions. We hypothesize that animals with heterozygous SNPs in exon 3 of HSP 90 may be tolerant to HS. These SNPs can be used as bio-markers for screening large populations of cattle for tolerance to hot tropical conditions in Nigeria and other sub-humid places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbolabo O Onasanya
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
- Deparment of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
- Biotechnology Center, Postgraduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkum, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - George M Msalya
- Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
- Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences (DAARS), Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), PO Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Aranganoor K Thiruvenkadan
- Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Chirukandoth Sreekumar
- Biotechnology Center, Postgraduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkum, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Gopalan K Tirumurugaan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Timothy M Sanni
- Deparment of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - John S Decampos
- Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Amusan
- Department of Animal production, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olajide Olowofeso
- Deparment of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adeboye O Fafiolu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westvile Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Abdulmojeed Yakubu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria
| | - Christian O Ikeobi
- Deparment of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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142
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Kumar S, Singh SV. Influence of astaxanthin supplementation on attainment of puberty and lipid peroxidation in Sahiwal and Karan Fries (Holstein × Tharparkar) heifers during summer season. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1512298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - S. V. Singh
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
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143
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Lees AM, Lees JC, Sejian V, Sullivan ML, Gaughan JB. Influence of shade on panting score and behavioural responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus feedlot cattle to heat load. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Feedlot cattle can be negatively impacted by hot conditions, such that they have reduced performance and wellbeing. This study was conducted at the research feedlot located at The University of Queensland during a southern hemisphere summer (October to April).
Aims
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of shade on the behaviour and panting score of Bos taurus and Bos indicus feedlot cattle during summer.
Methods
Thirty-six steers (12 Angus, 12 Charolais and 12 Brahman) with an initial non-fasted liveweight of 318.5 ± 6.7 kg were used in a 154-day feedlot study consisting of two treatments: unshaded and shaded (3 m2/animal). Observational data were obtained for each steer at 2 h intervals between 0600 and 1800 hours daily from Day 1 to Day 154. Additional night time observational data were collected at 2-h intervals between 2000 and 0400 hours on 12 occasions. Data collected included activity (feeding, drinking, or ruminating), posture (standing or lying) and panting score. Panting scores were used to calculate a mean panting score for each breed × treatment group. Observational data were converted to a count for each breed × treatment group for each observation time point and were analysed using a binomial generalised linear model.
Key results
Maximum shade utilisation was the greatest at 1200 hours for Angus (85.5%), Charolais (32.7%) and Brahman (33.3%) steers. All breed × treatment groups exhibited a notable increase in mean panting score as heat load increased. Average increase in mean panting score was 0.36, where shaded Brahman exhibited the smallest increase (0.13) and unshaded Angus had the greatest increase (0.71). When heat load conditions were very hot (heat load index (HLI) ≥ 86) the mean panting score of all breed × treatment groups differed (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Overall these results emphasise the importance of providing shade to feedlot cattle, irrespective of genotype.
Implications
These results further highlight the importance of providing shade to feedlot cattle. These results challenge the general perception that Bos indicus feedlot cattle do not require access to heat load alleviation strategies.
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144
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Asadollahpour Nanaei H, Dehghani Qanatqestani M, Esmailizadeh A. Whole-genome resequencing reveals selection signatures associated with milk production traits in African Kenana dairy zebu cattle. Genomics 2020; 112:880-885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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145
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de Vasconcelos AM, de Albuquerque CC, de Carvalho JF, Façanha DAE, Lima FRG, Silveira RMF, Ferreira J. Adaptive profile of dairy cows in a tropical region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:105-113. [PMID: 31485808 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the main variables which act in the adaptive profile and the dynamic of the thermoregulatory responses of Sindi and Girolando dairy cows in tropical conditions using multivariate analyses as the auxiliary method. Thirty dairy cows were evaluated, in which the data were collected monthly during 12 months. Rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) were measured twice a day (morning and afternoon), along with meteorological variables (air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed), and later the Black Globe and Humidity Index and Radiant Heat Load were calculated. Blood samples were collected for estimating the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), hemoglobin concentration (HC), red blood cells (RBC), packet cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TRI), creatinine (CRE), total protein (TP), urea (URE), albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The more active variables in the adaptive profile for Sindi cows were T4, PCV, RBC, WBC, TRI, CRE, HC, T3, and URE, while PCV, RBC, ALB, TP, RT, RR, URE, ALT, and AST variables were more active for Girolando cows. All animals were classified according to their corresponding group when considering all variables under study. The classification error percentage was > 40% in the Sindi cows when the physiological responses were considered, whereas an 80% success rate was observed in Girolando cows in the winter and summer seasons. The physiological responses of the dairy cows are similar in winter and distinct in summer in tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fátima Révia Granja Lima
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Acaraú Valley (UVA), 62040370, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Josiel Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region (UFERSA), 59625900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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146
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Valadez-Noriega M, Méndez-Gómez-Humarán MC, Rayas-Amor AA, Sosa-Ferreyra CF, Galindo FM, Miranda-De la Lama GC. Effects of greenhouse roofs on thermal comfort, behavior, health, and finishing performance of commercial zebu steers in cold arid environments. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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147
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Li R, Li C, Chen H, Li R, Chong Q, Xiao H, Chen S. Genome-wide scan of selection signatures in Dehong humped cattle for heat tolerance and disease resistance. Anim Genet 2019; 51:292-299. [PMID: 31887783 DOI: 10.1111/age.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dehong humped cattle (DHH) is an indigenous zebu breed from southwestern China that possesses characteristics of heat tolerance and strong disease resistance and adapts well to the local tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. However, information on selection signatures of DHH is scarce. Herein, we compared the genomes of DHH and each of Diqing and Zhaotong cattle breeds using the population differentiation index (FST ), cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) methods to explore the genomic signatures of heat tolerance and disease resistance in DHH. Several pathways and genes carried selection signatures, including thermal sweating (calcium signaling pathway), heat shock (HSF1) and oxidative stress response (PLCB1, PLCB4), coat color (RAB31), feed intake (ATP8A1, SHC3) and reproduction (TP63, MAP3K13, PTPN4, PPP3CC, ADAMTSL1, SS18L1, OSBPL2, TOX, RREB1, GRK2). These identified pathways and genes may contribute to heat tolerance in DHH. Simultaneously, we also identified LIPH, TP63 and CBFA2T3 genes under positive selection that were associated with immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - C Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - H Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - R Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Q Chong
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - H Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - S Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
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148
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Pires B, Stafuzza N, Lima S, Negrão J, Paz C. Differential expression of heat shock protein genes associated with heat stress in Nelore and Caracu beef cattle. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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149
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Rong Y, Zeng M, Guan X, Qu K, Liu J, Zhang J, Chen H, Huang B, Lei C. Association of HSF1 Genetic Variation with Heat Tolerance in Chinese Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1027. [PMID: 31775331 PMCID: PMC6941060 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) gene is a regulator of the heat stress response, maximizing HSP protein expression survival. In this research, we explored the frequency distribution of a missense mutation (NC_037341.1 g.616087A > G, rs135258919) in the HSF1 gene in Chinese cattle with amino acid substitution, valine to alanine. This mutation could be related to the heat tolerance in Bos indicus. A total of 941 individuals representing 35 Chinese native cattle breeds, combining pure taurine (Angus) and indicine cattle, were used to determine the genotypes of the mutation through PCR and partial DNA sequencing. The results showed significant differences in allele frequencies and their genotypes amongst Chinese cattle from different regions. Allele G or indicine-specific allele frequency diminished from south to north China, while allele A (genotype AA) or the taurine-specific allele had a contrary pattern, which agreed with the distribution of taurine and indicine cattle. According to the association analysis, the NC_037341.1 g.616087A > G (rs135258919) of the bovine HSF1 gene, annual temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and the temperature humidity index (THI) (p < 0.01) were interrelated closely, which indicated that the NC_037341.1 g.616087A > G of the HSF1 gene is associated with heat tolerance in indicine cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.R.); (M.Z.); (X.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Mingfei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.R.); (M.Z.); (X.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Xiwen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.R.); (M.Z.); (X.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China; (K.Q.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China; (K.Q.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jicai Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China; (K.Q.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.R.); (M.Z.); (X.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming 650212, China; (K.Q.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.R.); (M.Z.); (X.G.); (H.C.)
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150
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Grewal S, Aggarwal A, Alhussien MN. Integrated effects of season and parturition-associated stress on the inflammatory response and metabolic status in Sahiwal (Bos Indicus) cows. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1627657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Grewal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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